Laser cladding coaxial powder feeding nozzle

Abstract

This invention discloses a coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding, relating to the field of metal cladding technology. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle includes a base, a laser generating mechanism mounted on top of the base, a powder feeding mechanism fixedly mounted on the outside of the base, and a nozzle connected through a channel tube at the bottom of the base. Four fourth sliding grooves are formed at equal angles along the circumference of the nozzle's interior. A rotating seat is rotatably mounted at the lower end of each of the four fourth sliding grooves, and a connecting pipe is fixedly mounted through the rotating seat. A slag removal component is provided between the rotating seat and the nozzle. The connecting pipe is connected to the base via an adjusting component. By using the connecting pipe and the adjusting component, the distance between the laser beam and the powder intersection point can be adjusted according to the different materials and fineness of the powder. Simultaneously, by using the adjusting component and the slag removal component, the slag removal component can clean the powder accumulated at the lower end of the connecting pipe and the bottom of the rotating seat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cladding technology, specifically to a coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding. Background Technology

[0002] The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding is one of the key components of laser cladding technology. Laser cladding technology is an advanced surface modification and repair technology that uses a high-energy laser beam to melt the surface of the substrate and the pre-placed or synchronously fed cladding material to form a high-performance coating that is metallurgically bonded to the substrate. Among them, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding has become the core component of this technology due to the good coaxiality between the powder beam and the laser beam and its high processing flexibility.

[0003] However, existing coaxial powder feeding nozzles for laser cladding are prone to powder accumulation and sintering at their ports. Furthermore, the degree of clogging varies depending on the material and fineness of the powder. When clogging affects powder spraying and cladding, the nozzle needs to be replaced, leading to reduced cladding efficiency. On the other hand, when cladding powders of different materials and fineness, the corresponding powder feeding nozzle needs to be replaced based on the material properties and fineness. The distance between the powder intersection point and the laser beam varies between different powder feeding nozzles, making it inconvenient to adjust the distance by adjusting the tilt angle of the powder nozzle. This necessitates frequent replacement of the powder feeding nozzle based on the type of powder, further reducing cladding efficiency.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, innovative designs are urgently needed based on existing approaches. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. To achieve the above objective, this invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding includes a base, a laser generating mechanism mounted on top of the base, a powder feeding mechanism fixedly mounted on the outside of the base, and a nozzle connected through a channel tube at the bottom of the base. Four fourth sliding grooves are formed at equal angles along the circumference of the nozzle's interior. A rotating seat is rotatably mounted at the lower end of each of the four fourth sliding grooves. A connecting pipe is fixedly mounted through the rotating seat. A slag removal assembly is provided between the rotating seat and the nozzle for cleaning the bottom of the rotating seat. The connecting pipe is connected to the base via an adjusting assembly for adjusting the tilt of the connecting pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the fourth slide groove has a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The connecting pipe follows the rotating seat and slides within the fourth slide groove, and the bottom opening of the connecting pipe remains horizontal with the bottom of the rotating seat.

[0008] Preferably, the adjustment component includes a turntable, which is rotatably mounted in an annular groove on the outside of the channel tube. The connecting tube is slidably connected in a sliding hole on the surface of the turntable. A gear ring is fixedly mounted on the outside of the turntable, and a gear is meshed on the outside of the gear ring. The gear is mounted on the lower right side of the machine base via a motor.

[0009] Preferably, the number of sliding holes on the turntable surface is the same as the number of connecting pipes, the sliding holes on the turntable surface are opened at an angle, and the four sliding holes are circumferentially distributed on the turntable surface.

[0010] Preferably, the slag removal assembly includes a third chute and a rotating sleeve. The third chute is located at the bottom of the nozzle. A movable block is slidably connected within the third chute. A second chute is located on the inner side of the movable block. A scraper is installed on one side of the bottom of the movable block. The rotating seat is slidably connected within the second chute. The rotating sleeve is slidably mounted on the outer side of the lower section of the nozzle. A first chute is located at the center of the outer side of the movable block. The rotating sleeve is vertically slidably connected to the first chute via an inner protruding rod.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating seat is laterally slidably connected to the second sliding groove via a protrusion, and the upper surface of the scraper is in a sliding fit with the bottom of the rotating seat.

