Machining method for multi-angle narrow groove in arc-shaped surface of light alloy

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of machining of light alloy parts of aerospace parts, and particularly provides a machining method for a multi-angle narrow groove in the arc-shaped surface of a light alloy ball. Comprising the steps of workpiece parameter measurement, quadrant preliminary division, tool nose angle calculation, tool nose angle judgment, quadrant re-division, tool nose angle determination, feed angle determination and narrow groove machining in the quadrant. According to the machining method, continuous and effective machining of the multi-angle ultra-small narrow grooves in the surface of the thin-wall light alloy part with the arc-shaped surface (such as a spherical surface) can be achieved, and efficient batch machining with quality and quantity guaranteed is achieved through a reasonable and safeguarded dividing means.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lightweight alloy parts processing for aerospace devices, and specifically relates to a processing method for multi-angle narrow grooves (e.g., radial V-grooves) on the spherical arc surface of lightweight alloy. Background Technology

[0002] The low-energy electron and low-energy ion probe series is a key detector of the Chang'e 7 lander's lunar surface environment exploration system, used to detect low-energy electrons and ions in the lunar environment. The aim is to achieve breakthroughs and research results in understanding the origin and dynamics of charged particles in the lunar polar regions, the dynamics of polar dust winds, and the interaction between charged particles and the lunar surface. This series of products is made of magnesium alloy, characterized by its lightness, thinness, and high brittleness during processing. A major challenge in processing this series is the need to evenly distribute 436 0.1mm deep, 45-degree concentric V-grooves on a spherical surface with an outer diameter of 58mm and a length of 40mm. One-quarter to one-third of these grooves require machining across quadrants, and one corner of each groove must point towards the center of the sphere. Currently, no finished cutting tools or processing methods can fully meet these specific processing requirements for this part.

[0003] There are the following difficulties in terms of tools and methods when using milling to perform this type of machining:

[0004] 1. Existing equipment cannot accurately complete quadrant processing;

[0005] 2. The grooves are small in width and numerous in number, making it difficult to remove burrs generated during milling. Even slight deviations during processing can lead to out-of-tolerance scrapping.

[0006] 3. If the V-groove angle on the part is 45°, then the milling tool tip angle also needs to be 45°. The burrs generated during machining will accelerate the wear of the tool tip, resulting in high tool costs.

[0007] 4. During milling, the rotation centers of the cutting tool and the workpiece must coincide; otherwise, uneven wall thickness or milling through the workpiece may occur.

[0008] 5. During milling, the rotation centers of the tool and the part must coincide. Furthermore, the need to adjust the tool angle due to the curved machining surface makes continuous machining impossible, resulting in low machining efficiency for parts with such a large machining requirement. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the needs and problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a machining method and corresponding machining tools for multi-angle narrow grooves on the arc-shaped surface of lightweight alloys. Specifically, the machining method provided by this invention combines multiple steps, such as rationally dividing quadrants, determining the tool tip angle and machining infeed angle, and using a machining tool with adjustable infeed angle, to achieve continuous and effective machining of multi-angle ultra-small narrow grooves on the surface of thin-walled lightweight alloy parts with arc-shaped surfaces (such as spherical surfaces). Through rational and well-defined division methods, efficient and high-quality batch machining is achieved.

[0010] Specifically, the present invention first provides a method for processing multi-angle narrow grooves on the arc-shaped surface of a lightweight alloy, the method comprising:

[0011] (1) Measurement of workpiece parameters: Measure the curvature of the workpiece surface and determine the machining angle of the narrow groove to be machined;

[0012] (2) Preliminary quadrant division: The machining surface is initially divided into relatively wide quadrants based on the curvature of the machining surface; here, a wider / larger quadrant division helps to reduce the frequency of angle changes, thereby improving machining efficiency;

[0013] (3) Calculation of blade tip angle: Calculate the coincidence angle formed by the first and last narrow grooves on the arc surface within the quadrant divided in step (2) on the same plane. This coincidence angle is the maximum blade tip angle required for the initial quadrant division.

