Microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment part

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-fluidic detection assembly with a replaceable pretreatment part. The micro-fluidic detection assembly with the replaceable pretreatment part comprises a micro-fluidic detection chip and the pretreatment part. The microfluidic detection chip is provided with a liquid injection area, a mounting area and a detection area. The pretreatment component comprises a plurality of different models, the pretreatment components of different models are provided with different pretreatment areas, the pretreatment areas of different models are detachably and alternatively mounted in the mounting area, and the pretreatment component is at least used for extracting nucleic acid or separating plasma in a sample. Wherein the liquid injection area is communicated with the pretreatment area, the pretreatment area is communicated with the detection area, and the distances from the liquid injection area, the mounting area and the detection area to the center of the microfluidic detection chip are sequentially increased in the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip. The microfluidic detection assembly with the replaceable pretreatment part at least solves the problem of poor adaptability of the microfluidic detection assembly with the replaceable pretreatment part in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of microfluidic detection technology, and more specifically, to a microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, microfluidic detection components include microfluidic detection chips, some of which have pretreatment regions for extracting nucleic acids from samples. Nucleic acid extraction methods mainly include magnetic bead extraction and column extraction. Magnetic bead extraction is easy to automate and has high throughput, but it usually requires complex magnetic control devices, increasing cost and structural complexity. Column extraction technology is mature and relatively low-cost, but its control is complex.

[0003] However, microfluidic detection components in related technologies are usually designed using a single and fixed nucleic acid extraction principle, which limits the application scenarios of microfluidic detection components and results in poor adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide a microfluidic component to solve the problem of poor adaptability of microfluidic detection components in related technologies.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a microfluidic detection assembly with a replaceable pretreatment component is provided, comprising: A microfluidic detection chip, wherein the microfluidic detection chip is provided with an injection area, an installation area and a detection area; The pretreatment component includes various models, each model having a different pretreatment area. The pretreatment areas of each model are detachable and can be selectively installed in the installation area. The pretreatment component is used at least for extracting nucleic acids or separating plasma from a sample. The injection area is connected to the pretreatment area, and the pretreatment area is connected to the detection area. The distances from the injection area, the installation area, and the detection area to the center of the microfluidic detection chip increase sequentially along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip.

[0006] In some embodiments, the preprocessing region includes at least: A pyrolysis chamber, which is connected to the injection area; The transfer chamber is connected to the lysis chamber, and the transfer chamber is connected to the detection area through a first capillary channel; In particular, along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip, the distances from the injection area, the lysis chamber, the transfer chamber, and the detection area to the center of the microfluidic detection chip increase sequentially.

[0007] In some embodiments, the pretreatment component includes a first pretreatment component, the pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component further includes a cleaning and isolation unit, the cleaning and isolation unit is connected to the lysis chamber and the transfer chamber, the lysis chamber is provided with magnetic beads, the transfer chamber is connected to the injection area, and the microfluidic detection assembly of the replaceable pretreatment component further includes a magnetic field component, the magnetic field component is used to generate a magnetic field to move the magnetic beads from the lysis chamber through the cleaning and isolation unit to the transfer chamber; and / or The pretreatment component includes a second pretreatment component, and the pretreatment area of ​​the second pretreatment component further includes an adsorption chamber. The adsorption chamber is connected between the lysis chamber and the transfer chamber. An adsorption membrane is disposed in the adsorption chamber. Along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip, the distance from the lysis chamber, the adsorption chamber, and the transfer chamber to the center of the microfluidic detection chip gradually increases.

[0008] In some embodiments, the cleaning and isolation unit includes: The cleaning chamber includes multiple cleaning chambers, which are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip, and the cleaning chambers are in communication with the liquid injection area; The isolation chamber includes multiple isolation chambers, which are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip, and the isolation chambers are filled with isolation fluid. Wherein, an isolation chamber is connected between two adjacent cleaning chambers, and at least one isolation chamber is connected to the pyrolysis chamber and the cleaning chamber closest to the pyrolysis chamber, and at least one isolation chamber is connected to the transfer chamber and the cleaning chamber closest to the transfer chamber.

[0009] In some embodiments, the pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component further includes a pneumatic cavity, the pneumatic cavity being connected to the first capillary channel and located at one end of the first capillary channel near the transfer cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the pretreatment area of ​​the second pretreatment component further includes a diversion channel and a first waste liquid chamber. The diversion channel is connected to the adsorption chamber and the transfer chamber, and is also connected to the adsorption chamber and the first waste liquid chamber. The first waste liquid chamber and the transfer chamber are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip.

[0011] In some embodiments, the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components further includes a reagent kit, which is detachably installed in the injection area, has a reservoir space inside, and a sealing portion on the reagent kit for sealing the reservoir space; A seal release section is provided in the injection area, which is used to release the seal so that the liquid in the storage space can flow into the injection area.

[0012] In some embodiments, the liquid storage space includes at least a first liquid storage chamber, a second liquid storage chamber, and a third liquid storage chamber. The reagent kit has a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening on the side near the microfluidic detection chip. The first opening communicates with the first liquid storage chamber, the second opening communicates with the second liquid storage chamber, and the third opening communicates with the third liquid storage chamber. The sealing portion is sealed to the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening. The injection area includes at least a pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber, a cleaning fluid inlet chamber, and a separation fluid inlet chamber. The pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber, the cleaning fluid inlet chamber, and the separation fluid inlet chamber are all connected to the pretreatment area. The pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber is connected to the first storage chamber through the first opening, the cleaning fluid inlet chamber is connected to the second storage chamber through the second opening, and the separation fluid inlet chamber is connected to the third storage chamber through the third opening. The sealing release part is provided at least in the pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber, the cleaning fluid inlet chamber, and the separation fluid inlet chamber.

[0013] In some embodiments, at least one of the bottoms of the lysis buffer inlet chamber, the washing buffer inlet chamber, and the separation buffer inlet chamber is provided with an overlapping protrusion, the overlapping protrusion extending along the thickness direction of the microfluidic detection assembly of the replaceable pretreatment component, and the reagent kit overlapping the overlapping protrusion.

