Additive composition based on at least partially rerefined lubricating oil

Abstract

The invention relates to an additive composition, in particular intended to be incorporated into lubricant or fuel compositions, comprising: up to 60% by weight of at least one at least partially rerefined lubricating oil; -at least 40% by weight of at least one additive selected from common additives for lubricant compositions and / or for fuel compositions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an additive composition, particularly an additive composition intended for incorporation into a lubricating composition or fuel composition, said additive composition being based on at least partially refined lubricating oil. The invention also relates to the use of at least partially refined lubricating oil to prepare an additive composition having a low carbon footprint. Background Technology

[0002] Lubricating compositions typically consist of base oils to which several additives are typically added, said additives being designed to enhance the lubricating properties of the base oil, such as friction modifier additives, and to provide additional properties.

[0003] Similarly, fuel compositions typically consist of a base fuel to which several additives are typically added, designed to enhance the performance of the base fuel, such as combustion improvers or anti-settling agents, and to provide additional properties.

[0004] In both cases, the final composition (lubricant or fuel) is typically prepared by diluting an additive concentrate (often referred to as an "additive composition"). In the case of a lubricant composition, the diluent consists of one or more base oils. In the case of a fuel composition, the diluent consists of one or more base fuels.

[0005] Whether the additive composition is intended to be incorporated into a lubricating composition or a fuel composition, the additive composition consists of a base oil in which one or more additives of interest are dissolved and / or diluted. The additive composition differs from the lubricating composition in that it has a high additive content, typically greater than or equal to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the additive composition. Conversely, the lubricating composition has a high base oil content, typically greater than 60% by weight.

[0006] Current environmental challenges, particularly the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, necessitate lubricant and / or fuel compositions with reduced carbon footprints. However, it is crucial that the technical performance of these carbon-footprint-reducing compositions be at least equivalent to, or even superior to, those used to date.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for lubricant and fuel compositions that have a reduced carbon footprint while maintaining satisfactory or improved technical properties.

[0008] Reducing the carbon footprint of lubricating and fuel compositions can be achieved through several approaches. One of these is reducing the carbon footprint of the additive compositions used to prepare the final compositions.

[0009] Therefore, there is a need for additive compositions that have a reduced carbon footprint compared to existing additive compositions, and are intended to be integrated into lubrication compositions or fuel compositions.

[0010] In particular, there is a need for additive compositions that have a reduced carbon footprint compared to existing additive compositions, and that can be used to prepare a final composition (lubricant or fuel composition) with equivalent or improved properties compared to current compositions. Summary of the Invention

[0011] This invention relates firstly to an additive composition, particularly an additive composition intended for incorporation into a lubricating composition or a fuel composition, comprising:

[0012] - Up to 60% by weight of at least one at least partially refined lubricating oil,

[0013] - At least 40% by weight of at least one additive selected from commonly used additives for lubricating compositions and / or fuel compositions, particularly selected from friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, corrosion suppressants, metal passivators, pH adjusters, colorants, emulsifiers, chelating agents, biocides, demulsifiers, deodorizers, cetane number improvers, friction modifiers, lubricating or oily additives, combustion improvers, cloud point improvers, cold filter plugging point improvers, antisettling agents, conductive modifiers, and mixtures thereof.

[0014] Preferably, the at least partially refined lubricating oil has one or more of the following characteristics:

[0015] - The at least partially refined lubricating oil is derived from a used lubricant that has undergone one or more of the following preliminary steps: dehydration, distillation, filtration, hydrogenation, liquid / liquid extraction, sedimentation and / or used lubricant passing through an adsorbent material;

[0016] - The at least partially refined lubricating oil has a thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm. 2 / s, especially 5mm 2 / s-12mm 2 / s, especially 5mm 2 / s-10mm 2 kinematic viscosity / s measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445 standard;

[0017] - The viscosity index of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is greater than or equal to 100, particularly 100 to 130, particularly 102 to 125;

[0018] - The Noack volatility of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is less than or equal to 15%, particularly 8% to 15%, preferably strictly less than 13.5%, and more particularly 8% to 13.2%;

[0019] - The at least partially refined lubricating oil has a sulfur content of 0.02% to 0.3% by weight relative to the total mass of the partially refined lubricating oil;

[0020] - Relative to the total mass of the partially refined lubricating oil, the aromatic compound content of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, particularly greater than or equal to 1% by weight, particularly from 1% to 25% by weight, and even more particularly from 2.5% to 20% by weight;

[0021] - The density of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is less than or equal to 880 kg / m³. 3 Especially 830 to 880 kg / m 3 Especially less than or equal to 875 kg / m 3 More particularly, 840 to 875 kg / m 3 .

[0022] - The at least partially refined lubricating oil has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 125 mW / mK, especially 125 to 145 mW / mK, particularly greater than or equal to 128 mW / mK, and even more particularly 128 to 140 mW / mK, as measured at 100°C and atmospheric pressure.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the additive composition according to the invention further comprises one or more base oils different from the refining lubricating oil, particularly selected from virgin base oils.

[0024] Preferably, the at least one additive is selected from antioxidants, pour point depressants (PPDs), viscosity index (VI) improvers, antioxidants and mixtures thereof, and more preferably from pour point depressants (PPDs), viscosity index (VI) improvers and mixtures thereof.

[0025] The present invention also relates to the use of at least partially refined lubricating oils (particularly as defined above and described in detail below) as solubilizing fluids in additive compositions, particularly as base oils.

[0026] In particular, the present invention relates to the use of said at least partially refining lubricating oils (especially as defined above and described in detail below) that reduce the carbon footprint of said additive composition compared to the same additive composition prepared from virgin base oils.

[0027] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a lubricating composition, the method comprising diluting an additive composition (as defined above and described in detail below) in a lubricating oil, optionally at least partially refining the lubricating oil.

[0028] Finally, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a fuel composition, the method comprising diluting an additive composition as defined above and described in detail below in the fuel.

[0029] The inventors have surprisingly discovered that additive compositions can be formulated from refined oil derived from waste oil recycling streams, intended for integration into lubrication or fuel compositions.

[0030] In particular, the inventors have discovered that compositions based on refined oils and having a high additive content (typically greater than or equal to 40% by weight) relative to the total mass of the composition can be prepared.

[0031] More specifically, the inventors have discovered that refined oils have sufficiently high solubility to allow the dissolution of large quantities of commonly used additives, and are particularly significant enough to allow the preparation of additive compositions based on refined oils.

[0032] Within the meaning of this invention, the term "solubility" refers to the ability of a substance (especially oil) to form a homogeneous solution with other substances (especially common additives to lubricants or fuels).

[0033] As explained in detail below, the composition of re-refined oils differs from that of the original base oils, particularly due to the presence of degradation products. Therefore, it is not obvious to the inventors that these re-refined oils can be used to prepare concentrated compositions, especially additive compositions. In particular, it is not obvious that at least partially re-refined oils can possess sufficiently high solubility to allow for the preparation of concentrated additive compositions.

[0034] Therefore, the additive compositions of the present invention are advantageous because they have a reduced carbon footprint compared to crude oil-based additive compositions, since they are prepared from recycled oil, especially refined oil.

[0035] The inventors have also discovered that, unexpectedly, refined oils exhibit improved and significantly increased solubility compared to virgin base oils. Therefore, additive compositions with higher additive content can be prepared from refined oils compared to additive compositions prepared from virgin base oils using the same additives.

[0036] Therefore, this increased solubility allows for the preparation of more concentrated additive compositions, resulting in smaller volumes at a constant dosage. Consequently, the additive compositions according to the invention are advantageous because they can reduce transportation costs and the associated carbon footprint. Detailed Implementation

[0037] This invention relates firstly to an additive composition, particularly an additive composition intended for incorporation into a lubricating composition or a fuel composition, comprising:

[0038] - At least one partially refined lubricating oil,

[0039] - At least one additive.

[0040] At least partially refined lubricating oil

[0041] Within the meaning of this invention, the term "at least partially refining lubricating oil," also known as "at least partially regenerated oil" or "at least partially recovered oil," refers to lubricating oil derived from a used lubricating composition that has undergone one or more refining processes.

[0042] It should be understood that a used lubricating composition may be a mixture of multiple used lubricating compositions from the same source or from multiple different sources.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the refining lubricant according to the invention comprises one or more alkylphenols. As used herein, "alkylphenol" refers to a phenolic compound having an alkyl group R1 at the para position and thus having the formula R1-C6H4-OH. Since natural (unused) oils do not contain alkylphenols, the presence of alkylphenols is characteristic of refining lubricants.

