Self-powered double-row intelligent bearing integrated with multi-physical-quantity wireless sensing

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-powered double-row intelligent bearing integrated with multi-physical-quantity wireless sensing, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical state monitoring. Comprising a double-row rolling bearing, a self-powered module, a multi-physical-quantity wireless sensing module and an externally-hung shell. The self-powered module collects mechanical energy of rotation of the bearing and converts the mechanical energy into electric energy to supply energy to the system, so that real wireless work is realized; in-situ and multi-dimensional cooperative sensing of the running state of the bearing is realized through an all-dimensional sensing unit integrating temperature, vibration, acoustics, rotating speed and axial and radial loads; and through the innovative design of the externally-hung shell, high-density integration and electromagnetic compatibility of all modules are realized on the premise of ensuring stable installation and not influencing normal operation of the bearing. The problems of wired dependence, scattered sensor arrangement, limited energy supply and the like of a traditional bearing monitoring mode are solved, and a high-performance and high-reliability integrated solution is provided for intelligent diagnosis and predictive maintenance of industrial equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rotating machinery fault diagnosis technology, and relates to bearing diagnosis, specifically to a self-powered double-row intelligent bearing that integrates wireless sensing of multiple physical quantities. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of mechanical equipment, bearings directly affect the reliability, safety, and service life of the entire system. Especially in high-end equipment fields such as heavy machine tools, wind power generation, construction machinery, and rail transportation, double-row roller bearings and double-row ball bearings are widely used due to their ability to simultaneously withstand enormous radial and axial loads, high rigidity, and good stability. However, these bearings typically operate under extreme and harsh conditions such as high speed, heavy load, and variable load. Bearing failure can lead to system downtime and even serious safety accidents. Therefore, achieving real-time and accurate monitoring of bearing operating status has crucial engineering value.

[0003] Currently, bearing condition monitoring technology mainly relies on installing external sensors (such as vibration sensors, acoustic sensors, and temperature sensors) on the bearing housing or enclosure. However, this external monitoring method has inherent technical limitations: First, the sensor is separated from the bearing body, and the monitoring signal passes through various mechanical components in the transmission path, making it susceptible to attenuation and distortion due to mechanical structure and noise interference, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio and poor monitoring accuracy; second, the wiring is complex, especially in rotating parts or confined spaces, where cable laying, wiring, and maintenance are extremely difficult, leading to low reliability.

[0004] To address these issues, academia and industry have begun exploring "smart bearing" technology, which integrates sensing units directly into the bearing body. However, when engineering applications of smart bearing technology, particularly for complex and space-constrained double-row roller and ball bearings, several long-standing and unresolved key technical bottlenecks remain: (1) Bottleneck in the synchronous sensing and integration of multiple physical parameters: Existing research on smart bearings focuses on the monitoring of a single or a few physical quantities (such as monitoring only vibration or temperature). However, the failure modes of bearings are complex, and a single piece of information cannot fully reflect their true health status. To simultaneously and accurately detect multiple heterogeneous physical quantities such as axial load, radial load, inner and outer ring temperature, vibration, sound, and rotational speed, it is necessary to integrate multiple sensitive units in a high density within the limited internal space of the bearing. This brings huge challenges in terms of space constraints, signal interference, and structural limitations. Especially under the harsh conditions that require ensuring normal lubrication and clearance of double-row rollers, existing technologies are unable to achieve high-fidelity synchronous sensing of multiple physical quantities.

[0005] (2) Bottleneck of continuous and stable power supply: The integrated monitoring system requires a continuous power supply. If wired power supply is used, it deviates from the original intention of the intelligent bearing integration, and the wiring problem still exists; if battery power supply is used, the limited battery capacity is difficult to meet the long-term and continuous monitoring needs, and the reliability and lifespan of the battery cannot be guaranteed in harsh environments such as high and low temperatures and high-speed rotation. Regularly replacing the battery is impractical in most industrial scenarios. Stable energy supply has become one of the most critical bottlenecks restricting the long-term and autonomous operation of intelligent bearings.