[0014] In some embodiments, the sealing portion includes a sealing film that is sealed to the liquid storage space, and the sealing release portion includes a puncture member configured to automatically puncture the sealing film when the kit is installed in the injection area to open the liquid storage space; and / or, The sealing portion includes a sealing film, which is sealed within the liquid storage space. The microfluidic detection assembly of the replaceable pretreatment component further includes a controller. The sealing release portion includes a first heating element, and the controller is electrically connected to the first heating element. The controller is at least used to control the first heating element to heat the sealing film; and / or... The reagent kit has an injection port that extends along the thickness direction of the reagent kit and is connected to the injection area.

[0015] In some embodiments, a first connecting portion is provided in the installation area, and a second connecting portion is provided on the pretreatment component to cooperate with the first connecting portion. The first connecting portion and the second connecting portion cooperate to install the pretreatment component in the installation area.

[0016] In some embodiments, one of the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion is a snap fastener, and the other is a slot.

[0017] In some embodiments, the detection area includes: A buffer chamber, which is connected to the pretreatment area via a first capillary channel; A metering cavity, which is connected to the buffer cavity; A detection chamber, which is connected to the quantitative chamber via a second capillary tube; The second waste liquid chamber is connected to the buffer chamber; In this process, along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip, the distances from the pretreatment area, the buffer cavity, the quantitative cavity, and the detection cavity to the center of the microfluidic detection chip gradually increase. Along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip, the distance from the pretreatment area, the buffer chamber, and the second waste liquid chamber to the center of the microfluidic detection chip gradually increases.

[0018] Unlike related technologies, the pretreatment components in this application include various models, each with different pretreatment areas. These pretreatment areas are detachable and can be selectively installed in the mounting area. This means that when the microfluidic detection component with replaceable pretreatment components extracts nucleic acids using different nucleic acid extraction principles, a pretreatment component matching the nucleic acid extraction principle can be installed on the microfluidic detection chip to extract the nucleic acid without replacing the entire microfluidic detection chip, thus avoiding the cumbersome process of replacing the microfluidic detection chip. For example, when rapid nucleic acid extraction is required, a pretreatment component designed using the magnetic bead method can be installed in the mounting area; conversely, when low-cost nucleic acid extraction is required, a pretreatment component designed using the column chromatography method can be installed in the mounting area. Furthermore, the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components of this application can also be used to adapt to biochemical and immunochemical detection of samples. That is, when biochemical or immunochemical detection is required using the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components, the pretreatment component can be replaced with a pretreatment module specifically designed for biochemical or immunochemical detection. This allows the sample to be separated into plasma and red blood cells within the pretreatment component, facilitating the entry of plasma into the detection area for biochemical or immunochemical detection. In other words, the various pretreatment component designs of this application enable the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components to adapt to more application scenarios, improving its adaptability and flexibility, and giving it multiple functions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, are illustrative and descriptive, serving to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a microfluidic detection assembly with a replaceable pretreatment component disclosed in an embodiment of this application (microfluidic detection chip assembled with the first pretreatment component). Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components disclosed in an embodiment of this application (the microfluidic detection chip is equipped with the second pretreatment component, but the reagent kit is not assembled). Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microfluidic detection chip disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is an assembly cross-sectional view of the microfluidic detection chip and pretreatment component disclosed in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first preprocessing component disclosed in this application; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second preprocessing component disclosed in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the reagent kit disclosed in this application from a first-view perspective; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the reagent kit disclosed in this application from a second-view perspective. Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the microfluidic detection chip and reagent kit assembly disclosed in this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the microfluidic detection chip and cover disclosed in this application.

[0020] The above figures include the following reference numerals: 10. Microfluidic detection chip; 11. Injection area; 12. Detection area; 13. Mounting area; 20. Pretreatment component; 21. Pyrolysis chamber; 22. Transfer chamber; 23. Cleaning and isolation unit; 24. Pneumatic chamber; 25. First capillary channel; 26. Adsorption chamber; 27. Diversion channel; 28. First waste liquid chamber; 29. ​​Second connection part; 30. Reagent kit; 31. Storage space; 32. Sealing part; 33. Sample inlet hole; 40. Cover; 111. Pyrolysis buffer inlet chamber; 112. Cleaning solution inlet chamber; 113. Separation solution inlet chamber; 114. Sealing release part; 115. Overlapping boss ; 121, Buffer chamber; 122, Quantitative chamber; 123, Detection chamber; 124, Second waste liquid chamber; 125, Second capillary tube; 131, First connecting part; 201, First pretreatment component; 202, Second pretreatment component; 231, Isolation chamber; 232, Cleaning chamber; 291, Buckle; 311, First liquid storage chamber; 312, Second liquid storage chamber; 313, Third liquid storage chamber; 321, Sealing membrane; 1141, Puncture element; 1211, Buffer chamber; 1212, Flow chamber; 1231, First chamber; 1232, Second chamber; 1233, Phase change element; 1311, Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0023] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0024] As described in the background section, in related technologies, microfluidic detection components include a microfluidic detection chip and a driving component. The microfluidic detection chip is mounted on the driving component, which drives the microfluidic detection chip to rotate, thereby extracting nucleic acids from the sample within the microfluidic detection chip and ultimately detecting the nucleic acids. In related technologies, the design principle of the pretreatment area on the microfluidic detection chip is usually based on the magnetic bead method or the column method. When rapid nucleic acid detection results are required, a microfluidic detection chip designed using the magnetic bead method is typically used. When low-cost detection is required, a microfluidic detection chip designed using the column method is typically used. When the scenarios for nucleic acid testing are constantly changing, the microfluidic detection chip needs to be frequently installed or removed from the driving component. This means that a single microfluidic detection chip cannot adapt to multiple application scenarios, i.e., the adaptability of microfluidic detection chips is poor.

[0025] To address the problems existing in the relevant technologies, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 10 As shown in the figure, this application provides a microfluidic detection assembly with a replaceable pretreatment component. This microfluidic detection assembly includes a microfluidic detection chip 10 and a pretreatment component 20. The microfluidic detection chip 10 is provided with an injection area 11, an mounting area 13, and a detection area 12. The pretreatment component 20 includes various models, each with a different pretreatment area. These pretreatment areas are detachable and can be selectively installed in the mounting area 13. The pretreatment component 20 is used at least for extracting nucleic acids or separating plasma from a sample. The injection area 11 is connected to the pretreatment area, and the pretreatment area is connected to the detection area 12. Along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip 10, the distances from the injection area 11, the mounting area 13, and the detection area 12 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 increase sequentially.

