Physical unclonable function implementation device and method based on optical chaos

Abstract

The invention provides a physical unclonable function implementation device and method based on optical chaos. The physical unclonable function implementation device comprises a digital light challenge signal generation module, an amplification module, an external light injection laser chaotic physical unclonable function module and a detection and processing module. The invention designs a nonlinear physical unclonable function structure based on external light injection laser chaos, and extra unclonable parameter dimensions are provided by using parameters of external light injection laser chaos so as to make up the limitation of nonlinearity of the laser. Compared with other optical physical unclonable function designs, the optical physical unclonable function design method has the advantages of being similar in randomness, higher in reliability, low in cost and low in implementation complexity. In addition, due to the high sensitivity of the chaotic source to parameters, the modeling attack coping capability is improved, and the method has certain advantages in the aspects of updating and replacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of secure optical communication, and more specifically, to a device and method for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the information technology wave is surging forward, profoundly reshaping social production and lifestyles. As infrastructure, fiber optic communication plays a central role due to its significant advantages of high speed, large capacity, and wide bandwidth. However, the digital tide has blurred the boundaries of traditional networks, and the widespread adoption of the "Internet of Everything" is breaking down information barriers while also exposing its security to unprecedented multidimensional threats. Injection attacks are a major threat currently facing optical communication. Unauthorized parties inject false or interfering information into the communication link by forging and impersonating legitimate parties, affecting normal communication. Therefore, identity authentication between communicating parties is crucial.

[0003] Challenge-response technology is an effective means of authentication in communication. Using challenge-response pairs (CRPs), the authentication server sends a different "challenge" string to the client each time authentication is performed. The client program receives this "challenge" string and responds accordingly. Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) utilize the unique property of hardware or materials that makes them difficult to replicate, and are used to generate challenge-response signals. In optical communication, optical PUFs offer a series of unique advantages, including high bandwidth, high speed, and high complexity.

[0004] While integrated circuit-based electronic PUF technology has matured and is widely used, its direct application in optical communication networks faces inherent challenges such as interface conversion and rate matching. In contrast, optical physical non-cloning functions (OPFs) exhibit unique advantages due to the inherent properties of their physical media: they not only possess bandwidth and processing speeds far exceeding those of electronic PUFs, but their physical behavior in light field interactions is also more complex and higher-dimensional. More importantly, optical PUFs have a natural affinity with optical communication links, providing an ideal technical path for achieving seamless, intrinsic security authentication. Currently, proposed solutions for optical PUFs mainly involve recording light incident at a specific angle using a camera, generating the required challenge-response pairs through the scattering of light spots by a random medium, or generating the required challenge-response pairs through interaction with light based on special micro / nano structures or material properties. However, these solutions often suffer from high complexity, poor long-term stability, and difficulty in integrating with commercial optical communication links, limiting their practical application capabilities. Furthermore, existing solutions mostly use digital signals for response, which can lead to information loss during sampling, affecting the stability and randomness of non-cloning function devices.