[0012] Preferably, the number and position of the third slide grooves correspond to the installation position and number of the rotating seat. The third slide grooves are arc-shaped at the bottom end face of the nozzle, and the four third slide grooves are circumferentially distributed around the center of the bottom end face of the nozzle. The third slide grooves are used for the lateral sliding of the movable block. The vertical cross-section of the third slide grooves is a vertical arc-shaped structure. The vertical arc-shaped structure of the third slide grooves is used for the vertical sliding of the movable block. The shape of the third slide grooves corresponds to the structural shape of the movable block.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] This laser cladding coaxial powder feeding nozzle features a turntable driven by a motor and gears. The turntable rotates, and sliding holes on its surface engage with the upper end of a connecting tube. The four sliding holes are circumferentially inclined at equal angles. As the turntable rotates, the connecting tube slides within the sliding holes and moves within a fourth groove. The lower end of the connecting tube forms a rotating structure with the fourth groove via a rotating seat. By rotating the seat within the fourth groove, the point of convergence of the powder ejected from the lower end of the connecting tube is adjusted. This allows the distance between the laser beam and the powder convergence point to vary depending on the powder, avoiding the need to repeatedly change nozzles based on different powders and thus improving cladding efficiency.

[0015] By setting a fourth slide groove inside the nozzle, the connecting pipe is installed inside the fourth slide groove and moves within the fourth slide groove in coordination with the rotation of the turntable. A third slide groove is set between the nozzle and the rotating seat, and a movable block is slidably installed in the third slide groove. The movable block is connected to the rotating seat through a protrusion. In this way, when the rotating seat rotates, the movable block slides within the third slide groove through the protrusion. The movable block slides in coordination with the rotation of the rotating seat, so that the scraper on the movable block can always keep in contact with the bottom of the rotating seat. When cleaning the inside of the rotating seat, the rotating sleeve outside the nozzle is rotated. The rotating sleeve is connected to the movable block through a protrusion. When the rotating sleeve reciprocates at a small angle outside the nozzle, it moves the movable block back and forth within the third slide groove. When the movable block moves back and forth, the scraper scrapes the bottom of the rotating seat, thereby cleaning the accumulated residue at the bottom of the rotating seat, preventing the spray holes at the bottom of the rotating seat used for powder spraying from becoming clogged, and improving the efficiency of subsequent powder spraying. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure in this invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the turntable in this invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle in this invention;

[0020] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front sectional structure of the nozzle in this invention;

[0022] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the active block in this invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Powder feeding mechanism; 3. Nozzle; 4. Turntable; 5. Gear; 6. Channel pipe; 7. Laser generating mechanism; 301. Fourth slide groove; 302. Connecting pipe; 303. Rotating seat; 304. Third slide groove; 305. Movable block; 306. Second slide groove; 307. First slide groove; 308. Rotating sleeve; 309. Scraper; 8. Gear ring. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 This invention provides a coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding, comprising a base 1, a laser generating mechanism 7 mounted on the top of the base 1, a powder feeding mechanism 2 fixedly mounted on the outer side of the base 1, and a nozzle 3 connected through a channel tube 6 to the bottom of the base 1. Four fourth sliding grooves 301 are formed at equal angles in the circumferential direction inside the nozzle 3. A rotating seat 303 is rotatably mounted at the lower end of each of the four fourth sliding grooves 301. A connecting pipe 302 is fixedly mounted through the rotating seat 303. The fourth sliding groove 301 has a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The connecting pipe 302 rotates and slides within the fourth sliding groove 301 following the rotating seat 303. The bottom opening of the connecting pipe 302 remains horizontal with the bottom of the rotating seat 303. In this configuration, a slag removal assembly is provided between the rotating seat 303 and the nozzle 3. The slag removal assembly is used to clean the bottom of the rotating seat 303. The connecting pipe 302 is connected to the machine base 1 through an adjustment assembly. The adjustment assembly is used to adjust the tilt of the connecting pipe 302. The adjustment assembly includes a turntable 4. The turntable 4 is rotatably mounted in an annular slot on the outside of the channel pipe 6. The connecting pipe 302 is slidably connected in the sliding holes on the surface of the turntable 4. A gear ring 8 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the turntable 4. A gear 5 is meshed on the outside of the gear ring 8. The gear 5 is mounted on the lower right side of the machine base 1 through a motor. The number of sliding holes on the surface of the turntable 4 is the same as the number of connecting pipes 302. The sliding holes on the surface of the turntable 4 are opened at an angle, and the four sliding holes are circumferentially distributed on the surface of the turntable 4.