[0026] In this application, when a microfluidic detection assembly with a replaceable pretreatment component is required to detect nucleic acids, the pretreatment component 20 is first installed in the mounting area 13 of the microfluidic detection chip 10. Then, a sample, reagent, or other solution is injected into the injection area 11 of the microfluidic detection chip 10. Since the distances from the injection area 11, mounting area 13, and detection area 12 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 increase sequentially from the center to the edge, when the microfluidic detection chip 10 rotates, the sample and reagent in the injection area 11 flow to the pretreatment area, allowing the pretreatment component 20 to extract nucleic acids from the sample. The extracted nucleic acids then flow into the detection area 12 under centrifugal force, facilitating nucleic acid detection.

[0027] Unlike related technologies, the pretreatment component 20 in this application includes various models, each with a different pretreatment area. These pretreatment areas are detachable and can be selectively installed in the mounting area 13. This means that when the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components extracts nucleic acids using different nucleic acid extraction principles, a pretreatment component 20 matching the nucleic acid extraction principle can be installed on the microfluidic detection chip 10 to extract nucleic acids without replacing the entire microfluidic detection chip 10, thus avoiding the cumbersome process of replacing the microfluidic detection chip 10. For example, when rapid nucleic acid extraction is required, a pretreatment component 20 designed using the magnetic bead method can be installed in the mounting area 13; conversely, when low-cost nucleic acid extraction is required, a pretreatment component 20 designed using the column chromatography method can be installed in the mounting area 13. Furthermore, the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components of this application can also be used to adapt to biochemical and immunochemical detection of samples. That is, when the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components needs to perform biochemical or immunochemical detection, the pretreatment component 20 can be replaced with a pretreatment module 20 for matching biochemical or immunochemical detection, so that the sample is separated into plasma and red blood cells in the pretreatment component 20, so that the plasma can enter the detection area 12 for biochemical or immunochemical detection. In other words, the design of various models of pretreatment components 20 in this application enables the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components to adapt to more application scenarios, improves the adaptability and flexibility of the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components, and enables the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components to have multiple functions.

[0028] In some embodiments, when the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components is used for biochemical or immunochemical detection of samples, the pretreatment area includes a supernatant chamber (not shown), a sedimentation chamber (not shown), and a waste chamber (not shown). The supernatant chamber is connected to the sedimentation chamber, and the waste chamber is connected to the supernatant chamber. The supernatant chamber is also connected to the detection area 12. When the microfluidic detection chip rotates, the sample in the pretreatment area is separated into plasma and red blood cells under centrifugal force. Red blood cells enter the sedimentation chamber, plasma remains in the supernatant chamber, and excess plasma enters the waste chamber. After centrifugation again, the plasma enters the detection area 12 for biochemical or immunochemical detection.

[0029] In some embodiments, the pretreatment region includes at least a lysis chamber 21 and a transfer chamber 22. The lysis chamber 21 is connected to the injection region 11, the transfer chamber 22 is connected to the lysis chamber 21, and the transfer chamber 22 is connected to the detection region 12 through a first capillary channel 25. The distances from the injection region 11, the lysis chamber 21, the transfer chamber 22, and the detection region 12 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 increase sequentially along the direction from the center to the edge.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pretreatment areas of different models of pretreatment components 20 are all provided with a lysis chamber 21 and a transfer chamber 22. The lysis chamber 21 is mainly used to lyse the sample in the lysis chamber 21 to release the nucleic acid in the sample. The transfer chamber 22 is used to transfer the nucleic acid in the sample to the detection area 12 for nucleic acid detection. In a specific embodiment, when performing nucleic acid detection on the sample, the sample and lysis buffer are first injected into the injection area 11. Then, the microfluidic detection chip 10 is rotated. Since the distances from the injection area 11, the lysis chamber 21, the transfer chamber 22, and the detection area 12 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 increase sequentially from the center to the edge, the sample and lysis buffer in the injection area 11 enter the lysis chamber 21 under the action of centrifugal force. The sample and lysis buffer are mixed evenly, thereby lysing the sample and releasing the nucleic acid. Rotate the microfluidic detection chip 10 again, and the nucleic acid in the lysis chamber 21 enters the transfer chamber 22 and enters the detection area 12 through the first capillary channel 25 for detection.

[0031] In some embodiments, the pretreatment component 20 includes a first pretreatment component 201. The pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component 201 further includes a cleaning and isolation unit 23. The cleaning and isolation unit 23 is connected to the lysis chamber 21 and the transfer chamber 22. The transfer chamber 22 is connected to the injection area 11. A magnetic bead (not shown in the figure) is disposed in the lysis chamber 21. The microfluidic detection assembly of the replaceable pretreatment component further includes a magnetic field component (not shown in the figure). The magnetic field component is used to generate a magnetic field so that the magnetic bead moves from the lysis chamber 21 to the transfer chamber 22 through the cleaning and isolation unit 23.

[0032] Specifically, after the sample is lysed in the lysis chamber 21, the nucleic acids in the sample are adsorbed by the magnetic beads in the lysis chamber 21. At this time, the magnetic field component is activated, causing the magnetic field component to generate a magnetic field, so that the adsorbed magnetic beads can move from the lysis chamber 21 to the transfer chamber 22 through the cleaning and isolation unit 23. When the magnetic beads pass through the cleaning and isolation unit 23, other solutions on the magnetic beads are isolated, and other substances on the magnetic beads are washed away, preventing the magnetic beads from carrying a large amount of other non-detection substances into the transfer chamber 22. Since the transfer chamber 22 is connected to the injection area 11, the separation liquid is injected into the injection area 11 to facilitate the separation liquid entering the transfer chamber 22. In the transfer chamber 22, under the action of the separation liquid, the magnetic beads release the nucleic acids, and then the microfluidic detection chip 10 is rotated, so that the nucleic acids in the transfer chamber 22 enter the detection area 12 through the first capillary channel 25. In this embodiment, the magnetic field component can be an electromagnet. By passing current through the electromagnet, the electromagnet generates a magnetic field, and the magnetic field strength of the electromagnet can be adjusted according to the magnitude of the current passed to the electromagnet. In other words, the pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component 201 in this embodiment is designed using the principle of magnetic bead method. When nucleic acid is extracted using the pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component 201, the extraction efficiency of nucleic acid can be effectively improved.

