Commutator and motor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and discloses a commutator and a motor, the commutator comprises an insulating sleeve, and the outer side of the insulating sleeve is fixedly connected with a plurality of commutator segments; wherein the commutator segment is made of an aluminum magnesium alloy, and the commutator segment comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.0% to 10.0% of Mg, 0.5% to 2.0% of Si, 0.1% to 1.5% of Cu, 0.05% to 0.8% of Mn, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. According to the commutator and the commutator segment in the embodiment of the invention, by controlling the proportion of Mg and Si, a uniformly distributed strengthening phase is formed, the microstructure improves the strength and the conductivity of the commutator segment, and an unexpected technical effect is achieved, so that the commutator has excellent conductivity, high strength, high wear resistance and low specific gravity; and the service life of the commutator is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor technology, and in particular to a commutator and a motor. Background Technology

[0002] Electric motors are essential basic equipment in industry, transportation, national defense, and daily life. The commutator is an important component of the armature of DC motors and AC commutator motors. The commutator is cylindrical or disc-shaped and has multiple commutator segments. When the armature rotates, the commutator segments successively contact the fixed brushes. In DC motors, the AC current in the armature winding is converted into DC current between the brushes through the brushes and the commutator.

[0003] Currently, commutator segments are typically made of pure copper or copper alloys, which have drawbacks such as high density, high cost, and insufficient wear resistance. While using aluminum-based alloys can reduce the density, their strength, wear resistance, and conductivity are inferior. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the aforementioned technical problems. To this end, the present invention proposes a commutator and a motor, wherein the commutator uses commutator segments made of aluminum-magnesium alloy, which have excellent conductivity, high strength, high wear resistance and low specific gravity.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a commutator includes an insulating sleeve, wherein a plurality of commutator segments are fixedly connected to the outer side of the insulating sleeve; The commutator segment is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy, and its composition by weight percentage includes: Mg: 3.0% to 10.0%, Si: 0.5% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.1% to 1.5%, Mn: 0.05% to 0.8%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0006] The commutator according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: In this embodiment of the invention, the commutator segments achieve a uniform distribution by controlling the ratio of Mg and Si. Strengthening phase, The microstructure of the commutator improves the strength and conductivity of the commutator segment, achieving unexpected technical effects. The commutator segment has the following advantages: 1. High conductivity, with a conductivity of ≥85% IACS, which is superior to conventional aluminum-magnesium alloys; 2. High strength, with tensile strength ≥280 MPa and yield strength ≥220 MPa; 3. Excellent wear resistance, with wear resistance (tested by ring block wear test) improved by more than 20%, good matching with carbon brushes, and low wear rate; 4. Good corrosion resistance, suitable for harsh environments such as humidity and salt spray; 5. Lightweight, the commutator of this invention has a 35% lower density compared with traditional copper-based commutators, which is beneficial for the lightweight design of motors.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the aluminum-magnesium alloy contains no more than 0.2% impurities.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the method for preparing the aluminum-magnesium alloy includes the following steps: S100: Weigh the raw materials according to the proportion, and the melting temperature is 720℃ to 780℃; S200: After standing, it is cast into ingots; S300: Homogenize heat treatment at a temperature of 500°C to 550°C for 4 to 8 hours; S400: First hot-rolled, then cold-rolled; S500: Solution treatment at a temperature of 520°C to 560°C for 1 to 3 hours; S600: Aging treatment, temperature 160℃ to 200℃, duration 6 to 12 hours.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, step S100 includes step S110: adding a refining agent for refining, degassing and removing slag.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the outer peripheral wall of the insulating sleeve is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed partition grooves. The commutator segments themselves are mutually insulated. During motor operation, the carbon brushes rub against the commutator segments, causing some carbon powder to fall off. Some of the carbon powder will deposit in the commutator segment grooves. Because carbon powder is conductive, excessive deposited carbon powder will reduce the insulation between commutator segments, and may even cause adjacent commutator segments to conduct directly, which may lead to arcing or even ring fire, seriously affecting the operation and performance of the motor. A plurality of flow guiding devices are arranged in each partition groove. Each flow guiding device includes two symmetrically arranged air guide vanes, and the gap between the two air guide vanes is designed to gradually narrow. During the rotation of the commutator, airflow flows from the partition grooves and passes through the flow guiding devices. Because the gap between the two air guide vanes of the flow guiding device gradually narrows, the airflow velocity is increased, thereby carrying away the carbon powder that falls into the partition grooves and preventing carbon powder from depositing in the commutator segment grooves, thus preventing a decrease in the insulation performance between commutator segments and affecting the performance of the motor. It should be understood that the gap between the two air guide vanes can be oriented in the axial direction of the insulating sleeve to match the airflow direction inside the motor and blow away the carbon powder; or it can be oriented in the radial direction of the insulating sleeve, so that when the commutator rotates, the airflow passes through the gap between the two air guide vanes due to the centrifugal force and can also carry away the carbon powder.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, one end of the air guide vane connected to the side wall of the partition groove is the root, and the other end is the top, and the thickness of the air guide vane gradually increases from the root to the top.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the opposing surfaces of the two air guide vanes are configured as arc-shaped surfaces, and the top is configured as a semi-cylindrical surface.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the air guiding device includes a sweeping blade, the inner end of the sweeping blade is provided with a rotating shaft, the air guide plate is provided with a shaft hole that cooperates with the rotating shaft, and the shaft hole is arranged in the middle of the air guide plate along the radial direction of the insulating sleeve.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, a support portion is provided on the opposite surface of the two air guide vanes, the support portion being located on the root sidewall of the air guide vanes, and the outer end of the sweeping blade abuts against the two support portions.

