Ex-service photovoltaic module pyrolysis charging device and using method
By designing adjustable spacing separators to separate photovoltaic panels, the problem of uneven heat transfer during the pyrolysis of decommissioned photovoltaic modules was solved, achieving uniform heating of photovoltaic panels and consistency of pyrolysis reaction, thereby improving pyrolysis efficiency and operational efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, during the pyrolysis process of decommissioned photovoltaic modules, the close bonding between the photovoltaic panels makes it difficult for high-temperature flue gas and heat to circulate effectively, resulting in uneven heat transfer and affecting the integrity and efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction.
A pyrolysis loading device for retired photovoltaic modules was designed. By setting up a first separating mechanism and a second separating mechanism, the photovoltaic panels are separated by a separating rod with adjustable spacing, which ensures uniform flow of high-temperature flue gas and heat and adapts to the separation requirements of photovoltaic panels of different sizes.
This achieves uniform heating of photovoltaic panels, improves the consistency and efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction, simplifies loading and unloading operations, reduces the difficulty of cleaning the equipment, and improves operational efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121651097A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module pyrolysis technology, and in particular to a pyrolysis charging device for retired photovoltaic modules and a method for using the pyrolysis charging device for retired photovoltaic modules. Background Technology
[0002] Photovoltaic modules are core devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. They are mainly composed of aluminum frames and photovoltaic laminates (including glass, solar cells, encapsulation materials, etc.) and are widely used in solar power generation systems. As photovoltaic modules reach the end of their service life (usually 25-30 years) and technology is updated, a large number of retired and discarded photovoltaic modules are generated. The glass, metal, semiconductor materials, and other resources contained in these modules have recycling and reuse value. However, if they are discarded indiscriminately, the internal encapsulation materials and other components may pollute the environment. Therefore, professional recycling and processing are urgently needed.
[0003] Pyrolysis is a key step in the recycling of decommissioned photovoltaic modules. By pyrolyzing photovoltaic laminates in a high-temperature, oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient environment, organic components such as encapsulation materials can be decomposed, thereby achieving efficient separation and recycling of valuable resources such as glass, metal, and solar cells. It is a core technology that balances resource recycling and environmental protection.
[0004] In the pyrolysis process, the charging device is an indispensable key piece of equipment. It is used to carry the photovoltaic laminates to be processed into the pyrolysis furnace, directly affecting the uniformity and efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction and the subsequent resource recovery effect. A high-quality charging device must ensure that the photovoltaic laminates are arranged reasonably in the furnace, ensure smooth flow of high-temperature flue gas and heat, so that each module can be fully heated, and at the same time facilitate loading and unloading operations and equipment maintenance.
[0005] In the recycling and processing of retired photovoltaic modules, a common process is as follows: First, the aluminum frames around the photovoltaic modules are removed from the recycled modules at the factory, resulting in photovoltaic laminates composed of glass, EVA film, solar cells, and backsheets. Then, workers typically lay them flat and stack them in material pallets to form a layered structure. Finally, a forklift is used to transport the entire pallet of material to a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis processing.
[0006] However, when using the above stacking method, the photovoltaic panels are tightly bonded together, making it difficult for high-temperature flue gas and heat to flow effectively between the panels. This results in heat transfer mainly relying on the edges and upper surfaces, while the central area and back of the panels are heated unevenly. This uneven heat distribution can easily cause localized excessively high or low temperatures, affecting the integrity and consistency of the pyrolysis reaction, reducing the overall pyrolysis efficiency, and may even lead to material damage or a decrease in the quality of pyrolysis products due to localized overheating.
[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a pyrolysis charging device and method for retired photovoltaic modules to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention
[0008] This invention discloses a pyrolysis loading device and method for retired photovoltaic modules. By setting a first material separating mechanism, multiple first material separating rods can be inserted into the interior of one side of adjacent vertically placed photovoltaic panels to achieve preliminary layer-by-layer separation during operation. The spacing between adjacent first material separating rods can be adjusted arbitrarily, effectively preventing the photovoltaic panels from being tightly attached on that side. This provides a basic channel for the flow of high-temperature flue gas and heat during the subsequent pyrolysis process, ensuring the uniformity of heating on that side of the photovoltaic panel and improving the consistency of the pyrolysis reaction.
[0009] Furthermore, by incorporating a second separating mechanism, the second separating rod can naturally descend from top to bottom and insert between adjacent photovoltaic panels during operation. Working in conjunction with the first separating rod, it further separates the photovoltaic panels. The design of the second separating rod being far from the first effectively prevents unseparated contact between photovoltaic panels located far from the first separating rod. Simultaneously, the distance between adjacent second separating rods is adjustable. Adjusting the positions of the two connecting seats on the mounting frame also adjusts the distance between the second and first separating rods, adapting to the separation requirements of photovoltaic panels of different sizes. The limiting rod can stably limit the second separating rod after it returns to a horizontal position, ensuring the overall reliability of the mechanism. In summary, this solves the problems in the background technology.