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows: the existing optical physical non-clonable function realization devices have high complexity, poor long-term stability, difficulty in integration with optical communication links, and the response signals used in the existing schemes are mostly digital signals, which can lead to information loss in the sampling stage, affecting the stability and randomness of the non-clonable function device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a device and method for realizing optical physical non-clonable functions based on optical chaotic sources, aiming to solve the problems of high complexity, poor long-term stability, and difficulty in integrating with optical communication links in existing optical physical non-clonable functions.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for realizing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos is provided, comprising a digital optical challenge signal generation module, an amplification module, an external light-injected laser chaotic physically unclonable function module, and a detection and processing module; The digital light challenge signal generation module is used to generate a digital light challenge signal based on the original light signal; The amplification module is used to amplify the digital light challenge signal; An external light-injected laser chaotic physics no-cloning function module is used to perform nonlinear transformation on the amplified digital light challenge signal and output an analog light response signal. The detection and processing module is used to sample the simulated optical response signal and perform identity authentication of the communicating party based on the simulated optical response signal.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0009] Furthermore, the digital optical challenge signal generation module includes a first semiconductor laser, any waveform generator, an electrical amplifier, an intensity modulator, and a polarization controller; The arbitrary waveform generator is used to generate a digital multi-cycle binary signal, which is then input into the electrical amplifier. The first semiconductor laser is used to generate an optical carrier carrying an electrical signal and transmit it to the optical port of the intensity modulator; The electrical amplifier is used to amplify the intensity of the digital multi-cycle binary signal generated by the arbitrary waveform amplifier and transmit it to the electrical port of the intensity modulator. The intensity modulator is used to load the amplified digital multi-cycle binary signal onto the amplitude of the optical carrier signal, perform binary amplitude shift keying modulation, and transmit it to the polarization controller. The polarization controller is used to adjust the polarization direction of the input optical carrier signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the amplification module includes an erbium-doped fiber amplifier: The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to adjust the intensity of the digital optical challenge signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the externally injected laser chaotic physics non-cloning function module includes a first fiber coupler, a second semiconductor laser, a second fiber coupler, and a variable optical reflector; The first fiber coupler and the second fiber coupler are used to guide the digital optical challenge signal output by the amplification module into the second semiconductor laser; The second semiconductor laser is used to emit laser light and receive the light feedback reflected back after the laser light passes through the first fiber coupler to the variable fiber mirror; and based on the reflected light feedback and internal nonlinear effects, it forms an external light injection external light feedback chaotic source, performs nonlinear transformation on the digital light challenge signal, forms a chaotic light analog response signal, and transmits the chaotic light analog response signal to the detection and processing module through the first fiber coupler and the second fiber coupler. The variable optical reflector is used to reflect the laser output from the second semiconductor laser back into the laser, forming optical feedback.

[0012] Furthermore, the detection and processing module includes a photoelectric converter, an oscilloscope, and a data processing unit; The photoelectric converter is used to convert analog optical response signals into analog electrical response signals; The oscilloscope is used to sample the analog electrical response signal to obtain an analog electrical response signal sequence; The data processing unit is used to calculate and compare the analog electrical response signal sequence with a reference analog electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal to verify the identity of the communicating party; and to calculate the correlation degree of different analog electrical response signal sequences, and determine the stability and reliability of the physical unclonable function implementation device based on the correlation degree.

[0013] Furthermore, the data processing unit is used to calculate and compare the analog electrical response signal sequence with a reference analog electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal to verify the identity of the communicating party, including: If the simulated electrical response signal sequence matches the reference simulated electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal, then the communication party's identity authentication is successful; otherwise, the communication party's identity authentication fails.

[0014] Furthermore, the correlation between different simulated electrical response signal sequences is calculated, and based on the correlation, the stability and reliability of the physical non-cloning function implementation device are determined, including: The analog electrical response signal sequence obtained by collecting multiple identical digital optical challenge signals is calculated, and the correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences collected from each two collections is calculated. If the correlation is greater than a preset threshold, it indicates that the physical non-cloning function implementation device has stability; otherwise, it does not have stability. The analog electrical response signal sequence is obtained by collecting multiple different digital optical challenge signals. The correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences collected from each pair is calculated. If the correlation is greater than a preset threshold, it indicates that the physical non-cloning function implementation device is unreliable; otherwise, the physical non-cloning function implementation device is reliable.

[0015] Furthermore, the correlation between the simulated electrical response signal sequences acquired between each two acquisitions is calculated using the Discrete Hamming Distance (LHD) or Pearson correlation coefficient. The correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences acquired between each two acquisitions is calculated using the Discrete Hamming Distance (LHD), including:

[0016] Where M is the ordinal number of the time sampling points. and These are the m-th data points in the two acquired analog electrical response signal sequences, and L is the preset "relaxation" threshold. The correlation between the simulated electrical response signal sequences acquired between each pair of acquisitions was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, including: The simulated electrical response signal sequences acquired twice are represented as follows: and , where N is the number of samples; Analog electrical response signal sequence With analog electrical response signal sequence The formula for calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient is:

[0017] in, express and Pearson correlation coefficient, and Representing sequences respectively with sequence The sample mean, for The i-th sample in the series, for The i-th sample in the dataset.