[0015] The motor according to a second aspect embodiment of the present invention includes a commutator as described in any one of the first aspect embodiments.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a commutator according to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flow guiding device according to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a flow guiding device according to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0018] The attached icons are numbered as follows: Insulating sleeve 100, dividing groove 110, commutator 200, flow guiding device 300, air guide vane 310, shaft hole 311, support part 312, sweeping blade 320, rotating shaft 321. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0022] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of these terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution. In the description of this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0023] In the field of electrical equipment such as motors, the commutator is a key component, and its performance directly affects the operational stability and service life of the entire equipment. (Refer to...) Figures 1 to 5 An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a commutator designed to improve the performance of the commutator by employing commutator segments with specific material formulations and structural design.

[0024] The core structure of the commutator includes an insulating sleeve 100 and multiple commutator segments 200. The insulating sleeve 100 plays an important role in electrical insulation and mechanical support in the entire commutator. It is usually made of materials with good insulation properties, such as engineering plastics. It not only has excellent insulation characteristics, which can effectively prevent current from being accidentally conducted between the commutator segments 200 and ensure the safe operation of the motor, but also has high mechanical strength and heat resistance.

[0025] Multiple commutator segments 200 are fixedly connected to the outside of the insulating sleeve 100. These segments are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the insulating sleeve 100, and their number depends on the specific design requirements of the motor, typically ranging from 12 to 36. The spacing between the commutator segments 200 is precisely calculated to ensure that the brushes can slide smoothly on the surface of the commutator segments 200 during motor rotation, achieving accurate current commutation. There are various methods for fixing the commutator segments 200 to the insulating sleeve 100, with riveting or welding being common.

[0026] The commutator segment 200 used in this application is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy. The composition of the aluminum-magnesium alloy by weight percentage includes: Mg: 3.0% to 10.0%, Si: 0.5% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.1% to 1.5%, Mn: 0.05% to 0.8%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0027] Magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) are the main strengthening elements in aluminum-magnesium alloys. When the magnesium content is in the range of 3.0% to 10.0% and the silicon content is in the range of 0.5% to 2.0%, it can form with silicon (Si) Strengthening phase, Strengthening phases in aluminum-magnesium alloys can effectively hinder dislocation movement, thereby improving the strength of aluminum-magnesium alloys.

[0028] The copper (Cu) content ranges from 0.1% to 1.5%, and its main function in aluminum-magnesium alloys is to improve the alloy's electrical conductivity. Copper atoms can partially replace aluminum atoms in the crystal lattice, reducing electron scattering and thus improving the alloy's conductivity. At the same time, an appropriate amount of copper can also improve the alloy's strength and heat resistance to some extent.

[0029] The content of manganese (Mn) is between 0.05% and 0.8%. In aluminum-magnesium alloys, manganese mainly plays the role of refining grains. It can inhibit grain growth in the aluminum matrix during solidification, making the grains smaller and more uniform, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the alloy.

[0030] Aluminum (Al), as the matrix material, provides the alloy with good electrical conductivity and ductility. Unavoidable impurities are elements that are inevitably introduced during the raw material production and processing, and do not significantly affect the alloy's properties.