[0006] (3) Bottleneck of wireless data transmission and bearing structure compatibility: Even if the sensing and power supply problems are solved, the transmission of monitoring data is still a challenge. Traditional wired transmission methods suffer from wear and noise and are not suitable for high-speed applications. When using wireless transmission technology, the shielding effect of the bearing's metal structure on radio signals is very significant. At the same time, integrating an antenna in the narrow space of the bearing and ensuring its transmission performance without compromising the overall mechanical strength and dynamic balance of the bearing is a huge challenge in engineering implementation.

[0007] In summary, current technologies lack a fundamental solution to the integrated challenge of "multi-dimensional information sensing, autonomous energy supply, and reliable wireless data transmission" without compromising the original mechanical properties and structural compactness of double-row rolling bearings. This severely hinders the large-scale industrial application of intelligent bearings, especially double-row rolling bearings designed for heavy-duty applications, in high-end equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered dual-row smart bearing that integrates wireless sensing of multiple physical quantities to solve the above problems.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A self-powered dual-row intelligent bearing integrating multi-physical quantity wireless sensing includes a dual-row rolling bearing, a self-powered module, a multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module, and an external housing.

[0010] The double-row rolling bearing includes a stationary outer ring, a rotating inner ring assembled inside different outer rings, and double-row rollers or balls disposed between the stationary outer ring and the rotating inner ring; wherein the external housing is coaxially fixedly connected to the stationary outer ring. The self-powered module includes a non-magnetic fixing ring, a magnet, a stator coil, and a coil positioning ring. The non-magnetic fixing ring is fixed to the inner rotating ring, and the magnet is fixed to the non-magnetic fixing ring. The stator coil is fixed by the coil positioning ring, and the stator coil and the magnet are positioned opposite each other. The coil positioning ring is fixed to the external housing. The coil positioning ring and the non-magnetic fixing ring are coaxial. The multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module includes an integrated circuit board and a power management unit, a physical sensing unit, and a control transmission unit mounted on the integrated circuit board. The power management unit stores the electrical energy generated by the self-powered module and supplies power to the physical sensing unit and the control transmission unit. The physical sensing unit collects the physical signals generated when the double-row rolling bearing rotates. The control transmission unit processes the collected physical signals and sends them to an external receiving device. The integrated circuit board is fixed on the external housing and is located between the coil positioning ring and the external housing.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple magnets are evenly distributed along the circumference on a non-magnetic fixing ring and are positioned in the magnet limiting holes of the non-magnetic fixing ring; multiple stator coils are evenly distributed along the circumference on a coil positioning ring and are fixed by coil support columns on the coil positioning ring; wherein, multiple stator coils are connected in series, and the two ends of the series connection are connected to the integrated circuit board through wires.

[0012] The magnets are positioned directly opposite the stator coils.

[0013] Furthermore, an insulating nut is installed on the side of the coil positioning ring that is not fixed to the stator coil to achieve electrical isolation.

[0014] Furthermore, the power management module includes a lithium polymer battery, a field-effect transistor, a battery management module, a full-wave bridge rectifier, a low-power boost charger and buck converter, and an ultra-low quiescent current synchronous boost converter. The lithium polymer battery is charged by converting the output DC power through the full-wave bridge rectifier, the low-power boost charger and buck converter, and the ultra-low quiescent current synchronous boost converter. At the same time, the output of the lithium polymer battery is controlled by the field-effect transistor and the battery management module to power the physical sensing unit and the control transmission unit.

[0015] Furthermore, the lithium polymer battery is fixed in a pre-defined lithium polymer battery accommodating area on the integrated circuit board.

[0016] Furthermore, the physical sensing unit includes a temperature sensing device, an acoustic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a Hall switch sensor, and a load sensing unit. Temperature sensors are mounted on the integrated circuit board to measure the temperature of the stationary outer ring and the rotating inner ring; acoustic sensors are symmetrically mounted on the integrated circuit board, with the acoustic sensors facing the stationary outer ring; acceleration sensors are symmetrically mounted on the integrated circuit board, with the acceleration sensors facing the stationary outer ring; Hall effect switch sensors are symmetrically mounted on the integrated circuit board, facing the magnet fixed on the non-magnetic retaining ring. The load sensing unit includes an axial load sensing unit and a radial load sensing unit; the axial load sensing unit includes four axial strain gauges attached to the surface of the stationary outer ring in the radial direction. The axial strain gauges form a fully active arm Wheatstone full-bridge circuit to monitor the axial load on the bearing and transmit the signal to the control transmission unit through a high-precision instrumentation amplifier. The radial load sensing unit includes four radial strain gauges attached to the surface of the stationary outer ring along the circumferential direction. The radial strain gauges form a fully active arm Wheatstone full-bridge circuit to monitor the radial load on the bearing and transmit the signal to the control transmission unit through a high-precision instrumentation amplifier. The high-precision instrumentation amplifiers are all mounted on the integrated circuit board.