[0044] Preferably, the alkylphenol content in the refining lubricating oil according to the present invention is from 5 ppm to 3,200 ppm.

[0045] The refining lubricant according to the invention may, for example, contain 10 ppm to 2,000 ppm, preferably 15 ppm to 1,500 ppm of alkylphenols.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the refining lubricant according to the invention contains 10 ppm to 300 ppm, preferably 15 ppm to 250 ppm, of alkylphenols.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the refining lubricant according to the invention contains 150 ppm to 2,000 ppm, preferably 200 ppm to 1,500 ppm of alkylphenol.

[0048] The alkylphenol content in refining lubricating oils was measured according to the method described in patent application filed under FR 23 15133.

[0049] This method is based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry steps using 4-hexadecylphenol as a standard compound.

[0050] For the liquid chromatography step, a column packed with particles made of C8-bonded silica gel was used. Measurements were performed at 40°C and a flow rate of 0.4 mL / min.

[0051] This paper uses a so-called reversed-phase column to separate the different components of a sample (in this case, the refining lubricating oil to be analyzed) based on the polarity of the sample. The composition of the mobile phase is adjusted to change these interactions over time, thereby progressively eluting the different molecules of the sample being analyzed (in this case, the refining lubricating oil).

[0052] The mobile phases are used as gradients as shown in the table below, starting with solution A containing 50% water and 50% acetonitrile and solution B containing 100% methanol.

[0053]

[0054] Mass spectrometry detection allows us to obtain signals generated solely by the target molecules, which can then be identified by their mass and retention time.

[0055] The preferred ionization source used is an electrospray ionization (ESI) source, which allows for the selective ionization of polar compounds. In the case of the method used herein, the selected detection mode is a negative detection mode, as it can selectively ionize polar compounds with acidic characteristics. The mass range (m / z) varies from 100 to 1,200.

[0056] Specifically, the method for measuring the alkylphenol content in the refined lubricating oil used according to the present invention includes a first step consisting of preparing a standard solution (4-hexadecylphenol) and a solution to be analyzed (refined lubricating oil):

[0057] • Standard solutions of varying concentrations were prepared by diluting THF and adding 2% ammonium hydroxide to obtain calibration lines, as explained further below; and

[0058] • A solution of the refining lubricating oil was prepared by diluting it in THF and adding 3% ammonium hydroxide.

[0059] To establish a calibration curve, extractive ion chromatography (EIC) was used to retrieve the chromatographic peak intensities associated with the 4-hexadecylphenol ion of the standard. This allowed for the determination of the peak intensities associated with the 4-hexadecylphenol ion of the standard only for a given m / z (here the standard molecule is 317.28, the deprotonated form corresponds to the ion [C]). 22 H 38 The extracted chromatogram was obtained by [OH]⁻). Therefore, the EIC intensity was obtained for each analysis at different test concentrations.

[0060] The obtained data allowed for the construction of a calibration curve. This calibration curve was obtained by injecting several standard solutions of different concentrations: the curve was constructed using linear regression, and the correlation coefficient (R²) was [value missing]. 2 The calculations allow for the verification of the detector's linearity and the correct preparation of the standard solutions.

[0061] Then, by inputting the y-value obtained from the experiment, the relevant equation can be used to predict the concentration of the unknown sample. Here, the equation is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] To quantify alkylphenols in refining lubricating oils according to the invention, the analytical method includes the step of identifying the m / z of alkylphenol residues in an average mass spectrum by integrating the entire chromatogram. This average mass spectrum corresponds to the average of all mass spectra obtained throughout the chromatographic run. This allows for the inclusion of all compounds ionized during the analysis. A mass list is extracted from this average mass spectrum, grouping all ions by their m / z ratios and their associated intensities.

[0064] The next step involves constructing a Kendrick map using this mass list. This is a molecular mapping that can identify a range of compounds of the same type but with different degrees of alkylation by eliminating mass defects in the hydrogen atoms of the CH2 motif.

[0065] A Kendrick diagram can be created by calculating the following values:

[0066]

[0067] Where KM corresponds to the Kendrick mass,

[0068] The IUPAC mass corresponds to the theoretical mass calculated from the sum of each element constituting the target molecule, where, for the standard molecule hexadecylphenol (formula...),... IUPAC mass = 317.284440 g·mol -1 ,as well as

[0069] EXPER quality corresponds to the experimental quality measurement taken during the experiment.

[0070] For each peak in the average mass spectrum, the Kendrick mass KM is calculated and predetermined as described above.

[0071] Then, the Kendrick quality defect MKD is usually calculated according to the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] KMD corresponds to Kendrick quality defects.

[0074] KM corresponds to Kendrick mass, and

[0075] NKM is the closest integer to the Kendrick mass KM, rounded to the nearest whole number.

[0076] Calculate the Kendrick quality defect (KMD) for each peak (e.g., each peak corresponds to a compound present in the refining lubricant).

[0077] The Kendrick plot corresponds to a 2D molecular mapping in which KMD is represented as a function of NKM. Homologous compounds that vary due to their degree of alkylation are represented by horizontal lines.

[0078] The set of m / z values ​​for alkylphenols is obtained by applying a filter along the vertical axis (KMD): this value is KMD = 0.069. Once all m / z values ​​of KMD = 0.069 are identified, they are used to construct an extractable ion current (EIC) chromatogram, as described for standard molecules. This can have a chromatogram that depends only on the desired m / z. The EIC intensities corresponding to each m / z of the alkylphenols are summed to obtain the total intensity (resulting in a variety of alkylphenol-type molecules on the spectrum of the refining lubricant according to the invention, these molecules varying according to the length of their alkyl chains).

[0079] To obtain a quantification, the sum of the obtained EIC intensities is used as the y-value of the calibration line equation. For example, if the obtained value is 2.45... E 6. The quantitative determination of alkylphenol residues in the refining lubricating oil used according to the present invention is as follows:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Therefore, x equals 2,460.6 ppm.

[0083] According to one embodiment, the refining lubricant according to the invention comprises one or more polyalphaolefins (PAOs). The presence of polyalphaolefins is characteristic of refining lubricants because natural (unused) oils do not contain polyalphaolefins (PAOs).

[0084] Figure 1 and Figure 2 Two-dimensional chromatograms of two re-refined lubricating oils according to the present invention are shown. The arrows on each chromatogram indicate the characteristic PAO peak (at C30), which is the marker for the re-refined oil.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the refining lubricant according to the invention comprises one or more polyalphaolefins (PAOs) with fewer than 40 carbon atoms, preferably containing 30 carbon atoms.

[0086] The presence of PAO in refining lubricating oil is determined according to the method described in patent application filed with number FR 24 06231.

[0087] This method is based on implementing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and classification steps.

[0088] Specifically, the method is carried out via a chromatographic apparatus (12) comprising a full two-dimensional gas chromatography module including a first column A and a second column B, and capable of separating different compounds of the product according to their volatility and polarity. The apparatus also includes a flame ionization detector capable of measuring the intensity of the ionization current generated for each compound contained in the product. The apparatus is calibrated with at least one calibration product so that the retention times of different compounds present in the product can be corrected.

[0089] This method is also implemented using an electronic sorting device, and includes the following steps:

[0090] a. Measurements of the product performed by the chromatographic apparatus to determine a table describing the intensity of the ionization current generated by each compound in the product as a function of corrected retention times in columns A and B;

[0091] b. The product is assigned a category from multiple categories by applying a multivariate statistical algorithm to the table, the algorithm being trained on a table obtained from reference products.

[0092] The chromatographic apparatus includes a fully two-dimensional gas chromatography module comprising a first column A and a second column B. The fully two-dimensional gas chromatography module (2DGC or GC×GC) that can be used within the framework of this disclosure is the module described in the literature.

[0093] These modules typically include an injection module, a vaporization module, a first column A, a modulator, and a second column B. They allow for two-dimensional separation of complex mixtures because the product undergoes two separations; a two-dimensional chromatogram is then obtained as a function of the retention times in columns A and B, and a table describing the intensity of the ionization current generated by each compound in the product as a function of the corrected retention times in columns A and B is also provided.

