Automatic defect detection device for automotive upholstery based on regional division scanning

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic defect detection device for automotive upholstery based on area division scanning, relates to the technical field of defect detection, and aims to solve the problem that appearance defect detection cannot be comprehensively performed due to the fact that the turnover action of a one-way fixed conveying mode on the upholstery with multiple sizes and specifications cannot achieve firm attachment. The method comprises the steps of spiral feeding, preliminary fixing of a front clamping rod, turning over of a rotating seat, double-abutting type clamping of a rear clamping plate, revolution / rotation posture adjustment, structured light 3D camera area scanning and defect recognition and classification. The combination of a double-shaft rotating mechanism and a double-side fixing system solves the problems of single workpiece posture and missing detection in a local area in a traditional detection device; and the multi-point arrangement and multi-dimensional scanning strategy of the structured light 3D camera can realize accurate identification of micron-sized defects, the whole device is suitable for an on-line quality detection scene in the mass production stage of the automotive upholstery, and automation and intelligentization of defect detection of the automotive upholstery are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of defect detection technology, and more specifically to an automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning. Background Technology

[0002] Defect detection in automotive interior parts mainly includes two aspects: appearance inspection and functional inspection. The principle of appearance defect detection is to use a machine vision inspection system to simulate human vision for judgment. High-resolution images are used to acquire surface features of the parts, and algorithms are used to compare them with standard images to analyze differences in color, shape, texture, etc. For example, 3D vision technology can be used to acquire three-dimensional data of the part surface and compare it with a standard point cloud model to detect deformation defects such as dents / protrusions. Functional inspection principles include dimensional accuracy inspection, material performance inspection, environmental adaptability inspection, and sound / heat insulation performance inspection. This application improves the process of defect judgment using a machine vision system in appearance inspection.

[0003] Currently, when using machine vision for the appearance inspection of automotive interior parts, the flipping action of interior parts of various sizes and specifications requires a firm fit to achieve the scanning of defect features divided by area. However, most existing methods use unidirectional fixed conveying on the production line, which means that unidirectional fixed conveying cannot meet the requirement of comprehensive acquisition of surface features, and therefore cannot perform comprehensive inspection of appearance defects. To address this, this application proposes a solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning, in order to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: an automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning, comprising a spiral feeding belt and a light source ring. The upper end of the spiral feeding belt is connected to a unidirectional rotating component. The unidirectional rotating component includes a mounting platform. A rotating seat is provided at the end of the mounting platform away from the spiral feeding belt. A transverse bidirectional cylinder is rotatably mounted at the rotating end of the rotating seat. A front clamping rod for fixing the workpiece is installed at the output end of each transverse bidirectional cylinder. A dual-axis rotating mechanism is provided at the swinging end of the front clamping rod. The dual-axis rotating mechanism includes a longitudinal bidirectional cylinder located at the swinging end of the front clamping rod and vertically corresponding to the light source ring. A rear clamping plate is installed at the output end of the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder. Side-tilting seats are symmetrically arranged between the inner sides of a pair of rear clamping plates. A support rod for bidirectional rotation support of the workpiece is installed at the bottom of the side-tilting seats.

[0006] The configuration is further defined as follows: a drive rotation structure is provided below the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder. The drive rotation structure includes a bottom flipping seat connected to the bottom of the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder. A motor is provided on the outer side of the bottom flipping seat. The output end of the motor is connected to the bottom flipping seat to realize the longitudinal rotation action of the rear clamping plate.

[0007] A further configuration is provided: a receiving rod is provided at the middle of the outer side of the rear clamping plate away from the mounting platform, and the upper end of the receiving rod extends to the top of the rear clamping plate and has an inclined structure.

[0008] A further configuration is provided: a second motor is installed on the outside of the receiving rod, and the output end of the second motor passes through the rear clamp and is connected to the side-tilting seat, which is used to control the rotation of the workpiece located between the side-tilting seats.