[0017] Furthermore, the control and transmission unit includes a microprocessor chip, a wireless transmission chip, and a low-power flash memory chip; the microprocessor chip receives and processes the sensing data from the physical sensing unit, and simultaneously controls the battery management unit; the wireless transmission chip sends the digital data processed by the microprocessor chip to an external receiving device; and the low-power flash memory chip is used for temporary data storage.

[0018] Furthermore, the native output voltage of the self-powered module is monitored by a precision voltage detection enhanced isolation amplifier and transmitted to the control transmission unit; this isolation amplifier is mounted on the integrated circuit board.

[0019] Furthermore, the external housing is a ring with a groove; the thickness and diameter of the outer ring are the same as those of the stationary outer ring; the diameter of the inner ring is larger than that of the rotating inner ring; the coil positioning ring and the integrated circuit board are both set in the groove.

[0020] Furthermore, the outer ring of the external housing has multiple magnet limiting holes along the circumference for installing the adsorption magnets. The adsorption magnets and the magnets on the non-magnetic fixing ring are staggered to avoid magnetic interference.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) This invention integrates self-powered, multi-physical quantity sensing, signal processing and wireless transmission modules into a double-row rolling bearing unit, realizing synchronous monitoring of multiple key physical quantities such as temperature, vibration, acoustics, speed, axial and radial loads, and solving the problems of complex structure, inconvenient installation and asynchronous data of traditional distributed monitoring systems.

[0022] (2) This invention cleverly utilizes the rotational mechanical energy of the double-row rolling bearing itself to design a high-efficiency self-powered module containing a circular magnet and a stator coil, which can continuously provide power to the entire sensing system. Combined with a power management unit and an energy storage battery, it realizes autonomous energy management, enabling the bearing to work wirelessly for a long time, freeing it from dependence on external power sources and cables, and greatly expanding its application scenarios.

[0023] (3) The external housing adopts a design with the same thickness and diameter as the outer ring of the bearing, and is fixed by magnetic adsorption, which ensures the stability of the installation and the compactness of the structure. There is a gap between the inner ring of the housing and the rotating shaft, which effectively avoids contact friction with the rotating parts, and at the same time reserves space for the slight axial displacement of the inner ring of the bearing, ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the monitoring system under the premise of normal bearing operation. In addition, by using components such as insulating nuts, electrical isolation between the self-powered module and the high-sensitivity sensing module is achieved, effectively eliminating electromagnetic interference and ensuring the accuracy and precision of the monitoring data.

[0024] (4) This invention employs a unique sensor layout. For example, it uses four strain gauges to form a Wheatstone full-bridge circuit for measuring the load, which significantly improves the measurement sensitivity and anti-interference capability. It also uses symmetrically arranged dual Hall sensors to monitor the rotational speed, which improves the reliability and accuracy of the measurement through data complementarity. Furthermore, it employs multiple temperature sensors and calculates the average value to ensure the accuracy of temperature monitoring. These designs together constitute a high-precision and high-reliability sensing system.

[0025] (5) This invention not only realizes real-time wireless data transmission, but also provides key evidence for early fault diagnosis of double-row rolling bearings by monitoring deep-level electrical signals such as the native output voltage of the self-powered module. The multi-dimensional and high-precision data stream output provides a solid data foundation for predictive maintenance and health management of equipment, and has extremely high industrial application value.