[0094] According to one embodiment, the first column A and the second column B are columns based on partially phenyl-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane. The percentage of phenyl functionalization can range from 2% to 50%. According to a specific embodiment, the percentage of phenyl functionalization in column A is greater than that in column B. Advantageously, the length of column A is greater than the length of column B. The diameters of the two columns A and B can be equal. The two columns can have a film thickness of 0.1 μm suitable for separating low-volatility samples. According to one embodiment, the temperature gradient applied to the column oven is 2 °C / min, up to a maximum of 400 °C.

[0095] A certain amount of product is injected into the first column A to achieve a first separation, and then injected into the second column B via a modulator to achieve a second separation. The product can be injected directly without pretreatment, especially in the case of analyzing lubricating oils.

[0096] The GC×GC device is coupled with a flame ionization detector or FID. This allows for the measurement of the ionization current intensity produced by each compound contained in the product. The flame ionization detector is located at the outlet of the second column.

[0097] Following analysis by a flame ionization detector, a table was established describing the ionization current intensity generated by each compound in the product as a function of corrected retention times in columns A and B. Therefore, this table is derived from two-dimensional chromatograms obtained by measuring the product using a chromatographic apparatus.

[0098] Furthermore, during this initial step, external calibration is performed to correct the retention times of various compounds present in the product. This is done by injecting at least one calibration product. When the product to be classified is a lubricating oil, the calibration product can be the lubricating oil, preferably recycled lubricating oil. According to one embodiment, the calibration product includes at least one marker, preferably at least two markers. The markers can be selected from n-alkanes, polyalphaolefins, and mixtures thereof. Retention time correction can be performed using software.

[0099] At the end of this initial step, the classification device moves to the next step, during which the classification device assigns the products to the appropriate category among multiple categories by applying a multivariate statistical algorithm to a table obtained from a reference product via its allocation module.

[0100] The multivariate statistical algorithm used during the allocation step can be a partial least squares regression multivariate statistical algorithm; preferably, it is a combination of a free partial least squares regression algorithm and a partial least squares regression algorithm with discriminant analysis. This algorithm is typically a partial least squares regression algorithm, such as the PLS algorithm or the PLS-DA algorithm.

[0101] The multivariate statistical algorithm used is trained on a table obtained from the reference product during the allocation step.

[0102] In PLS regression discriminant analysis (partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA), the prediction coefficients range from 0 to 1, representing the probability or confidence level that a sample belongs to a specific class.

[0103] Here's how to calculate and use this coefficient:

[0104] 1. Creation of latent variables:

[0105] PLS-DA creates latent variables (components) that capture the maximum variance (predictors) of the X data while maximizing the covariance with the Y class (classification response).

[0106] 2. Fraction calculation:

[0107] The samples are projected onto these latent variables to generate scores that distinguish between categories.

[0108] 3. Modeling:

[0109] A linear model is fitted to these scores to predict the Y value. In the case of PLS-DA, Y is typically encoded in binary form to represent the category (e.g., 0 for group A, 1 for group B).

[0110] 4. Prediction:

[0111] When predicting new samples, scores for these samples are calculated and fed into a linear model to obtain continuous predictions. This continuous prediction is then transformed into probabilities ranging from 0 to 1.

[0112] 5. Explanation of probability:

[0113] Then, these probabilities are interpreted to assign samples to different categories.

[0114] For example:

[0115] - If the probability is less than 0.4, the sample is classified into group A (here, the refining base oil group); and

[0116] - If the probability is greater than or equal to 0.4, the sample is classified as Group B (conventional base oil group).

[0117] Used lubricant compositions and the resulting recycled base oils primarily contain one or more base oils commonly used in the lubricant field, such as mineral oils, synthetic or natural oils, animal or vegetable oils, or mixtures thereof.

[0118] It can be a mixture of multiple base oils, such as a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.

[0119] These base oils can be of natural origin, such as from plants or animals, including vegetable oils, animal oils, fish oils, and mixtures thereof. Examples of such oils are rapeseed oil, canola oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hemp oil, olive oil, flaxseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, animal fats, and mixtures thereof.

[0120] Advantageously, these base oils belong to groups I to V of the categories defined according to API classification (or their equivalents according to ATIEL classification) and are present in the table below as mineral or synthetic source oils, or mixtures thereof.

[0121] [Table 1]

[0122]

[0123] In particular, the used lubricant composition from the source of used recycled lubricating oil according to the present invention may contain at least 50% by weight of base oil relative to its total weight, especially at least 60% by weight of base oil, and more particularly 60% to 99% by weight of base oil.

[0124] The refining lubricating oil according to the present invention advantageously has characteristics in terms of saturated compound content, sulfur content and viscosity index, satisfying the API classification criteria for groups I, II, III, IV and / or V of oils, particularly for groups I, II, III and / or IV of oils.

[0125] According to a specific embodiment, the refining lubricant used according to the present invention can be derived from the treatment of used lubricating compositions that have already been used to lubricate power systems, particularly "mobile" power systems, i.e., including light vehicles, heavy vehicles, mobile "off-road" machinery, or ships.

[0126] According to another specific embodiment, the used refining lubricant according to the invention can be derived from the treatment of used lubricating compositions that have been used for lubrication of industrial systems, particularly “stationary” systems, i.e., including but not limited to turbines, compressors, hydraulic systems, gears, or forming or cutting machines.

[0127] The used lubricating compositions derived from recycled lubricating oils according to the present invention may contain various conventional additives in the field of lubricants, such as friction modifiers, extreme pressure additives, anti-wear additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD) additives, dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, and mixtures thereof.

[0128] As mentioned above, the properties of a lubricating composition deteriorate after it has been used for a certain period of time to lubricate and / or cool mechanical systems (especially power systems, such as internal combustion engines).

[0129] Due to their origin, used lubricating compositions may therefore contain one or more of the aforementioned additives, as well as impurities resulting from the degradation of additives originally present in the lubricant or from the wear of moving mechanical parts.

[0130] Of course, the composition of used lubricants can vary, depending on the source of the lubricant, its initial formulation, and the degree of contamination it may have undergone depending on its intended use.

[0131] The regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention is more particularly derived from used lubricating compositions that have undergone one or more pre-treatment steps known in the field of refining.

[0132] In particular, these treatment steps are designed to at least partially remove unwanted water, solid particles, fuel, and / or other contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from the lubricant formulation.

[0133] According to specific embodiments, the regenerated lubricating oil used in this invention is derived from used lubricant that has undergone one or more of the following preliminary steps: dehydration, distillation, filtration, hydrogenation, liquid / liquid extraction, sedimentation, and / or the used lubricant is subjected to an adsorbent material, preferably as detailed below.

[0134] Preferably, the recycled lubricating oil used according to the invention is obtained by subjecting the used lubricating composition to at least one dehydration step. This dehydration step removes any water that may be present in the used lubricant.

[0135] Advantageously, relative to the total mass of the regenerated lubricating oil, the regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention contains a water content of less than or equal to 10% by weight, particularly less than or equal to 5% by weight, particularly less than or equal to 2% by weight, and even more particularly less than or equal to 1% by weight.

[0136] This dehydration can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as by distillation, evaporation, sedimentation, heating, or passing hot air through the used lubricating composition.

[0137] According to one embodiment, the dehydration step can be operated at a temperature of 50°C to 250°C, preferably 100°C to 200°C. In particular, it can be operated at a pressure of 50,000 to 150,000 Pa, preferably at atmospheric pressure.

[0138] Preferably, the regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention is obtained by subjecting the used lubricating composition to at least one pre-filtration step. This filtration can be performed by any method known to those skilled in the art. The filtration step may or may not be a particulate filtration step. For example, it can be performed using a diatomaceous earth-based system.

[0139] Preferably, the regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention is obtained by at least one distillation step of a used lubricating composition, preferably after a pre-dehydration step. The distillation step can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art. For example, it can be atmospheric distillation or vacuum distillation. The distillation can be carried out, for example, at temperatures from 100°C to 500°C, preferably from 200°C to 400°C, more preferably from 300°C to 380°C. In particular, it can be carried out at pressures from 25 Pa to 2,000 Pa, preferably from 50 Pa to 1,000 Pa, and more particularly from 50 Pa to 250 Pa.

[0140] Advantageously, the regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention is obtained by subjecting a used lubricating composition to at least one pre-step (passing the used lubricating composition through an adsorbent material).