[0009] The following configuration is further provided: a single cylinder is embedded in the middle of the side of the mounting platform near the spiral feeding belt, a feeding platform is installed at the end of the mounting platform near the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder, and a rack extending into the feeding platform is connected to the output end of the single cylinder.

[0010] The configuration is further defined as follows: a bearing seat is installed at the upper end of the rotating seat, and a rotating tooth that meshes with a rack is rotatably arranged between a pair of bearing seats; the transverse bidirectional cylinder is connected to both sides of the rotating tooth and rotates synchronously.

[0011] The configuration is further defined as follows: multiple point light sources are evenly distributed on the inner ring side of the light source ring, and the multiple point light sources are structured light 3D cameras.

[0012] A further configuration is provided: a limiting rod is installed at the bottom center of the mounting platform, and the bottom of the initial position of the transverse bidirectional cylinder contacts the limiting rod.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention addresses the problem that unidirectional fixed conveying methods cannot achieve a secure fit for the flipping action of multi-size and multi-specification interior parts, thus hindering comprehensive inspection of appearance defects. Through modular design, it automates and intelligently inspects automotive interior parts for defects. Its core workflow is as follows: spiral feeding → initial fixing with the front clamping rod → rotating seat flipping → double-clamping with the rear clamping plate → revolution / rotation attitude adjustment → area scanning with a structured light 3D camera → defect identification and classification. The combination of a dual-axis rotating mechanism and a dual-sided fixing system solves the problems of single workpiece posture and missed detection in localized areas in traditional inspection devices. The multi-point arrangement and multi-dimensional scanning strategy of the structured light 3D camera enables accurate identification of micron-level defects. The overall device balances clamping stability, comprehensive inspection, and operational efficiency, making it suitable for online quality inspection scenarios in the mass production stage of automotive interior parts. For the workpiece flipping process, the transverse bidirectional cylinder resets after completing a single unidirectional flipping conveying action. Specifically, this is achieved through the reset action of a single cylinder. After resetting, the transverse bidirectional cylinder contacts the limit rod, and the contact sensor on the limit rod obtains a signal, thus continuing to convey the workpiece on the spiral feeding belt and continuing to inspect the next workpiece. This constitutes a cyclical and intelligent continuous inspection process for automotive interior parts defects, improving inspection efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the unidirectional flipping component of the present invention before flipping. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the unidirectional flipping component of the present invention after flipping. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dual-axis rotation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-directional scanning of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece unidirectional flipping according to the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Spiral feeding belt; 2. Mounting platform; 3. Rotary seat; 4. Feeding platform; 5. Longitudinal bidirectional cylinder; 6. Light source ring; 7. Front clamping rod; 8. Rear clamping plate; 9. Multi-point light source; 10. Single cylinder; 11. Lateral bidirectional cylinder; 12. Receiving rod; 13. Bearing seat; 14. Rack; 15. Rotating gear; 16. Limiting rod; 17. Motor 1; 18. Motor 2; 19. Side tilting seat; 20. Supporting rod; 21. Bottom tilting seat. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0018] To address the issue that unidirectional fixed conveying methods cannot achieve a reliable fit for interior parts of various sizes and specifications during the flipping process, thus hindering comprehensive inspection of appearance defects, the following technical solution is proposed: Reference Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, the automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning in this embodiment includes a spiral feeding belt 1 and a light source ring 6. The upper end of the spiral feeding belt 1 is connected to a unidirectional rotating component, which includes a mounting platform 2. A rotating seat 3 is provided at the end of the mounting platform 2 away from the spiral feeding belt 1. A transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 is rotatably provided at the rotating end of the rotating seat 3. The output end of the transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 is equipped with a front clamping rod 7 for fixing the workpiece. The workpiece is put in from the front section of the spiral feeding belt 1 and moved between the front clamping rods 7. Then, the transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 forms an adaptive fixation of the workpiece through the front clamping rods 7. The workpiece is flipped over by rotating the rotating seat 3 by 180°. At this time, the workpiece is between the rear clamping plates 8. Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a dual-axis rotation mechanism is provided at the swing end of the front clamping rod 7. The dual-axis rotation mechanism includes a longitudinal bidirectional cylinder 5 placed at the swing end of the front clamping rod 7 and vertically corresponding to the light source ring 6. A rear clamping plate 8 is installed at the output end of the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder 5. A side-flipping seat 19 is symmetrically arranged between the inner sides of a pair of rear clamping plates 8. A support rod 20 for bidirectional rotation support of the workpiece is installed at the bottom of the side-flipping seat 19. The workpiece entering between the rear clamping plates 8 is clamped under the driving action of the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder 5, and both ends are on the support rod 20. That is, the workpiece is fixed by double-sided double-abutment.