[0026] In summary, this invention, through highly integrated design, achieves a complete closed loop from self-supplied energy to wireless sensing of multiple physical quantities, completely eliminating dependence on external power sources and cables. The innovative structural design and redundant sensing strategy, while ensuring the normal operation of the double-row rolling bearing body, significantly improve the multidimensionality, accuracy, and reliability of monitoring data, providing a complete solution for intelligent condition monitoring and predictive maintenance of double-row rolling bearings.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1This is an exploded view of a self-powered dual-row smart bearing with integrated multi-physical quantity wireless sensing, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A front view of a self-powered dual-row intelligent bearing; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a self-powered double-row intelligent bearing AA. Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a self-powered double-row intelligent bearing BB; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a self-powered double-row ball bearing structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the shell; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the non-magnetic fixing ring structure of the self-powered module; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the coil positioning ring structure for a self-powered module; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module on the front of the integrated circuit board, where the front of the integrated circuit board faces the double-row rolling bearings; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module on the back of the integrated circuit board, where the back of the integrated circuit board faces the external housing; Figure 11 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a lithium polymer battery for a self-powered module; Figure 12 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the temperature sensing device; Figure 13 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a digital MEMS acoustic sensor; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a triaxial capacitive MEMS accelerometer; Figure 15 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a precision voltage sensing enhanced isolation amplifier; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the pinout of a high-precision instrumentation amplifier. Figure 17 Schematic diagram of Hall switch sensor; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the pinout of a wireless transmission chip. Figure 19 A 3D schematic diagram of a low-power flash memory chip; Reference numerals: 1. Stationary outer ring; 2. Roller; 3. Rotating inner ring; 4. Double-row rolling bearing; 5. Radial strain gauge; 6. Axial strain gauge; 7. Non-magnetic retaining ring; 8. Circular magnet; 9. Retaining nut; 10. Stator coil; 11. Coil positioning ring; 12. Insulating nut; 13. Integrated circuit board; 14. Limiting nut; 15. Adsorption magnet; 16. External housing; 17. Support bolt; 18. System reset window; 19. Lithium polymer battery limiting groove; 20. Ball bearing; 21. Magnet limiting hole; 22. Bolt mounting hole; 23. Signal transmission window; 24. Magnet limiting hole; 25. Coil support column; 26. Bolt hole; 27. Magnetic field. 28. Microprocessor chip; 29. ​​First high-precision instrumentation amplifier; 30. Second high-precision instrumentation amplifier; 31. Digital MEMS acoustic sensor; 32. Hall switch sensor; 33. Temperature sensing device; 34. Bolt limit hole; 35. System reset button; 36. Triaxial capacitive MEMS accelerometer; 37. Wireless transmission chip; 38. Low-power flash memory chip; 39. Isolated amplifier; 40. Field-effect transistor; 41. Battery management module; 42. Lithium polymer battery housing area; 43. Full-wave bridge rectifier; 44. Micropower boost charger and buck converter; 45. Ultra-low quiescent current synchronous boost converter. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0030] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0031] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] This invention provides a self-powered double-row intelligent bearing integrating multi-physical quantity wireless sensing, comprising a double-row rolling bearing, a self-powered module, a multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module, and an external housing. The self-powered module collects the mechanical energy generated during bearing rotation and converts it into electrical energy. The multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module, controlled by a microprocessor, monitors in real time the bearing's inner and outer ring temperatures, vibration signals, sound signals, axial load, radial load, inner ring rotational speed, and voltage amplitude. The monitored data is transmitted to the wireless transmission module for wireless data transmission.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a self-powered double-row intelligent bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes a double-row rolling bearing 4, a self-powered module, a multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module, and an external housing 16.

[0034] The double-row rolling bearing 4 includes a stationary outer ring 1 and a rotating inner ring 3, with double-row rollers 2 or balls 20 disposed between them. The rotating inner ring 3 is mounted on the inner side of the stationary outer ring 1.

[0035] The self-powered module includes a non-magnetic fixing ring 7, a circular magnet 8, a fixing nut 9, a stator coil 10, a coil positioning ring 11, an insulating nut 12, and a support bolt 17. The non-magnetic fixing ring 7 is fixed to the inner rotating ring of the double-row rolling bearing 4 via an interference fit. The circular magnet 8 is mounted on the non-magnetic fixing ring 7 and rotates synchronously with the inner rotating ring 3. The stator coil 10 is positioned by the coil positioning ring 11 and is arranged directly opposite the circular magnet 8 to generate a consistent induced voltage in each coil during rotation, achieving efficient acquisition of rotational mechanical energy. The coil positioning ring 11 is mounted to the external housing 16 via the support bolt 17 and the fixing nut 9. The insulating nut 12 is located between the stator coil 10 and the multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module for electrical insulation, eliminating signal interference from the self-powered module to the sensing module and ensuring monitoring accuracy.