[0018] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for implementing a physically non-clonable function based on optical chaos is provided, applied in an apparatus for implementing a physically non-clonable function based on optical chaos, the method comprising: The digital light challenge signal generation module generates a digital light challenge signal based on the original light signal; The amplification module amplifies the digital optical challenge signal; The externally injected laser chaotic physics non-cloning function module performs a nonlinear transformation on the amplified digital light challenge signal and outputs an analog light response signal; The detection and processing module samples the simulated optical response signal and performs identity authentication of the communicating party based on the simulated optical response signal.

[0019] This invention provides a device and method for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos. It designs a nonlinear physically unclonable function structure based on the chaos of an externally injected laser. The parameters of the chaotic laser are used to provide additional dimensions of the unclonable parameters, thus compensating for the limitations of the laser's inherent nonlinearity. This invention exhibits similar stochasticity to other optical physically unclonable function designs, but offers advantages such as higher reliability, lower cost, and lower implementation complexity. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of the chaotic source to the parameters enhances the ability to withstand modeling attacks and provides certain advantages in updating and replacing parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a spectrum diagram of a simulated laser chaotic source provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a spectrum of the second semiconductor laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention in a free-running state; Figure 5 This is the waveform evolution process of the laser chaotic source under different feedback intensities provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos, provided by one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is an overall flowchart of a method for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Attached Figure

[0021] 1. First semiconductor laser; 2. Arbitrary waveform generator; 3. Electrical amplifier; 4. Intensity modulator; 5. Polarization controller; 6. Optical amplifier; 7. Second semiconductor laser; 8. First fiber optic coupler; 9. Variable fiber optic mirror; 10. Second fiber optic coupler; 11. Photoelectric converter; 12. Oscilloscope; 13. Data processing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the various embodiments or individual embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined with each other to form feasible technical solutions. Such combinations are not constrained by the order of steps and / or structural composition patterns, but must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0023] Existing optical physical non-clonable function (NCF) implementation devices suffer from high complexity, poor long-term stability, and difficulty in integrating with optical communication links. Furthermore, the response signals used in existing schemes are mostly digital signals, which can lead to information loss during the sampling process, affecting the stability and randomness of the NCF device.

[0024] Based on this, this invention is the first to apply optical chaotic source technology to the design of physically unclonable functions, filling the technological gap in the field of physically unclonable functions in secure optical communication both domestically and internationally.

[0025] Figure 1 This invention illustrates an embodiment of a physically non-cloning function implementation device based on optical chaos, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a digital light challenge signal generation module, an amplification module, an external light-injected laser chaotic physics unclonable function module, and a detection and processing module.

[0026] in, Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the externally injected laser chaotic source, specifically the internal structure of the digital optical challenge signal generation module, amplification module, and externally injected laser chaotic physics non-cloning function module. In this diagram, Laser1 represents the first semiconductor laser 1, AM represents the intensity modulator 4, EA represents the electrical amplifier 3, AWG represents the arbitrary waveform generator 2, OFA represents the optical amplifier 6, Laser2 represents the second semiconductor laser 7, OC represents the fiber coupler, ISO represents the isolator, VFR represents the variable fiber optic mirror 9, and PD represents the photoelectric converter 11.

[0027] The working principle of the device for realizing physically non-cloning functions based on optical chaos is as follows: The digital light challenge signal generation module is used to generate a digital light challenge signal based on the original light signal; An amplification module is used to amplify the digital optical challenge signal; An external light-injected laser chaotic physics no-cloning function module is used to perform nonlinear transformation on the amplified digital light challenge signal and output an analog light response signal. The detection and processing module is used to sample the simulated optical response signal and perform identity authentication of the communicating party based on the simulated optical response signal.

[0028] The digital light challenge signal generation module includes a first semiconductor laser 1, an arbitrary waveform generator, an electric amplifier 3, an intensity modulator 4, and a polarization controller 5.