[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0011] The present invention provides a pyrolysis loading device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules, comprising a support frame, a base plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame, a tray assembly installed on the top of the base plate, fixed baffles fixedly connected to the front and both sides of the support frame, an open design on one side of the back of the support frame, and a movable baffle movably mounted on one side of the back of the support frame.
[0012] The first material separating mechanism includes a connecting rod and a lower stop rod. Both the connecting rod and the lower stop rod are fixedly installed inside the support frame and near the front side of the support frame. The connecting rod is near the upper part of the support frame, and the lower stop rod is near the lower part of the support frame. Both ends of the connecting rod penetrate the support frame and have mounting grooves extending into them. The top of the connecting rod has two notches that communicate with the mounting grooves and are located near the inner sides of the support frame. A connecting shaft is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove, and a connecting block is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft. The shaft and the connecting block form an L-shape. The connecting block is located at the notch and extends to the outside of the notch. The bottom of the connecting block fits and abuts against the top of the notch. An upper stop rod is fixedly connected between the two connecting blocks. The height of the upper stop rod and the connecting rod are matched. The upper stop rod is located on the back side of the connecting rod and has a gap between it and the connecting rod. The lower stop rod is located between the connecting rod and the upper stop rod. Multiple first material separating rods are movably and rotatably sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod. The opposite ends of the two connecting shafts extend to the outside of the mounting groove and the support frame. A turntable is fixedly connected to the opposite ends of the two connecting shafts.
[0013] The second material separating mechanism includes an inverted U-shaped mounting bracket and a connecting seat. Two mounting brackets and two connecting seats are provided. The two mounting brackets are respectively fixedly installed on the top of both sides of the support frame. Multiple through-holes with equal longitudinal spacing are provided at the top of the mounting bracket. An mounting rod and a limiting rod are fixedly connected between the two connecting seats. Multiple second material separating rods are movably and rotatably sleeved on the mounting rod. The second material separating rods are damped telescopic rods. The limiting rods are parallel to the mounting rods, and their height is lower than that of the mounting rods. Two pins are vertically fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat. The pins are inserted into the limiting holes, and the bottom of the pins abuts against the top of the support frame.
[0014] Furthermore, the tray assembly includes a mounting base and an anti-slip tray. Two mounting bases are provided, each fixedly mounted on the top of the base plate and close to both sides of the base plate. The mounting base has a through first movable groove and a second movable groove inside. The front and rear ends of the first movable groove are closed, and the end of the second movable groove away from the first movable groove is open. The front and rear sides of the anti-slip tray are provided with a first sliding rod and a second sliding rod. The first sliding rod is slidably engaged with the first movable groove, and the second sliding rod is slidably engaged with the second movable groove.
[0015] Furthermore, the two sides of the anti-slip plate are close to but do not contact the opposite side of the two mounting seats. The top of the anti-slip plate has multiple anti-slip grooves longitudinally. The anti-slip grooves are inclined grooves, and the spacing between adjacent anti-slip grooves is the same.
[0016] Furthermore, the anti-slip plate has two pull grooves on the side near the opening on the back of the support frame, and the two pull grooves are symmetrically distributed.
[0017] Furthermore, a set of limiting plates is fixedly installed on both sides of the back opening of the support frame, and a limiting groove is formed between the same set of limiting plates. Multiple through holes are opened at both the fixed baffle and the movable baffle. Multiple through holes are also opened at the movable baffle. The spacing between adjacent through holes at the fixed baffle and the movable baffle is the same.
[0018] Furthermore, an I-beam is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom of the base plate, and two U-shaped steels are symmetrically fixedly connected to the two sides of the bottom of the base plate, with the openings of the two U-shaped steels facing the I-beam.
[0019] Furthermore, a first slot and a second slot are provided at the first material separating rod. The first slot and the second slot are located on the front and rear sides of the first material separating rod, respectively. The first slot matches the position of the upper stop rod, and the second slot matches the position of the lower stop rod. A third slot is provided at the second material separating rod, and the position of the third slot matches the position of the limiting rod.
[0020] Furthermore, two stops are fixedly connected to both sides of the inside of the support frame, with the two stops located at the bottom of the two connecting blocks and fitting against the bottom of the connecting blocks.
[0021] A method for using a pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules includes the following steps:
[0022] S1. Device debugging and preparation: First, check whether the movable baffle is stably installed in the limiting slot on the back of the support frame to ensure the overall stability of the device; according to the size of the photovoltaic module to be installed and decommissioned, adjust the position of the two connecting seats on the mounting frame, insert the pin rod into the corresponding limiting hole to fix it, and at the same time stretch or shrink the length of the second partition rod to adapt it to the height of the photovoltaic module.
[0023] S2. Material separator rod reset and loading preparation: Rotate the turntable to drive the connecting shaft and connecting block to rotate, so that the upper stop rod is removed from the horizontal limit state, and multiple first material separator rods naturally fall to the vertical state under the action of gravity; then rotate multiple second material separator rods one by one to the horizontal state, so that the third slot on them engages with the limit rod, and complete the material separator mechanism's pre-loading reset.