[0141] Adsorbent materials can advantageously selectively adsorb aromatic compounds, especially PAHs.

[0142] In particular, passing the used lubricant composition through an adsorbent material (preferably activated carbon) can advantageously reduce the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially those selected from α, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthene and / or benzo[a]anthene.

[0143] "Used lubricating composition flowing through adsorbent material" refers to the flow of used lubricating composition on an adsorbent carrier.

[0144] The adsorbent material can be, for example, activated carbon, zeolite, clay, or functionalized porous compounds. Preferably, the adsorbent material is activated carbon.

[0145] For example, the regenerated lubricating oil of the present invention can be obtained by treating used lubricating compositions according to the method described in document WO 2018 / 109208.

[0146] When the used lubricating composition is treated with activated carbon, the amount of activated carbon used is preferably 0.5-60 g of activated carbon per liter of the used lubricating composition, preferably 0.5 to 50 g / L, preferably 1 to 50 g / L, preferably 1 to 30 g / L, for example 5 to 60 g / L, preferably 5 to 50 g / L.

[0147] The flow rate of the used lubricating composition can be 1 m / s. 3 / h to 15m 3 / h, for example 5 to 10m 3 / h.

[0148] Preferably, the activated carbon is characterized by a density of 200 to 500 kg / m³.3 For example, measured according to ASTM D2854 standard.

[0149] Preferably, the activated carbon is coal, and preferably contains 70% to 95% by weight of carbon, advantageously 80% to 90% by weight.

[0150] The used lubricating composition passes through an adsorbent carrier, preferably through activated carbon, advantageously before the following preliminary steps:

[0151] - One or more distillation steps; and

[0152] - Filtering steps, especially as defined above.

[0153] Advantageously, the regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention can be obtained by subjecting the used lubricating composition to at least one pre-hydrogenation (or hydrotreating) step, preferably after a pre-dehydration and / or distillation step. The hydrogenation step can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art and typically involves treating the lubricating oil with hydrogen gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. Such a catalyst may contain, for example, at least one oxide or sulfide of at least one Group VI metal and / or at least one Group VIII metal, such as molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, or cobalt, and a support, such as alumina, silicon-aluminum, or zeolite.

[0154] Advantageously, the regenerated lubricating oil of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting the used lubricating composition to at least one pre-liquid / liquid extraction step with a solvent, preferably after a pre-dehydration and / or distillation step. In particular, liquid / liquid extraction with a solvent advantageously clarifies dark-colored used oil to at least partially remove unpleasant odors or aromatic compounds, especially PAHs. The extraction step can be carried out using any technique known to those skilled in the art. Extraction is typically carried out in a mixer-settler or in an extraction tower using a suitable extraction solvent.

[0155] Advantageously, the regenerated lubricating oil of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting a used lubricating composition to at least one pre-settling step. This settling step can be performed using any technique known to those skilled in the art.

[0156] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the use of recycled oil obtained according to the above-described processing method. Other lubricating oils, at least partially refined, such as those from Group I and / or Group II, derived from processing steps different from those described above, may also be applicable to the present invention.

[0157] In any case, the refining lubricant used according to the present invention differs from the lubricant that has been used, particularly due to the reduced content of certain undesirable contaminant elements (e.g., water, fuel, metallic elements, or certain heteroatoms).

[0158] The regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention is characterized in particular by having a silicon content of 0 ppm to 300 ppm, especially 1 to 300 ppm.

[0159] The regenerated lubricating oil used according to the invention is characterized in particular by a phosphorus content of less than or equal to 100 ppm, especially 0 ppm to 100 ppm, for example 0 ppm.

[0160] The regenerated lubricating oil used according to the present invention may also be characterized by containing one or more other elements selected from chlorine, oxygen, and nitrogen. It may, for example, have a chlorine content of 0 ppm to 50 ppm, such as 0 ppm.

[0161] The content of these elements can be assessed by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or by infrared or ultraviolet spectroscopy.

[0162] On the other hand, the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention, being formed from a previously used lubricant, differs from the original or new base oil, oil directly derived from petroleum refining, or natural base oil, such as naturally sourced oil, in both composition and physicochemical properties.

[0163] In particular, as mentioned above, surprisingly, regenerated lubricating oils exhibit excellent thermophysical and hydraulic properties, especially in terms of viscosity index, density, Noyak volatility, flash point, and / or thermal conductivity, and advantageously possess thermophysical and hydraulic properties superior to those of virgin base oils.

[0164] Preferably, the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention has a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 12 mmHg, measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445 standard. 2 / s -1 Especially 3 to 10 mm 2 / s -1 .

[0165] Preferably, the kinematic viscosity of the at least partially refined lubricating oil, measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445 standard, is greater than or equal to 5 mm. 2 / s, for example, 5-12mm 2 / s, and more specifically 5-10mm 2 / s.

[0166] Advantageously, the kinematic viscosity of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention, measured at 40°C according to ASTM D445 standard, is 20 to 40 mm. 2 / s, especially 25 to 35mm 2 kinematic viscosity / s.

[0167] Preferably, the viscosity index of the recycled lubricating oil according to the present invention is greater than or equal to 100. Therefore, the viscosity index of at least partially refining lubricating oil can be from 100 to 130, particularly from 102 to 125.

[0168] Viscosity index can be specifically determined according to standard NF ISO 2909.

[0169] The Noyak volatility of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention is less than or equal to 15%.

[0170] Therefore, the Noyak volatility of at least partially refined lubricating oils can be between 8% and 15%.

[0171] More preferably, the Noyak volatility of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention is strictly less than 14%. Therefore, the Noyak volatility of at least partially refining lubricating oil can be from 8% to 13.5%.

[0172] Preferably, the Noyak volatility of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention is 2.5% to 14%, for example 3% to 14%, preferably 4% to 13.5%, and more preferably 8% to 3.2%.

[0173] Noyak volatility can be specifically determined according to standard CEC L-40-93.

[0174] Preferably, the sulfur content of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention is 0.02% to 0.3% by weight relative to the total mass of the regenerated lubricating oil.

[0175] According to one embodiment, the aromatic compound content of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the present invention is greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, particularly greater than or equal to 1% by weight, particularly 1% to 25% by weight, and more particularly 2.5% to 20% by weight, relative to the total mass of the regenerated lubricating oil.

[0176] The content of these various elements can be determined by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or infrared or ultraviolet spectroscopy.

[0177] The refining lubricant according to the present invention advantageously possesses at least one, at least two, at least three, or even all of the following characteristics:

[0178] - Kinematic viscosity greater than or equal to 5 mmHg, measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445 standard. 2 / s, for example, 5 to 12 mm 2 / s, and more specifically 5 to 10mm 2 / s;

[0179] - Viscosity index greater than or equal to 100, especially 100 to 130, especially 102 to 125;

[0180] - The volatility of Noark is less than or equal to 15%, particularly 8% to 15%, preferably strictly less than 13.5%, and more particularly 8% to 13.5%;

[0181] - The sulfur content, relative to the total mass of the recycled lubricating oil, is 0.01% to 0.3% by weight, particularly 0.02% to 0.2% by weight;

[0182] - The content of aromatic compounds relative to the total mass of the regenerated lubricating oil is greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, particularly greater than or equal to 1% by weight, particularly 1% to 25% by weight, and even more particularly 2.5% to 20% by weight.

[0183] Advantageously, the density of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the invention is less than or equal to 880 kg / m³. 3 Especially less than or equal to 875 kg / m 3 Therefore, the density of at least partially refined lubricating oil can be between 830 and 880 kg / m³. 3 Especially 840 to 875 kg / m 3 .

[0184] Density can be specifically determined according to standard NF EN ISO 12185.

[0185] Advantageously, the flash point of the regenerated lubricating oil according to the invention is greater than or equal to 220°C, particularly greater than or equal to 222°C. Therefore, the flash point of at least partially refining lubricating oil can be between 220°C and 245°C.

[0186] The flash point can be specifically determined according to standard NF EN ISO 2592.

[0187] Preferably, at least partially refined base oil accounts for up to 60% by weight of the total mass of the additive composition according to the invention, more preferably less than 50% by weight, even more preferably less than 40% by weight, advantageously less than 30% by weight, more advantageously less than 20% by weight, and generally less than 10% by weight.

