A thermal insulation decorative board for building outer wall and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation materials, and particularly relates to a thermal insulation decorative plate for building outer walls and a preparation method thereof. The thermal insulation decorative plate for building outer walls is composed of a fireproof thermal insulation layer, a bonding layer and a decorative panel layer arranged in sequence. The fireproof thermal insulation layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: cement 50-80 parts, polystyrene particles 10-20 parts, modified aerogel 5-10 parts, fly ash 12-18 parts, aluminum silicate fiber 2-5 parts, polycarboxylic acid water reducer 0.5-1 part, early strength agent 1.5-2 parts and water 30-60 parts. The modified aerogel is lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride modified silica aerogel. The modified aerogel is added in the fireproof thermal insulation layer, and water glass and resin composite bonding agents are used, so that the prepared thermal insulation decorative plate has excellent thermal insulation performance, excellent mechanical properties and fire resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal insulation materials technology, specifically relating to a thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by both economic development and ecological environmental protection, green building has become the core direction for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry, and the dual demands for building energy conservation and safety protection are becoming increasingly prominent. As a major construction country, my country has a huge stock of existing buildings and a continuously growing scale of new construction. As the main carrier of building energy loss, the thermal insulation performance and fire safety of exterior walls directly affect building energy efficiency and resident safety. Traditional exterior wall insulation and decoration materials mainly include metal panel curtain walls, stone curtain walls, thin-layer paint plaster, and ceramic tiles. These materials have shortcomings such as poor weather resistance, unstable adhesion, and difficulty in simultaneously achieving both fire resistance and thermal insulation performance. They are prone to large-scale peeling, surface aging and deformation, and damage to fixing points, seriously affecting building aesthetics and personal safety, and urgently need improvement. At the same time, in the process of urbanization, the demand for personalized and integrated building appearances is increasing. The market urgently needs integrated materials that combine multiple functions such as thermal insulation, fire resistance, decoration, and environmental protection. These materials require not only reducing overall building energy consumption but also improving construction efficiency, shortening construction periods, and meeting the decorative effects of different architectural styles.

[0003] Therefore, in response to the shortcomings of existing products, it is urgent to optimize and improve them through technological innovation: on the one hand, it is necessary to develop new composite fillers and adopt the composite modification technology of inorganic thermal insulation materials and flame retardants to achieve synergistic improvement of thermal insulation and fire resistance performance; on the other hand, it is necessary to optimize the composite process, strengthen the reliability, durability and safety design of products, and improve the diversity and stability of decorative effects, so as to meet the urgent needs of the construction industry for high-efficiency, energy-saving, safe, reliable and beautiful exterior wall materials, and promote the high-quality development of the green building industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The primary objective of this invention is to provide an insulated decorative panel for building exterior walls, which has excellent thermal insulation performance as well as superior mechanical and fire-resistant properties.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A building exterior wall insulation and decorative panel is composed of a fireproof insulation layer, an adhesive layer, and a decorative panel layer arranged sequentially. The fireproof insulation layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts cement, 10-20 parts polystyrene particles, 5-10 parts modified aerogel, 12-18 parts fly ash, 2-5 parts aluminum silicate fiber, 0.5-1 part polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 1.5-2 parts early strength agent, and 30-60 parts water.

[0008] The modified aerogel is prepared by the following process:

[0009] A silicon source, ethanol, and water were mixed, and lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride was added and ultrasonically dispersed. The pH was adjusted to 2.5-4, and then heated and stirred. The pH was then adjusted to 8-10, and the mixture was allowed to stand for aging, freeze-dried, crushed, and ground to obtain the modified aerogel.

[0010] Furthermore, the ratio of lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride, silicon source, ethanol, and water is 1 g: (50-100) mL: (150-300) mL: (50-200) mL; the silicon source is tetraethyl orthosilicate.

[0011] Furthermore, the heating and stirring temperature is 50-70 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h; the standing and aging time is 20-40 h.

[0012] Furthermore, the pH is adjusted to 2.5-4 using a 0.1-0.3 mol / L nitric acid solution; and the pH is adjusted to 8-10 using a 25-28% ammonia solution.

[0013] Furthermore, the lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride is prepared by the following process: lanthanum chloride and magnesium diboride are ball-milled and mixed, microwaved, washed, filtered, and dried to obtain lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride.

[0014] Furthermore, the molar ratio of lanthanum chloride to magnesium diboride is 1:15-20.

[0015] Furthermore, the ball milling time is 10-15 h; the microwave reaction temperature is 120-150 ℃, and the time is 20-40 min.

[0016] Furthermore, the adhesive layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts sodium silicate, 10-15 parts potassium silicate, 20-30 parts silicone resin, 10-15 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts sodium hydroxide, and 2-5 parts cerium carbonate.