[0024] S3. Layered Loading and Separation Positioning: The photovoltaic modules to be pyrolyzed are placed vertically one by one on the anti-slip grooves of the anti-slip tray. The anti-slip grooves are used to achieve the initial positioning of the photovoltaic modules and prevent them from sliding during placement. During placement, the distance between adjacent first spacer bars is adjusted according to the spacing requirements of the photovoltaic modules. Then, multiple first spacer bars are rotated so that they are inserted into the gaps of adjacent photovoltaic modules on the side closest to the front of the support frame from one side. After all photovoltaic modules are placed, the second spacer bars are rotated one by one to change them from a horizontal state to a vertical state and are inserted into the gaps of adjacent photovoltaic modules on the side furthest from the front of the support frame, so as to achieve full separation on both sides of the photovoltaic modules and ensure that a uniform flue gas flow channel is reserved between adjacent photovoltaic modules.
[0025] S4. Transfer, Pyrolysis, and Subsequent Cleaning: Using the H-beams and U-shaped steel at the bottom of the base plate, the entire device containing photovoltaic modules is transferred to the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis. After pyrolysis, the device is transferred out of the pyrolysis furnace, and the movable baffle is removed. The anti-slip tray is pulled out along the first and second movable slots using the pull groove, tilting the end of the anti-slip tray away from the support frame until it contacts the ground. The remaining glass shards and other impurities on the anti-slip tray are cleaned with a broom or other tools. After cleaning, the anti-slip tray is pushed back to its original position, the turntable is rotated to reset the first separating rod, and the second separating rod is rotated to the horizontal limit position, ready for the next loading.
[0026] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
[0027] (1) This technical solution is equipped with a first material separation mechanism, so that during operation, multiple first material separation rods can be inserted into the interior of one side of the adjacent vertically placed photovoltaic panels to achieve preliminary layer-by-layer separation. The spacing between adjacent first material separation rods can be adjusted arbitrarily, effectively avoiding the photovoltaic panels from being tightly attached on this side, reserving a basic channel for the flow of high-temperature flue gas and heat in the subsequent pyrolysis process, ensuring the uniformity of heating on this side of the photovoltaic panel, and improving the consistency of the pyrolysis reaction;
[0028] (2) This technical solution is equipped with a second material separation mechanism, which allows the second material separation rod to naturally fall from top to bottom and insert between adjacent photovoltaic panels during operation. It works with the first material separation rod to further separate the photovoltaic panels. The design of the second material separation rod being far away from the first material separation rod can effectively prevent the photovoltaic panels from being in contact without being separated at the position far from the first material separation rod. At the same time, the distance between adjacent second material separation rods can be adjusted arbitrarily. By adjusting the position of the two connecting seats on the mounting frame, the distance between the second material separation rod and the first material separation rod can also be adjusted to meet the separation requirements of photovoltaic panels of different sizes. The limiting rod can stably limit the second material separation rod after it is reset to a horizontal state, ensuring the overall reliability of the mechanism.
[0029] (3) This technical solution is equipped with a pallet assembly, which allows the movable baffle to be removed first after the pyrolysis process is completed during operation, and then the anti-slip pallet to be pulled out to the outside of the support frame. One end of the anti-slip pallet can be tilted to contact the ground. Then, the glass shards and other impurities and garbage remaining on the inclined surface of the anti-slip pallet can be easily swept away with the help of tools such as brooms, which greatly reduces the difficulty of cleaning the device, improves the cleaning efficiency, and ensures the smooth progress of subsequent loading operations.
[0030] (4) This technical solution is equipped with a first material separation mechanism, so that after the work is completed, the connecting shaft, connecting block and upper stop rod can be rotated synchronously by rotating the turntable, so that all the first material separation rods in the horizontal state can be quickly reset to the vertical state under the action of gravity, without the need for manual reset one by one, which simplifies the reset process of the first material separation rod and improves the efficiency of loading and unloading operations. Attached Figure Description
[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting pipe installation structure of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working state and exploded installation structure of the first material separator rod of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the second material separator rod of the present invention;
[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper stop bar mounting structure of the present invention;
[0038] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the connecting shaft installation structure of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connector mounting structure of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-slip support plate in the pulled-out state of the present invention;
[0041] Figure 10 This is a side view of the anti-slip support plate installation structure of the present invention.
[0042] In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Base plate; 3. Fixed baffle; 4. Movable baffle; 5. Connecting rod; 6. Lower stop rod; 7. Mounting groove; 8. Notch groove; 9. Connecting shaft; 10. Connecting block; 11. Upper stop rod; 12. First material separator rod; 13. Turntable; 14. Mounting frame; 15. Connecting seat; 16. Limiting insertion hole; 17. Mounting rod; 18. Limiting rod; 19. Second material separator rod; 20. Pin rod; 21. Mounting seat; 22. Anti-slip support plate; 23. First movable groove; 24. Second movable groove; 25. First sliding rod; 26. Second sliding rod; 27. Anti-slip groove; 28. Pulling groove; 29. Limiting plate; 30. Through hole; 31. I-beam; 32. U-shaped steel; 33. First slot; 34. Second slot; 35. Third slot; 36. Stop block. Detailed Implementation
[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "surface", "side", "gap", "peripheral", etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.