[0027] In practical use, the distance between the laser beam and the powder intersection point is adjusted according to the different materials and fineness of the powder. The adjustment method is as follows: when the powder particles are relatively coarse, the gear 5 drives the meshing gear ring 8 and the turntable 4 to rotate in the annular groove outside the channel tube 6 to adjust the position. Then, the position of the sliding hole on the turntable 4 is adjusted to drive the connecting tube 302 to slide inward in the fourth sliding groove 301, so that the distance between the powder intersection point and the laser beam is farther when the powder particles are relatively coarse. When the powder is relatively fine, the gear 5 drives the meshing gear ring 8 and the turntable 4 to rotate in the annular groove outside the channel tube 6 to adjust the position. Then, the position of the sliding hole on the turntable 4 is adjusted to drive the connecting tube 302 to slide outward in the fourth sliding groove 301, so that the distance between the powder intersection point and the laser beam is closer when the powder particles are relatively fine.

[0028] Example 2: Based on Example 1, please refer to... Figures 4 to 8A slag removal assembly is provided between the rotating seat 303 and the nozzle 3. The slag removal assembly includes a third sliding groove 304 and a rotating sleeve 308. The third sliding groove 304 is located at the bottom of the nozzle 3. A movable block 305 is slidably connected within the third sliding groove 304. A second sliding groove 306 is provided on the inner side of the movable block 305. A scraper 309 is installed on one side of the bottom of the movable block 305. The rotating seat 303 is slidably connected to the second sliding groove 306 through a protrusion. The upper surface of the scraper 309 is in a sliding fit with the bottom of the rotating seat 303. The rotating sleeve 308 is slidably mounted on the outer side of the lower section of the nozzle 3. A slag removal assembly is located at the center of the outer side of the movable block 305. The first slide groove 307 and the rotating sleeve 308 are vertically slidably connected to the first slide groove 307 through the inner protruding rod. The number and position of the third slide groove 304 correspond to the installation position and number of the rotating seat 303. The third slide groove 304 is arc-shaped on the bottom end face of the nozzle 3, and the four third slide grooves 304 are circumferentially distributed around the center of the bottom end face of the nozzle 3. The third slide groove 304 is used for the lateral sliding of the movable block 305. The vertical cross-section of the third slide groove 304 is a vertical arc-shaped structure. The vertical arc-shaped structure of the third slide groove 304 is used for the vertical sliding of the movable block 305. The shape of the third slide groove 304 corresponds to the structural shape of the movable block 305.

[0029] In practical use, when adjusting the intersection point of the connecting pipe 302 according to different materials and fine powders, the rotating seat 303 rotates inward and outward. Through the interlocking of the protrusion and the second slide groove 306, the movable block 305 slides vertically in the third slide groove 304 to adjust the corresponding position. At the same time, the movable block 305 cooperates with the first slide groove 307, so that the movable block 305 slides vertically on the protrusion of the rotating sleeve 308 to adjust the position. This ensures that the scraper 309 is always in a synchronized adjustment state with the bottom of the rotating seat 303 and the lower end of the connecting pipe 302, so that the scraper 309 can clean the powder accumulated on the connecting pipe 302 and the rotating seat 303 at different tilt angles.