[0017] Furthermore, the decorative panel layer is an aluminum alloy plate; the early strength agent is sodium sulfate.

[0018] The above-mentioned method for preparing thermal insulation decorative panels for building exterior walls includes the following steps:

[0019] (a) The polystyrene particles are foamed, and then cement, fly ash, modified aerogel, aluminum silicate fiber, water-reducing agent, early strength agent and water are added and mixed. After solidification in the mold for 7-10 hours, the mixture is demolded to obtain a fireproof and heat-insulating layer.

[0020] (b) From top to bottom, the fireproof insulation layer, adhesive layer and decorative panel layer are hot-pressed together and cooled to obtain the insulation and decorative panel.

[0021] Furthermore, the temperature for hot pressing in step (b) is 160-180 °C, and the time is 20-40 s.

[0022] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. This invention adds lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride-modified aerogel to the fireproof insulation layer, which can improve the thermal insulation performance of the board and improve its mechanical properties. Aerogel has advantages such as low density, large specific surface area, stable chemical properties, low thermal conductivity, and strong hydrophobicity, which can effectively improve the thermal insulation effect of the board. Magnesium diboride easily decomposes at high temperatures to generate boron oxides, which can promote the formation of a carbon layer on the substrate surface to isolate oxygen and heat. Doping magnesium diboride with rare earth element lanthanum can make the generated carbon layer denser and harder, significantly improving the thermal insulation and oxygen barrier effect. Adding it to aerogel can improve the flame retardant performance of the board. Moreover, lanthanum can improve the compatibility between aerogel and magnesium diboride, so that magnesium diboride particles are uniformly dispersed in aerogel, acting as a reinforcing phase to improve the brittleness of aerogel, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the board.

[0024] 2. This invention utilizes a composite adhesive of water glass and resin, combined with a continuous hot-pressing process, to effectively improve the fire resistance of the board material. The inorganic and organic composite adhesive can achieve rapid curing under hot pressing, while also possessing thermal insulation properties; polyvinyl alcohol increases the compatibility between the resin and water glass, providing a thickening and toughening effect; cerium carbonate and water glass work together to form a dense adhesive layer, and cerium carbonate can decompose at high temperatures to release carbon dioxide and react with sodium silicate to form cerium-based silicates, effectively enhancing the fire resistance of the adhesive layer. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the modified aerogel prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific conditions not specified in the embodiments are performed according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents or instruments used are conventional products obtained through commercial channels.

[0027] The decorative panel layer of this invention is made of 5052 aluminum alloy sheet; the cement is 42.5... ＃ Ordinary silicate cement; polystyrene is graphite polystyrene; fly ash is Grade II fly ash.

[0028] (I) Implementation Examples

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Example 1 provides a thermal insulation and decorative panel for building exterior walls, comprising a fireproof insulation layer, an adhesive layer, and a decorative panel layer arranged sequentially. The fireproof insulation layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts cement, 15 parts polystyrene particles, 8 parts modified aerogel, 15 parts fly ash, 3 parts aluminum silicate fiber, 0.8 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 1.8 parts sodium sulfate, and 50 parts water. The adhesive layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts sodium silicate, 12 parts potassium silicate, 25 parts silicone resin, 12 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts sodium hydroxide, and 3 parts cerium carbonate.

[0031] The modified aerogel is prepared by the following process:

[0032] (1) Lanthanum chloride and magnesium diboride were ball-milled for 12 h to mix evenly according to a molar ratio of 1:18. The mixture was then microwaved at 140 °C for 30 min. After washing, filtering and drying, lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride was obtained.

[0033] (2) Following the ratio of lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, and water of 1 g: 80 mL: 240 mL: 150 mL, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, and water were mixed, and then lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride was added and ultrasonically dispersed. 0.2 mol / L nitric acid solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 3. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 2 h, and then 27% (w / w) ammonia solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 9. The mixture was allowed to stand for 30 h, then freeze-dried, crushed, and ground to obtain the modified aerogel. The scanning electron microscope image of the modified aerogel prepared in this example is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0034] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0035] (a) Weigh the raw materials of the fireproof insulation layer, add polystyrene particles into the foaming machine and foam until the particle density is 4g / L. Then add cement, fly ash, modified aerogel, aluminum silicate fiber, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, sodium sulfate and water, mix and stir evenly, transfer to the mold and solidify for 8 hours before demolding to obtain the fireproof insulation layer.

