Horizontal lathe provided with self-locking positioning structure and used for machining cutting blade

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal lathe provided with a self-locking positioning structure and used for machining a cutting blade, and relates to the technical field of lathe equipment. Clamping rods distributed at equal angles are driven by a motor to synchronously move in the direction of the blade, the clamping rods close to the side edge of the blade make contact with the two sides of the blade firstly, and after clamping is completed, the clamping rods automatically stop moving; the clamping rod which is not in contact with the blade continues to be pushed till the blade is completely clamped in place, in the process, the telescopic clamping block can stretch out and limit the clamping rod in a one-way mode, it is ensured that the clamping rod can only move towards the blade and cannot return backwards, and it is ensured that the clamping rod is in a locked state immediately after clamping the blade; compared with the prior art, the blade clamping device has the advantages that the blade cannot be loosened in the machining process, so that the irregular-shaped blade can be comprehensively and stably clamped without manual intervention, the whole clamping process can be completed only by controlling one motor, and compared with the prior art, the blade clamping device has the advantages of higher flexibility, operation simplicity and convenience and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lathe equipment technology, specifically to a horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure. Background Technology

[0002] A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts is a metal cutting machine tool specifically designed for machining cutting inserts (such as turning tools and milling cutters). Its spindle is arranged horizontally, and high-precision machining of the inserts is achieved through workpiece rotation and tool feed. These lathes typically feature high rigidity, high precision, and automation, and are suitable for precision machining of complex geometries such as insert body, cutting edge, and groove shape.

[0003] Most horizontal lathes use threaded rods to adjust the position of the cutting tool to meet the machining needs of different directions and positions. Some existing horizontal lathes use locking components to control the automatic locking of the entire adjusting component after it is in a fixed position, preventing the threaded sleeve from rotating and shifting due to the vibration of the lathe. The simple self-locking is achieved by using the threaded transmission method itself, and the position is fixed by using gear locking. The double-layer locking improves the stability of the entire machining process.

[0004] The horizontal lathe mentioned above can avoid the self-rotation displacement of the adjusting parts when the lathe vibrates. However, how to adaptively and stably clamp irregularly shaped cutting inserts (such as trapezoidal inserts) is a problem faced by this equipment. 1. Manually tightening the clamping rods one by one according to the shape and size of the blade is difficult and strenuous due to the high capacity and speed of the automated production line. 2. Multiple electric actuators are used to control the clamping rods to clamp the blades. This can clamp blades with irregular shapes and sizes. However, the synchronization of the electric actuators depends on the control algorithm. When facing the clamping requirements of blades of different sizes, the actuator parameters need to be reprogrammed or changed, resulting in low adjustment flexibility.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention addresses the problem of overly simplistic solutions in existing technologies by providing a significantly different solution. Specifically, the present invention aims to provide a horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure, thereby solving the problem mentioned in the background: the inability to adaptively clamp irregularly shaped cutting inserts.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure, comprising a lathe base, a machining mechanism and an adjustment mechanism disposed on the lathe base, and a fixed table disposed on the adjustment mechanism, and further comprising: A fixed disc attached to the top of the fixed platform; A limiting frame and a connecting disc located at the center of the fixed disk, which are fixed at equal angles on the inner wall of the fixed disk. A clamping mechanism that is fitted onto a limiting frame and is adaptively locked and positioned based on the blade shape; A drive disc that slides inside a fixed disc to drive the clamping mechanism to lock and release; A limiting mechanism installed inside the limiting frame for a one-way locking clamping mechanism; A lifting mechanism located inside the connecting disc for driving the limit component to lock in one direction; The clamping mechanism includes a clamping rod sleeved on the limiting frame for clamping the blade; The limiting mechanism includes a telescopic locking block for unidirectional positioning of the clamping rod; The lifting mechanism includes a guide tube for driving the extension and retraction of the limit mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting disc is fixedly connected to the limiting frame; The bottom of the fixed platform is fixedly mounted with a motor by a bracket; A through slot is provided at the center of the drive disk, and the rotating shaft of the motor passes through the fixed platform and extends into the interior of the through slot. The rotating shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the through slot, and the rotating shaft of the motor is rotatably connected to the fixed platform.