[0019] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a drive rotation structure is provided below the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder 5. The drive rotation structure includes a bottom flipping seat 21 connected to the bottom of the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder 5. A motor 17 is provided on the outer side of the bottom flipping seat 21. The output end of the motor 17 is connected to the bottom flipping seat 21 to realize the longitudinal rotation of the rear clamping plate 8. A receiving rod 12 is provided in the middle of the outer side of the rear clamping plate 8 away from the mounting table 2. The upper end of the receiving rod 12 extends to the top of the rear clamping plate 8 and is inclined. A motor 2 18 is installed on the outer side of the receiving rod 12. The output end of the motor 2 18 passes through the rear clamping plate 8 and is connected to the side flipping seat 19 to control the rotation of the workpiece between the side flipping seats 19. For the workpieces located between the rear clamping plates 8, the following two actions can be achieved: Action 1: Motor 17 starts and drives the bottom flipping base 21 to rotate, so that the workpieces located between the rear clamping plates 8 can quickly complete the "revolutionary" flipping action; Action 2: Motor 2 18 drives the side flipping base 19 to rotate, so that the workpieces located between the side flipping bases 19 can quickly complete the "self-rotation" flipping action. Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, multiple light sources 9 are evenly distributed on the inner ring side of the light source ring 6. The multiple light sources 9 are structured light 3D cameras. Moreover, structured light 3D cameras are also provided when the workpiece moves on the spiral feed belt 1 and the unidirectional rotating component. Combined with the revolution-type flipping and rotation-type flipping actions, the workpiece to be inspected can achieve multi-angle flipping actions between the multiple light sources 9, so that the surface of the workpiece can be fully captured by the structured light 3D camera, which is conducive to the smooth progress of appearance inspection.

[0020] Basic Principle: The modular design enables automated and intelligent defect detection of automotive interior parts. Its core workflow is as follows: spiral feeding → initial fixing with front clamping rod 7 → flipping of rotating seat 3 → double-clamping with rear clamping plate 8 → orbital / rotational attitude adjustment → area scanning by structured light 3D camera → defect identification and classification. The combination of a dual-axis rotating mechanism and a dual-side fixing system solves the problems of single workpiece posture and missed detection in localized areas in traditional inspection devices. The multi-point arrangement and multi-dimensional scanning strategy of the structured light 3D camera enables accurate identification of micron-level defects such as scratches, dents, and color differences. The overall device balances clamping stability, comprehensive inspection, and operational efficiency, making it suitable for online quality inspection scenarios in the mass production stage of automotive interior parts. Example 2

[0021] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, the assembly includes: a single cylinder 10 is embedded in the middle of one side of the mounting platform 2 near the spiral feeding belt 1; a feeding platform 4 is installed at one end of the mounting platform 2 near the longitudinal bidirectional cylinder 5; the output end of the single cylinder 10 is connected to a rack 14 extending into the feeding platform 4; a bearing seat 13 is installed at the upper end of the rotating seat 3; a rotating tooth 15 that meshes with the rack 14 is rotatably arranged between a pair of bearing seats 13; and a transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 is connected to both sides of the rotating tooth 15 and rotates synchronously. Regarding the flipping action on the rotating seat 3, the single cylinder 10 drives the rack 14 to move horizontally, and the rotating tooth 15 that meshes with it generates a meshing transmission action, which drives the transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 to generate a unidirectional rotation action, that is, to drive the workpiece to complete a 180° flipping action.