[0036] (b) Weigh the raw materials of the adhesive layer and mix them evenly to obtain an adhesive; apply the adhesive to the fireproof and heat-insulating layer to form an adhesive layer, then attach a 5052 aluminum alloy decorative panel to the adhesive layer, hot press and bond at 170 ℃ for 30 s, and after cooling and shaping, obtain a heat-insulating decorative panel for building exterior walls.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] Example 2 provides a building exterior wall insulation and decorative panel, which consists of a fireproof insulation layer, an adhesive layer, and a decorative panel layer arranged sequentially. The fireproof insulation layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts cement, 10 parts polystyrene particles, 5 parts modified aerogel, 12 parts fly ash, 2 parts aluminum silicate fiber, 0.5 parts polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 1.5 parts sodium sulfate, and 30 parts water. The adhesive layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts sodium silicate, 10 parts potassium silicate, 20 parts silicone resin, 10 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts sodium hydroxide, and 2 parts cerium carbonate.

[0039] The modified aerogel is prepared by the following process:

[0040] (1) Lanthanum chloride and magnesium diboride were ball-milled for 10 h to mix evenly according to a molar ratio of 1:15. The mixture was then microwaved at 120 °C for 20 min. After washing, filtering and drying, lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride was obtained.

[0041] (2) Following the ratio of lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and water of 1 g: 50 mL: 150 mL: 50 mL, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and water were mixed, and then lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride was added and ultrasonically dispersed. The pH was adjusted to 2.5 by adding 0.1 mol / L nitric acid solution, and stirred at 50 °C for 2 h. Then, 25% ammonia water by mass was added to adjust the pH to 8. The mixture was allowed to stand for 20 h, freeze-dried, crushed and ground to obtain the modified aerogel.

[0042] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0043] (a) Weigh the raw materials of the fireproof insulation layer, add polystyrene particles into the foaming machine and foam until the particle density is 4g / L. Then add cement, fly ash, modified aerogel, aluminum silicate fiber, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, sodium sulfate and water, mix and stir evenly, transfer to the mold and solidify for 7 hours before demolding to obtain the fireproof insulation layer.

[0044] (b) Weigh the raw materials of the adhesive layer and mix them evenly to obtain an adhesive; apply the adhesive to the fireproof and heat-insulating layer to form an adhesive layer, then attach a 5052 aluminum alloy decorative panel to the adhesive layer, hot press and bond at 160 ℃ for 20 s, and after cooling and shaping, obtain a heat-insulating decorative panel for building exterior walls.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] Example 3 provides a thermal insulation and decorative panel for building exterior walls, comprising a fireproof insulation layer, an adhesive layer, and a decorative panel layer arranged sequentially. The fireproof insulation layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts cement, 20 parts polystyrene particles, 10 parts modified aerogel, 18 parts fly ash, 5 parts aluminum silicate fiber, 1 part polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 2 parts sodium sulfate, and 60 parts water. The adhesive layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts sodium silicate, 15 parts potassium silicate, 30 parts silicone resin, 15 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts sodium hydroxide, and 5 parts cerium carbonate.

[0047] The modified aerogel is prepared by the following process:

[0048] (1) Lanthanum chloride and magnesium diboride were ball-milled for 15 h to mix evenly according to a molar ratio of 1:20. The mixture was then microwaved at 150 °C for 40 min. After washing, filtering and drying, lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride was obtained.

[0049] (2) According to the ratio of lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and water, 1 g: 100 mL: 300 mL: 200 mL, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and water were mixed, and then lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride was added and ultrasonically dispersed. 0.3 mol / L nitric acid solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4. The mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 3 h, and then 28% ammonia water by mass was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 10. The mixture was allowed to stand for 40 h, then freeze-dried, crushed and ground to obtain the modified aerogel.

[0050] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0051] (a) Weigh the raw materials of the fireproof insulation layer, add polystyrene particles into the foaming machine and foam until the particle density is 4g / L. Then add cement, fly ash, modified aerogel, aluminum silicate fiber, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, sodium sulfate and water, mix and stir evenly, transfer to the mold and solidify for 10 h before demolding to obtain the fireproof insulation layer.

[0052] (b) Weigh the raw materials of the adhesive layer and mix them evenly to obtain the adhesive; apply the adhesive to the fireproof and heat-insulating layer to form an adhesive layer, and then attach the 5052 aluminum alloy decorative panel to the adhesive layer. Hot press the panel at 180 ℃ for 40 s, and after cooling and shaping, obtain the heat-insulating decorative panel for building exterior walls.

[0053] (ii) Comparative Example

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 1, except that when preparing the modified aerogel, step (1) is omitted and the lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride in step (2) is omitted, that is, Comparative Example 1 uses unmodified aerogel.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: when preparing the modified aerogel, step (1) is omitted and lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride in step (2) is replaced with lanthanum chloride.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that cerium carbide in the adhesive layer is omitted.

[0060] (III) Test Examples

[0061] The performance of the thermal insulation decorative panels prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested.