[0033] In some embodiments, the cleaning and isolation unit 23 includes a cleaning chamber 232 and an isolation chamber 231. Multiple cleaning chambers 232 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip 10 and communicate with the injection region 11. Multiple isolation chambers 231 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip 10 and contain an isolation fluid. An isolation chamber 231 connects adjacent cleaning chambers 232, and at least one isolation chamber 231 is connected to the lysis chamber 21 and the cleaning chamber 232 closest to the lysis chamber 21, and at least one isolation chamber 231 is connected to the transfer chamber 22 and the cleaning chamber 232 closest to the transfer chamber 22.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the cleaning chamber 232 includes two chambers, and the isolation chamber 231 includes three chambers. During the movement of the magnetic beads controlled by the magnetic field component, the magnetic beads first move from the lysis chamber 21 to the isolation chamber 231. Since the isolation chamber 231 contains an isolation liquid, the upper part of the magnetic beads is easily isolated in the lysis chamber 21. Then, the magnetic beads continue to move from the isolation chamber 231 to the cleaning chamber 232, where they are cleaned to leave any impurities that do not need to be detected in the cleaning chamber 232. Subsequently, the magnetic beads move from the cleaning chamber 232 to the isolation chamber 231, where some of the solution on the magnetic beads is isolated. Then, the magnetic beads move to the second cleaning chamber 232 for another cleaning, further reducing the amount of impurities that do not need to be detected on the magnetic beads. Finally, after passing through the third isolation chamber 231, the magnetic beads enter the transfer chamber 22 and release nucleic acid in the transfer chamber 22, so that the nucleic acid can enter the detection area 12 through the first capillary channel 25 under the action of centrifugal force. The configuration of this embodiment significantly reduces non-detectable substances on the magnetic beads entering the transfer chamber 22, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components. Furthermore, in some embodiments, since the cleaning chamber 232 is connected to the injection area 11, when the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components is operating, cleaning fluid is injected into the injection area 11. After the microfluidic detection chip 10 rotates, the cleaning fluid enters each cleaning chamber 232. Additionally, in this embodiment, the cleaning fluid, lysis fluid, and separation fluid are all aqueous solutions, while the isolation fluid is an oil-phase solution. Therefore, when the magnetic beads move from the lysis chamber 21 to the isolation chamber 231, the lysis fluid on the magnetic beads is isolated in the lysis chamber 21; similarly, when the magnetic beads move from the cleaning chamber 232 to the isolation chamber 231, the cleaning fluid on the magnetic beads is isolated in the cleaning chamber 232. Simultaneously, the isolation chamber 231 also prevents the cleaning fluid from mixing with the lysis fluid and the separation fluid. Furthermore, in related technologies, the processes of sample lysis, magnetic bead cleaning, and separation of magnetic beads and nucleic acids are all completed within a single chamber. This can lead to lysis buffer and washing solution residues remaining on the magnetic beads, contaminating the nucleic acids and affecting the detection results. In this embodiment, the design of the washing chamber 232 and the isolation chamber 231, along with the method of controlling the movement of the magnetic beads using a magnetic field component, allows the magnetic beads to traverse multiple isolation chambers 231 and multiple washing chambers 232. This effectively ensures that the magnetic beads ultimately entering the transfer chamber 22 are virtually free of lysis buffer and washing solution, avoiding contamination of the nucleic acids by lysis buffer or washing solution and improving the accuracy of nucleic acid detection results.

[0035] In some embodiments, the pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component 201 further includes a pneumatic cavity 24, which is connected to the first capillary channel 25 and located at the end of the first capillary channel 25 near the transfer cavity 22. In this embodiment, when the microfluidic detection chip 10 is at a high rotation speed, the liquid in the transfer cavity 22 is forced into the pneumatic cavity 24 under high pressure. When the microfluidic detection chip 10 changes from a high rotation speed to a low rotation speed, the liquid in the pneumatic cavity 24 is pushed into the first capillary channel 25 under the action of the pressure difference, ultimately allowing the liquid in the transfer cavity 22 to enter the detection area 12 through the first capillary channel 25. That is, the pneumatic cavity 24 in this embodiment can provide additional power to the liquid in the transfer cavity 22 so that the liquid in the transfer cavity 22 can smoothly enter the detection area 12 through the first capillary channel 25.

[0036] In some embodiments, the pretreatment component 20 includes a second pretreatment component 202. The pretreatment area of ​​the second pretreatment component 202 further includes an adsorption chamber 26. The adsorption chamber 26 is connected between the lysis chamber 21 and the transfer chamber 22. An adsorption membrane is disposed in the adsorption chamber 26. Along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip 10, the distance from the lysis chamber 21, the adsorption chamber 26, and the transfer chamber 22 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 gradually increases.

[0037] Specifically, after the sample is lysed and releases nucleic acids in the lysis chamber 21, the microfluidic detection chip 10 is rotated. Since the distances from the lysis chamber 21, adsorption chamber 26, and transfer chamber 22 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 gradually increase along the direction from the center to the edge, the lysed sample moves to the adsorption chamber 26 under centrifugal force. The adsorption membrane in the adsorption chamber 26 adsorbs the nucleic acids in the sample, and the sample passing through the adsorption chamber 26 is collected. Then, the separation solution is injected into the injection area 11, and the microfluidic detection chip 10 is rotated again. The separation solution in the injection area 11 passes through the lysis chamber 21 into the adsorption chamber 26, eluting the nucleic acids on the adsorption membrane and carrying them into the transfer chamber 22, finally entering the detection area 12 through the transfer chamber 22. That is, the second pretreatment component 202 is designed using the principle of column chromatography. Since the second pretreatment component 202 is used for nucleic acid extraction without the need for a magnetic field component, the cost of nucleic acid extraction can be reduced to a certain extent.

[0038] In some embodiments, the pretreatment area of ​​the second pretreatment component 202 further includes a diversion channel 27 and a first waste liquid chamber 28. The diversion channel 27 is connected to the adsorption chamber 26 and the transfer chamber 22, and is also connected to the adsorption chamber 26 and the first waste liquid chamber 28. The first waste liquid chamber 28 and the transfer chamber 22 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip 10.