[0014] (4) Tool tip angle judgment: Determine whether the maximum tool tip angle calculated in step (3) is feasible for machining;

[0015] (5) Quadrant re-division: If step (4) determines that the maximum angle of the tool tip is not feasible for machining, then repeat steps (2) to (4) to divide the arc of the machining surface into smaller quadrants until it is determined that the maximum angle of the tool tip is feasible for machining.

[0016] (6) Determining the tool tip angle: Based on the results of the quadrant re-division determined in step (5), calculate the maximum tool tip angle in each quadrant and select the minimum value to determine the tool tip angle of the machining tool.

[0017] (7) Determine the feed angle: Based on the quadrants finally determined in step (5), determine the angles of the first and last narrow slots on the arc surface in each quadrant that coincide on the same plane, and set the feed angle symmetrically with the center line of the coincident part.

[0018] (8) Narrow groove machining in quadrant: In the quadrant obtained by the quadrant re-division finally determined in step (5), the machining tool determined in step (6) is used to perform narrow groove machining in the quadrant with the feed angle determined in step (7). Then, the machining tool is adjusted to the feed angle determined by the adjacent quadrant to perform narrow groove machining in each quadrant in sequence.

[0019] It should be noted that the term "multi-angle" in this article refers to the different angles and orientations actually exhibited by narrow grooves with the same setting requirements (such as the requirements for angle, orientation, and shape of centripetal, V-shaped, and 45° grooves) due to the curvature of the processed arc surface.

[0020] The feasibility of machining the blade tip angle in step (4) refers to the maximum blade tip angle being 15-90°; preferably, it can be 15-45°; more preferably, it can be 15-30°.

[0021] In steps (2) and (5), the standard for quadrant division is that the centripetal angle of the arc-shaped surfaces in each quadrant is the same; this makes the subsequently determined tool tip angle and feed angle applicable to all quadrants for continuous machining.

[0022] Among them, the narrow groove is generally a centripetal V-shaped groove, such as a 45° centripetal V-shaped groove, which is quite common. In such an implementation, the centripetal angle of the arc surface in a single quadrant of the quadrant re-division in step (5) is generally selected in the range of 15-30°. For example, a uniform arc surface with a centripetal angle of 70° can be divided into four quadrants, with a centripetal angle of 17.5° in each quadrant.

[0023] Furthermore, the adjustment of the feed angle in adjacent quadrants in step (8) can be an adjustment of the entire tool body or an adjustment of the rotatable tool tip. Preferably, the tool is configured to have a rotatable tool tip, so that by precisely controlling the change of the tool tip feed angle, continuous machining of each quadrant can be achieved after the tool is installed once.

[0024] Optionally, the present invention also relates to a machining tool for processing multi-angle narrow grooves on the arc-shaped surface of lightweight alloys. This tool mainly includes: a tool holder, a tool body, a pressure plate, and a cutting head. The tool body is mounted on the tool holder and can drive the cutting head to rotate relative to the tool holder. The pressure plate is used to tighten the rotated tool body to the tool holder using fasteners (e.g., screws) to fix it in place, thereby achieving relative stillness between the tool holder and the tool body. The cutting head is connected to the rotating surface of the tool body to form a desired angle with the tool holder.

[0025] Furthermore, the tool holder specifically includes: a mounting shank, a tool receiving area, and a pressure plate mounting area. The mounting shank is used for mounting the entire tool. The pressure plate mounting area is adjacent to and higher than the tool receiving area, with a height difference slightly less than the thickness of the tool body. The pressure plate mounting area has pressure plate mounting holes for clamping the pressure plate (via fasteners). Through the connection of the fasteners and the pressure plate mounting holes, the pressure plate is positioned to extend beyond the pressure plate mounting area and above the tool receiving area. The tool receiving area has a circular cross-section for receiving the tool body and a tool receiving hole for mounting the tool, allowing the tool to rotate around the receiving hole.