[0031] Through precise control of the material composition of the commutator segment 200 and a reasonable manufacturing process, the commutator segment 200 in this embodiment of the invention forms a uniformly distributed... The reinforced phase ensures that the commutator segment 200 maintains both high strength and good conductivity. During motor operation, the commutator segment 200 needs to withstand the frictional force of the brushes and the heat generated when current flows. High strength ensures that the commutator segment 200 is not easily deformed or worn during long-term use, while good conductivity reduces energy loss and improves motor efficiency. Furthermore, the low specific gravity of the aluminum-magnesium alloy reduces the overall weight of the commutator, lowers the motor's moment of inertia, and improves the motor's response speed and dynamic performance. Simultaneously, the uniformly distributed... The strengthening phase also improves the wear resistance of the commutator segment 200, reduces the wear between the brush and the commutator segment 200, and further extends the service life of the commutator.

[0032] The aluminum-magnesium alloy used in the commutator segment 200 contains no more than 0.2% impurities. Controlling the impurity content is extremely critical during the actual manufacturing process. High-precision melting equipment must be used during alloy smelting to prevent the introduction of external impurities. Through strict control of raw materials and the melting process, the impurity content in the aluminum-magnesium alloy can be effectively guaranteed to be no more than 0.2%, thus providing a stable material foundation for the commutator. This ensures that the commutator will not experience performance degradation or damage due to excessive impurities during subsequent use, improving the reliability and service life of the commutator.

[0033] The preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium alloy used in the commutator segment 200 includes: step S100, weighing various raw materials according to the proportion, using a high-precision electronic balance to ensure that the weighing error of each raw material is controlled within a very small range, for example, the weighing error of each raw material does not exceed ±0.1%. The melting temperature is set to 720℃ to 780℃ so that different metal raw materials can be fully melted and fused together.

[0034] After melting is complete, the process proceeds to step S200, where the mixture is allowed to settle before being cast into ingots. The settling process allows sufficient time for impurities and air bubbles in the molten alloy to rise or dissipate; typically, this settling time is 30 to 60 minutes. During settling, the temperature within the melting furnace must be kept stable to prevent uneven alloy quality caused by temperature fluctuations. During casting, appropriate casting molds and casting speed control devices are used. The casting mold material must possess good thermal conductivity and wear resistance, and be able to withstand the impact of the high-temperature molten alloy.

[0035] Step S300 involves homogenization heat treatment at 500℃ to 550℃ for 4 to 8 hours. The purpose of homogenization heat treatment is to eliminate compositional segregation that occurs during the casting process, resulting in a more uniform microstructure. The cast alloy ingot is placed in a heat treatment furnace, and the furnace temperature is slowly increased to the set temperature using a precise temperature control system. Once the set temperature is reached, it is maintained for homogenization treatment. Uniform heating of the alloy ingot during the treatment process can be ensured by setting a reasonable layout of heating elements and ventilation devices within the furnace.

[0036] Step S400 involves hot rolling followed by cold rolling. Hot rolling involves heating the homogenized heat-treated alloy ingot to a suitable temperature and then rolling it. During hot rolling, the rolling speed and rolling force must be carefully controlled to gradually deform the alloy ingot into a sheet or profile of the required shape and size. After hot rolling, the sheet is cooled using either air cooling or water cooling, with the appropriate cooling rate selected based on the alloy's performance requirements. After cooling, cold rolling is performed. Cold rolling further refines the sheet at room temperature to improve its dimensional accuracy and surface quality. During cold rolling, the rolling force and number of rolling passes must be strictly controlled to avoid cracking or other defects caused by excessive rolling force.

[0037] Step S500 is solution treatment, with a temperature of 520℃ to 560℃ and a duration of 1 to 3 hours. Solution treatment involves heating the alloy to a high-temperature single-phase region and maintaining a constant temperature to allow the excess phase to fully dissolve into the solid solution, followed by rapid cooling to obtain a supersaturated solid solution. The cold-rolled sheet is placed in the solution treatment furnace and treated according to the set temperature and time. During heating, it is essential to ensure uniform heating of the sheet to avoid performance differences caused by localized overheating or undercooling. After treatment, the sheet is quickly removed and subjected to water or oil cooling at a sufficiently rapid rate to prevent the re-precipitation of the excess phase.

[0038] Step S600 involves aging treatment at a temperature of 160℃ to 200℃ for 6 to 12 hours. Aging treatment is a process that decomposes supersaturated solid solutions, precipitating strengthening phases to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. The solution-treated plate is placed in an aging furnace, with precise control of temperature and time. During the aging process, a series of phase transformations occur within the alloy, forming fine and uniform strengthening phases, thereby significantly improving the alloy's mechanical properties.