[0039] Specifically, the diversion channel 27 is arranged in an inverted "Y" shape, meaning it has three interconnected ports: a first port, a second port, and a third port. The first port connects to the adsorption chamber 26, the second port connects to the first waste liquid chamber 28, and the third port connects to the transfer chamber 22. When the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components is operating, the microfluidic detection chip is first rotated counterclockwise. At this time, the lysed sample enters the adsorption chamber 26, where nucleic acids are adsorbed by the adsorption membrane. The sample flowing through the adsorption chamber 26 then enters the first waste liquid chamber 28 through the diversion channel 27. Next, the separation liquid is injected into the injection area 11, and the microfluidic detection chip is rotated clockwise. Under centrifugal force, the separation liquid enters the lysis chamber 21 from the injection area 11 and then enters the adsorption chamber 26, detaching the nucleic acids from the adsorption membrane. Finally, the separation liquid, carrying the nucleic acids, enters the transfer chamber 22 through the separation channel. The configuration of this embodiment is such that by changing the rotation direction of the microfluidic detection chip 10, the lysis solution and the separation solution can enter different chambers, thus avoiding mixing of the lysis solution and the separation solution.

[0040] In other words, by changing the centrifugal direction, the balance between the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force is adjusted, allowing the liquid to enter the first waste liquid chamber 28 or the transfer chamber 22. The centrifugal force received by the liquid under the centrifugal field is: fw = ρ * w 2 *r, the direction of centrifugal force is from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip 10. When the liquid is subjected to centrifugal force, if the liquid has a velocity along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip 10, it will also be subjected to Coriolis force, the direction of which is opposite to the rotation direction of the microfluidic detection chip 10. The Coriolis force is: fc = 2ρ*w*u, where u represents the flow velocity along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip 10. The ratio of centrifugal force to Coriolis force is: fc / fw = (ρ*Δx) ... / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / fw) / fw = (ρ*Δx / 2 *w) / (4*η). Where Δx is the width of the separation channel, w is the rotational speed of the microfluidic detection chip 10, η is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid, and ρ is the liquid density. For a specific design and processing flow, the width Δx of the separation channel is a constant, and the liquid properties ρ and η are also constants. Therefore, the ratio of the Coriolis force fc to the centrifugal force fw depends only on the rotational speed w. When the Coriolis force fc > fw, the Coriolis force dominates; when the rotational speed w is greater than a certain threshold rotational speed w... * At that time, the Coriolis force completely dominates, and all the liquid flows out from one side of the channel.

[0041] In some embodiments, the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components further includes a reagent kit 30, which is detachably mounted in the injection region 11. The reagent kit 30 has a reservoir space 31 and a sealing portion 32 for sealing the reservoir space 31. A sealing release portion 114 is provided in the injection region 11 to release the sealing portion 32, allowing liquid in the reservoir space 31 to flow into the injection region 11. That is, when reagents or other solutions need to be added to the injection region 11, the sealing release portion 114 can act on the sealing portion 32, thereby opening the reservoir space 31 to allow reagents or other solutions to flow into the injection region 11.

[0042] In some embodiments, the liquid storage space 31 includes at least a first liquid storage chamber 311, a second liquid storage chamber 312, and a third liquid storage chamber 313. The reagent kit 30 has a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening on the side near the microfluidic detection chip 10. The first opening communicates with the first liquid storage chamber 311, the second opening communicates with the second liquid storage chamber 312, and the third opening communicates with the third liquid storage chamber 313. The sealing part 32 is sealed in the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening. The injection area 11 includes at least a pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber 111, a cleaning fluid inlet chamber 112, and a separation fluid inlet chamber 113. The pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber 111, the cleaning fluid inlet chamber 112, and the separation fluid inlet chamber 113 are all connected to the pretreatment area. The pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber 111 is connected to the first storage chamber 311 through a first opening, the cleaning fluid inlet chamber 112 is connected to the second storage chamber 312 through a second opening, and the separation fluid inlet chamber 113 is connected to the third storage chamber 313 through a third opening. The sealing release part 114 is provided at least in the pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber 111, the cleaning fluid inlet chamber 112, and the separation fluid inlet chamber 113.

[0043] Specifically, the first storage chamber 311 stores pyrolysis fluid. When the seal 32 on the first opening is released, the pyrolysis fluid in the first storage chamber 311 can enter the pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber 111 through the first opening. The second storage chamber 312 stores cleaning fluid. When the seal 32 on the second opening is released, the cleaning fluid in the second storage chamber 312 can enter the cleaning fluid inlet chamber 112 through the second opening. The third storage chamber 313 stores separation fluid. When the seal 32 on the third opening is released, the separation fluid can enter the separation fluid inlet chamber 113 through the third opening. In some specific embodiments, when the first pretreatment component 201 is installed on the microfluidic detection chip 10, the sealing release part 114 acts on the sealing part 32 to release the seals 32 on the first, second, and third openings, allowing the pyrolysis fluid to enter the pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber 111, the cleaning fluid to enter the cleaning fluid inlet chamber 112, and the separation fluid to enter the separation fluid inlet chamber 113. After the microfluidic detection chip 10 is rotated, the lysis buffer in the lysis buffer inlet chamber 111 enters the lysis chamber 21, the washing buffer in the washing buffer inlet chamber 112 enters the washing chamber 232, and the separation buffer in the separation buffer inlet chamber 113 enters the transfer chamber 22. When the second pretreatment component 202 is installed on the microfluidic detection chip 10, the microfluidic detection chip 10 is first rotated counterclockwise. At this time, the sealing release part 114 releases the sealing part 32 on the first opening, and the lysis buffer enters the lysis chamber 21 through the lysis buffer inlet chamber 111, lysing the sample and releasing nucleic acids. Subsequently, the sealing release section 114 releases the seal 32 on the second opening, allowing the cleaning solution to enter the lysis chamber 21 through the cleaning solution inlet chamber 112. When the cleaning solution flows through the adsorption chamber 26, it cleans both the adsorption chamber 26 and the lysis chamber 21, preventing excessive impurities from remaining on the lysis chamber 21, adsorption chamber 26, and adsorption membrane. Finally, the lysis solution, cleaning solution, and excess sample enter the first waste liquid chamber 28. Afterward, the microfluidic detection chip 10 is controlled to rotate clockwise, and simultaneously, the sealing release section 114 releases the seal 32 on the third opening. The separation solution enters the lysis chamber 21 through the separation solution inlet chamber 113 and flows through the adsorption membrane to carry away the nucleic acid on the adsorption membrane, ultimately flowing into the transfer chamber 22.

[0044] In some embodiments, the sealing portion 32 includes a sealing film 321, which is sealed in the liquid storage space 31. The sealing release portion 114 includes a puncture member 1141, which is configured to automatically puncture the sealing film 321 when the kit 30 is installed in the injection area 11 to open the liquid storage space 31.