[0009] Preferably, the surface of the drive disk is provided with drive tracks at equal angles; The drive slide has an arc-shaped structure.

[0010] Preferably, the clamping mechanism further includes a second spring fixed inside the clamping rod; A drive rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second spring; The bottom of the drive rod extends into the interior of the drive slide; The bottom of the drive rod has a hemispherical structure, and the bottom of the drive rod is equipped with ball bearings.

[0011] Preferably, the limiting mechanism further includes a telescopic cavity formed inside the limiting frame and a channel formed on the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; A third spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; A movable plate is fixedly connected to one end of the third spring; The movable plate has grooves evenly distributed on one side, and the inner wall of the grooves is slidably sleeved with the telescopic block. One end of the telescopic block is fixed with a return spring, and the return spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove. One end of the movable plate is an inclined plane.

[0012] Preferably, one side of the telescopic block is an inclined surface; The outer wall of the clamping rod is provided with a positioning groove.

[0013] Preferably, a fourth spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; One end of the fourth spring is fixedly connected to a drive plate; A connecting plate is fixedly connected to one side of the drive board; One end of the connecting plate passes through the telescopic cavity and extends into the interior of the connecting disc; The connecting plate is slidably connected to both the telescopic cavity and the connecting disc; The end of the connecting plate that extends into the interior of the connecting disk is arc-shaped; A limiting plate is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting plate that extends into the interior of the connecting disk; A drive column is fixedly installed at the other end of the drive board.

[0014] Preferably, the lifting mechanism further includes a telescopic rod fixed to the motor's rotating shaft; A lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod; A guide rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting cylinder; The inner wall of the connecting disc is provided with a guide slide; The guide slide is inclined; The guide rod is slidably connected to the guide slide.

[0015] Preferably, the outer wall of the lifting cylinder is uniformly provided with slots; A connecting spring is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting cylinder, and the top of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide cylinder. The inner wall of the guide cylinder is provided with a connecting groove, and a metal spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove. One end of the metal spring is fixedly connected to a retaining bead; The bead passes through the connecting groove and extends into the interior of the groove.

[0016] Preferably, the lifting mechanism further includes a first spring fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lifting cylinder and a reset block fixed to the top of the motor rotating shaft; The outer wall of the reset block is provided with a guide groove; The inner wall of the guide groove is inclined. A guide plate is fixedly connected to one end of the first spring; A reset rod is fixedly connected to one side of the guide plate; One end of the reset rod extends into the inside of the slot and is slidably connected to the lifting cylinder; A guide block is fixedly connected to the other side of the guide plate; The guide block extends into the interior of the guide groove.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention uses a motor to drive clamping rods distributed at equal angles to move synchronously towards the blade. The clamping rods closest to the blade side contact both sides of the blade first and automatically stop moving after clamping. The clamping rods that have not yet contacted the blade continue to advance until they are fully clamped. During this process, a telescopic block extends and limits the clamping rods in one direction, ensuring that the clamping rods can only move towards the blade and cannot move backward. This ensures that the clamping rods are immediately locked after clamping the blade, and the blade will not loosen during processing. Therefore, it can achieve full and stable clamping of irregularly shaped blades without manual intervention. This design only requires the operation of one motor to complete the entire clamping process, which significantly reduces the labor intensity and frequency of operation for workers. At the same time, it can flexibly adapt to different shaped blades (such as round blades, trapezoidal blades, etc.), and has the advantages of higher flexibility and ease of operation compared with the prior art.