[0062] Thermal conductivity test: The thermal conductivity of the insulation decorative panels of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested according to GB / T 10294-2008 "Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties of insulation materials - protective hot plate method". The results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Tensile and compressive strength tests: In accordance with GB / T 30595-2024 "Extruded polystyrene board (XPS) system materials for building insulation", the tensile strength of the insulation decorative boards of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Fire rating: The fire ratings of the thermal insulation decorative panels of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested according to GB 8624-2012 "Determination of water absorption rate of rigid foamed plastics". The results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1. Results of thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and fire resistance tests on thermal insulation decorative panels.

[0066]

[0067] As shown in Table 1, the thermal insulation decorative panels prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention have excellent thermal insulation performance as well as excellent mechanical properties and fire resistance.

[0068] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 1 used unmodified aerogel, while Comparative Example 2 replaced lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride with lanthanum chloride during the preparation of modified aerogel. The thermal insulation and mechanical properties of Comparative Example 2 decreased significantly, indicating that adding modified aerogel to the fireproof insulation layer can effectively improve both thermal insulation and mechanical properties. Specifically, magnesium diboride easily decomposes at high temperatures to generate boron oxides, which can promote the formation of a carbon layer on the substrate surface to isolate oxygen and heat. Doping magnesium diboride with the rare earth element lanthanum makes the resulting carbon layer denser and harder, significantly improving the thermal and oxygen insulation effect. Adding it to the aerogel can improve the flame retardant properties of the board. Furthermore, lanthanum can improve the compatibility between the aerogel and magnesium diboride, allowing magnesium diboride particles to be uniformly dispersed in the aerogel, acting as a reinforcing phase to improve the brittleness of the aerogel and enhance the mechanical properties of the board.

[0069] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 3, by omitting cerium carbide from the adhesive layer, showed a significant decrease in fire resistance. This indicates that adding cerium carbide to the adhesive layer can significantly improve the fire resistance of the thermal insulation decorative panel. Specifically, cerium carbonate and water glass work together to form a dense adhesive layer. Simultaneously, cerium carbonate can decompose at high temperatures to release carbon dioxide and react with sodium silicate to form cerium-based silicates, effectively enhancing the fire resistance of the adhesive layer.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. The basic principles and main features of the present invention have been described above with specific implementation schemes. Based on the present invention, some modifications or substitutions can be made, but these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation and decorative panel for building exterior walls, characterized in that, It consists of a fireproof and heat-insulating layer, an adhesive layer, and a decorative panel layer arranged sequentially; the fireproof and heat-insulating layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts cement, 10-20 parts polystyrene particles, 5-10 parts modified aerogel, 12-18 parts fly ash, 2-5 parts aluminum silicate fiber, 0.5-1 part polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 1.5-2 parts early strength agent, and 30-60 parts water; The modified aerogel is prepared by the following process: A modified aerogel was obtained by mixing silicon source, ethanol and water, adding lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride and ultrasonically dispersing, adjusting the pH to 2.5-4 and heating and stirring, then adjusting the pH to 8-10, allowing it to stand for aging, freeze-drying, crushing and grinding. The adhesive layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts sodium silicate, 10-15 parts potassium silicate, 20-30 parts silicone resin, 10-15 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts sodium hydroxide, and 2-5 parts cerium carbonate.

2. The thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride, silicon source, ethanol and water is 1 g: (50-100) mL: (150-300) mL: (50-200) mL; the silicon source is tetraethyl orthosilicate.

3. The thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating and stirring temperature is 50-70 ℃, and the time is 2-3 h; the standing and aging time is 20-40 h.

4. The thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride is prepared by the following process: lanthanum chloride and magnesium diboride are ball-milled and mixed, microwaved, washed, filtered, and dried to obtain lanthanum-doped magnesium diboride.

5. The thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to claim 4, characterized in that, The molar ratio of lanthanum chloride to magnesium diboride is 1:15-20.

6. The thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ball milling time is 10-15 h; the microwave reaction temperature is 120-150 ℃ and the time is 20-40 min.

7. The thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decorative panel layer is an aluminum alloy plate; the early strength agent is sodium sulfate.

8. A method for preparing a thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (a) The polystyrene particles are foamed, and then cement, fly ash, modified aerogel, aluminum silicate fiber, polycarboxylate superplasticizer, early strength agent and water are added and mixed. After solidification in the mold for 7-10 hours, the mixture is demolded to obtain a fireproof and heat-insulating layer. (b) From top to bottom, the fireproof insulation layer, adhesive layer and decorative panel layer are hot-pressed together and cooled to obtain the insulation and decorative panel.

9. The method for preparing the thermal insulation decorative panel for building exterior walls according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hot pressing temperature in step (b) is 160-180 ℃ and the time is 20-40 s.

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