[0026] Furthermore, the cutter body has a mounting end, a cylindrical main body, and a cutter head mounting mechanism. The mounting end mates with a receiving hole in the cutter body, allowing the cutter body to rotate around the receiving hole. The cutter head mounting mechanism mates with the cutter head to fix it on the rotating side of the cylindrical main body. Preferably, the cutter head mounting mechanism is a cutter head mounting hole or a cutter head mounting key. The cutter head mounting hole receives the mounting body of the cutter head; alternatively, the cutter head mounting key mates with a hole on the mounting body of the cutter head to achieve a fixed connection between the cutter head and the cutter body.

[0027] Furthermore, the cutter head has a mounting body and a cutting tip. The mounting body can be fixedly connected to the cutter body by integral insertion or keyway engagement, allowing the cutter head to move to the desired angle with the cutter shank as the cutter body rotates.

[0028] Furthermore, the handle preferably also has a baseline in its blade receiving area, which works in conjunction with the scale lines on the blade to achieve precise angle adjustment. Preferably, there are multiple scale lines, evenly distributed on the side of the cylindrical body of the blade.

[0029] The present invention provides a method for machining multi-angle narrow grooves on the arc-shaped surface of lightweight alloys. By rationally dividing the machining quadrants, it avoids the tedious operation caused by constantly adjusting the tool feed angle. Furthermore, by employing a turning method to machine the radial V-groove, the tool tip feeds along the characteristic trajectory without generating burrs, significantly saving machining time and improving machining quality and efficiency. Simultaneously, combined with an optional machining tool design featuring a rotating tool head, the tool tip angle can be flexibly and conveniently adjusted during quadrant machining, enabling rapid tool clamping and adjustment of the machining angle, further improving machining efficiency.

[0030] The method provided by this invention is applicable to parts with small-sized centripetal V-grooves on curved surfaces of different sizes. For example, when the angle of the V-grooves on the part surface changes, the tool tip angle can be adjusted; when the angle or number of centripetal V-grooves on the surface changes, the quadrant division can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the tool tip machining angle. It is flexible, convenient, and widely applicable. This method does not require adjusting the tool angle according to the angle of each groove; adjustment is only needed when machining across quadrants, avoiding errors caused by the difficulty in accurately adjusting the tool angle when the angles of adjacent V-grooves change very little. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a preliminary quadrant division example of a processing method for multi-angle narrow grooves on a lightweight alloy arc-shaped surface according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) is a diagram showing the coincidence angle measurement results of a preliminary quadrant division example of a processing method for multi-angle narrow grooves on a lightweight alloy arc surface according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the quadrant re-division step in a method for processing multi-angle narrow grooves on a lightweight alloy arc surface according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 (a)-(d) are Figure 3 The results of the measurement of the coincidence angles in the four quadrants obtained by quadrant re-division are shown.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping angle portion of an example of the infeed angle determination step in a machining method for multi-angle narrow grooves on a lightweight alloy arc surface according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of a probe component used in the processing method of a multi-angle narrow groove on a lightweight alloy arc surface according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an example of an optional machining tool used in a machining method for multi-angle narrow grooves on a lightweight alloy arc surface according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A side view of the tool holder of the example machining tool shown.

[0039] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 A top view of the tool holder of the example machining tool shown.

[0040] Figure 10 yes Figure 7The diagram shows top, side, and bottom views of the cutting tool body in the example of the machining tool.

[0041] Figure 11 yes Figure 7 A top view of the cutting head of the example machining tool shown.

[0042] Figure 12 yes Figure 7 The diagram shows a machining combination with the cutting head rotating at different angles in an example of a machining tool. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] For example Figure 6 The physical probe component shown (see design cross-sectional view) Figure 1 and 3 For the machining requirements of multi-angle centripetal V-grooves on the curved surface, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 1-5 This invention first provides a method for processing multi-angle narrow grooves on the arc-shaped surface of a lightweight alloy, the method comprising:

[0045] (1) Measurement of workpiece parameters: Measure the curvature of the workpiece surface to be machined and determine the machining angle (45°) of the narrow groove to be machined. For example... Figure 1 and 3 As shown, the curvature of the part is approximately 70°.