[0188] Preferably, at least partially refined base oil accounts for more than 0.1% by weight of the total mass of the additive composition according to the invention, more preferably more than 0.5% by weight, even more preferably more than 1% by weight, and more advantageously more than 5% by weight.

[0189] Advantageously, at least partially refined base oil accounts for 0.1% to 60% of the total mass of the additive composition of the present invention, preferably 0.5% to 50% by weight, more preferably 1% to 40% by weight, advantageously 5% to 30% by weight, more advantageously 5% to 20% by weight, and typically 5% to 10% by weight.

[0190] Additional base oil (optional)

[0191] According to one embodiment, the additive composition according to the invention further comprises one or more base oils that are at least partially refined lubricating oils, different from the at least one mentioned above.

[0192] Preferably, according to this embodiment, the additive composition according to the invention further comprises one or more novel (or natural or original) base oils.

[0193] These new base oils are specifically selected from base oils commonly used in the lubricant industry, such as mineral oils, synthetic oils or natural oils, animal oils or vegetable oils or mixtures thereof.

[0194] Advantageously, these new base oils belong to groups I to V of the categories defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and are present in the mineral or synthetic source oils, or mixtures thereof, listed in Table 1 above.

[0195] Therefore, the additive composition according to the present invention may comprise at least partially refined one or more lubricating oils (particularly as described above) and a mixture of one or more new base oils (e.g., at least one mineral oil).

[0196] More specifically, according to this embodiment, the additive composition according to the invention comprises a mixture, said mixture comprising:

[0197] - At least one partially refined lubricating oil, and

[0198] - At least one new (or natural or original) base oil, especially at least one mineral oil.

[0199] Preferably, according to this embodiment, one or more new base oils and one or more at least partially refining lubricants account for at most 60% by weight of the total mass of the additive composition according to the invention, more preferably less than 50% by weight, even more preferably less than 40% by weight, advantageously less than 30% by weight, more advantageously less than 20% by weight, and generally less than 10% by weight.

[0200] More preferably, according to this embodiment, the total amount of one or more new base oils and one or more lubricating oils is greater than 0.1% by weight, more preferably greater than 0.5% by weight, even more preferably greater than 1% by weight, and more advantageously greater than 5% by weight of the total mass of the additive composition according to the invention.

[0201] Advantageously, according to this embodiment, one or more new base oils and one or more lubricants together account for 0.1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the additive composition of the present invention, preferably 0.5% to 50% by weight, more preferably 1% to 40% by weight, advantageously 5% to 30% by weight, more advantageously 5% to 20% by weight, and typically 5% to 10% by weight.

[0202] In particular, relative to the total mass of the composition, the additive composition according to the invention may contain 0% to 60% by weight, especially 0.01% to 50% by weight, of one or more new base oils that are different from one or more lubricants that are at least partially refined according to the invention and as defined above.

[0203] According to an alternative embodiment, the additive composition according to the invention does not contain a base oil different from that of a lubricating oil that is at least partially refined. Specifically, according to this embodiment, the base oil implemented according to the invention consists essentially or even only of a base oil that is at least partially refined.

[0204] additive

[0205] The additive composition according to the invention further comprises at least one additive, particularly a commonly used additive selected from lubricating compositions and fuel compositions.

[0206] Preferably, the additive accounts for at least 40% by weight of the total mass of the additive composition according to the invention, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight, advantageously at least 70% by weight, more advantageously at least 80% by weight, and generally at least 90% by weight.

[0207] Preferably, the additive accounts for at most 99.9% by weight of the total mass of the additive composition according to the invention, more preferably at most 99.5% by weight, even more preferably at most 99% by weight, and more advantageously at most 95% by weight.

[0208] Advantageously, the additive accounts for 40%-99.9% of the total mass of the additive composition of the present invention, preferably 50%-99.5% of the total mass, more preferably 60%-99% of the total mass, advantageously 70%-95% of the total mass, more advantageously 80%-95% of the total mass, and typically 80%-90% of the total mass.

[0209] According to the first embodiment, the additive composition is intended to be integrated into the lubricating composition.

[0210] Therefore, the additive compositions according to the invention may contain all types of additives suitable for the intended use of the lubricant, as detailed later herein.

[0211] For example, the additive compositions according to the invention may contain all types of additives suitable for mobile or stationary propulsion systems, more specifically for passenger cars or heavy vehicles or off-road vehicles, particularly mobile systems with internal combustion propulsion. Such additives are well known to those skilled in the art and may be particularly selected from friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, corrosion suppressants, metal passivators, emulsifiers, and mixtures thereof.

[0212] The additive compositions of the present invention may also contain all types of additives suitable for metal processing, particularly suitable for any metal processing operation, such as in forming, cutting, joining processes or any other metal conversion process, such as forming, stamping, rolling, etc.

[0213] Such additives are well known to those skilled in the art and can be particularly selected from corrosion inhibitors, defoamers, pH adjusting additives, metal passivators, colorants, emulsifiers, chelating agents, biocides with bactericidal and / or fungicidal effects, and mixtures thereof.

[0214] Advantageously, the additive composition according to the invention, intended to be integrated into a lubricating composition, comprises one or more additives selected from viscosity index improvers, pour point depressant additives, anti-wear additives, antioxidants, and mixtures thereof.

[0215] These additives can be added to at least partially refined lubricating oils according to the invention in appropriate amounts as determined by those skilled in the art. It should be understood that the nature and amount of the additives chosen are such that the advantageous properties of the composition based on one or more at least partially refined lubricating oils are not, or substantially not, altered by the intended addition.

[0216] Advantageously, the additive composition according to the invention comprises at least one friction modifier additive. The friction modifier additive can limit friction by forming an adsorbed monolayer on the contacting metal surfaces. They can be selected from compounds providing a metal element and ashless compounds. Among the compounds providing a metal element, transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, and Zn may be mentioned, and their ligands may be hydrocarbon compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus atoms. Ashless friction modifier additives are generally of organic origin and can be selected from fatty acid and polyol esters, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty borate ester epoxides, fatty amines, or fatty acid glycerides, which are different from the monoesters required by the invention. According to the invention, the fatty compound comprises at least one hydrocarbon group containing 10 to 24 carbon atoms. In particular, the molybdenum-based compound can be selected from molybdenum dithiocarbamate (Mo-DTC), molybdenum dithiophosphate (Mo-DTP), and mixtures thereof.

[0217] Advantageously, the additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, of friction modifier additive relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0218] Preferably, the additive composition according to the invention comprises at least one anti-wear additive, extreme pressure additive, or a mixture thereof. The anti-wear additive and extreme pressure additive are specifically designed to protect the friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces. A wide variety of anti-wear additives are available. Anti-wear additives particularly suitable for the lubricant compositions of the invention are selected from polysulfide additives, sulfurized olefin additives, or phosphorus-sulfur additives, such as metal alkyl thiophosphates, especially zinc alkyl thiophosphates, more specifically dialkyl dithiophosphates or ZnDTP. Preferred compounds have the formula Zn((SP(S)(OR)(OR'))2, wherein R and R' are the same or different, each independently representing an alkyl group, preferably comprising 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

[0219] Advantageously, the additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, of anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0220] Advantageously, the additive composition according to the invention may contain at least one antioxidant additive. Antioxidant additives can delay the degradation of the lubricant composition during use. Such degradation, in particular, leads to the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge, or an increase in the viscosity of the lubricant composition. They particularly act as free radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide decomposers.

[0221] Among commonly used antioxidant additives, phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, and phosphorus-sulfur antioxidants are mentioned. Some of these antioxidant additives (e.g., phosphorus-sulfur antioxidants) can produce ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ashless or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. In particular, antioxidant additives can be selected from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenolic esters and sterically hindered phenols containing thioether bridges, diphenylamine, and those with at least one C1-C bond. 12 Alkyl-substituted diphenylamines, N,N'-dialkyl-aryl-diamines, and mixtures thereof.

[0222] Preferably, the sterically hindered phenol is selected from compounds containing a phenolic group, wherein at least one carbon adjacent to the carbon with the alcohol functional group is bounded by at least one C1-C2 group. 10 Alkyl substitution, preferably C1-C6 alkyl, more preferably C4 alkyl, and most preferably tert-butyl. Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives. Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, such as those of formula NR. 5 R 6 R 7 Aromatic amines, of which R 5 Represents an aliphatic or aromatic group, optionally a substituted aliphatic or aromatic group, R 6 R represents an aromatic group, optionally a substituted aromatic group. 7 Represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, or formula R 8 S(O) z R 9 The group, wherein R 8 Indicates alkylene or alkenylene, R 9 The letter indicates an alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl group, and z represents 0, 1, or 2. Sulfated alkylphenols or their bases and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.