[0030] Working Principle: When using this coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding, different powders are selected for laser cladding depending on the substrate. The distance between the laser beam and the powder intersection point is adjusted according to the different powders. Specifically, when the powder particles are coarser, a greater distance between the laser beam and the powder intersection point is needed for better cladding effect. At this time, the motor drives the gear 5 to rotate, and the gear 5 drives the meshing gear ring 8 and the turntable 4 to rotate and adjust their positions within the annular groove on the outside of the channel tube 6. Then, the adjustment of the position of the sliding hole on the turntable 4 drives the connecting tube 302 to rotate... The connecting pipe 302 slides inward in the fourth slide groove 301. When the connecting pipe 302 moves in the fourth slide groove 301, the connecting pipe 302 drives the rotating seat 303 to rotate at the lower end inside the fourth slide groove 301. During the rotation of the rotating seat 303, the powder spraying angle between the bottom of the rotating seat 303 and the nozzle of the connecting pipe 302 will be adjusted. Meanwhile, the powder spraying angle at the lower nozzle of the connecting pipe 302 will be adjusted outward, so that the distance between the powder sprayed by the connecting pipe 302 and the laser beam is increased. After a short preheating, it can immediately enter the molten pool and be fully melted, improving the utilization rate of the powder and the metallurgical bonding between the substrate and the cladding layer is better.

[0031] When the powder is fine, the distance between the laser beam and the powder intersection point needs to be close. At this time, the motor drives the gear 5 to rotate, and the gear 5 drives the meshing gear ring 8 and the turntable 4 to rotate and adjust their positions in the outer annular groove of the channel tube 6. Then, the adjustment of the position of the sliding hole on the turntable 4 drives the connecting tube 302 to slide outward in the fourth sliding groove 301, so that the rotating seat 303 at the lower end of the connecting tube 302 rotates in coordination. When the connecting tube 302 moves outward, the bottom of the rotating seat 303 and the connecting tube 302 adjust the powder spraying angle inward. The distance between the powder intersection point sprayed by the connecting tube 302 and the laser focus becomes closer. At this time, the powder intersection point moves closer to the laser focus, shortening the distance between the laser beam and the powder intersection point, avoiding the dispersion of fine powder. Being close to the focus can balance preheating and anti-dispersion.

[0032] After adjusting the distance between the powder convergence point and the laser beam according to the fineness of the powder particles, the powder feeding mechanism 2 on the base 1 feeds powder into the connecting pipe 302 through the hose. At the same time, the high-power laser beam emitted by the laser generating mechanism 7 passes through the laser channel tube 6 in the center of the nozzle 3 and is focused on a designated area on the surface of the substrate workpiece, heating the workpiece substrate in that area to a molten state to form a molten pool. Meanwhile, the metal powder is transported through the powder feeding mechanism 2 and the symmetrical connecting pipe 302 inside the nozzle 3, and converges into a coaxial powder flow at the outlet of the nozzle 3, falling precisely into the molten pool below. The metal powder falling into the molten pool is rapidly melted by the laser energy, and finally forms a cladding layer that is metallurgically bonded to the substrate surface.

[0033] Based on the above, when powder accumulates at the powder spraying port 3 during long-term use of the connecting pipe 302, thus affecting the powder spraying cladding, the convex and concave-convex cooperation between the protrusion of the rotating sleeve 308 and the first sliding groove 307 causes the reciprocating rotating sleeve 308 to drive the movable block 305 and the scraper 309 to slide laterally back and forth in the third sliding groove 304. At the same time, the movable block 305 slides laterally back and forth on the protrusion of the rotating seat 303 through the second sliding groove 306, so that the scraper 309 scrapes and cleans the accumulated powder on the bottom of the rotating seat 303 and the lower end of the connecting pipe 302 during the reciprocating sliding process.