[0018] 2. In addition, the present invention uses a motor to drive clamping rods that are distributed at equal angles to move synchronously toward the blade. When the blade is irregularly shaped, the clamping rods near the side of the blade will contact the blade first and generate a thrust, pushing the blade toward the symmetrically distributed clamping rods. Subsequently, the symmetrically distributed clamping rods will clamp the two sides of the blade. This process not only realizes the automatic centering and alignment of the blade, but also ensures the stability and consistency of the blade during the processing, effectively avoiding processing errors and vibrations caused by blade eccentricity. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention before the blade is clamped.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure for clamping the blade according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention before the blade is clamped.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the blade clamping mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed platform and clamping mechanism in this invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the fixed platform in this invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motor and drive disk in this invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a partial structural diagram of the motor rotating shaft in this invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connecting disk in this invention.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a planar sectional view of the lifting cylinder, guide cylinder, and connecting disc in this invention.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the motor rotating shaft driving the lifting cylinder to rotate in this invention.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure before the connecting plate drives the moving plate to move in this invention.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a dynamic schematic diagram of the moving plate driven by the connecting plate in this invention.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a top sectional view of the movable plate in this invention.

[0035] Figure 17 This is a top sectional view of the limiting frame in this invention.

[0036] Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the clamping rod in this invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Lathe base; 2. Machining mechanism; 3. Adjustment mechanism; 4. Fixed table; 5. Motor; 51. Drive disc; 52. Drive slide; 6. Telescopic rod; 61. Lifting cylinder; 62. Slot; 63. Guide cylinder; 64. Metal spring; 65. Clamping ball; 66. Guide rod; 67. Guide slide; 7. Reset block; 71. Guide groove; 72. Reset rod; 73. Guide plate; 74. First spring; 75. Guide block; 8. Fixed disc; 9. Limiting frame; 91. Clamping rod; 92. Second spring; 93. Drive rod; 94. Positioning groove; 95. Third spring; 96. Moving plate; 97. Telescopic block; 10. Drive plate; 101. Fourth spring; 102. Connecting plate; 103. Limiting plate; 11. Connecting disc. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Please see Figures 1 to 18 The present invention provides a technical solution: a horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure, comprising a lathe base 1, a machining mechanism 2 and an adjusting mechanism 3 disposed on the lathe base 1, and a fixed table 4 disposed on the adjusting mechanism 3, and further comprising: Fixed disc 8 is fixed to the top of the fixed platform 4; The limiting frames 9 are fixedly distributed at equal angles on the inner wall of the fixed disk 8 and the connecting disk 11 is set at the center of the fixed disk 8; A clamping mechanism based on the blade shape adaptive locking and positioning, fitted onto the limiting frame 9; A drive disc 51 that slides inside the fixed disc 8 to drive the clamping mechanism to lock and release; A limiting mechanism for a one-way locking clamping mechanism is set inside the limiting frame 9; A lifting mechanism is installed inside the connecting disc 11 to drive the limit component to lock in one direction. The clamping mechanism includes a clamping rod 91 sleeved on the limiting frame 9 for clamping the blade; The limiting mechanism includes a telescopic locking block 97 for unidirectional positioning clamping rod 91; The lifting mechanism includes a guide cylinder 63 for driving the extension and retraction of the limit mechanism.

[0040] In practice, the lathe base 1, machining mechanism 2 and adjustment mechanism 3 are all existing devices and will not be explained in detail here. The lathe base 1, together with the adjustment mechanism 3, can adjust the position and angle of the fixed table 4. Therefore, after the clamping mechanism clamps the cutting tool, the angle and position of the cutting tool can be adjusted by the adjustment mechanism 3, so that the machining mechanism 2 can process the cutting tool.

[0041] The connecting disc 11 is fixedly connected to the limiting frame 9; The bottom of the fixed platform 4 is fixedly mounted with a motor 5 by a bracket; A through slot is provided at the center of the drive disk 51, and the rotating shaft of the motor 5 passes through the fixed platform 4 and extends into the inside of the through slot; The rotating shaft of motor 5 is fixedly connected to the through slot, and the rotating shaft of motor 5 is rotatably connected to the fixed platform 4.

[0042] In practice, starting motor 5 causes the output shaft of motor 5 to rotate, which in turn drives drive disk 51 to rotate.

[0043] refer to Figure 18 The clamping mechanism also includes a second spring 92 fixed inside the clamping rod 91; The bottom of the second spring 92 is fixedly connected to a drive rod 93; The bottom of the drive rod 93 extends into the interior of the drive slide 52; The bottom of the drive rod 93 has a hemispherical structure, and the bottom of the drive rod 93 is equipped with ball bearings.