[0045] Specifically, "the puncture element 1141 is configured to automatically puncture the sealing membrane when the reagent kit 30 is installed in the injection area 11" means that during the process of installing the reagent kit 30 in the injection area 11, after pressure is applied to the reagent kit 30, the sealing membrane 321 will be subjected to the action of the puncture element 1141 and eventually rupture, thereby releasing the liquid in the storage space. The design of this embodiment facilitates the rapid release of liquid from the reagent kit 30, has a simple structure, and low manufacturing cost.

[0046] In some embodiments, the sealing part 32 includes a sealing film 321, which is sealed in the liquid storage space 31. The microfluidic detection assembly of the replaceable pretreatment component also includes a controller (not shown in the figure). The sealing release part 114 includes a first heating element (not shown in the figure), and the controller is electrically connected to the first heating element. The controller is at least used to control the first heating element to heat the sealing film 321.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first heating element can be a laser. The controller can control the laser to emit laser light as needed, causing the sealing film 321 to rupture, thereby opening the first, second, or third opening as required. This embodiment is designed to adapt to the nucleic acid extraction process of the second pretreatment component 20. Of course, a puncture element 1141 and the first heating element can be set in the injection area 11 at the same time. For example, the seal release part 114 corresponding to the sealing part 32 on the first opening can be set as the puncture element 1141, and the seal release parts 114 corresponding to the sealing parts 32 on the second and third openings can both be set as the first heating element. Such a setting can reduce the manufacturing cost of the microfluidic detection component with replaceable pretreatment components to a certain extent.

[0048] In some embodiments, at least one of the bottoms of the lysis buffer inlet chamber 111, the washing buffer inlet chamber 112, and the separation buffer inlet chamber 113 is provided with an overlapping boss 115. The overlapping boss 115 extends along the thickness direction of the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components, and the kit 30 overlaps with the overlapping boss 115.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, overlapping protrusions 115 are provided in the pyrolysis liquid inlet chamber 111, the cleaning liquid inlet chamber 112, and the separation liquid inlet chamber 113. When the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening are open, there are gaps between the first opening and the pyrolysis liquid inlet chamber 111, the second opening and the cleaning liquid inlet chamber 112, and the third opening and the separation liquid inlet chamber 113, so that the pyrolysis liquid can flow into the pyrolysis liquid inlet chamber 111, the cleaning liquid can flow into the cleaning liquid inlet chamber 112, and the separation liquid can flow into the separation liquid inlet chamber 113.

[0050] In some embodiments, the reagent kit 30 has an injection port 33 that extends along the thickness direction of the reagent kit 30 and is connected to the injection area 11.

[0051] Specifically, the sample inlet 33 is connected to the lysis buffer inlet chamber 111, so that the sample can be lysed by the lysis buffer inlet chamber 111. In addition, the kit 30 is provided with a sealing cap, which is detachably placed on the sample inlet 33. That is, when sample injection is required, the sealing cap needs to be removed from the kit 30 to open the sample inlet 33. When sample injection is not required, the sealing cap is placed on the sample inlet 33 to prevent external water stains or impurities from entering the lysis buffer inlet chamber 111 through the sample inlet 33 and contaminating the sample.

[0052] In some embodiments, a first connecting portion 131 is provided in the mounting area 13, and a second connecting portion 29 is provided on the pretreatment component 20 to cooperate with the first connecting portion 131. The first connecting portion 131 and the second connecting portion 29 cooperate to allow the pretreatment component 20 to be mounted in the mounting area 13. That is, the provision of the first connecting portion 131 and the second connecting portion 29 improves the connection reliability between the microfluidic detection chip 10 and the pretreatment component 20, preventing the connection stability between the pretreatment component 20 and the microfluidic detection chip 10 from being low during rotation, thus avoiding the pretreatment component 20 detaching from the microfluidic detection chip 10 under centrifugal force. In some embodiments, one of the first connecting portion 131 and the second connecting portion 29 is a snap-fit ​​291, and the other is a slot 1311. In a specific embodiment, the pretreatment component 20 is provided with a snap-fit ​​291, and the mounting area 13 is provided with a slot 1311.

[0053] In some embodiments, the detection region 12 includes a buffer chamber 121, a metering chamber 122, a detection chamber 123, and a second waste liquid chamber 124. The buffer chamber 121 is connected to the pretreatment region via a first capillary channel 25. The metering chamber 122 is connected to the buffer chamber 121, and the detection chamber 123 is connected to the metering chamber 122 via a second capillary channel 125. The second waste liquid chamber 124 is connected to the buffer chamber 121. The distances from the pretreatment region, buffer chamber 121, metering chamber 122, and detection chamber 123 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 gradually increase along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip 10. The distances from the pretreatment region, buffer chamber 121, and second waste liquid chamber 124 to the center of the microfluidic detection chip 10 gradually increase along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip 10.

[0054] Specifically, the buffer chamber 121 includes a buffer chamber 1211 and a flow chamber 1212 that are interconnected. The buffer chamber 1211 is connected to the first capillary channel 25, and the flow chamber 1212 is connected to the metering chamber 122 and the second waste liquid chamber 124. The buffer chamber 1211 is used to buffer the liquid flowing out of the first capillary channel 25, thereby reducing the flow rate of the liquid flowing into the flow chamber 1212. The flow chamber 1212 is used to transport the liquid in the buffer chamber 1211 to the metering chamber 122 and the second waste liquid chamber 124. The metering chamber 122 is used to measure a fixed volume of liquid so that the fixed volume of liquid can enter the detection chamber 123 through the second capillary tube 125. In addition, there are multiple detection chambers 123, multiple quantitative chambers 122 and multiple second capillary tubes 125. The multiple detection chambers 123, multiple quantitative chambers 122 and multiple second capillary tubes 125 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and each detection chamber 123 is equipped with different reaction reagents, so as to perform multiple different detections of nucleic acids at the same time.

[0055] In some embodiments, a phase change element 1233 is disposed within the detection chamber 123, dividing the detection chamber 123 into a first chamber 1231 and a second chamber 1232. The first chamber 1231 is connected to a second capillary 125, and the second chamber 1232 contains a reaction reagent. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components also includes a second heating element (not shown in the figure), which heats the phase change element 1233 to cause a phase change, thereby connecting the first chamber 1231 and the second chamber 1232. Specifically, the phase change element 1233 becomes a liquid phase after being heated by the second heating element, thus connecting the first chamber 1231 and the second chamber 1232. When the temperature of the phase change element 1233 decreases, it changes from a liquid phase to a solid phase, separating the first chamber 1231 and the second chamber 1232. Simultaneously, after the nucleic acid enters the second chamber 1232, the phase change element 1233 changes from the liquid phase to the solid phase, thereby separating the first chamber 1231 and the second chamber 1232, preventing the nucleic acid in the second chamber 1232 from causing aerosol contamination to the microfluidic detection chip 10 during the amplification process. In some embodiments, the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components further includes a cover 40, which covers the microfluidic detection chip 10 and the pretreatment component 20.