[0046] (2) Preliminary quadrant division: First, divide it into 2 quadrants, such as Figure 1 As shown. Here, a wider / larger quadrant division helps reduce the frequency of angle changes, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0047] (3) Tool tip angle calculation: Calculate the angle formed by the first and last narrow grooves on the arc surface within the quadrant divided in step (2) on the same plane. This angle is the maximum tool tip angle required for the initially divided quadrants. When designing the tool tip angle, it is necessary to ensure that the tool tip does not interfere with any grooves during machining in the same quadrant. The centripetal angle changes slowly from the first groove to the last groove. Under the premise that the tool angle remains unchanged, as long as the tool tip does not interfere with the first and last grooves, the intermediate grooves will not interfere. See Figure 2 (a) The overlapping portion of the first and last centripetal V-grooves in the first quadrant is marked with a black area, with an overlap angle of 8.84°; similarly, see Figure 2 (b) The first and last centripetal V-grooves in the second quadrant coincide at an angle of 11.56°.

[0048] (4) Tool tip angle judgment: Determine whether the maximum tool tip angle calculated in step (3) is feasible for machining. The above measured results mean that the tool tip angle must be less than or equal to 8.84° to ensure that there will be no interference with all grooves when machining with a fixed tool angle in the same quadrant. The commonly used tool tip angle of turning tools is 35° to 95°. According to machining experience, a tool tip of 8.84° is too sharp, has poor performance, and is very easy to wear. Therefore, increasing the tool tip angle and dividing it into 2 quadrants is not the optimal choice. It is necessary to re-divide the quadrants.

[0049] (5) Quadrant Re-division: If step (4) determines that the maximum angle of the tool tip is not feasible for machining, repeat steps (2) to (4) to divide the surface curvature into smaller quadrants until the maximum angle of the tool tip is determined to be feasible for machining. Divide the part into 4 quadrants again, such as... Figure 3 As shown. Repeat steps (2) to (4) above, and see the results. Figure 4 (a)-(d) The angles at which the first and last radial V-grooves in the four quadrants coincide are 30.6°, 23.4°, 26.92° and 29.8°, respectively. Therefore, the tool tip angle must be less than or equal to the minimum value of 23.4° to ensure that there is no interference with all the grooves when machining with the same fixed tool angle.

[0050] (6) Determining the tool tip angle: Based on the results of the quadrant re-division determined in step (5), calculate the maximum angle of the tool tip in each quadrant, and select the minimum value to determine the tool tip angle of the machining tool; based on the minimum value of 23.4° determined in the previous step, a tool with a tool tip angle of 20° is determined. Under the condition that no interference occurs, the rigidity of the tool tip can be guaranteed to the maximum extent, and the tool tip will not wear too quickly during the machining process.

[0051] (7) Determining the feed angle: Based on the quadrants finally determined in step (5), determine the angle overlap between the first and last narrow grooves on the arc surface in each quadrant, which are on the same plane. The feed angle is symmetrically set along the centerline of the overlapped area. After the tool tip angle and quadrants are determined, determine the feed angle for each quadrant. The tool tip is located in the middle of the overlapped area between the first and last radial V-grooves, dividing the overlapped area evenly. At this time, the secondary rake angle can be determined, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the secondary deflection angle in the first quadrant is 19.76°. Similarly, the secondary deflection angles in the other three quadrants can be determined, and the feed angle can be adjusted accordingly.

[0052] (8) Narrow groove machining in quadrant: In the four quadrants that are finally determined in step (5), the machining tool (with a fixed tool tip angle of 20°) determined in step (6) is used to perform narrow groove machining in the quadrant using the feed angle determined in step (7). Then, the machining tool is adjusted to the feed angle determined by the adjacent quadrant to perform narrow groove machining in each quadrant in sequence.