[0044] In specific implementation, when the motor 5 rotates the drive disk 51, the drive rod 93 moves along with the drive disk 51 through the limit of the drive slide 52. The clamping rod 91 is limited by the limit frame 9 and can only move inside the limit frame 9. Therefore, when the drive disk 51 rotates, the clamping rod 91 moves towards the connecting disk 11 through the drive rod 93 driven by the drive slide 52. The blade is placed on the connecting disk 11, and the clamping rods 91, which are distributed at equal angles, will clamp the blade. It should be noted that when the drive rod 93 slides inside the drive slide 52, the ball (not shown in the figure, located at the bottom of the drive rod 93 and in contact with the inner wall of the drive slide 52) can roll due to friction, thereby reducing frictional resistance and avoiding jamming.

[0045] refer to Figure 14-17 The limiting mechanism also includes a telescopic cavity opened inside the limiting frame 9 and a channel opened on the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; A third spring 95 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; One end of the third spring 95 is fixedly connected to a movable plate 96; The movable plate 96 has grooves evenly distributed on one side, and the inner wall of the groove is slidably sleeved with the telescopic block 97. One end of the telescopic block 97 is fixed with a return spring, and the return spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove. One end of the movable plate 96 is an inclined plane.

[0046] In the specific implementation, the top and bottom of the movable plate 96 are fixedly connected to movable blocks, and the inner wall of the telescopic cavity is provided with a slide. The movable block is slidably connected to the slide. When the inclined surface of the movable plate 96 is subjected to force, it will move towards the channel opened in the inner wall of the telescopic cavity, so that the telescopic block 97 extends through the channel into the interior of the limiting frame 9. It should be noted that the end of the movable block that contacts the slide is also provided with a ball (the ball is an existing mature and common structure, not shown in the figure). The movable block moves more smoothly inside the slide, avoiding the situation where the movable plate 96 gets stuck when it moves due to the force applied to the inclined surface.

[0047] One side of the telescopic block 97 is a slope; The outer wall of the clamping rod 91 is provided with a positioning groove 94.

[0048] In specific implementation, after the telescopic block 97 extends through the channel into the interior of the limiting frame 9, since there are multiple telescopic blocks 97 and they are evenly distributed on one side of the moving plate 96, the telescopic block 97 corresponding to the positioning groove 94 will be inserted into the interior of the positioning groove 94. When the clamping rod 91 moves inside the limiting frame 9, the inclined surface of the telescopic block 97 is subjected to force and retracts into the groove. No matter where the clamping rod 91 moves inside the limiting frame 9, there will always be a telescopic block 97 inserted into the interior of the positioning groove 94. The side of the telescopic block 97 facing the connecting disc 11 is a straight surface, so that the clamping rod 91 can only move in one direction.

[0049] A fourth spring 101 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; One end of the fourth spring 101 is fixedly connected to the drive plate 10; A connecting plate 102 is fixedly connected to one side of the drive board 10; One end of the connecting plate 102 passes through the telescopic cavity and extends into the interior of the connecting disc 11; The connecting plate 102 is slidably connected to both the telescopic cavity and the connecting disc 11; The end of the connecting plate 102 extending into the interior of the connecting disk 11 is arc-shaped; One end of the connecting plate 102 extending into the interior of the connecting disc 11 is fixedly connected to a limiting plate 103; A drive column is fixedly installed at the other end of the drive board 10.

[0050] In a specific implementation, a ball bearing is provided at one end of the drive column, and the ball bearing contacts the inclined surface of the moving plate 96. When the arc-shaped end of the connecting plate 102 is subjected to an upward force, it will move into the telescopic cavity. The connecting plate 102 applies a force to the inclined surface of the moving plate 96 through the drive column, so the moving plate 96 will move towards the clamping rod 91, causing the telescopic block 97 to extend into the interior of the limiting frame 9 (e.g., Figure 14-15 (As shown).