[0036] The multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module includes an axial strain gauge 6, a radial strain gauge 5, a sensor chip, a microprocessor chip 28, a wireless transmission chip 37, a lithium polymer battery, an integrated circuit board 13, etc. The axial strain gauge 6 and the radial strain gauge 5 are respectively fixed to the axial and circumferential directions of the stationary outer ring 1 using epoxy resin adhesive, for collecting strain signals in different directions. The lithium polymer battery receives and stores the electrical energy generated by its own power supply, while also powering the sensor chip and other electrical units. The sensor chip, microprocessor chip 28, and wireless transmission chip 39 are all soldered onto the integrated circuit board 13, together forming the signal acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission circuit. The integrated circuit board 13 is fixed to the external housing 16 through its pre-set bolt limiting holes 34, using support bolts 17 passing through the bolt limiting holes 34 and fixed nuts 9 for connection.

[0037] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the non-magnetic fixing ring 7 in the self-powered module is assembled to the rotating inner ring 3 by an interference fit and rotates synchronously with the rotating inner ring 3. The non-magnetic fixing ring 7 has magnet limiting holes 24 for mounting circular magnets 8, which are distributed at 15° intervals along the circumference. The coil positioning ring 11 is connected to the fixing nut 9 by a support bolt 17 passing through bolt holes 26, thus achieving coaxial fixation with the non-magnetic fixing ring 7. The coil positioning ring 11 has coil support columns 25 for mounting stator coils 10, ensuring that each stator coil 10 is also arranged at 15° intervals and directly opposite the circular magnets 8, thereby ensuring that the induced voltages of each coil are in phase and avoiding voltage cancellation. To further achieve speed monitoring, a magnetic induction window 27 is provided directly above the Hall switch sensor, effectively sensing changes in the magnetic field based on the Hall sensing principle, ensuring the reliability of the speed detection of the rotating inner ring 3. Furthermore, since the self-powered module is based on electromagnetic induction power generation, to reduce its interference with the multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module, an insulating nut 12 is used for electrical isolation on the back of the coil positioning ring 11.

[0038] In this circuit, multiple stator coils 10 on the coil positioning ring 11 are connected in series, and the two ends of the series connection are connected to the integrated circuit board 13 through wires. The alternating current generated in the stator coils 10 is transmitted to the traces of the integrated circuit board 13, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and storing and utilizing it to achieve the purpose of self-powered operation.

[0039] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module is a monitoring system developed based on integrated circuit board 13, which integrates a power management unit, a physical sensing unit, and a control transmission unit.

[0040] The power management unit includes a full-wave bridge rectifier 43, a low-power boost charger and buck converter 44, and an ultra-low quiescent current synchronous boost converter 45. The AC power generated by the self-powered module is rectified and converted into stable 3.3V and 5V DC power by this power management unit. The 3.3V DC power charges the lithium polymer battery, whose output is controlled by a field-effect transistor 40 and a battery management module 41, thus powering the entire multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module. Furthermore, the AC power generated by the self-powered module is monitored by a precision voltage detection enhanced isolation amplifier 39. The voltage signal output by the amplifier is subsequently transmitted to the control transmission unit and can be used as a basis for bearing fault diagnosis. To avoid cell temperature drift caused by heat generation during lithium polymer battery charging, which could affect sensor accuracy, a dedicated lithium polymer battery housing area 42 is provided on the back of the integrated circuit board 13. No sensor chips are placed within this housing area. The three-dimensional schematics of the lithium polymer battery and the precision voltage detection enhanced isolation amplifier are shown below. Figure 11 and Figure 15 As shown.

[0041] The physical sensing unit includes: ① Temperature monitoring unit: Composed of four temperature sensing devices 33, which are mounted on the integrated circuit board 13, such as... Figure 9 As shown, two temperature sensors 33 are located on the rotating inner ring 3 to measure its temperature, while the other two temperature sensors 33 are located on the stationary outer ring 1 to measure its temperature. The accuracy of temperature monitoring is improved by calculating the average value of the measurements from the temperature sensors 33. Each temperature sensor 33 is powered by a 5V DC output from the power management unit. The temperature sensors are described as follows: Figure 12 As shown.