[0045] Reference Figures 1-10 A pyrolysis loading device for retired photovoltaic modules includes a support frame 1, a base plate 2 fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame 1, a tray assembly installed on the top of the base plate 2, fixed baffles 3 fixedly connected to the front and both sides of the support frame 1, an open design on one side of the back of the support frame 1, and a movable baffle 4 movably mounted on one side of the back of the support frame 1.
[0046] The first material separation mechanism includes a connecting rod 5 and a lower stop rod 6. Both the connecting rod 5 and the lower stop rod 6 are fixedly installed inside the support frame 1 and close to the front side of the support frame 1. The connecting rod 5 is close to the upper part of the support frame 1, and the lower stop rod 6 is close to the lower part of the support frame 1. Both ends of the connecting rod 5 penetrate the support frame 1, and each end of the connecting rod 5 has an installation groove 7 extending into its interior. The top of the connecting rod 5 has two notches 8, which communicate with the installation grooves 7. The notches 8 are close to the inner sides of the support frame 1. A connecting shaft 9 is rotatably installed in the installation groove 7, and a connecting block 10 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 9. The connecting shaft 9 and the connecting block 10... The two connecting blocks 10 form an L-shape. The connecting block 10 is located at the notch 8 and extends to the outside of the notch 8. The bottom of the connecting block 10 fits and abuts against the top of the notch 8. An upper stop rod 11 is fixedly connected between the two connecting blocks 10. The height of the upper stop rod 11 and the connecting rod 5 are matched. The upper stop rod 11 is located on the back side of the connecting rod 5 and there is a gap between it and the connecting rod 5. The lower stop rod 6 is located between the connecting rod 5 and the upper stop rod 11. Multiple first material separating rods 12 are movably and rotatably sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod 5. The opposite ends of the two connecting shafts 9 extend to the outside of the mounting groove 7 and the support frame 1. The opposite ends of the two connecting shafts 9 are fixedly connected to a turntable 13.
[0047] The second material separation mechanism includes an inverted U-shaped mounting bracket 14 and a connecting seat 15. There are two mounting brackets 14 and two connecting seats 15. The two mounting brackets 14 are fixedly installed on the top of both sides of the support frame 1. Multiple through-holes 16 are opened longitudinally at equal intervals at the top of the mounting bracket 14. An mounting rod 17 and a limiting rod 18 are fixedly connected between the two connecting seats 15. Multiple second material separation rods 19 are movably and rotatably sleeved at the mounting rod 17. The second material separation rods 19 are damped telescopic rods. The limiting rods 18 are parallel to the mounting rods 17, and the height of the limiting rods 18 is lower than that of the mounting rods 17. Two pins 20 are vertically fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat 15. The pins 20 are inserted into the limiting holes 16, and the bottom of the pins 20 abuts against the top of the support frame 1.
[0048] The tray assembly includes a mounting base 21 and an anti-slip tray 22. There are two mounting bases 21, both of which are fixedly installed on the top of the base plate 2 and close to the two sides of the base plate 2 respectively. The interior of the mounting base 21 has a through first movable groove 23 and a second movable groove 24. The front and rear ends of the first movable groove 23 are closed, and the end of the second movable groove 24 away from the first movable groove 23 is open. The front and rear sides of the anti-slip tray 22 are provided with a first sliding rod 25 and a second sliding rod 26. The first sliding rod 25 is slidably engaged with the first movable groove 23, and the second sliding rod 26 is slidably engaged with the second movable groove 24.
[0049] The anti-slip plate 22 is close to but does not contact the two mounting seats 21 on both sides. The top of the anti-slip plate 22 has multiple anti-slip grooves 27 longitudinally. The anti-slip grooves 27 are inclined grooves and the spacing between adjacent anti-slip grooves 27 is the same. The anti-slip plate 22 has two pull grooves 28 on the side close to the back opening of the support frame 1. The two pull grooves 28 are symmetrically distributed.
[0050] A set of limiting plates 29 are fixedly installed on both sides of the back opening of the support frame 1. A limiting groove is formed between the same set of limiting plates 29. The movable baffle 4 is movably clamped between the two sets of limiting plates 29. Multiple through holes 30 are opened at both the fixed baffle 3 and the movable baffle 4. The spacing between adjacent through holes 30 at the fixed baffle 3 and the movable baffle 4 is the same.
[0051] An I-beam 31 is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom of the base plate 2. Two U-shaped steels 32 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the two sides of the bottom of the base plate 2, with the openings of the two U-shaped steels 32 facing the I-beam 31. A first slot 33 and a second slot 34 are provided at the first material separating rod 12. The first slot 33 and the second slot 34 are located on the front and rear sides of the first material separating rod 12, respectively. The first slot 33 matches the position of the upper stop rod 11, and the second slot 34 matches the position of the lower stop rod 6. A third slot 35 is provided at the second material separating rod 19, and the position of the third slot 35 matches the position of the limiting rod 18. Blocks 36 are fixedly connected to both sides of the inside of the support frame 1. The two blocks 36 are located at the bottom of the two connecting blocks 10 and fit against the bottom of the connecting blocks 10.