[0034] Based on the above, when adjusting the intersection point of the connecting pipe 302 according to different materials and fine powders, the rotating seat 303 rotates inward and outward. Through the convex-concave engagement of the protrusion and the second slide groove 306, the movable block 305 slides vertically in the third slide groove 304 to adjust the corresponding position. At the same time, the movable block 305 cooperates with the first slide groove 307, so that the movable block 305 slides vertically on the protrusion of the rotating sleeve 308 to adjust the position. This ensures that the scraper 309 is always in a synchronized adjustment state with the bottom of the rotating seat 303 and the lower end of the connecting pipe 302, so that the scraper 309 can clean the powder accumulated on the connecting pipe 302 and the rotating seat 303 at different tilt angles.

[0035] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cladding coaxial powder delivery nozzle characterized by: The device includes a base (1), a laser generating mechanism (7) is installed on the top of the base (1), a powder feeding mechanism (2) is fixedly installed on the outside of the base (1), a nozzle (3) is connected through a channel pipe (6) at the bottom of the base (1), four fourth sliding grooves (301) are opened at equal angles in the circumferential direction inside the nozzle (3), a rotating seat (303) is installed at the lower end of each of the four fourth sliding grooves (301), a connecting pipe (302) is fixedly installed through the rotating seat (303), a slag removal component is provided between the rotating seat (303) and the nozzle (3), the slag removal component is used to clean the bottom of the rotating seat (303), the connecting pipe (302) is connected to the base (1) through an adjustment component, the adjustment component is used to adjust the tilt of the connecting pipe (302), and the fourth sliding groove (301) has a trapezoidal structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The adjustment assembly includes a turntable (4), which is rotatably mounted in an annular slot on the outside of the channel tube (6). The connecting tube (302) is slidably connected in a sliding hole on the surface of the turntable (4). A gear ring (8) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the turntable (4). A gear (5) is meshed on the outside of the gear ring (8). The gear (5) is mounted on the lower right side of the base (1) via a motor. The slag removal assembly includes a third chute (304) and a rotating sleeve (308). The third chute (304) is located at the bottom of the nozzle (3). A movable block (305) is slidably connected inside the third chute (304). A second chute (306) is provided on the inner side of the movable block (305). A scraper (309) is installed on one side of the bottom of the movable block (305). The rotating seat (303) is slidably connected inside the second chute (306). The rotating sleeve (308) is slidably installed on the outer side of the lower section of the nozzle (3). A first chute (307) is provided at the center of the outer side of the movable block (305). The rotating sleeve (308) is vertically slidably connected to the first chute (307) through an inner protruding rod. The number and position of the third slide groove (304) correspond to the installation position and number of the rotating seat (303). The third slide groove (304) is arc-shaped on the bottom end face of the nozzle (3), and the four third slide grooves (304) are circumferentially distributed with the center of the bottom end face of the nozzle (3). The third slide groove (304) is used for the lateral sliding of the movable block (305). The vertical section of the third slide groove (304) is a vertical arc-shaped structure. The vertical arc-shaped structure of the third slide groove (304) is used for the vertical sliding of the movable block (305). The shape of the third slide groove (304) corresponds to the structural shape of the movable block (305).

2. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (302) follows the rotating seat (303) and slides within the fourth sliding groove (301). The bottom opening of the connecting pipe (302) remains horizontal with the bottom of the rotating seat (303).

3. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of sliding holes on the surface of the turntable (4) is the same as the number of connecting pipes (302). The sliding holes on the surface of the turntable (4) are opened at an angle, and the four sliding holes are distributed circumferentially on the surface of the turntable (4).

4. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle for laser cladding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating seat (303) is connected laterally to the second sliding groove (306) by a protrusion, and the upper surface of the scraper (309) is in a sliding fit with the bottom of the rotating seat (303).

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