[0029] The arbitrary waveform generator 2 is used to generate digital multi-cycle binary signals, which are then input to the electrical amplifier 3. The first semiconductor laser 1 is used to generate an optical carrier carrying an electrical signal and transmit it to the optical port of the intensity modulator 4; The electrical amplifier 3 is used to amplify the intensity of the digital multi-cycle binary signal generated by the arbitrary waveform amplifier and transmit it to the electrical port of the intensity modulator 4. The intensity modulator 4 is used to load the amplified digital multi-cycle binary signal onto the amplitude of the optical carrier signal, perform binary amplitude shift keying modulation, and transmit it to the polarization controller 5. The polarization controller 5 is used to adjust the polarization direction of the input optical carrier signal.

[0030] Specifically, the internal working principle of the digital light challenge signal generation module is as follows: The PRBS signal output from the arbitrary waveform generator 2 is amplified by the electrical amplifier 3 and then enters the electrical port of the intensity modulator 4. The intensity modulator 4 modulates the intensity of the passing optical signal. The original optical signal generated by the first semiconductor laser 1 passes through the intensity modulator 4 and the polarization modulator to obtain the digital optical challenge signal. The polarization modulator is used to adjust the polarization direction of the digital optical challenge signal to be consistent with the polarization direction of the second semiconductor laser 7 in the chaotic physics non-cloning function module of the externally injected laser.

[0031] The amplification module consists of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which is used to enhance the optical power of the digital optical challenge signal in order to adjust the injected light intensity of the digital optical challenge signal.

[0032] The externally injected laser chaotic physics non-cloning function module includes a first fiber coupler 8, a second semiconductor laser 7, a second fiber coupler 10, and a variable optical reflector. The first fiber coupler 8 and the second fiber coupler 10 are used to guide the digital optical challenge signal output by the amplification module into the second semiconductor laser 7; The second semiconductor laser 7 is used to emit laser light and receive the light feedback reflected back after the laser light passes through the first fiber coupler 8 and reaches the variable fiber mirror 9; and based on the reflected light feedback and internal nonlinear effects, it forms an external light injection external light feedback chaotic source, performs nonlinear transformation on the digital light challenge signal, forms a chaotic light analog response signal, and transmits the chaotic light analog response signal to the detection and processing module through the first fiber coupler 8 and the second fiber coupler 10; The variable light reflector is used to reflect the laser output from the second semiconductor laser 7 back into the laser, forming optical feedback.

[0033] Specifically, the internal working principle of the chaotic physics non-cloning function module of the externally injected laser is as follows: The digital optical challenge signal is injected into the second semiconductor laser 7 under the guidance of the first fiber coupler 8 and the second fiber coupler 10. Simultaneously, the laser output from the second semiconductor laser 7 passes through the first fiber coupler 8, reaches the variable fiber mirror 9, and is reflected back into the second semiconductor laser 7, where it oscillates, forming a chaotic source within the laser. The spectrum diagram of the chaotic source can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 The generated chaotic optical response signal is transmitted to the detection and processing module via the first optical fiber coupler 8 and the second optical fiber coupler 10.

[0034] In this system, the second semiconductor laser 7, the first fiber coupler 8, and the variable fiber mirror 9 constitute a laser external feedback chaotic source, whose dynamic behavior can be described by the improved Lang-Kobayashi equations.

[0035]

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] Where E(t) represents the electric field amplitude; N(t) represents the carrier concentration in the laser; Indicates the phase of the electric field. This indicates a phase shift due to nonlinear effects. Linewidth enhancement factor Transparent carrier number, The system saturation coefficient is... For photon lifetime, This is the gain coefficient. For the injection current coefficient, For carrier lifetime, For feedback strength, To account for the feedback delay, this chaotic source model has a total of 9 parameters.

[0039] By adjusting the variable fiber reflector 9, the intensity of the light fed back to the second semiconductor laser 7 is changed, causing the chaotic source to output quasi-periodic light. Then, a digital optical signal is injected into the chaotic source via the second fiber coupler 10 as an initial chaotic value, transforming the quasi-periodic light output by the second semiconductor laser 7 into chaotic light. Due to the high sensitivity of the chaotic source to the initial value, the generated simulated chaotic light and the injected digital optical challenge signal exhibit strong specificity, thus producing a simulated response signal. The spectrum of the second semiconductor laser 7 in its free-running state can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 4 The waveform evolution process of the laser chaotic source under different feedback intensities can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 5 .