[0051] refer to Figure 1-13 The lifting mechanism also includes a telescopic rod 6 fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor 5; A lifting cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod 6; A guide rod 66 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lifting cylinder 61; A guide slide 67 is provided on the inner wall of the connecting disc 11; Guide slide 67 is inclined; The guide rod 66 is slidably connected to the guide slide 67.

[0052] In the specific implementation, there are two guide rods 66 and two guide slides 67, which are symmetrically fixed to the outside of the lifting cylinder 61 and opened on the inner wall of the connecting disc 11, respectively. When the rotating shaft of the motor 5 rotates, it drives the lifting cylinder 61 to rotate together through the telescopic rod 6. At this time, the guide rod 66 rotates with the lifting cylinder 61, and the guide rod 66 slides inside the guide slide 67 (due to the angle, the schematic diagram of the guide rod 66 extending into the guide slide 67 is not shown). The trajectory of the guide slide 67 is inclined upward. Therefore, during the rotation, the lifting cylinder 61 will move upward along the trajectory of the guide slide 67 through the guide rod 66. The telescopic rod 6 extends. It should be noted that one end of the guide rod 66 is also provided with a ball. The ball contacts the inside of the guide slide 67 to avoid jamming.

[0053] The outer wall of the lifting cylinder 61 is evenly provided with slots 62; A connecting spring is fixedly connected to the top of the lifting cylinder 61, and the top of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide cylinder 63. The inner wall of the guide cylinder 63 is provided with a connecting groove, and a metal spring piece 64 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove. One end of the metal spring 64 is fixedly connected to a retaining bead 65; The clasp 65 passes through the connecting groove and extends into the interior of the clasp 62.

[0054] In specific implementation, the lifting cylinder 61 is connected to the guide cylinder 63 by the locking ball 65. When the lifting cylinder 61 moves upward, it will drive the guide cylinder 63 to move upward together, causing the guide cylinder 63 to push the connecting plate 102 upward. The inclined surface of the connecting plate 102 forces it to move into the telescopic cavity, thereby forcing the moving plate 96 to move. When the connecting plate 102 moves into the telescopic cavity, the guide cylinder 63 will be limited by the limiting plate 103 when it continues to move upward. The guide cylinder 63 is sleeved on the outside of the lifting cylinder 61, and the locking ball 65 is inserted into the corresponding slot 62. The connecting spring is in a compressed state.

[0055] It should be noted that the preload of the metal spring 64 is greater than that of the fourth spring 101 and the third spring 95. Therefore, the metal spring 64 will not disengage from the slot 62 before the drive column forces the moving plate 96 to move. When the guide cylinder 63 continues to move upward after being limited by the limiting plate 103, the resistance it encounters is a hard resistance, which causes the metal spring 64 to retract. In addition, the elastic force of the connecting spring is also less than that of the metal spring 64, and the elastic force of the connecting spring will not cause the retaining ball 65 to retract.

[0056] The lifting mechanism also includes a first spring 74 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lifting cylinder 61 and a reset block 7 fixed to the top of the rotating shaft of the motor 5; The outer wall of the reset block 7 is provided with a guide groove 71; The inner wall of the guide groove 71 is inclined. One end of the first spring 74 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 73; A reset rod 72 is fixedly connected to one side of the guide plate 73; One end of the reset rod 72 extends into the inside of the slot 62 and is slidably connected to the lifting cylinder 61; A guide block 75 is fixedly connected to the other side of the guide plate 73; The guide block 75 extends into the interior of the guide groove 71.

[0057] In the specific implementation, the first spring 74 is in a compressed state in the initial state, one end of the guide block 75 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the guide groove 71, and one end of the guide block 75 is also provided with a ball. The ball contacts the inner wall of the guide groove 71. When the lifting cylinder 61 moves upward, the distance between the guide block 75 and the side wall of the guide groove 71 increases. The elastic force of the first spring 74 drives the reset rod 72 to disengage from the slot 62 through the guide plate 73. Therefore, the ball 65 can be inserted into the interior of any slot 62. When the lifting cylinder 61 is reset, the guide block 75 compresses the first spring 74 through the inclined surface of the inner wall of the guide groove 71, which drives the reset rod 72 to extend into the interior of the slot 62 again. The reset rod 72 can push the ball 65 out of the slot 62. The guide cylinder 63 and the lifting cylinder 61 are no longer stuck together because of the ball 65. The guide cylinder 63 can be automatically reset by connecting the spring. It should be noted that, as Figure 7-13 The uppermost slot 62 is not equipped with a reset rod 72. The guide cylinder 63 is engaged with the uppermost slot 62 in the initial state, which avoids the metal spring 64 being under stress when not in operation, thus extending its service life.