[0053] Furthermore, to facilitate rapid adjustment of the feed angle in adjacent quadrants, the following describes a machining tool (turning tool) according to the present invention. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7-12 The tool mainly includes: handle 1, blade 2, blade head 3, pressure plate 4, and screw 5.

[0054] The tool holder 1 includes: a mounting shank 101, a reference line 102, a tool receiving area, and a pressure plate mounting area. The tool receiving area has a tool receiving hole 103, and the pressure plate mounting area has a pressure plate mounting hole 104. The mounting shank 101 is used for mounting the entire tool. (See also...) Figure 8 In the side view, the pressure plate mounting area is adjacent to and higher than the blade receiving area, with the height difference being slightly less than the thickness of the blade body 2. The pressure plate 4 is positioned to extend beyond the pressure plate mounting area and above the blade receiving area via screws 5 and pressure plate mounting holes 104. The blade receiving area has a circular cross-section for receiving the blade 2 and a blade receiving hole 103 for mounting the blade 2, accommodating the blade 2 and allowing the blade 2 to rotate around the blade receiving hole 103.

[0055] See Figure 10 The blade body 2 includes a mounting end 201, a blade head mounting hole 202, and a scale line 203. The mounting end 201 is fitted into the blade body receiving hole 103, allowing the mounting end 201 to be inserted into and rotate within it. The main body of the blade body 2 is cylindrical, facilitating its placement within the blade receiving area of ​​the handle 1 and enabling rotation. This rotation is controlled by a pressure plate 4 (tightened with screws 5) located above the main body. In this example, the blade head mounting hole 202 on the side of the cylinder receives the main body of the blade head 3, achieving a fixed connection between the two, thereby enabling the blade body 2 to drive the rotation and angle adjustment of the blade head 3. Alternatively, the connection can be achieved by a protruding key on the side of the blade body 2 engaging with a groove on the main body of the blade head 3.

[0056] The baseline 102 and the scale line 203 work together to achieve precise angle adjustment. Figure 10 Only one scale line 203 is shown in the figure, which is directly opposite the tool head mounting hole 202. In fact, multiple scale lines 203 can be evenly arranged along the side of the main body of the tool body 2 to cooperate with the reference line 102 to achieve precise angle adjustment.

[0057] See Figure 11 The cutting head 3 includes a mounting body 301 and a cutting tip 302. The mounting body 301 is connected to the cutting head 2 by inserting into the cutting head mounting hole 202. Evenly distributed scale lines 203 are provided on the outer circumferential side of the cutting head 2, which cooperate with the tool holder reference line 102 to adjust the cutting tip machining angle, enabling machining of all grooves on the quadrant arc probe.

[0058] The tool tip 302 is designed according to the angle of the radial V-groove to be machined. If the tool tip angle is too small, the tool tip rigidity is poor; if the tool tip angle is too large, interference with the sides will occur during machining, which is not conducive to machining. The designed angle of the tool tip 302 can achieve the following: within the same quadrant (within a relatively narrow arc range), the tool tip 302 can be rotated to a fixed angle, which ensures that machining can be completed within the same quadrant without adjusting the tool tip angle, without interference, with a certain redundancy, thus improving machining efficiency.

[0059] During machining, the tool tip 302 feeds along the radial V-groove trajectory. It is not necessary to adjust the tool tip angle according to the angle of each groove; adjustment is only required when machining through quadrants. Machining along the V-groove boundary trajectory will not produce burrs.