[0040] The detection and processing module includes a photoelectric converter 11, an oscilloscope 12, and a data processing unit 13. The photoelectric converter 11 is used to convert the analog optical response signal into an analog electrical response signal; The oscilloscope is used to sample the analog electrical response signal to obtain an analog electrical response signal sequence; The data processing unit 13 is used to calculate and compare the analog electrical response signal sequence with a reference analog electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal to verify the identity of the communicating party; and to calculate the correlation between different analog electrical response signal sequences, and determine the stability and reliability of the physical non-cloning function implementation device based on the correlation.

[0041] Specifically, the analog optical response signal enters the optical port of the photoelectric converter 11, undergoes photoelectric conversion to obtain an analog electrical response signal, and is further sampled by an oscilloscope to obtain an analog electrical response signal sequence, which is finally processed by the data processing unit 13. The data processing unit 13 performs filtering, noise reduction, and feature extraction on the analog electrical response signal to generate a unique optical response related to the input data, achieving an optically physically non-clonable function. In the detection and processing module, the data processing unit 13 verifies the identity of the communicating party and the stability and reliability of the device based on the analog optical response signal generated by the device.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data processing unit 13 is configured to calculate and compare the analog electrical response signal sequence with a reference analog electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal to verify the identity of the communicating party, including: If the simulated electrical response signal sequence matches the reference simulated electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal, then the communication party's identity authentication is successful; otherwise, the communication party's identity authentication fails.

[0043] Understandably, for each digital optical challenge signal, its corresponding reference analog electrical response signal sequence is pre-set, and each digital optical challenge signal and its corresponding reference analog electrical response signal sequence are stored in the database.

[0044] When the Physically Unclonable Function Implementation Device generates an analog response signal based on the input digital optical challenge signal, it compares the analog response signal generated by the Physically Unclonable Function Implementation Device with the reference analog response signal in the database. If the two match, the communication party's authentication is successful; otherwise, the communication party's authentication fails.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data processing unit 13 calculates the correlation between different sequences of the analog electrical response signal, and determines the stability and reliability of the physical non-cloning function implementation device based on the correlation, including: The analog electrical response signal sequence obtained by collecting multiple identical digital optical challenge signals is calculated, and the correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences collected from each two collections is calculated. If the correlation is greater than a preset threshold, it indicates that the physical non-cloning function implementation device has stability; otherwise, it does not have stability. The analog electrical response signal sequence is obtained by collecting multiple different digital optical challenge signals. The correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences collected from each pair is calculated. If the correlation is greater than a preset threshold, it indicates that the physical non-cloning function implementation device is unreliable; otherwise, the physical non-cloning function implementation device is reliable.

[0046] Understandably, the data processing unit 13 can evaluate the stability and reliability of the physically non-cloning function (PCF) implementation device based on the analog response signal output by the PCF implementation device. Stability evaluation refers to the difference in the response signal generated by the device at different times under the same digital optical challenge, ideally with a value of 0. Reliability refers to the fact that, ideally, the response signals generated under different digital optical challenge signals are completely independent.

[0047] Therefore, it is possible to continuously acquire multiple sequences of analog electrical response signals generated after the same digital optical challenge signal passes through a physically non-cloning function (PTF) implementation device, calculate the correlation between each two acquired sequences, and determine the stability of the PTF implementation device based on relevant procedures. Theoretically, by repeatedly inputting the same digital optical challenge signal into the PTF implementation device, and acquiring the data from the PTF implementation device... Since the corresponding output analog electrical response signals are similar, the correlation between the multiple output analog electrical response signal sequences corresponding to multiple inputs of the same digital optical challenge signal to the physical no-cloning function implementation device is calculated. If the correlation is higher than a preset threshold, it indicates that the physical no-cloning function implementation device is stable.