[0058] Working principle: When using a horizontal lathe with a self-locking positioning structure for machining cutting inserts, place the insert between the clamping rods 91 that are distributed at equal angles, and then start the motor 5. The rotating shaft of the motor 5 drives the drive disk 51 to rotate.

[0059] Drive rod 93 moves together with drive disk 51 under the limiting action of drive slide 52, while clamping rod 91 itself is constrained by limit box 9 and can only move inside limit box 9. Therefore, when drive disk 51 rotates, clamping rod 91 will move towards connecting disk 11 through drive rod 93 driven by drive slide 52. The blade is placed on connecting disk 11, and the clamping rods 91 distributed at equal angles will clamp the blade.

[0060] When the blade is irregularly shaped, the multiple clamping rods 91 do not contact the blade simultaneously. Specifically, the clamping rod 91 closest to the blade's side contacts the blade first, then pushes the blade towards the symmetrical clamping rods 91. The two symmetrical clamping rods 91 clamp the blade on both sides, simultaneously centering and aligning the blade. It should be noted that during the clamping and guiding process of the blade by the two clamping rods 91, the other symmetrical clamping rods 91 also move synchronously relative to each other, thereby limiting the other two sides of the blade and preventing the clamping rods 91 from pushing the blade to the side when clamping the blade's inclined surface (at this time, there are relatively moving clamping rods 91 on both sides of the blade for limiting). After the two clamping rods 91 have completed clamping and guiding the blade, the blade is in a centered state. Since there is only a small error when placing the blade, there will be no large offset. Therefore, this centering effect is an optimization design to assist in centering the blade.

[0061] After the two symmetrical clamping rods 91 have finished clamping the blade, they can no longer move relative to each other due to the obstruction of the blade. At this time, the other clamping rods 91 may not have yet made contact with the blade to clamp it. Therefore, the drive plate 51 will continue to rotate. At this time, the drive rod 93 at the bottom of the clamping rod 91 that has finished clamping the blade will be pushed by the inner wall of the drive slide 52. Since the bottom of the drive rod 93 is designed to be hemispherical, the drive slide 52 will force the drive rod 93 to retract upward and squeeze the second spring 92. In this way, the drive rod 93 will disengage from the drive slide 52 and roll on the drive plate 51, so that the clamping rods 91 that have not yet made contact with the blade can continue to move until the blade is finally fully clamped.

[0062] At the same time, the rotating shaft of motor 5, while driving the drive disc 51 to rotate, also drives the lifting cylinder 61 to rotate via the telescopic rod 6, while the guide rod 66 slides inside the guide slide 67. Since the trajectory of the guide slide 67 is inclined upwards (e.g., Figure 11 As shown in the figure, during the rotation of the lifting cylinder 61, it will move upward along the trajectory of the guide slide 67 via the guide rod 66, at which time the telescopic rod 6 will extend.

[0063] When the lifting cylinder 61 moves upward, it drives the guide cylinder 63 to move upward together via the locking ball 65. At this time, the distance between the guide block 75 and the side wall of the guide groove 71 will increase. The elastic force of the first spring 74 will drive the reset rod 72 through the guide plate 73 to disengage it from the locking groove 62. When the guide cylinder 63 moves upward, it will push the connecting plate 102 and force the connecting plate 102 to move into the telescopic cavity through the inclined surface of the connecting plate 102. The connecting plate 102 then applies a force to the inclined surface of the moving plate 96 through the drive column, thereby causing the moving plate 96 to move in the direction of the clamping rod 91. This will cause the telescopic locking block 97 to extend into the interior of the limiting frame 9 (e.g., Figure 14-15 (as shown), and the telescopic block 97 corresponding to the positioning slot 94 will engage inside the positioning slot 94.