[0060] Meanwhile, this tool can adjust the feed angle according to the part's feature dimensions, making it suitable for parts with small-sized radial V-grooves on curved surfaces of varying sizes. For example, when the V-groove angle changes on the part's surface, the tool tip angle and feed angle can be adjusted; when the angle or number of radial V-grooves changes, the quadrant division can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the tool tip machining angle. Using this device to machine radial V-grooves with a turning method, the tool tip feeds along the feature trajectory without producing burrs, saving production time. Furthermore, the quadrant division on the curved surface eliminates the need to adjust the tool tip angle based on the angle of each groove during machining; adjustment is only required when machining between quadrants. This avoids errors caused by the difficulty in accurately adjusting the tool tip angle when the angles of adjacent V-grooves change very little. This makes the tool suitable for machining parts with radial grooves in different quadrants on curved surfaces. After machining all V-grooves in the previous quadrant, the tool tip with the required angle for the next quadrant can be quickly clamped for machining, reducing clamping and adjustment time.

[0061] In summary, the method of this invention has the following advantages: Based on the angular characteristics of the radial V-groove and the tool performance, the tool tip angle is designed to retain maximum rigidity without interference during machining, reducing tool tip damage. Taking into account the V-groove angle, part curvature, and tool tip angle, it innovatively divides the entire radial V-groove surface of the part into different quadrants for machining, reducing the number of tool tip angle adjustments. Machining is performed by feeding the tool tip along the V-groove trajectory, rather than grooving, thus avoiding burr generation. Using this method to machine the radial V-groove on the spherical surface of the probe is simple and easy to operate, allowing for rapid tool changes and angle adjustments; the turning process eliminates the need for deburring, significantly improving machining efficiency; and the internal structure can be modified according to the part size, making it widely applicable.

[0062] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing a light alloy arc surface multi-angle narrow groove, characterized in that, The method comprises: (1) measuring the processing surface arc of the workpiece to be processed and determining the processing angle of the narrow groove to be processed; (2) preliminary quadrant division: the processing surface is preliminarily and widely divided into quadrants according to the processing surface arc; (3) calculating the overlapping angle formed by the first narrow groove and the last narrow groove on the arc surface in the quadrant divided in step (2) in the same plane, which is the maximum tool tip angle required by the preliminarily divided quadrant; (4) tool tip angle judgment: judging whether the maximum tool tip angle calculated in step (3) is processable; (5) quadrant re-division: if the maximum tool tip angle is determined to be unprocessable in step (4), the processing surface arc is divided into smaller quadrants by repeating steps (2) to (4) until the maximum tool tip angle is determined to be processable; (6) tool tip angle determination: according to the results of the final quadrant re-division in step (5), the maximum tool tip angle in each quadrant is calculated, and the minimum value is selected to determine the tool tip angle of the processing tool; (7) feed angle determination: according to the final quadrant in step (5), the angle overlapping part of the first narrow groove and the last narrow groove on the arc surface in the same plane is determined, and the feed angle is symmetrically arranged with the middle line of the overlapping part; (8) narrow groove processing in the quadrant: in the quadrant obtained by the final quadrant re-division in step (5), the processing tool determined in step (6) is used to process the narrow groove in the quadrant with the feed angle determined in step (7), and then the processing tool is adjusted to the feed angle determined for the adjacent quadrant to process the narrow groove in each quadrant in turn.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light alloy arc surface multi-angle narrow groove is characterized in that, The processability of the tool tip angle in step (4) refers to that the maximum tool tip angle is 15-90°; preferably, 15-45°; more preferably, 15-30°.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, In steps (2) and (5), the central angle of the arc surface of each quadrant obtained by the quadrant division is the same.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the light alloy arc surface is a multi-angle narrow slot. 5 The narrow groove is a central V-shaped groove, wherein the central angle of the arc surface of the single quadrant obtained by the quadrant re-division in step (5) is generally 15-30°.

5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the light alloy arc surface is a multi-angle narrow slot. 5 The adjustment of the feed angle of the adjacent quadrant in step (8) can be the adjustment of the overall tool body of the processing tool or the adjustment of the rotatable tool tip.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the light alloy arc surface multi-angle narrow groove is processed by a method comprising: The processing tool has a rotatable tool tip, and the continuous processing of each quadrant after the installation of the processing tool is realized by accurately controlling the change of the tool tip feed angle.

Images