[0052] A method for using a pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules includes the following steps:
[0053] S1. Device debugging and preparation: First check whether the movable baffle 4 is stably installed in the limiting slot on the back of the support frame 1 to ensure the overall stability of the device; according to the size of the photovoltaic module to be installed and retired, adjust the position of the two connecting seats 15 on the mounting frame 14, insert the pin rod 20 into the corresponding limiting hole 16 to fix it, and at the same time stretch or shrink the length of the second partition rod 19 to adapt it to the height of the photovoltaic module.
[0054] S2. Material separator rod reset and loading preparation: Rotate turntable 13 to drive connecting shaft 9 and connecting block 10 to rotate, so that upper stop rod 11 is disengaged from the horizontal limit state, and multiple first material separator rods 12 naturally fall to the vertical state under the action of gravity; then rotate multiple second material separator rods 19 one by one to the horizontal state, so that the third slot 35 on them engages with the limit rod 18, and complete the material separator mechanism reset before loading.
[0055] S3. Layered loading and separation positioning: The photovoltaic modules to be pyrolyzed are placed vertically one by one on the anti-slip grooves 27 of the anti-slip tray 22. The anti-slip grooves 27 are used to achieve the initial positioning of the photovoltaic modules and prevent them from sliding during the placement process. During the placement process, the distance between adjacent first spacer bars 12 is adjusted according to the spacing requirements of the photovoltaic modules. Then, multiple first spacer bars 12 are rotated so that multiple first spacer bars 12 are inserted into the gaps of adjacent photovoltaic modules near the front side of the support frame 1 from one side. After all photovoltaic modules are placed, the second spacer bars 19 are rotated one by one to change them from a horizontal state to a vertical state and are inserted into the gaps of adjacent photovoltaic modules away from the front side of the support frame 1, so as to achieve full separation on both sides of the photovoltaic modules and ensure that a uniform flue gas flow channel is reserved between adjacent photovoltaic modules.
[0056] S4. Transfer and Pyrolysis and Subsequent Cleaning: Using the H-beams 31 and U-shaped steel 32 at the bottom of the base plate 2 in conjunction with the transfer equipment, the device containing the photovoltaic modules is transferred as a whole into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis treatment. After pyrolysis, the device is transferred out of the pyrolysis furnace and the movable baffle 4 is removed. The anti-slip plate 22 is pulled out along the first movable groove 23 and the second movable groove 24 by pulling the groove 28, so that the end of the anti-slip plate 22 away from the support frame 1 is tilted to contact the ground. Use a broom or other tools to clean the glass shards and other impurities remaining on the anti-slip plate 22. After cleaning, the anti-slip plate 22 is pushed back to its original position, the turntable 13 is rotated to reset the first separating rod 12, and the second separating rod 19 is rotated to the horizontal limit state, waiting for the next loading.
[0057] In the specific implementation process, the first step is to carry out equipment debugging and preparation work. The operators first observe the engagement status between the movable baffle 4 and the two sets of limiting plates 29 on the back of the support frame 1 to ensure that the movable baffle 4 is firmly installed in the limiting slot to avoid loosening or displacement during subsequent loading and transportation, and to ensure the overall structural stability of the device. Then, according to the actual size of the photovoltaic modules to be processed, the installation position of the two connecting seats 15 on the mounting frame 14 is adjusted. The pin rod 20 at the bottom of the connecting seat 15 is aligned with the corresponding limiting insertion hole 16 on the mounting frame 14 and inserted to achieve quick positioning and fixation of the connecting seat 15. At the same time, according to the height of the photovoltaic modules, the length of the second separating rod 19 is stretched or contracted to make the length of the second separating rod 19 adapt to the height of the photovoltaic modules, so that it can be smoothly inserted between adjacent photovoltaic modules to achieve separation.
[0058] After debugging, the process enters the material separator rod reset and loading preparation stage. The operator rotates the turntables 13 on both sides of the support frame 1. The turntables 13 drive the connecting shaft 9 to rotate in the mounting groove 7 of the connecting rod 5. During the rotation of the connecting shaft 9, the connecting block 10 is rotated synchronously, causing the upper stop rod 11, which was originally engaged with the first slot 33 of the first material separator rod 12, to disengage from the horizontal limit state until it rotates more than 90°. At this time, the multiple first material separator rods 12 sleeved on the connecting rod 5 naturally fall to the vertical state under their own gravity, without the need for manual flipping one by one, which greatly improves the reset efficiency. Then, the operator rotates the multiple second material separator rods 19 sleeved on the mounting rod 17 one by one to the horizontal state, so that the third slot 35 on the second material separator rod 19 engages with the limiting rod 18. The limiting rod 18 limits and fixes the horizontal second material separator rods 19 to prevent them from falling down on their own during the loading process, thus completing the material separator mechanism's pre-loading reset.