[0022] A limit rod 16 is installed at the bottom center of the mounting platform 2. The bottom of the transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 at its initial position is in contact with the limit rod 16. During the workpiece flipping process, the transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 resets after completing a single unidirectional flipping conveying action. Specifically, this is achieved through the reset action of the single cylinder 10. After resetting, the transverse bidirectional cylinder 11 contacts the limit rod 16. The contact sensor on the limit rod 16 obtains a signal, and then the workpiece on the spiral feeding belt 1 continues to be conveyed, and the next workpiece is inspected. Combined with the automatic defect detection process in the above embodiment 1, the purpose of cyclic, intelligent and multi-dimensional defect scanning detection is achieved. Example 3

[0023] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment combines the technical content of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 to form an automatic defect detection method for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning, including the following steps: Step 1: The workpiece conveying and initial positioning of this device are completed collaboratively by the spiral feeding belt 1 and the unidirectional rotating assembly. After the workpiece is put in from the front section of the spiral feeding belt, it is conveyed to the area of ​​the rotating seat 3 at the end of the mounting platform 2 by the conveyor belt. The rotating end of the rotating seat 3 is equipped with a transverse bidirectional cylinder 11, and the front clamping rod 7 connected to its output end can form an initial adaptive fixation of the workpiece under the drive of the cylinder. After the workpiece is clamped by the front clamping rod 7, the rotating seat 3 performs a 180° flipping action to transfer the workpiece to the inspection area of ​​the rear clamping plate 8, realizing the first posture change of the workpiece in the inspection process. Step 2: The rear clamping plate 8 area is the core inspection station of the device, which integrates a dual-axis rotation mechanism and a double-sided double-abutment fixing system. The longitudinal bidirectional cylinder 5 drives the rear clamping plate 8 to clamp the workpiece for a second time. The two ends of the workpiece are supported by the support rods 20, forming a "rear clamping plate-support rod" double-sided double-abutment fixing structure, which ensures that the workpiece has no displacement deviation during the inspection process. This fixing method has both lateral clamping force and longitudinal support force, which can adapt to the stable clamping requirements of automotive interior parts of different sizes and shapes, such as door panels and dashboard components. Step 3: Longitudinal Revolution System: Motor 17 drives the bottom flipping seat 21 to rotate the rear clamping plate 8 longitudinally, causing the workpiece to rotate around the horizontal axis. It can achieve 0-180° posture adjustment to meet the defect detection requirements of the top and bottom surfaces; Lateral Rotation System: The side flipping seat 19 and Motor 2 18 form a lateral rotation drive. Motor 2 18 drives the side flipping seat 19 to rotate, allowing the workpiece to rotate 360° around its own axis. With the support of the support rod 20, it can perform a blind-angle scan of complex areas such as the sides and corners of the workpiece. Step 4: The device adopts a visual inspection scheme combining multi-point light source 9 and structured light 3D cameras: structured light 3D cameras are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the light source ring 6, which can emit coded structured light and collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the workpiece surface; at the same time, auxiliary structured light cameras are also arranged along the spiral feeding belt 1 and the unidirectional rotating component, forming a full-process visual monitoring of "conveying-positioning-inspection"; through the collaboration of the multi-dimensional rotating mechanism and the light source system, the workpiece can achieve multi-angle posture switching during the inspection process, ensuring that each area of ​​plane, curved surface and joint can be completely captured by the camera, meeting the high-precision inspection requirements of area division scanning.