[0223] Advantageously, the additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, of antioxidant additive relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0224] The additive composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one detergent additive. Detergent additives typically reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving byproducts of oxidation and combustion. Detergent additives that can be used in the lubricant composition according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art. The detergent additive may be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head. The associated cation may be a metal cation of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. The detergent additive is preferably selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, and phenolates. Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium, or barium. These metal salts typically comprise a stoichiometric or excess of the metal, i.e., an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount. These are then highly alkaline detergent additives; the excess metal that imparts the highly alkaline properties to the detergent additive is typically in the form of a metal salt insoluble in the base oil, such as carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, acetates, glutamates, preferably carbonates.

[0225] The additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, of detergent additive relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0226] Advantageously, the additive composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one pour point inhibitor additive (also known as a "PPD" agent, i.e., a "pour point depressant"). By slowing down the formation of alkane crystals, pour point inhibitor additives generally improve the low-temperature performance of the lubricant composition according to the invention. Examples of pour point inhibitors include alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyaramids, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, and alkylated polystyrene.

[0227] The lubricating composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, of pour point inhibitor additive relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0228] The additive composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one dispersant. When the lubricant composition is used, this dispersant ensures that insoluble solid contaminants of the secondary oxidation products formed remain suspended and are discharged. The dispersant may be selected from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives, such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride derivatives.

[0229] In particular, the additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, of a pour point dispersant relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0230] The additive composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive. Viscosity index improvers, particularly polymer viscosity index improvers, ensure good low-temperature performance and minimum viscosity at high temperatures. Examples of polymers that improve viscosity index include polymer esters, hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene, and isoprene, homopolymers or copolymers of olefins (such as ethylene or propylene), polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates (PMA), preferably homopolymers or copolymers of olefins (such as ethylene or propylene).

[0231] Specifically, relative to the total weight of the additive composition, the additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 20.0% by weight of viscosity index improver additive, preferably 0.1% to 15.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 14.0% by weight.

[0232] The additive composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one defoamer, for example selected from polar polymers such as polymethylsiloxane or polyacrylate. In particular, the additive composition according to the invention may comprise 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, of the defoamer additive relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0233] The additive composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one corrosion inhibitor and / or at least one corrosion protectant.

[0234] Corrosion inhibitors can advantageously reduce or prevent corrosion of metal parts. The properties of corrosion inhibitors can be selected based on the metal to be protected from corrosion, such as aluminum, steel, galvanized steel, or yellow metals (e.g., copper or brass).

[0235] Among inorganic corrosion inhibitors, nitrites, sulfites, silicates, borates, sodium phosphate / potassium phosphate / calcium phosphate / magnesium phosphate, alkali metal phosphates, hydroxides, molybdates, zinc sulfate / magnesium sulfate / nickel sulfate can be mentioned.

[0236] Among organic corrosion inhibitors, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, particularly those having 4 to 15 carbon atoms, such as octanoic acid; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 15 carbon atoms, such as sebacic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, isononanoic acid, or mixtures thereof; polycarboxylic acids optionally neutralized with triethanolamine, such as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-tris-(6-aminohexanoic acid); and alkylamide carboxylic acids, particularly isonononanoylaminohexanoic acid, 6-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino]hexanoic acid, and mixtures thereof. Boramides, products of the reaction of amines or amino alcohols with boric acid, may also be used.

[0237] It may further contain at least one corrosion inhibitor, such as a compound like polyisobutylene succinic anhydride or thiadiazole sulfonate.

[0238] In the additive composition according to the invention, the content of corrosion inhibitor and / or corrosion resistant agent is generally from 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, or more particularly from 0.5% to 3.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

[0239] The additive composition according to the invention may further contain at least one pH adjusting additive, particularly an alkaline buffer. The pH adjusting agent can maintain the pH required for the lubricating composition, particularly maintaining an alkaline pH (advantageously between 8 and 11), especially to prevent corrosion of metal surfaces.

[0240] pH adjusters can be selected from amines, especially alkanolamines and amino alcohols.

[0241] pH adjusters, particularly pH adjusting additives, are selected from ethanolamines, such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), and diethylene glycolamine (DGA); isopropanolamines, such as monoisopropanolamine (MIPA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), and triisopropanolamine (TIPA); ethyleneamines, such as ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA); alkanolamines, such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA); and cyclic amines, such as cyclohexylamine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and mixtures thereof.

[0242] The additive composition according to the invention may contain, in particular, 0.1% to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5% to 8% by weight, of a pH adjusting additive relative to the total mass of the additive composition according to the invention.

[0243] The additive composition according to the invention may further contain at least one metal passivating agent. The metal passivating agent can protect the metal component by promoting the formation of metal oxides on the surface of the metal component.

[0244] Metal passivating agents can be selected, for example, from triazole derivatives, such as tetrahydrobenzotriazole (THBTZ), toluenetriazole (TTZ), and benzotriazole (BTZ); amines substituted with a triazole group, such as N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethylamine, N'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-bis(heptyl)-aryl-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-bis(nonyl)-aryl-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-bis(decyl)- Aryl-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-bis(undecyl)-aryl-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-bis(dodecyl)-aryl-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-aryl-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine; 1,2,4-triazole; benzimidazole; 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazole; 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazole; 2-(N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)benzothiazole, 2,5-bis(alkyldithio)-1,3,4 Thiadiazoles, such as 2,5-bis(tert-octyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-decyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-undecyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-dodecanedithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-tetraedecanedithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 2,5-bis(tert-pentadecanedecanedithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole. -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-hexadecanedithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-heptadecanedithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-octadecanedithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-nonadecanecarboxylic acid)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-eicosoecanecarboxylic acid)-1,3,4-thiadiazole; 2,5-bis(N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole; 2-alkyldithio-5-mercaptothiadiazole; and mixtures thereof.

[0245] Preferably, the metal passivating agent is selected from tetrahydrobenzotriazole (THBTZ), toluenetriazole (TTZ), benzotriazole (BTZ) and their salts, either alone or in mixtures.

[0246] The additive composition according to the invention may contain, in particular, 0.01% to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, and more preferably 0.2% to 3.0% by weight, of a metal passivating agent relative to the total mass of the additive composition.

[0247] The additive compositions according to the invention may also contain one or more colorants. The colorants may be natural or synthetic, and are typically organic.

[0248] Colorants that can be implemented in water-based lubricating compositions may be more specifically selected from natural or synthetic water-soluble colorants, such as FDC Red 4, DC Red 6, DC Red 22, DC Red 28, DC Red 30, DC Red 33, DC Orange 4, DC Yellow 5, DC Yellow 6, DC Yellow 8, FDC Green 3, DC Green 5, FDC Blue 1, betaine (beet), carmine, chlorophyll, methylene blue, anthocyanins (anthocyanin, black carrot and hibiscus), caramel and riboflavin.

[0249] The additive composition of the present invention may contain 0.01% to 2.0% by weight of colorant, preferably 0.01% to 1.5% by weight, and more preferably 0.02% to 1.0% by weight, relative to the total mass of the additive composition.

[0250] The additive compositions according to the invention may also contain one or more emulsifiers, also known as emulsifiers. Their function is to produce a stable emulsion in water.

[0251] Emulsifiers can be more specifically nonionic, such as ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty amides, compounds produced by the reaction of propylene oxide with ethylenediamine (and optionally ethylene oxide of ethoxylated fatty amides); anionic, such as KOH soaps or NaOH soaps, sulfonates; cationic, such as quaternary ammonium compounds; or water-soluble or emulsifiable carboxylic acid esters.

[0252] In particular, the additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, of emulsifier relative to the total mass of the additive composition.

[0253] The additive composition according to the invention may contain at least one chelating agent. A complexing agent, also called a chelating agent, can limit the scaling of metal ions in the composition.

[0254] Examples of chelating agents include those derived from phosphonic acids and phosphonates, such as diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMPA), aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid (HEDP), 1,1-diphosphonate of 1-hydroxyethylene, 2-hydroxyethylaminedi(methylenephosphonic acid) (HEAMBP), and diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTMP); polyfunctional organic acids and hydroxylated acids, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and pteroyl-L-glutamic acid (PGLU); organic polybasic acids, such as maleic acid and polyaspartic acid; and carbohydrates, such as inulin, carboxymethyl inulin, and carboxymethyl chitosan.