[0059] After the material preparation is completed, the layered material loading and separation positioning stage begins. The operators vertically place the photovoltaic laminates after removing the aluminum frames one by one on the anti-slip grooves 27 of the anti-slip tray 22. The anti-slip grooves 27 are designed with sloping grooves, which can achieve initial positioning by using the weight of the photovoltaic modules themselves, preventing the photovoltaic modules from sliding or shifting during the placement process. At the same time, the spacing between adjacent anti-slip grooves 27 is the same, which can keep the photovoltaic modules initially evenly arranged. During the placement process, the operators adjust the distance between adjacent first spacer rods 12 by sliding along the connecting rod 5 according to the photovoltaic module spacing required by the pyrolysis process. After the adjustment is completed, the first spacer rods 12 are rotated one by one, so that the first spacer rods 12 are inserted into the gap of the adjacent photovoltaic modules near the front of the support frame 1 from one side. At this time, the first slot 33 of the first spacer rod 12 engages with the upper stop rod 11. The upper stop rod 11 supports and limits the first spacer rod 12, ensuring that the first spacer rod 12 maintains a stable horizontal separation state.
[0060] After all the photovoltaic modules are placed, the operators rotate the second separator rod 19, which is in a horizontal limit state, one by one, so that the second separator rod 19 changes from a horizontal state to a vertical state and falls naturally from top to bottom into the gap on the side of the adjacent photovoltaic module away from the front of the support frame 1, so as to achieve complete separation on both sides of the photovoltaic module, ensuring that a uniform flue gas flow channel is reserved between adjacent photovoltaic modules, and ensuring that high-temperature flue gas and heat can flow smoothly during the subsequent pyrolysis process.
[0061] After loading, the I-beam 31 at the bottom center of the base plate 2 and the U-shaped steel 32 on both sides, together with forklifts and other transfer equipment, are used to stably support the device by using the forks of the transfer equipment in conjunction with the I-beam 31 and the U-shaped steel 32, so as to prevent the device from tilting and falling during the transfer process. The device containing the photovoltaic modules is then transferred as a whole into the pyrolysis furnace. During the pyrolysis process, the multiple through holes 30 opened at the fixed baffle 3 and the movable baffle 4 can further improve the flow of high-temperature flue gas in the furnace, so that the heat is evenly applied to each photovoltaic module, ensuring the integrity and consistency of the pyrolysis reaction.
[0062] After pyrolysis is completed, the transfer equipment will transport the entire device out of the pyrolysis furnace. The operator will remove the movable baffle 4 and pull the anti-slip plate 22 along the first movable groove 23 and the second movable groove 24 in the mounting base 21 through the two pull grooves 28 on the anti-slip plate 22. Since the end of the second movable groove 24 away from the first movable groove 23 is open, the anti-slip plate 22 can slide smoothly to the outside of the support frame 1. As the sliding distance increases, the end of the anti-slip plate 22 away from the support frame 1 gradually tilts to contact the ground. At this time, the operator can easily clean the glass shards and other impurities remaining on the inclined surface of the anti-slip plate 22 with the help of brooms and other tools. The cleaning process is time-saving and labor-saving.
[0063] After cleaning, the workers push the anti-slip plate 22, causing the first sliding rod 25 and the second sliding rod 26 on both sides of the anti-slip plate 22 to slide back along the first movable groove 23 and the second movable groove 24, respectively. Then, the workers rotate the turntables 13 on both sides of the support frame 1 again. The turntables 13 drive the connecting shaft 9 to rotate in the mounting groove 7 of the connecting rod 5. During the rotation of the connecting shaft 9, the connecting block 10 is rotated synchronously, causing the upper stop rod 11, which was originally engaged with the first slot 33 of the first material separator rod 12, to disengage from the horizontal limit state until it rotates. When the rotation exceeds 90°, the multiple first material separating rods 12 sleeved on the connecting rod 5 naturally fall to a vertical state under their own gravity, and the second slot 34 on the first material separating rod 12 matches and engages with the lower stop rod 6. There is no need to manually flip them one by one, which greatly improves the reset efficiency of the first material separating rod 12. Then, the second material separating rods 19 are rotated one by one to a horizontal state, so that the third slot 35 re-engages with the limit rod 18. Finally, the movable baffle 4 is reinstalled into the limit slot to complete the entire operation process and wait for the next loading.
[0064] In the tray assembly, the first movable groove 23 and the second movable groove 24 inside the two mounting seats 21 slide and engage with the first sliding rod 25 and the second sliding rod 26 of the anti-slip tray 22, so as to realize the slidable installation of the anti-slip tray 22 and ensure that the anti-slip tray 22 can be pulled out and pushed back smoothly. At the same time, the closed design at both ends of the first movable groove 23 can limit the sliding stroke of the anti-slip tray 22 and prevent the anti-slip tray 22 from completely detaching from the mounting seat 21.
[0065] Among them, the two sides of the anti-slip plate 22 are close to but do not contact the opposite side of the two mounting bases 21, which can reduce the frictional resistance during the sliding process of the anti-slip plate 22 and ensure smooth sliding. At the same time, the multiple sloping anti-slip grooves 27 on the top of the anti-slip plate 22 can effectively limit the photovoltaic modules and prevent the photovoltaic modules from sliding during placement and transportation. The same spacing between adjacent anti-slip grooves 27 can make the photovoltaic modules initially evenly arranged.