[0024] In summary, this invention, combining Embodiments 1, 2, and 3, achieves defect identification and classification through a process involving spiral feeding → initial fixing with the front clamping rod 7 → flipping of the rotating seat 3 → double-clamping with the rear clamping plate 8 → orbital / rotational attitude adjustment → area scanning with a structured light 3D camera. The combination of the dual-axis rotation mechanism and the dual-sided fixing system solves the problems of single workpiece posture and missed detection in localized areas inherent in traditional inspection devices. Furthermore, the multi-point arrangement and multi-dimensional scanning strategy of the structured light 3D camera can achieve accurate identification of micron-level defects such as scratches, dents, and color differences. The overall device takes into account clamping stability, comprehensive detection, and high operational efficiency, making it suitable for online quality inspection scenarios in the mass production stage of automotive interior parts, and realizing the automation and intelligence of defect detection for automotive interior parts.

[0025] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the structure of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, all of which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning, comprising a spiral feeding belt (1) and a light source ring (6), characterized in that, The upper end of the spiral feeding belt (1) is connected with a one-way rotation assembly, the one-way rotation assembly comprises a mounting table (2), a rotating seat (3) is arranged at the end away from the spiral feeding belt (1) of the mounting table (2), a horizontal double-action pneumatic cylinder (11) is rotatably arranged at the rotating end of the rotating seat (3), and front clamping rods (7) for fixing workpieces are arranged at the output ends of the horizontal double-action pneumatic cylinders (11).

2. The automatic defect detection apparatus for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that, A double-shaft rotating mechanism is arranged at the swinging end of the front clamping rod (7), the double-shaft rotating mechanism comprises a vertical double-action pneumatic cylinder (5) arranged at the swinging end of the front clamping rod (7) and vertically corresponding to a light source ring (6), rear clamping plates (8) are arranged at the output ends of the vertical double-action pneumatic cylinders (5), and a side overturning seat (19) is symmetrically arranged between the inner sides of the rear clamping plates (8).

3. The automatic defect detection apparatus for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning according to claim 2, characterized in that, A driving rotating structure is arranged below the vertical double-action pneumatic cylinders (5), the driving rotating structure comprises a bottom overturning seat (21) connected with the bottom of the vertical double-action pneumatic cylinder (5), a motor (17) is arranged at the outer side of the bottom overturning seat (21), and the output end of the motor (17) is connected with the bottom overturning seat (21) and used for realizing the vertical rotating action of the rear clamping plate (8).

4. The automatic defect detection apparatus for automotive interior parts based on region division scanning according to claim 3, characterized in that, A material receiving rod (12) is arranged at the outer middle part of the rear clamping plate (8) away from the mounting table (2), and the upper end of the material receiving rod (12) extends to above the rear clamping plate (8) and is in an inclined structure.

5. The region-based scanning automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts according to claim 1, wherein A motor (18) is arranged at the outer side of the material receiving rod (12), the output end of the motor (18) penetrates through the rear clamping plate (8) and is connected with the side overturning seat (19), and the motor (18) is used for controlling the rotation of the workpiece between the side overturning seats (19).

6. The region-based scanning automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts according to claim 5, wherein A single pneumatic cylinder (10) is embedded in the middle part of the mounting table (2) close to the spiral feeding belt (1), a feeding table (4) is arranged at the end of the mounting table (2) close to the vertical double-action pneumatic cylinder (5), and the output end of the single pneumatic cylinder (10) is connected with a rack (14) extending into the feeding table (4).

7. The region-based scanning automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts according to claim 1, wherein Bearing seats (13) are arranged at the upper ends of the rotating seat (3), rotating teeth (15) meshing with the rack (14) are rotatably arranged between the bearing seats (13), and the horizontal double-action pneumatic cylinders (11) are connected with the two sides of the rotating teeth (15) and rotate synchronously.

8. The region-based scanning automatic defect detection device for automotive interior parts according to claim 1, wherein Multiple point light sources (9) are arranged at the inner ring sides of the light source ring (6), and the multiple point light sources (9) are structured light 3D cameras. A limiting rod (16) is arranged at the middle part of the bottom side of the mounting table (2), and the bottom of the initial position of the horizontal double-action pneumatic cylinder (11) is in contact with the limiting rod (16).

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