[0048] Similarly, multiple sequences of analog electrical response signals generated after different digital optical challenge signals pass through a physically non-cloning function (PTF) implementation device can be continuously acquired. The correlation between each two acquired sequences of analog electrical response signals can be calculated, and the reliability of the PTF implementation device can be determined according to relevant procedures. Theoretically, different digital optical challenge signals can be input into the PTF implementation device multiple times, and the data collected by the PTF implementation device can be analyzed. The corresponding analog electrical response signals output are completely different. Therefore, the correlation between multiple sequences of analog electrical response signals output corresponding to different digital optical challenge signals input to the physically non-cloning function implementation device is calculated. If the correlation is lower than a preset threshold, the physically non-cloning function implementation device is considered reliable. Otherwise, the physically non-cloning function implementation device is not reliable.

[0049] The data processing unit 13 primarily uses the Discrete Hamming distance (LHD) or Pearson correlation coefficient to calculate the correlation between two simulated electrical response signal sequences. Specifically, the Discrete Hamming distance (LHD) is defined to measure the correlation between two simulated chaotic response sequences. A larger distance indicates a higher degree of similarity between the two sequences, and vice versa.

[0050] The formula for Discrete Hamming Distance (LHD) is:

[0051] Where M is the ordinal number of the time sampling points. and These are the m-th data points in the two acquired analog electrical response signal sequences, and L is a preset "leniency" threshold used to tolerate a certain amount of noise and disturbance.

[0052] The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to calibrate and normalize the two analog electrical response signal sequences before quantization. Assume that through synchronous sampling, the discrete-time sequences corresponding to the two analog electrical response signal sequences are as follows: and , where N is the sample size. The sample Pearson correlation coefficient r between these two is defined by the following formula:

[0053] in, express and Pearson correlation coefficient, and Representing sequences respectively with sequence The sample mean, for The i-th sample in the series, for The i-th sample in the dataset.

[0054] The implementation process of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes the generation of a digital optical challenge signal, the amplification of the digital optical challenge signal, the injection and nonlinear transformation of the digital optical challenge signal, and the acquisition and processing of an analog electrical response signal. Through these steps, a unique optical response related to the input data can be obtained, thereby realizing an optically physically non-clonable function.

[0055] See Figure 6 This invention provides a method for implementing a physically non-cloning function based on optical chaos, applicable to a device for implementing physically non-cloning functions. The method includes: Step 1: The digital light challenge signal generation module generates a digital light challenge signal; Step 2: The amplification module amplifies the digital light challenge signal; Step 3: The external light injection laser's chaotic physics non-cloning function module performs a nonlinear transformation on the amplified digital light challenge signal and outputs an analog light response signal. Step 4: The detection and processing module samples the simulated optical response signal and performs identity authentication of the communicating party based on the simulated optical response signal.

[0056] Among them, see Figure 7 The transmitting end (the party requesting access) generates a digital optical challenge signal. This signal is then amplified by an external optical amplifier and enters the receiving end (the requesting party). The receiving end performs a nonlinear transformation on the digital optical challenge signal to generate a corresponding response signal. An oscilloscope is used to sample the response signal, obtaining an analog sequence. This sequence is compared to a preset reference response signal sequence. If they match, the request for access is authenticated and communication is permitted. Otherwise, authentication fails, and communication is not permitted.

[0057] Another implementation involves the transmitter (the party requesting access) generating a digital optical challenge signal. Since this signal is noisy, it is amplified by an external optical amplifier before entering the receiver (the party requesting access). The receiver then generates a noise-free digital optical challenge signal identical to the transmitter's signal. This signal undergoes a non-linear transformation to generate a corresponding response signal. An oscilloscope is used to sample the response signal, obtaining an analog sequence. This sequence is compared to a preset reference response signal sequence. If they match, the request for access is authenticated, and communication is permitted. Otherwise, authentication fails, and communication is denied.

[0058] It is understood that the method for implementing a physically non-clonable function based on optical chaos provided by the present invention corresponds to the apparatus for implementing a physically non-clonable function based on optical chaos provided in the foregoing embodiments. The relevant technical features of the method for implementing a physically non-clonable function based on optical chaos can be referred to the relevant technical features of the apparatus for implementing a physically non-clonable function based on optical chaos, and will not be repeated here.