[0042] ② Vibration and Acoustic Signal Monitoring Unit: This unit consists of two digital MEMS acoustic sensors 31 and two triaxial capacitive MEMS accelerometers 36, all facing the stationary outer ring 1 and symmetrically arranged on the integrated circuit board 13. It is used to collect the vibration and acoustic emission signals of the bearing. The digital MEMS acoustic sensors 31 and the triaxial capacitive MEMS accelerometers 36 are respectively as follows... Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown.

[0043] ③ Speed ​​Monitoring Unit: Composed of two Hall effect switch sensors 32, positioned opposite the circular magnet 8 in the self-powered module and symmetrically arranged on the integrated circuit board 13. The Hall effect switch sensors 32 obtain the rotational speed of the inner ring 3 of the bearing by monitoring the frequency of the magnet's passage. The data from the two sensors can complement and verify each other, thereby further improving the reliability of speed measurement. The Hall effect switch sensors 32 are as follows... Figure 17 As shown.

[0044] ④ Bearing load sensing unit: Axial load sensing unit: includes four axial strain gauges 6 radially attached to the surface of the stationary outer ring 1. The four axial strain gauges 6 form a "fully active arm" Wheatstone full-bridge circuit and are connected to the first high-precision instrumentation amplifier 29 for monitoring the axial load on the bearing. Radial load sensing unit: includes four radial strain gauges 5 attached to the surface of the stationary outer ring 1 in a circumferential direction. The four radial strain gauges 5 form a "fully active arm" Wheatstone full-bridge circuit and are connected to the second high-precision instrumentation amplifier 30 for monitoring the radial load on the bearing.

[0045] Among them, high-precision instrumentation amplifiers such as Figure 16 As shown.

[0046] The control and transmission unit includes a microprocessor chip 28, a wireless transmission chip 37, and a low-power flash memory chip 38. The microprocessor chip 28 is used for system control and data fusion; the processed digital signal is transmitted to an external receiving device via the wireless transmission chip 37. The low-power flash memory chip 38 is used as a data buffer for temporary data storage to ensure stable data transmission. The wireless transmission chip 37 and the low-power flash memory chip 38 are respectively as follows... Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown.

[0047] The external housing 16 is a ring structure made of polyethylene. Its outer ring thickness and diameter are the same as those of the stationary outer ring 1, so as to achieve flush installation. Its inner ring diameter is larger than that of the rotating inner ring 3, so as to ensure that it does not directly contact the rotating inner ring 3.

[0048] The external housing 16 is coaxially fixedly connected to the stationary outer ring 1. The housing has bolt mounting holes 22 for mounting and fixing the coil positioning ring 11 and the integrated circuit board 13, thereby achieving encapsulation and mechanical protection of the self-powered module and the multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module. The external housing 16 has a system reset window 18 for facilitating system reset of the multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module. In addition, the housing also has a lithium polymer battery limiting groove 19 for easy battery installation and replacement. To further enhance the connection stability between the housing and the bearing outer ring, the outer ring of the housing has multiple magnet limiting holes for mounting the adsorption magnets 15. These magnets are evenly spaced at 20° intervals along the circumference and are staggered to avoid magnetic interference with the circular magnet 8 in the self-powered module. To optimize wireless communication performance, a signal transmission window 23 is provided at the position corresponding to the wireless transmission chip 37 to improve data transmission reliability.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered double-row intelligent bearing integrating multi-physical quantity wireless sensing, characterized in that, It includes a double-row rolling bearing, a self-powered module, a multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module, and an external housing; A double-row rolling bearing includes a stationary outer ring, a rotating inner ring fitted inside different outer rings, and double-row rollers or balls disposed between the stationary outer ring and the rotating inner ring; wherein, the external housing is coaxially fixedly connected to the stationary outer ring; The self-powered module includes a non-magnetic fixing ring, a magnet, a stator coil, and a coil positioning ring. The non-magnetic fixing ring is fixed to the inner rotating ring, and the magnet is fixed to the non-magnetic fixing ring. The stator coil is fixed by the coil positioning ring, and the stator coil and the magnet are positioned opposite each other. The coil positioning ring is fixed to the external housing. The coil positioning ring and the non-magnetic fixing ring are coaxial. The multi-physical quantity wireless sensing module includes an integrated circuit board and a power management unit, a physical sensing unit, and a control transmission unit mounted on the integrated circuit board. The power management unit stores the electrical energy generated by the self-powered module and supplies power to the physical sensing unit and the control transmission unit. The physical sensing unit collects the physical signals generated when the double-row rolling bearing rotates. The control transmission unit processes the collected physical signals and sends them to an external receiving device. The integrated circuit board is fixed on the external housing and is located between the coil positioning ring and the external housing.

2. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple magnets are evenly distributed along the circumference on a non-magnetic fixing ring and are positioned in the magnet limiting holes of the non-magnetic fixing ring. Multiple stator coils are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference on the coil positioning ring and are fixed by coil support columns on the coil positioning ring; the multiple stator coils are connected in series, and the two ends of the series connection are connected to the integrated circuit board through wires; The magnets are positioned directly opposite the stator coils.

3. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, An insulating nut is installed on the side of the coil positioning ring that is not fixed to the stator coil to achieve electrical isolation.

4. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module includes a lithium polymer battery, a field-effect transistor, a battery management module, a full-wave bridge rectifier, a low-power boost charger and buck converter, and an ultra-low quiescent current synchronous boost converter. The lithium polymer battery is charged by converting the DC output from the full-wave bridge rectifier, the low-power boost charger and buck converter, and the ultra-low quiescent current synchronous boost converter. At the same time, the output of the lithium polymer battery is controlled by the field-effect transistor and the battery management module to power the physical sensing unit and the control transmission unit.

5. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lithium polymer battery is fixed in a pre-defined lithium polymer battery accommodating area on the integrated circuit board.

6. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical sensing unit includes a temperature sensing device, an acoustic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a Hall switch sensor, and a load sensing unit; Temperature sensors are mounted on the integrated circuit board to measure the temperature of the stationary outer ring and the rotating inner ring; acoustic sensors are symmetrically mounted on the integrated circuit board, with the acoustic sensors facing the stationary outer ring; acceleration sensors are symmetrically mounted on the integrated circuit board, with the acceleration sensors facing the stationary outer ring; Hall effect switch sensors are symmetrically mounted on the integrated circuit board, facing the magnet fixed on the non-magnetic retaining ring. The load sensing unit includes an axial load sensing unit and a radial load sensing unit; the axial load sensing unit includes four axial strain gauges attached to the surface of the stationary outer ring in the radial direction. The axial strain gauges form a fully active arm Wheatstone full-bridge circuit to monitor the axial load on the bearing and transmit the signal to the control transmission unit through a high-precision instrumentation amplifier. The radial load sensing unit includes four radial strain gauges attached to the surface of the stationary outer ring along the circumferential direction. The radial strain gauges form a fully active arm Wheatstone full-bridge circuit to monitor the radial load on the bearing and transmit the signal to the control transmission unit through a high-precision instrumentation amplifier. The high-precision instrumentation amplifiers are all mounted on the integrated circuit board.

7. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and transmission unit includes a microprocessor chip, a wireless transmission chip, and a low-power flash memory chip; the microprocessor chip receives and processes the sensing data from the physical sensing unit, and simultaneously controls the battery management unit; the wireless transmission chip sends the digital data processed by the microprocessor chip to an external receiving device; and the low-power flash memory chip is used for temporary data storage.

8. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The native output voltage of the self-powered module is monitored by a precision voltage detection enhanced isolation amplifier and transmitted to the control transmission unit; the isolation amplifier is mounted on the integrated circuit board.

9. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external housing is a ring with grooves; the thickness and diameter of the outer ring are the same as those of the stationary outer ring; the diameter of the inner ring is larger than that of the rotating inner ring; the coil positioning ring and the integrated circuit board are both set in the grooves.

10. The self-powered double-row intelligent bearing according to claim 9, characterized in that, The outer ring of the external housing has multiple magnet limiting holes along the circumference for installing the adsorption magnets. The adsorption magnets and the magnets on the non-magnetic fixing ring are staggered to avoid magnetic interference.

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