[0056] In this application, when the first pretreatment component 201 is mounted on the microfluidic detection chip 10, the operation process of the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components is as follows: Step 1: First, install the reagent kit 30 in the injection area 11 and open the sealing cap on the injection port 33. Inject the sample into the lysis buffer injection chamber 111 through the injection port 33. Then, control the first heating element to heat the sealing film 321 on the first opening, so that the lysis buffer in the first reservoir 311 enters the lysis buffer injection chamber 111. Simultaneously, control the first heating element to heat the sealing film 321 on the second opening, so that the washing solution in the second reservoir 312 enters the washing solution injection chamber 112. At the same time, control the first heating element to heat the sealing film 321 on the third opening, so that the separation solution in the third reservoir 313 enters the separation solution injection chamber 113.

[0057] Step 2: Control the microfluidic detection chip 10 to rotate. At this time, the rotation speed is 1500 rpm. The sample and lysis solution enter the lysis chamber 21 under the action of centrifugal force, the washing solution enters the washing chamber 232 under the action of centrifugal force, and the separation solution enters the transfer chamber 22 under the action of centrifugal force.

[0058] Step 3: Turn on the magnetic field component to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic beads adsorbed with nucleic acid pass through the lysis chamber 21, isolation chamber 231, washing chamber 232, isolation chamber 231, washing chamber 232 and isolation chamber 231 in sequence under the action of the magnetic field force, and finally enter the transfer chamber 22. Under the action of the separation liquid, the nucleic acid is detached from the magnetic beads.

[0059] Step 4: Rotate the microfluidic detection chip 10 again. This time, control the rotation speed of the microfluidic detection chip 10 to 3000 rpm. The separation liquid containing nucleic acid is compressed into the pneumatic cavity 24. Then, control the microfluidic detection chip 10 to rotate at a speed of 800 rpm. The separation liquid in the pneumatic cavity 24 is pushed into the first capillary channel 25 and enters the buffer cavity 121. Part of the separation liquid enters each quantitative cavity 122, and part of the separation liquid enters the second waste liquid cavity 124.

[0060] Step 5: Increase the rotation speed of the microfluidic detection chip 10 to 3000 rpm, and the separation liquid in the quantitative chamber 122 enters the first chamber 1231 through the second capillary channel.

[0061] Step 6: Control the second heating element to heat the phase change element 1233 so that the first chamber 1231 and the second chamber 1232 are connected. The separation liquid enters the second chamber 1232 and reacts with the reaction reagent in the detection chamber 123 to facilitate subsequent nucleic acid detection.

[0062] In this application, when the second pretreatment component 202 is installed on the microfluidic detection chip 10, the operation process of the microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment component is as follows: Step 1: First, install the reagent kit 30 in the injection area 11 and open the sealing cap on the injection port 33. Inject the sample into the lysis buffer injection chamber 111 through the injection port 33. Then, control the first heating element to heat the sealing film 321 on the first opening so that the lysis buffer in the first reservoir 311 enters the lysis buffer injection chamber 111.

[0063] Step 2: Control the microfluidic detection chip 10 to rotate counterclockwise at a speed of 5000 rpm. At this time, the lysis buffer and sample enter the lysis chamber 21 and flow into the adsorption chamber 26. The nucleic acid in the sample is adsorbed by the adsorption membrane, and the remaining liquid flows into the first waste liquid chamber 28 and is collected.

[0064] Step 3: Control the heating element to heat the sealing film 321 on the second opening so that the cleaning liquid enters the pyrolysis chamber 21 through the cleaning liquid inlet chamber 112 to clean the pyrolysis chamber 21, the adsorption chamber 26 and the adsorption film. The cleaning liquid after cleaning enters the first waste liquid chamber 28 and is collected.

[0065] Step 4: Control the microfluidic detection chip 10 to rotate clockwise at a speed of 5000 rpm. At the same time, control the heating element to heat the sealing film 321 on the third opening so that the separation liquid enters the lysis chamber 21 through the separation liquid inlet chamber 113. When the separation liquid acts on the adsorption chamber 26, the separation liquid causes the nucleic acid on the adsorption membrane to separate from the adsorption membrane. Then the separation liquid carries the nucleic acid into the transfer chamber 22.

[0066] Step 5: Rotate the microfluidic detection chip 10 again. At this time, control the rotation speed of the microfluidic detection chip 10 to 3000 rpm. The separation liquid containing nucleic acid enters the first capillary channel 25 under the action of centrifugal force and enters the buffer chamber 121. Part of the separation liquid enters each quantitative chamber 122, and part of the separation liquid enters the second waste liquid chamber 124.

[0067] Step 6: Increase the rotation speed of the microfluidic detection chip 10 to 3000 rpm, and the separation liquid in the quantitative chamber 122 enters the first chamber 1231 through the second capillary channel.

[0068] Step 7: Control the second heating element to heat the phase change element 1233 so that the first chamber 1231 and the second chamber 1232 are connected. The separation liquid enters the second chamber 1232 and reacts with the reaction reagent in the detection chamber 123 to facilitate subsequent nucleic acid detection.

[0069] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0070] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0071] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components, characterized in that, include: A microfluidic detection chip (10) is provided with an injection area (11), an installation area (13) and a detection area (12). The pretreatment component (20) includes a variety of different models. The different models of the pretreatment component (20) are provided with different pretreatment areas. The pretreatment areas of the different models are detachable and can be selectively installed in the installation area (13). The pretreatment component (20) is used at least for extracting nucleic acids or separating plasma from samples. The injection area (11) is connected to the pretreatment area, the pretreatment area is connected to the detection area (12), and the distances from the injection area (11), the installation area (13), and the detection area (12) to the center of the microfluidic detection chip (10) increase sequentially along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip (10).

2. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing region includes at least: The pyrolysis chamber (21) is connected to the injection area (11); The transfer chamber (22) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (21), and the transfer chamber (22) is connected to the detection area (12) through the first capillary channel (25); Among them, along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip (10), the distances from the injection area (11), the lysis chamber (21), the transfer chamber (22) and the detection area (12) to the center of the microfluidic detection chip (10) increase sequentially.

3. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pretreatment component (20) includes a first pretreatment component (201), the pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component (201) further includes a cleaning and isolation unit (23), the cleaning and isolation unit (23) is connected to the lysis chamber (21) and the transfer chamber (22), the lysis chamber (21) is provided with magnetic beads, the transfer chamber (22) is connected to the injection area (11), the microfluidic detection assembly of the replaceable pretreatment component further includes a magnetic field component, the magnetic field component is used to generate a magnetic field so that the magnetic beads are moved from the lysis chamber (21) to the transfer chamber (22) through the cleaning and isolation unit (23); and / or, The pretreatment component (20) includes a second pretreatment component (202), and the pretreatment area of ​​the second pretreatment component (202) further includes an adsorption chamber (26). The adsorption chamber (26) is connected between the pyrolysis chamber (21) and the transfer chamber (22). An adsorption membrane is provided in the adsorption chamber (26). Along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip (10), the distance from the pyrolysis chamber (21), the adsorption chamber (26), and the transfer chamber (22) to the center of the microfluidic detection chip (10) gradually increases.

4. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cleaning and isolation unit (23) includes: The cleaning chamber (232) includes multiple cleaning chambers (232), which are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip (10). The cleaning chamber (232) is connected to the injection area (11). The isolation chamber (231) includes multiple isolation chambers (231), which are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip (10), and the isolation chamber (231) is filled with isolation liquid; Among them, an isolation chamber (231) is connected between two adjacent cleaning chambers (232), and at least one isolation chamber (231) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber (21) and the cleaning chamber (232) closest to the pyrolysis chamber (21). At least one isolation chamber (231) is connected to the transfer chamber (22) and the cleaning chamber (232) closest to the transfer chamber (22).

5. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pretreatment area of ​​the first pretreatment component (201) further includes a pneumatic cavity (24), which is connected to the first capillary channel (25) and is located at one end of the first capillary channel (25) near the transfer cavity (22).

6. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pretreatment area of ​​the second pretreatment component (202) further includes a diversion channel (27) and a first waste liquid chamber (28). The diversion channel (27) is connected to the adsorption chamber (26) and the transfer chamber (22), and is also connected to the adsorption chamber (26) and the first waste liquid chamber (28). The first waste liquid chamber (28) and the transfer chamber (22) are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the microfluidic detection chip (10).

7. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components also includes a reagent kit (30), which is detachably installed in the injection area (11). The reagent kit (30) has a reservoir space (31) and a sealing part (32) on the reagent kit (30) for sealing the reservoir space (31). The injection area (11) is provided with a sealing release part (114), which is used to release the sealing part (32) so that the liquid in the storage space (31) flows into the injection area (11).

8. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 7, characterized in that, The liquid storage space (31) includes at least a first liquid storage chamber (311), a second liquid storage chamber (312), and a third liquid storage chamber (313). The reagent kit (30) has a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening on the side near the microfluidic detection chip (10). The first opening communicates with the first liquid storage chamber (311), the second opening communicates with the second liquid storage chamber (312), and the third opening communicates with the third liquid storage chamber (313). The sealing part (32) is sealed in the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening. The injection area (11) includes at least a pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber (111), a cleaning fluid inlet chamber (112), and a separation fluid inlet chamber (113). The pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber (111), the cleaning fluid inlet chamber (112), and the separation fluid inlet chamber (113) are all connected to the pretreatment area. The pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber (111) is connected to the first storage chamber (311) through the first opening. The cleaning fluid inlet chamber (112) is connected to the second storage chamber (312) through the second opening. The separation fluid inlet chamber (113) is connected to the third storage chamber (313) through the third opening. The sealing release part (114) is provided at least in the pyrolysis fluid inlet chamber (111), the cleaning fluid inlet chamber (112), and the separation fluid inlet chamber (113).

9. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least one of the bottoms of the lysis fluid inlet chamber (111), the cleaning fluid inlet chamber (112), and the separation fluid inlet chamber (113) is provided with an overlapping boss (115), the overlapping boss (115) extends along the thickness direction of the microfluidic detection component of the replaceable pretreatment component, and the reagent kit (30) overlaps the overlapping boss (115).

10. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sealing portion (32) includes a sealing film (321) that is sealed in the liquid storage space (31). The sealing release portion (114) includes a puncture member (1141) configured to automatically puncture the sealing film (321) when the kit (30) is installed in the injection area (11) to open the liquid storage space (31); and / or, The sealing part (32) includes a sealing film (321), which is sealed in the liquid storage space (31). The microfluidic detection assembly of the replaceable pretreatment component also includes a controller. The sealing release part (114) includes a first heating element, and the controller is electrically connected to the first heating element. The controller is at least used to control the first heating element to heat the sealing film (321); and / or, The reagent kit (30) has an injection port (33) which extends along the thickness direction of the reagent kit (30) and is connected to the injection area (11).

11. The microfluidic detection assembly with a replaceable pretreatment component according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A first connecting part (131) is provided in the installation area (13), and a second connecting part (29) is provided on the pre-processing component (20) to cooperate with the first connecting part (131). The first connecting part (131) and the second connecting part (29) cooperate to install the pre-processing component (20) in the installation area (13).

12. The microfluidic detection assembly with replaceable pretreatment components according to claim 11, characterized in that, One of the first connecting part (131) and the second connecting part (29) is a buckle (291), and the other is a slot (1311).

13. The microfluidic detection assembly with a replaceable pretreatment component according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The detection area (12) includes: A buffer chamber (121) is connected to the pretreatment area through a first capillary channel (25); A metering chamber (122) is connected to the buffer chamber (121); The detection chamber (123) is connected to the quantitative chamber (122) through a second capillary tube (125); The second waste liquid chamber (124) is connected to the buffer chamber (121); In particular, along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip (10), the distances from the pretreatment area, the buffer cavity (121), the quantitative cavity (122), and the detection cavity (123) to the center of the microfluidic detection chip (10) gradually increase; Along the direction from the center to the edge of the microfluidic detection chip (10), the distance from the pretreatment area, the buffer cavity (121), and the second waste liquid cavity (124) to the center of the microfluidic detection chip (10) gradually increases.

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