[0064] When the clamping rod 91 moves inside the limiting frame 9, the inclined surface of the telescopic block 97 will be subjected to force and retract into the groove. In this way, no matter where the clamping rod 91 moves inside the limiting frame 9, there will always be a telescopic block 97 that can be locked into the corresponding positioning groove 94. Moreover, the inclined surface will not affect the movement of the clamping rod 91 in the direction of the blade. The side of the telescopic block 97 facing the connecting disc 11 is a straight surface design. The clamping rod 91 will be resisted by this straight surface and will not be able to move in the opposite direction of the blade. This realizes the function of the clamping rod 91 only moving in one direction. Therefore, after the clamping rod 91 has finished clamping the blade, it will be immediately locked and will not automatically release the blade. This ensures that the blade will not loosen during the machining process.

[0065] It should be noted that when the connecting plate 102 moves into the telescopic cavity, and the guide cylinder 63 continues to move upward, the guide cylinder 63 will be blocked by the limiting plate 103. After the guide cylinder 63 is rigidly blocked by the limiting plate 103, it will force the locking ball 65 to retract and lock into the corresponding slot 62. At this time, the connecting spring will be in a compressed state. Therefore, after the guide cylinder 63 pushes the connecting plate 102 into the telescopic cavity, it will no longer continue to move upward. When the guide cylinder 63 returns to its original position downward, it will immediately disengage from the connecting plate 102. The moving plate 96 will immediately drive the telescopic locking block 97 to retract. Therefore, when the clamping rod 91 is released and returns to its original position, it will no longer be subject to the unidirectional tightening of the telescopic locking block 97, thus avoiding jamming.

[0066] When the blade is finished and needs to be removed, the rotating shaft of the operating motor 5 rotates in the opposite direction, causing the lifting cylinder 61 to move downwards through the same working principle. At this time, the lifting cylinder 61 will drive the guide cylinder 63 to move downwards as well, causing the guide cylinder 63 to disengage from the connecting plate 102. The connecting plate 102 will reset under the action of the fourth spring 101. The moving plate 96 will also cause the telescopic block 97 to retract into the telescopic cavity under the action of the third spring 95. In this way, the telescopic block 97 will no longer lock the clamping rod 91 in one direction. At the same time, when the rotating shaft of the motor 5 rotates in the opposite direction, it will also drive the drive disc 51 to rotate in the opposite direction. The drive rod 93 will fall back into the drive slide 52. Through the same working principle, the drive slide 52 will drive the clamping rod 91 to reset through the drive rod 93, so that it no longer clamps the blade, and the blade can be removed.

[0067] Finally, when the lifting cylinder 61 returns to its original position, the guide block 75 will compress the first spring 74 through the inclined surface of the inner wall of the guide groove 71, and drive the reset rod 72 to extend into the slot 62 again. The reset rod 72 will push the retaining bead 65 out of the slot 62, so that the guide cylinder 63 and the lifting cylinder 61 are no longer stuck together because of the retaining bead 65. The guide cylinder 63 can automatically reset through the connecting spring, and the entire structure of the device is thus fully reset.

[0068] It should also be noted that the processing time for a single blade may be tens of minutes or even more than an hour, so the frequency of back-and-forth operation of the device will not be particularly high. Furthermore, ball bearings or slide rails can be installed in the parts where the structures come into contact with each other and slide to reduce wear caused by friction.

[0069] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure, comprising a lathe base (1), a machining mechanism (2) and an adjustment mechanism (3) disposed on the lathe base (1), and a fixed table (4) disposed on the adjustment mechanism (3), characterized in that, Also includes: Fixed disc (8) on top of fixed platform (4); The limiting frame (9) is fixedly distributed at equal angles on the inner wall of the fixed disk (8) and the connecting disk (11) is set at the center of the fixed disk (8). A clamping mechanism based on the blade shape adaptive locking and positioning is fitted onto the limiting frame (9); A drive disk (51) that slides inside a fixed disk (8) to drive the clamping mechanism to lock and release. A limiting mechanism for a one-way locking clamping mechanism is set inside the limiting frame (9); A lifting mechanism is installed inside the connecting disc (11) to drive the limiting component to lock in one direction; The clamping mechanism includes a clamping rod (91) sleeved on the limiting frame (9) for clamping the blade. The limiting mechanism includes a telescopic latch (97) for unidirectional positioning clamping rod (91); The lifting mechanism includes a guide tube (63) for driving the extension and retraction of the limit mechanism.

2. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting disc (11) is fixedly connected to the limiting frame (9); The bottom of the fixed platform (4) is fixedly mounted with a motor (5) by a bracket. The drive disk (51) has a through slot at its center, and the rotating shaft of the motor (5) passes through the fixed platform (4) and extends into the inside of the through slot. The rotating shaft of the motor (5) is fixedly connected to the through slot, and the rotating shaft of the motor (5) is rotatably connected to the fixed platform (4).

3. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the drive disk (51) is provided with drive slides (52) at equal angles; The drive slide (52) has an arc-shaped structure.

4. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism also includes a second spring (92) fixed inside the clamping rod (91); The bottom of the second spring (92) is fixedly connected to a drive rod (93); The bottom of the drive rod (93) extends into the interior of the drive slide (52); The bottom of the drive rod (93) is a hemispherical structure, and the bottom of the drive rod (93) is provided with ball bearings.

5. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism also includes a telescopic cavity opened inside the limiting frame (9) and a channel opened on the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; A third spring (95) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic cavity; One end of the third spring (95) is fixedly connected to a movable plate (96); The movable plate (96) has grooves evenly distributed on one side, and the inner wall of the grooves is slidably sleeved with the telescopic block (97). One end of the telescopic block (97) is fixed with a return spring, and the return spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove; One end of the movable plate (96) is an inclined surface.

6. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side of the telescopic block (97) is a slope; The outer wall of the clamping rod (91) is provided with a positioning groove (94).

7. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fourth spring (101) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic cavity. One end of the fourth spring (101) is fixedly connected to a drive plate (10); A connecting plate (102) is fixedly connected to one side of the drive plate (10); One end of the connecting plate (102) passes through the telescopic cavity and extends into the interior of the connecting disc (11); The connecting plate (102) is slidably connected to the telescopic cavity and the connecting disc (11); The end of the connecting plate (102) extending into the interior of the connecting disk (11) is arc-shaped; The connecting plate (102) extends into the interior of the connecting disc (11) and is fixedly connected to a limiting plate (103). A drive column is fixedly installed at the other end of the drive plate (10).

8. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism also includes a telescopic rod (6) fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor (5). The top of the telescopic rod (6) is fixedly connected to a lifting cylinder (61). The outer wall of the lifting cylinder (61) is fixedly connected with a guide rod (66). The inner wall of the connecting disc (11) is provided with a guide slide (67). The guide slide (67) is inclined; The guide rod (66) is slidably connected to the guide slide (67).

9. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer wall of the lifting cylinder (61) is uniformly provided with slots (62); The top of the lifting cylinder (61) is fixedly connected to a connecting spring, and the top of the connecting spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide cylinder (63). The inner wall of the guide cylinder (63) is provided with a connecting groove, and a metal spring sheet (64) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove. One end of the metal spring (64) is fixedly connected to a retaining bead (65). The bead (65) passes through the connecting groove and extends into the interior of the slot (62).

10. A horizontal lathe for machining cutting inserts with a self-locking positioning structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism also includes a first spring (74) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lifting cylinder (61) and a reset block (7) fixed to the top of the rotating shaft of the motor (5). The outer wall of the reset block (7) is provided with a guide groove (71); The inner wall of the guide groove (71) is an inclined surface; One end of the first spring (74) is fixedly connected to a guide plate (73); A reset rod (72) is fixedly connected to one side of the guide plate (73); One end of the reset rod (72) extends into the inside of the slot (62) and is slidably connected to the lifting cylinder (61); A guide block (75) is fixedly connected to the other side of the guide plate (73); The guide block (75) extends into the interior of the guide groove (71).

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