[0039] Furthermore, step S110 is added to step S100 to add a refining agent for refining, degassing, and slag removal. During the aluminum-magnesium alloy smelting process, the raw materials may contain gases (such as hydrogen) and impurities (such as oxides, sulfides, etc.). These gases and impurities can form bubbles and inclusions in the alloy, severely affecting its quality and performance. Adding a refining agent can effectively remove these gases and impurities. After adding the refining agent, thorough stirring is necessary to ensure sufficient contact between the refining agent and the molten alloy, improving the degassing and slag removal effect. Stirring can be performed mechanically or electromagnetically. Mechanical stirring uses the rotation of the stirring paddle to flow the molten alloy, promoting the reaction; electromagnetic stirring uses electromagnetic force to create a rotating flow in the molten alloy, offering advantages such as uniform stirring and no pollution.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 The outer peripheral wall of the insulating sleeve 100 is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed partition grooves 110, and a partition groove 110 is arranged between two adjacent commutator segments 200 to improve the insulation performance of the commutator segments 200.

[0041] During actual operation of the motor, the carbon brush and commutator 200 will rub against each other multiple times. Some carbon powder will fall off as the motor runs, and some of it will fall into the separator groove 110. Since carbon powder itself has good conductivity, the deposited carbon powder will affect the insulation performance between the commutator 200, which will further affect the normal operation and overall performance of the motor and shorten the service life of the motor.

[0042] To address the aforementioned problems caused by carbon powder deposition, multiple flow guiding devices 300 are arranged in the partition trough 110, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the airflow guiding device 300 includes two symmetrically arranged airflow guide vanes 310, with the gap between the two airflow guide vanes 310 gradually narrowing. The structure of the two airflow guide vanes 310 is based on the principles of fluid mechanics. When the commutator rotates, the airflow inside the motor flows accordingly, passing through the partition groove 110. When the airflow passes through the airflow guiding device 300, the gap between the two airflow guide vanes 310 gradually narrows, much like water flowing through a gradually narrowing pipe. According to fluid mechanics, the airflow speed increases significantly when passing through the narrow channel. The high-speed airflow carries away the carbon powder that falls into the partition groove 110, effectively preventing carbon powder from depositing in the grooves of the commutator segments 200, thereby preventing a decrease in the insulation performance between the commutator segments 200 and ensuring the stable performance of the motor.

[0043] Furthermore, the orientation of the gap between the two air guide vanes 310 offers two flexible design options. (See reference...) Figure 2One design involves slits along the axial direction of the insulating sleeve 100, adapting to the airflow direction for heat dissipation inside the motor. Typically, the motor has fan blades to aid rotor cooling. The airflow direction is roughly axial with the insulating sleeve 100, utilizing the high-speed axial airflow to blow away toner from the separator groove 110, achieving efficient toner cleaning. (Refer to...) Figure 3 Another design is that the gap faces radially towards the insulating sleeve 100. When the commutator rotates at high speed, the air in the partition groove 110 will flow radially due to centrifugal force. At this time, the airflow flows through the gradually narrowing gap between the two guide vanes 310, which can also generate high-speed airflow to carry away the toner. Alternatively, the flow guiding device 300 in one part of the partition groove 110 can be designed with the gap along the axial direction of the insulating sleeve 100, while the flow guiding device 300 in another part of the partition groove 110 can be designed with the gap along the radial direction of the insulating sleeve 100, such as an interlaced or symmetrical design.

[0044] Reference Figure 5 The air guide vane 310 connects to the side wall of the partition groove 110 at one end (root) and the other end (top). The thickness of the air guide vane 310 gradually increases from the root to the top, enhancing its structural strength and air guiding effect. Under airflow, the root of the air guide vane 310 experiences less force. By gradually increasing the thickness at the top, the bending strength of the air guide vane 310 is improved, preventing deformation or breakage under airflow impact. Simultaneously, the gradual increase in thickness from the root to the top achieves a gradual narrowing of the gap, improving air guiding efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, the opposing surfaces of the two guide vanes 310 are set as arc-shaped surfaces, and the top is set as a semi-cylindrical surface. Setting the opposing surfaces of the guide vanes 310 as arc-shaped surfaces allows the airflow to transition more smoothly when passing between the two guide vanes 310, reducing airflow resistance and further improving airflow efficiency. Setting the top of the guide vane 310 as a semi-cylindrical surface can, on the one hand, increase the strength of the top of the guide vane 310 and prevent damage to the top under the impact of airflow; on the other hand, the shape of the semi-cylindrical surface can make the airflow diffuse more evenly when leaving the guide vane 310, expanding the range of airflow effect.