[0255] The additive composition according to the invention may contain 0.001% to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.01% to 1.0% by weight, of a chelating agent relative to the total mass of the composition.

[0256] The additive composition according to the invention may contain at least one biocide having bactericidal and / or fungicidal activity. The biocide can be used to improve the biostability of the composition by limiting the proliferation of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts in the lubricating fluid.

[0257] Such biocides can be selected from parabens, aldehydes, active acetylacetone compounds, isothiazolinones, phenolic compounds, acid salts, halogenated compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, certain alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

[0258] Preferably, the biocide may be selected from optionally substituted benzisothiazolinones (BITs), such as N-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolinone-3-one, methylisothiazolinone (MIT), a mixture of methylisothiazolinone and chloromethylisothiazolinone (MIT / CMIT), o-phenylphenol (OPP) or its sodium salt, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), chlorocresol and N,N-methylene-bis-morpholine (MBM); sorbic acid; preferably derived from o-phenylphenol (OPP) or its sodium salt, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, chlorocresol, benzisothiazolinone and N,N-methylene-isomorpholine.

[0259] The additive composition according to the invention may contain, in particular, 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, of a biocide relative to the total mass of the composition.

[0260] According to the second embodiment, the additive composition is intended to be incorporated into the fuel composition.

[0261] Therefore, according to this embodiment, the additive composition according to the invention may contain all types of additives suitable for use as fuel compositions, particularly selected from detergent additives, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, biocides, deodorizers, cetane number improvers, friction modifiers, lubricating or oily additives, combustion improvers (combustion and soot catalysts), cloud point improvers, pour point improvers, CFPP (“cold filter plugging point”), antisettling agents, anti-wear agents, conductive modifiers, and mixtures thereof.

[0262] Among these additives, the following deserve special mention:

[0263] a) A cetane number improver additive, particularly (but not limited to) selected from alkyl nitrates (preferably 2-ethylhexyl nitrate), aryl peroxides (preferably benzyl peroxide) and alkyl peroxides (preferably tert-butyl peroxide);

[0264] b) Defoamers, particularly (but not limited to) those selected from polysiloxanes, alkoxylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides derived from vegetable or animal oils. Examples of such additives are given in the following patents: EP861882, EP663000, EP736590;

[0265] c) Cold flow improver (CFI) additives selected from ethylene / unsaturated ester copolymers, such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene / vinyl propionate (EVP), ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVE), ethylene / methyl methacrylate (EMMA), and ethylene / alkyl fumarate, for example, as described in US3048479, US3627838, US3790359, US3961961, and EP261957;

[0266] d) Lubricating additives or anti-wear agents, particularly (but not limited to) those selected from fatty acids and their esters or amide derivatives, especially glycerol monooleate esters, and monocyclic and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives. Examples of such additives are given in the following patents: EP680506, EP860494, WO98 / 04656, EP915944, FR2772783, FR2772784.

[0267] e) Cloud point additives, particularly (but not limited to) those selected from the group consisting of polymers of long-chain olefins / (meth)acrylates / maleimide terpolymers and fumaric acid / maleic acid esters. Examples of such additives are given in the following patents: FR2528051, FR2528051, FR2528423, EP112195, EP172758, EP271385, EP 291367;

[0268] f) Detergent additives, particularly (but not limited to) those selected from the group consisting of succinimide, polyetheramine and quaternary ammonium salt; for example, those described in US4171959 and WO2006135881.

[0269] g) Multifunctional low-temperature processing additives, selected from the group consisting of olefin- and alkenyl-nitrate polymers, such as those described in EP573490.

[0270] In the additive compositions according to the invention, the content of these additives is typically from 100 ppm to 1,000 ppm (each).

[0271] application

[0272] The additive compositions according to the invention are intended for use in all types of lubrication or fuel compositions.

[0273] In particular, when incorporated into a lubricating composition, the resulting lubricating composition can be used specifically for any known application.

[0274] Therefore, the additive composition according to the invention can be used to prepare lubricating compositions for motor vehicles, preferably containing at least one internal combustion engine, particularly in heavy vehicles or buses.

[0275] In particular, the additive composition according to the invention can be used to prepare a lubricating composition intended to lubricate components of an internal combustion engine, especially a spark-ignition type internal combustion engine, preferably a gas engine, a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, or a hybrid engine, and more particularly, intended to lubricate components of a diesel engine.

[0276] The additive composition can also be used to prepare lubricating compositions, especially the aqueous lubricating compositions according to the invention, intended for use in metalworking processes.

[0277] In particular, the additive composition according to the invention can be used to prepare a lubricating composition intended for use in any metal machining operation, such as forming, cutting, joining processes or any other metal conversion process, such as forming, stamping, rolling, etc.

[0278] The resulting lubricating composition can be intended for use in processing various metals, such as aluminum, steel, galvanized steel, or yellow metals.

[0279] The resulting lubricating composition can advantageously reduce friction between tools or machining equipment and machined metal parts.

[0280] Therefore, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a lubricating composition, the method comprising the following sequential steps:

[0281] i) Provide an additive composition as defined above,

[0282] ii) Dilute the additive composition in one or more lubricating oils, which optionally are at least partially refined.

[0283] When the additive composition according to the invention is incorporated into a fuel composition, the resulting lubricating composition is particularly suitable for any known application, especially for all types of engines, depending on the properties of the base fuel used.

[0284] In particular, the additive compositions according to the invention are suitable for preparing liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines.

[0285] In particular, the additive composition according to the invention can be used to prepare fuel compositions intended for use in:

[0286] - Spark-ignition engines, preferably direct injection (DISI, "Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine"), or

[0287] - Diesel engines, preferably direct injection diesel engines, especially diesel engines using common rail direct injection systems (CRDI, "high-pressure common rail diesel direct injection technology").

[0288] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a fuel composition, the method comprising the following sequential steps:

[0289] i) Provide an additive composition as defined above,

[0290] ii) Dilute the additive composition in one or more base fuels, particularly liquid base fuels.

[0291] Liquid fuels are advantageously derived from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of minerals, animals, plants, and synthetic sources. Preferably, petroleum is chosen as the mineral source.

[0292] Liquid fuels are preferably selected from hydrocarbon fuels and non-main hydrocarbon fuels, either alone or in mixtures.

[0293] The term "hydrocarbon fuel" refers to fuels composed of one or more compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

[0294] The term "non-carbon fuel" refers to fuels composed of one or more compounds that are not primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, meaning they also contain other atoms, particularly oxygen atoms.

[0295] Hydrocarbon fuels specifically include middle fractions with boiling points of 100 to 500°C or lighter fractions with boiling points in the gasoline range. These distillates can be, for example, selected from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude oil hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates obtained by catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, distillates obtained by conversion methods such as ARDS (“atmospheric residue desulfurization”) and / or viscous cracking, or distillates from upgraded Fischer-Tropsch fractions. Hydrocarbon fuels are typically gasoline and diesel fuels (also known as diesel fuels).

[0296] Gasoline, in particular, includes all commercial fuel compositions used in spark-ignition engines. Representative examples include gasoline that meets NF EN 228. Gasoline typically has a sufficiently high octane rating to prevent knocking. Generally, gasoline-type fuels compliant with NF EN 228 sold in Europe have a motor octane rating (MON) greater than 85 and a research octane rating (RON) of at least 95. Gasoline-type fuels typically have an RON of 90 to 100 and a MON of 80 to 90, measured according to ASTM D 2699-86 or D 2700-86 standards.

[0297] Specifically, diesel fuel includes all commercially available fuel compositions for diesel engines. Representative examples include diesel fuels conforming to NF EN 590.

[0298] Non-primary hydrocarbon fuels include oxygenated compounds, such as distillates from BTL (“biomass liquefaction”) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass alone or in combination; biofuels, such as oils and / or esters of plant and / or animal oils; and biodiesel and bioethanol of animal and / or plant origin.

[0299] A mixture of hydrocarbon fuels and non-main hydrocarbon fuels is typically Bx type diesel fuel or Extype gasoline.