[0059] The following is a specific example to illustrate the device for implementing physically unclonable functions based on optical chaos provided by this invention. Example

[0060] This embodiment observes the dynamic evolution of the chaotic waveform by changing the feedback intensity of the chaos in the second semiconductor laser. The chaotic source of the laser is modeled using Matlab simulation software, employing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a solution step size of 1 / (100×10⁻⁶). 9 The equation is solved using the given parameters. A total of 8,000,000 sampling points are generated, and the parameter values ​​are shown in the table below. Figure 5 As can be seen from this, when the feedback strength is small, at 0.005 ns... -1 At the initial stage, the feedback light intensity is too low to form oscillations, and the second semiconductor laser maintains a stable output with a smooth waveform; as the feedback intensity increases to 1 ns... -1 Subsequently, the waveform exhibits periodicity. The feedback strength then further increases, reaching 20 ns. -1 The waveform still exhibits periodic characteristics, but the complexity of the waveform within one period increases, resulting in a quasi-periodic state. Ultimately, the feedback strength is further increased to 50 ns. -1 The waveform enters a chaotic state, exhibiting characteristics similar to noise. Overall, as the feedback intensity increases, the waveform undergoes an evolution from a stationary state to a periodic state, then to a quasi-periodic state, and finally enters a chaotic state. The simulation parameters for the simulation experiment are shown in Table 1 below.

[0061] Table 1 Simulation Parameters Example

[0062] This embodiment simulates the chaotic spectrum of a laser and observes its spectral characteristics, obtaining an effective bandwidth of 5.5641 GHz, thus proving the broadband characteristics of the laser chaotic source. At the same time, the free-state spectrum of the semiconductor laser was collected in the experiment.

[0063] The present invention provides a device and method for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos, which has the following advantages: First, this invention uses digital signals as challenge signals, which have excellent reliability and anti-interference capabilities, and are low in cost and low in implementation complexity.

[0064] Secondly, this invention designs a nonlinear physical no-cloning function structure based on the chaos of an externally injected laser. This invention uses the chaotic parameters of the externally injected laser to provide additional dimensions of the no-cloning parameters, thus compensating for the limitations of the laser's inherent nonlinearity. This invention exhibits similar stochasticity to other optical physical no-cloning function designs, but offers advantages such as higher reliability, lower cost, and lower implementation complexity. Furthermore, due to the high sensitivity of the chaotic source to the parameters, it enhances the ability to withstand modeling attacks and provides certain advantages in updating and replacing parameters.

[0065] Third, compared to digital response signals, analog response signals contain more dimensions of information, while digital signals require discarding some data during quantization. Analog signals can more directly utilize the nonlinearity and randomness of devices such as lasers, and the signals have stronger security, while digital signals may lose these nonlinear details during quantization.

[0066] It should be noted that the descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0067] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0068] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0069] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0070] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0071] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0072] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A device for realizing physically unclonable functions based on optical chaos, characterized in that, It includes a digital light challenge signal generation module, an amplification module, an external light injection laser chaotic physics non-cloning function module, and a detection and processing module; The digital light challenge signal generation module is used to generate a digital light challenge signal based on the original light signal; The amplification module is used to amplify the digital light challenge signal; An external light-injected laser chaotic physics no-cloning function module is used to perform nonlinear transformation on the amplified digital light challenge signal and output an analog light response signal. The detection and processing module is used to sample the simulated optical response signal and perform identity authentication of the communicating party based on the simulated optical response signal.

2. The apparatus for implementing physically unclonable functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digital optical challenge signal generation module includes a first semiconductor laser, an arbitrary waveform generator, an electrical amplifier, an intensity modulator, and a polarization controller; The arbitrary waveform generator is used to generate a digital multi-cycle binary signal, which is then input into the electrical amplifier. The first semiconductor laser is used to generate an optical carrier carrying an electrical signal and transmit it to the optical port of the intensity modulator; The electrical amplifier is used to amplify the intensity of the digital multi-cycle binary signal generated by the arbitrary waveform amplifier and transmit it to the electrical port of the intensity modulator. The intensity modulator is used to load the amplified digital multi-cycle binary signal onto the amplitude of the optical carrier signal, perform binary amplitude shift keying modulation, and transmit it to the polarization controller. The polarization controller is used to adjust the polarization direction of the input optical carrier signal.