[0066] Among them, the two symmetrical pull grooves 28 on the side of the anti-slip plate 22 near the opening on the back of the support frame 1 provide convenient force points for operators to pull the anti-slip plate 22, making it easier for operators to quickly pull out the anti-slip plate 22 and improving the ease of operation;
[0067] Among them, the limiting plates 29 on both sides of the back opening of the support frame 1 form limiting slots, providing a stable mounting position for the movable baffle 4, ensuring the installation stability of the movable baffle 4. The multiple through holes 30 with the same spacing at the fixed baffle 3 and the movable baffle 4 can improve the circulation efficiency of high temperature flue gas in the pyrolysis furnace, so that the heat is applied to the photovoltaic module more evenly and the pyrolysis effect is improved.
[0068] Among them, the I-beam 31 and two symmetrically arranged U-shaped steels 32 at the bottom of the base plate 2 can precisely cooperate with the forks of forklifts and other transfer equipment to achieve stable support and transfer of the device, avoid tilting or falling of the device during the transfer process, and ensure transfer safety.
[0069] The first slot 33 at the first material separator 12 cooperates with the upper stop bar 11 to achieve stable positioning of the first material separator 12 in a horizontal state. The second slot 34 cooperates with the lower stop bar 6 to limit the bottom of the first material separator 12 in a vertical state, preventing it from colliding with the support frame 1. The third slot 35 at the second material separator 19 cooperates with the limiting bar 18 to achieve stable positioning of the second material separator 19 in a horizontal state, preventing it from falling down on its own during the loading process.
[0070] Among them, the stop blocks 36 on both sides inside the support frame 1 fit against the bottom of the connecting block 10, which can provide bottom support for the connecting block 10, prevent the connecting block 10 from rotating excessively under the action of gravity, and at the same time provide a limit for the rotation of the connecting block 10, ensuring that the upper stop rod 11 can accurately engage with the first slot 33 of the first material separator rod 12, and ensuring the limiting stability of the first material separator rod 12.
[0071] It should be noted that all structural components in the above-mentioned device are made of carbon steel.
[0072] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims
1. A pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, Includes a support frame (1), the bottom of which is fixedly connected to a base plate (2), the top of which is equipped with a tray assembly, and fixed baffles (3) are fixedly connected to the front and sides of the support frame (1). The back side of the support frame (1) is open, and a movable baffle (4) is movably mounted on the back side of the support frame (1). The first material separating mechanism includes a connecting rod (5) and a lower stop rod (6). The connecting rod (5) and the lower stop rod (6) are both fixedly installed inside the support frame (1) and close to the front side of the support frame (1). The connecting rod (5) is close to the upper part of the support frame (1), and the lower stop rod (6) is close to the lower part of the support frame (1). Both ends of the connecting rod (5) penetrate the support frame (1). Both ends of the connecting rod (5) are provided with mounting grooves (7) extending into them. The top of the connecting rod (5) is provided with two notches (8). The notches (8) are connected to the mounting grooves (7), and the notches (8) are close to the inner sides of the support frame (1). A connecting shaft (9) is rotatably installed in the mounting groove (7). A connecting block (10) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (9). The connecting block (10) forms an L-shape with the connecting block (10). The connecting block (10) is located at the notch (8) and extends to the outside of the notch (8). The bottom of the connecting block (10) is in contact with the top of the notch (8). An upper stop rod (11) is fixedly connected between the two connecting blocks (10). The height of the upper stop rod (11) and the connecting rod (5) are matched. The upper stop rod (11) is located on the back side of the connecting rod (5) and there is a gap between it and the connecting rod (5). The lower stop rod (6) is located between the connecting rod (5) and the upper stop rod (11). The connecting rod (5) is movably and rotatably sleeved with a plurality of first material separator rods (12). The opposite ends of the two connecting shafts (9) extend to the outside of the mounting groove (7) and the support frame (1). The opposite ends of the two connecting shafts (9) are fixedly connected with a turntable (13). The second material separation mechanism includes an inverted U-shaped mounting bracket (14) and a connecting seat (15). Two mounting brackets (14) and two connecting seats (15) are provided. The two mounting brackets (14) are respectively fixedly installed on the top of both sides of the support frame (1). Multiple through-holes (16) are evenly spaced longitudinally at the top of each mounting bracket (14). A mounting rod (17) and a limiting rod (18) are fixedly connected between the two connecting seats (15). Multiple second material separator rods (19) are mounted on the rod (17) and rotated. The second material separator rods (19) are damped telescopic rods. The limiting rod (18) is parallel to the mounting rod (17) and the height of the limiting rod (18) is lower than that of the mounting rod (17). Two pin rods (20) are vertically fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat (15). The pin rods (20) are inserted into the limiting insertion hole (16) and the bottom of the pin rods (20) abuts against the top of the support frame (1).