[0300] The term "Bx-type diesel fuel" used in diesel engines refers to diesel fuel containing x% (v / v) vegetable or animal oil esters (including used cooking oil), converted through a chemical process called transesterification, which involves reacting the oil with an alcohol to obtain fatty acid esters (FAE). Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are obtained using methanol and ethanol, respectively. The letter "B" followed by a number indicates the percentage of FAE contained in the diesel fuel. Thus, B99 contains 99% FAE and 1% fossil-derived (mineral-derived) middle distillate, B20 contains 20% FAE and 80% fossil-derived middle distillate, and so on. Therefore, a distinction is made between B0-type diesel fuel, which does not contain oxygenated compounds, and Bx-type diesel fuel, which contains x% (v / v) vegetable oil esters or fatty acid esters (most commonly methyl esters (FAME)). When FAE is used alone in an engine, the fuel is called B100.

[0301] The term "Ex-type gasoline for spark-ignition engines" refers to gasoline fuel containing x% (v / v) of oxygenated compounds (typically ethanol, bioethanol, and / or ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE)).

[0302] The present invention also relates to the use of at least partially refined lubricating oils (preferably as defined above) as solubilizing fluids in additive compositions, particularly as base oils, said additive compositions being specifically intended to be incorporated into lubricating compositions or fuel compositions.

[0303] Within the meaning of this invention, the term "solubilizing fluid" refers to a liquid substance capable of forming a homogeneous solution with other substances, particularly with commonly used additives for lubricants or fuels. Depending on the chemical properties of the additive, the solubilizing fluid can be a diluent or a dissolving fluid.

[0304] Within the meaning of this invention, the term "dilution fluid" refers to a fluid capable of diluting one or more commonly used liquid additives into a homogeneous solution mixture.

[0305] Within the meaning of this invention, the term "dissolving fluid" refers to a fluid capable of dissolving one or more commonly used solid additives to form a mixture in the form of a homogeneous solution.

[0306] Finally, this invention relates to the use of at least partially refining lubricating oils (preferably as defined above) that reduce and / or lower the carbon footprint of an additive composition compared to the same additive composition prepared from virgin base oils (or new or natural), the additive composition being particularly intended for incorporation into lubricating compositions or fuel compositions.

[0307] More specifically, compared to additive compositions prepared from new (or natural) base oils, the present invention aims to reduce the carbon footprint by using the aforementioned additive compositions, and thus by using at least one at least partially refining base oil.

[0308] The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting embodiments.

[0309] Example

[0310] Molecular modeling was used to evaluate / estimate the solubility of different lubricating oils in various commonly used additives in lubricating or fuel compositions.

[0311] The base oils being evaluated

[0312] The base oil for evaluation is defined as follows:

[0313] - Oil H1 (control): Natural Group I mineral oil,

[0314] - Oil H2 (control): Natural Group III hydrocracked or hydroisomerized oil,

[0315] - Oil H3 (according to the present invention): partially refined mineral oil,

[0316] - Oil H4 (according to the present invention): partially refined mineral oil,

[0317] - Oil H5 (according to the present invention): partially refined mineral oil,

[0318] - Oil H6 (according to the present invention): partially refining mineral oil.

[0319] The main physicochemical properties of oils H1 and H2, as well as the partially refined lubricating oils H3 to H6, are given in Table 2 below.

[0320] [Table 2]

[0321]

[0322]

[0323] Tested additives

[0324] The following commonly used additives were used:

[0325] Additive A1: An ashless dispersant of the boronized polyisobutylene succinimide type, with a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 300 g·mol⁻¹ for the polyisobutylene chains. -1 ,

[0326] - Additive A2: Organophosphate type anti-wear agent (CAS: 39464-69-2).

[0327] Modeling methods

[0328] The solubilizing capabilities of different lubricating oils H1 to H6 for additives A1 and A2 as defined above were evaluated using a thermodynamic approach based on a quasi-conductor shielding model (COSMO) obtained using solvation thermodynamics and computational quantum mechanics. These methods rely on σ spectra specific to each molecule. A σ spectrum is a probability distribution of molecular surface fragments with a specific charge density. The model used here is a thermodynamic model called COSMO-RS (Real Solvent), developed by Klamt et al. More specifically, σ spectra of additive compositions consisting of specific oils and specific additives were simulated. σ spectra are one of the fundamental elements of COSMO-RS calculations. They are also widely used as important empirical descriptive symbols to describe the behavior of molecules in solution and the properties of molecules in many applications. In a standard COSMO-RS workflow, σ spectra are generated after a series of DFT calculations. Therefore, the solubility potential of an additive in a target oil can be estimated based on the σ spectra generated for a specific oil and / or for a specific additive.

[0329] Therefore, the solubility of the additive in the oil under consideration was estimated based on the resulting σ spectrum.

[0330] result

[0331] The results are reported in Table 3 below.

[0332] [Table 3]

[0333]

[0334] Additives A1 and A2 were observed to be insoluble in natural base oils H1 and H2. However, these additives were soluble in at least partially refined mineral oils H3 to H6.

[0335] Therefore, compared with natural base oils H1 and H2, at least partially refined mineral oils H3 to H6 exhibit increased solubility.

Claims

1. An additive composition, particularly an additive composition intended to be incorporated into a lubricating composition or a fuel composition, comprising: - Up to 60% by weight of at least one at least partially refined lubricating oil, - At least 40% by weight of at least one additive selected from commonly used additives for lubricating compositions and / or fuel compositions, particularly selected from friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, detergents, antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, defoamers, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, corrosion suppressants, metal passivators, pH adjusters, colorants, emulsifiers, chelating agents, biocides, demulsifiers, deodorizers, cetane number improvers, friction modifiers, lubricating or oily additives, combustion improvers, cloud point improvers, cold filter plugging point improvers, antisettling agents, conductive modifiers, and mixtures thereof. in, The Noyak volatility of at least partially refined lubricating oil is less than or equal to 15%.

2. The additive composition according to claim 1, wherein, The at least partially refined lubricating oil is derived from used lubricants that have undergone one or more of the following preliminary steps: dehydration, distillation, filtration, hydrogenation, liquid / liquid extraction, sedimentation, and / or used lubricants passing through an adsorbent material.

3. The additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The at least partially refined lubricating oil has a thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm. 2 / s, especially 5mm 2 / s to 12mm 2 / s, especially 5mm 2 / s to 10mm 2 The kinematic viscosity / s measured at 100°C according to ASTM D445 standard.

4. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The viscosity index of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is greater than or equal to 100, particularly 100 to 130, particularly 102 to 125.

5. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The Noyak volatility of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is 8% to 15%, preferably strictly less than 13.5%, and more particularly 8% to 13.2%.

6. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The sulfur content of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is from 0.02% to 0.3% by weight relative to the total mass of the partially refined lubricating oil.

7. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The content of aromatic compounds in the at least partially refined lubricating oil is greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, particularly greater than or equal to 1% by weight, particularly 1% to 25% by weight, and even more particularly 2.5% to 20% by weight, relative to the total mass of the partially refined lubricating oil.

8. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The density of the at least partially refined lubricating oil is less than or equal to 880 kg / m³. 3 Especially 830kg / m 3 Up to 880kg / m 3 Especially less than or equal to 875 kg / m 3 More importantly, 840kg / m 3 Up to 875kg / m 3 .

9. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The at least partially refined lubricating oil has a thermal conductivity of greater than or equal to 125 mW / mK, especially from 125 mW / mK to 145 mW / mK, particularly greater than or equal to 128 mW / mK, and even more particularly from 128 mW / mK to 140 mW / mK, as measured at 100°C and atmospheric pressure.

10. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims further comprises one or more base oils different from the refining lubricant, particularly selected from virgin base oils.

11. The additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The at least one additive is selected from antioxidants, pour point depressants (PPD), viscosity index improvers (VI), antioxidants and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from pour point depressants (PPD), viscosity index improvers (VI) and mixtures thereof.

12. Use of a lubricating oil that is at least partially refined in an additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims as a solubilizing fluid, particularly as a base oil.

13. The use according to claim 12, wherein the carbon footprint of the additive composition is reduced compared to the same additive composition prepared from the original base oil.

14. A method for preparing a lubricating composition, the method comprising diluting the additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 in a lubricating oil, optionally at least partially refining the lubricating oil.

15. A method for preparing a fuel composition, the method comprising diluting the additive composition according to any one of claims 1-11 in the fuel.

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