3. The apparatus for implementing physically unclonable functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amplification module includes an erbium-doped fiber amplifier: The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to adjust the intensity of the digital optical challenge signal.

4. The apparatus for implementing physically unclonable functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The externally injected laser chaotic physics unclonable function module includes a first fiber coupler, a second semiconductor laser, a second fiber coupler, and a variable optical reflector; The first fiber coupler and the second fiber coupler are used to guide the digital optical challenge signal output by the amplification module into the second semiconductor laser; The second semiconductor laser is used to emit laser light and receive the light feedback reflected back after the laser light passes through the first fiber coupler to the variable fiber mirror; and based on the reflected light feedback and internal nonlinear effects, it forms an external light injection external light feedback chaotic source, performs nonlinear transformation on the digital light challenge signal, forms a chaotic light analog response signal, and transmits the chaotic light analog response signal to the detection and processing module through the first fiber coupler and the second fiber coupler. The variable optical reflector is used to reflect the laser output from the second semiconductor laser back into the laser, forming optical feedback.

5. The apparatus for implementing physically unclonable functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection and processing module includes a photoelectric converter, an oscilloscope, and a data processing unit; The photoelectric converter is used to convert analog optical response signals into analog electrical response signals; The oscilloscope is used to sample the analog electrical response signal to obtain an analog electrical response signal sequence; The data processing unit is used to calculate and compare the analog electrical response signal sequence with a reference analog electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal to verify the identity of the communicating party; and to calculate the correlation degree of different analog electrical response signal sequences, and determine the stability and reliability of the physical unclonable function implementation device based on the correlation degree.

6. The apparatus for implementing physically unclonable functions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data processing unit is used to calculate and compare the analog electrical response signal sequence with a reference analog electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal to verify the identity of the communicating party, including: If the simulated electrical response signal sequence matches the reference simulated electrical response signal sequence pre-stored in the database corresponding to the digital optical challenge signal, then the communication party's identity authentication is successful; otherwise, the communication party's identity authentication fails.

7. The apparatus for implementing physically unclonable functions according to claim 5, characterized in that, Calculate the correlation degree of different simulated electrical response signal sequences, and determine the stability and reliability of the physical non-cloning function implementation device based on the correlation degree, including: The analog electrical response signal sequence obtained by collecting multiple identical digital optical challenge signals is calculated, and the correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences collected from each two collections is calculated. If the correlation is greater than a preset threshold, it indicates that the physical non-cloning function implementation device has stability; otherwise, it does not have stability. The analog electrical response signal sequence is obtained by collecting multiple different digital optical challenge signals. The correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences collected from each pair is calculated. If the correlation is greater than a preset threshold, it indicates that the physical non-cloning function implementation device is unreliable; otherwise, the physical non-cloning function implementation device is reliable.

8. The apparatus for implementing physically unclonable functions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The correlation between two acquired analog electrical response signal sequences is calculated using the Discrete Hamming distance (LHD) or Pearson correlation coefficient. The correlation between the analog electrical response signal sequences acquired between each two acquisitions is calculated using the Discrete Hamming Distance (LHD), including: ； Where M is the ordinal number of the time sampling points. and These are the m-th data points in the two acquired analog electrical response signal sequences, and L is the preset "relaxation" threshold. The correlation between the simulated electrical response signal sequences acquired between each pair of acquisitions was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, including: The simulated electrical response signal sequences acquired twice are represented as follows: and , where N is the number of samples; Analog electrical response signal sequence With analog electrical response signal sequence The formula for calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient is: ； in, express and Pearson correlation coefficient, and Representing sequences respectively with sequence The sample mean, for The i-th sample in the series, for The i-th sample in the dataset.

9. A method for implementing a physically unclonable function based on optical chaos, applied in the apparatus for implementing a physically unclonable function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes: The digital light challenge signal generation module generates a digital light challenge signal based on the original light signal; The amplification module amplifies the digital optical challenge signal; The externally injected laser chaotic physics non-cloning function module performs a nonlinear transformation on the amplified digital light challenge signal and outputs an analog light response signal; The detection and processing module samples the simulated optical response signal and performs identity authentication of the communicating party based on the simulated optical response signal.

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