[0046] In some embodiments, the air guiding device 300 includes a sweeping blade 320, with a rotating shaft 321 at its inner end. The air guide vane 310 has a shaft hole 311 that mates with the rotating shaft 321. The shaft hole 311 is located in the middle of the air guide vane 310 along the radial direction of the insulating sleeve 100. The sweeping blade 320 is designed to remove carbon powder from the gaps between the two air guide vanes 310, preventing carbon powder from adhering to the surface of the air guide vanes 310. The sweeping blade 320 is connected to the air guide vane 310 via the rotating shaft 321 and can rotate around the rotating shaft 321. When the motor is running, under centrifugal force and airflow, the sweeping blade 320 rotates around the rotating shaft 321, scraping away carbon powder from the gaps during rotation, thus helping to remove carbon powder.

[0047] Furthermore, support portions 312 are provided on the opposite surfaces of the two guide vanes 310. The support portions 312 are located on the root sidewall of the guide vanes 310, and the outer end of the sweeping blade 320 abuts against the two support portions 312. The support portions 312 are provided to support and limit the sweeping blade 320, preventing it from swinging excessively during rotation. At the same time, the support portions 312 can also enhance the structural strength of the root of the guide vanes 310, further improving the overall performance of the guide vanes 310.

[0048] A second aspect of this invention provides an electric motor, including the commutator of the first aspect embodiment. In an electric motor, the commutator is a key component, and its performance directly affects the motor's operational stability and service life. The commutator of this invention, through the use of specially designed aluminum-magnesium alloy commutator segments 200 and a current guiding device 300, provides a high-performance commutator for the motor. The commutator segments 200 possess excellent conductivity, high strength, high wear resistance, and low specific gravity. When subjected to brush friction and heat generated by current flow, the commutator maintains good performance, is not easily damaged, improves the motor's production efficiency and service life, and provides strong support for the stable operation of the motor.

[0049] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A commutator, characterized in that, include: An insulating sleeve, on the outside of which multiple commutator segments are fixedly connected; The commutator segment is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy, and its composition by weight percentage includes: Mg: 3.0% to 10.0%, Si: 0.5% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.1% to 1.5%, Mn: 0.05% to 0.8%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.

2. The commutator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impurities contained in the aluminum-magnesium alloy are no higher than 0.2%.

3. The commutator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium alloy includes the following steps: S100: Weigh the raw materials according to the proportion, and the melting temperature is 720℃ to 780℃; S200: After standing, it is cast into ingots; S300: Homogenize heat treatment at a temperature of 500°C to 550°C for 4 to 8 hours; S400: First hot-rolled, then cold-rolled; S500: Solution treatment at a temperature of 520°C to 560°C for 1 to 3 hours; S600: Aging treatment, temperature 160℃ to 200℃, duration 6 to 12 hours.

4. The commutator according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S100 includes step S110: adding a refining agent for refining, degassing and removing slag.

5. The commutator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer peripheral wall of the insulating sleeve is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed partition grooves, and a plurality of flow guiding devices are arranged in the partition grooves. Each flow guiding device includes two symmetrically arranged air guide vanes, and the gap between the two air guide vanes is designed to gradually narrow.

6. The commutator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air guide vane is connected to the side wall of the partition groove at one end as the root and the other end as the top, and the thickness of the air guide vane gradually increases from the root to the top.

7. The commutator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The opposing surfaces of the two air guide vanes are set as arc-shaped surfaces, and the top is set as a semi-cylindrical surface.

8. The commutator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air guiding device includes sweeping blades, the inner end of which is provided with a rotating shaft, and the air guide plate is provided with a shaft hole that matches the rotating shaft. The shaft hole is arranged in the middle of the air guide plate along the radial direction of the insulating sleeve.

9. The commutator according to claim 8, characterized in that, Support portions are provided on the opposite surfaces of the two air guide vanes, the support portions are located on the root sidewall of the air guide vanes, and the outer end of the sweeping blade abuts against the two support portions.

10. An electric motor, characterized in that, The commutator includes any one of claims 1 to 9.

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