2. The pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tray assembly includes a mounting base (21) and an anti-slip tray (22). There are two mounting bases (21), both of which are fixedly installed on the top of the base plate (2) and close to the two sides of the base plate (2). The interior of the mounting base (21) is provided with a through first movable groove (23) and a second movable groove (24). The front and rear ends of the first movable groove (23) are closed, and the end of the second movable groove (24) away from the first movable groove (23) is open. The front and rear sides of the anti-slip tray (22) are provided with a first sliding rod (25) and a second sliding rod (26). The first sliding rod (25) is slidably engaged with the first movable groove (23), and the second sliding rod (26) is slidably engaged with the second movable groove (24).
3. The pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anti-slip plate (22) is close to but does not contact the two mounting seats (21) on both sides. The top of the anti-slip plate (22) has multiple anti-slip grooves (27) longitudinally. The anti-slip grooves (27) are inclined grooves, and the spacing between adjacent anti-slip grooves (27) is the same.
4. The pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anti-slip plate (22) has two pull grooves (28) on the side near the back opening of the support frame (1), and the two pull grooves (28) are symmetrically distributed.
5. The pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, A set of limiting plates (29) are fixedly installed on both sides of the back opening of the support frame (1). A limiting slot is formed between the same set of limiting plates (29). The movable baffle (4) is movably mounted between the two sets of limiting plates (29). Multiple through holes (30) are opened at both the fixed baffle (3) and the movable baffle (4). The spacing between adjacent through holes (30) at the fixed baffle (3) and the movable baffle (4) is the same.
6. The pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, An I-beam (31) is fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom of the base plate (2), and two U-shaped steels (32) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the two sides of the bottom of the base plate (2), with the openings of the two U-shaped steels (32) facing the I-beam (31).
7. The pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first material separator (12) is provided with a first slot (33) and a second slot (34). The first slot (33) and the second slot (34) are located on the front and rear sides of the first material separator (12), respectively. The first slot (33) matches the position of the upper stop bar (11), and the second slot (34) matches the position of the lower stop bar (6). The second material separator (19) is provided with a third slot (35). The position of the third slot (35) matches the position of the limiting bar (18).
8. The pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both sides of the support frame (1) are fixedly connected with stop blocks (36), and the two stop blocks (36) are located at the bottom of the two connecting blocks (10) and fit against the bottom of the connecting blocks (10).
9. A method of using a pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules, providing a method of use support for the pyrolysis charging device for decommissioned photovoltaic modules as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Device debugging and preparation: First check whether the movable baffle (4) is stably installed in the limiting slot on the back of the support frame (1) to ensure the overall stability of the device; according to the size of the photovoltaic module to be installed and retired, adjust the position of the two connecting seats (15) on the mounting frame (14), insert the pin rod (20) into the corresponding limiting hole (16) to fix it, and at the same time stretch or shrink the length of the second partition rod (19) to adapt it to the height of the photovoltaic module; S2, Material separator rod reset and loading preparation: Rotate the turntable (13) to drive the connecting shaft (9) and connecting block (10) to rotate, so that the upper stop rod (11) is removed from the horizontal limit state, and multiple first material separator rods (12) naturally fall to the vertical state under the action of gravity; then rotate multiple second material separator rods (19) one by one to the horizontal state, so that the third slot (35) on it engages with the limit rod (18), and the material separator mechanism is reset before loading. S3, Layered loading and separation positioning: The photovoltaic modules to be pyrolyzed are placed vertically one by one on the anti-slip groove (27) of the anti-slip tray (22). The anti-slip groove (27) is used to achieve the initial positioning of the photovoltaic modules and avoid slippage during the placement process. During the placement process, the distance between the adjacent first spacer rods (12) is adjusted according to the spacing requirements of the photovoltaic modules. Then, multiple first spacer rods (12) are rotated so that multiple first spacer rods (12) are inserted from one side into the gap of the adjacent photovoltaic modules near the front side of the support frame (1). After all the photovoltaic modules are placed, the second spacer rods (19) are rotated one by one so that they change from a horizontal state to a vertical state and are inserted into the gap of the adjacent photovoltaic modules away from the front side of the support frame (1) to achieve full separation on both sides of the photovoltaic modules and ensure that a uniform flue gas flow channel is reserved between the adjacent photovoltaic modules. S4. Transfer and subsequent cleaning: The device containing photovoltaic modules is transferred to the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis by using the I-beam (31) and U-shaped steel (32) at the bottom of the base plate (2) in conjunction with the transfer equipment. After pyrolysis, the device is transferred out of the pyrolysis furnace and the movable baffle (4) is removed. The anti-slip plate (22) is pulled out along the first movable groove (23) and the second movable groove (24) by pulling groove (28), so that the end of the anti-slip plate (22) away from the support frame (1) is tilted to contact the ground. Use brooms and other tools to clean the glass shards and other impurities remaining on the anti-slip plate (22). After cleaning, the anti-slip plate (22) is pushed back to its original position, the turntable (13) is rotated to reset the first material separator (12), and the second material separator (19) is rotated to the horizontal limit state, waiting for the next loading.