Layered riprap and leveling process of sheltered sea floating type leveling ship

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of bed riprap leveling, and particularly relates to a floating type leveling ship for leveling layer riprap and a leveling process for covering sea area; the leveling ship is used to form a leveling layer by riprap on a bottom block stone layer; the height of a scraping head at the bottom of a riprap pipe is adjusted to be the height of the leveling layer, so that the height of the scraping head is the thickness of the leveling layer; the stone in the riprap pipe is maintained at a set height; a trolley on the leveling ship is started, and moves along a track at a set speed; the riprap pipe vibrates up and down in synchronization with the movement of the trolley; the stone in the riprap pipe falls from the scraping head onto the bottom block stone layer; the scraping head scrapes and vibrates the stone on the bottom block stone layer until the trolley moves to the other end of the track, and the first ship position is completed; the scraping head realizes synchronous construction of riprap and scraping, improves the operation efficiency, reduces the number of ships on site, and reduces the construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bed rock leveling technology, and in particular to a floating leveling vessel for sheltering sea areas, and the rock leveling process. Background Technology

[0002] Rock placement and compaction are key processes in gravity-type foundation construction, and their construction quality directly affects the stability and service life of the entire wharf structure.

[0003] The principle of vibratory compaction and leveling is to use vibration to collapse some of the high-point stones to the low-point stones, and then compact them through vibration, thereby ensuring that the bearing capacity of the subgrade is basically consistent throughout after construction. If there are continuous high points, it will lead to a series of problems such as difficulty in vibratory settlement, difficulty in controlling the elevation, and uneven bearing capacity of the subgrade. Although it is possible to complete the construction by increasing the compaction rate, it will increase the performance requirements of the equipment, cause stone breakage, and disturb and bulge the surrounding stones, affecting construction efficiency. If there are continuous low points, it will lead to problems such as not meeting the requirements for elevation and compaction rate, requiring the addition of subgrade stones and re-compaction and leveling, resulting in extended construction period, waste of resources, and reduced work efficiency.

[0004] After the bottom layer of boulders is leveled, the uneven parts between the boulders need to be filled with two pieces of stone. The sea area under shelter has relatively small waves, and the waves have little impact on the accuracy of the boulder leveling. At present, there is a lack of corresponding research on the boulder leveling technology for the sheltered sea area. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention provides a high-efficiency floating leveling vessel for leveling and leveling layers on a bottom layer of boulders, and a leveling process for the top layer of boulders.

[0006] This invention provides a floating leveling vessel for sheltering sea areas, a leveling layer for quarrying and a leveling process, wherein the leveling layer is formed by the leveling vessel quarrying stones on the bottom layer of boulders;

[0007] The process includes the following steps:

[0008] S1: The leveling vessel arrives at the construction location in the protected sea area and positions itself;

[0009] S2: Adjust the height of the leveling head at the bottom of the stone-throwing pipe from the bottom layer of boulders, so that the height of the leveling head is equal to the thickness of the leveling layer;

[0010] S3: The stone material in the riprap is maintained at a set height. The trolley on the leveling vessel is started. The trolley moves along the track at a set speed. The riprap vibrates up and down as it moves synchronously with the trolley. The stone material in the riprap falls from the leveling head onto the bottom layer of boulders. The leveling head levels the stone material that has fallen onto the bottom layer of boulders while simultaneously vibrating and compacting it until the trolley moves to the other end of the track. The construction of the first vessel position is completed.

[0011] S4: The leveling vessel moves to the next position and repeats step S3 until the rock-throwing and leveling operation of all positions is completed.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, in step S3, the up-and-down vibration of the flattening head is driven by the up-and-down vibration of the stone-throwing tube, the vibrating hammer drives the up-and-down vibration of the stone-throwing tube, the vibrating hammer is fixed at the bottom of the stone-throwing tube, and the vibrating hammer is driven to vibrate up and down by the lifting assembly.

[0013] The lifting component drives the vibratory hammer to vibrate up and down, which in turn drives the stone-throwing pipe to vibrate up and down. The stone-throwing pipe then drives the leveling head to vibrate up and down synchronously. The up-and-down vibration of the leveling head reduces the horizontal friction when leveling the stone. At the same time, under the gravity of the stone inside the stone-throwing pipe, the leveling head vibrates and compacts the stone while leveling it. The stone is vibrated, which reduces its porosity and increases the bearing capacity of the subgrade.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, in step S2, after the height of the leveling head is adjusted, the height of the vibratory hammer is adjusted by the lifting component. The bottom of the vibratory hammer is provided with a tamping plate, so that the tamping plate at the bottom of the vibratory hammer is higher than the leveling head by a set distance.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, in step S3, when the vibratory hammer vibrates up and down, the height of the tamping plate is kept higher than the height of the leveling head, so that the tamping plate does not come into contact with the stone material leveled by the leveling head.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, in step S3, the height of the stone material inside the riprap pipe is maintained at 3-5m, lower than the 7-8m height of the stone material inside a traditional riprap pipe. This reduces the vibration load on the leveling layer from the leveling head during compaction, reduces settlement, and also reduces the leveling force when the leveling head moves, thus lowering the structural design requirements for the riprap pipe. In some embodiments of this application, in step S2, the height of the leveling head is the sum of the designed riprap thickness of the leveling layer and the upper limit of the riprap height difference. The height of the tamping plate above the leveling head is the upper limit of the riprap height difference, preventing the tamping plate from scraping the stone material and affecting the leveling accuracy of the subgrade.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, in step S3, the traveling speed of the trolley is 1-2 m / min.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, in step S4, after the leveling boat is transferred to the next boat position, the trolley moves in the opposite direction to the previous boat position. The trolley does not need to return to the initial position of the track, thus achieving continuous stone throwing and leveling operations while shortening the construction time.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, in step S2, the leveling head adjusts its height via a retractable structure on its top, so that the leveling head is lower than the height of the tamping plate.

[0020] In step S3, when the tide level and the attitude of the leveling boat change, the telescopic structure extends and retracts in real time according to the elevation change of the leveling head, so that the relative height between the leveling head and the bottom layer of boulders remains unchanged to meet the leveling accuracy requirements.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, in step S3, during the stone-throwing process, the stone-throwing pipe scrapes stones exceeding the height of the leveling head to the furrow between two stone ridges via inclined plates on both sides of the leveling head, so that the two stone ridges can overlap; when the tide level and the attitude of the leveling boat change, the leveling head will not cause local bulging of the stones when it contacts the adjacent leveled stone ridge.

[0022] Based on the above technical solution, for continuous high or low points of the bottom rock layer in the protected sea area, rock-throwing and leveling operations are carried out. The vibratory hammer does not come into contact with the rock, realizing the simultaneous construction of rock-throwing, leveling and vibratory compaction of the flattening head, which improves the work efficiency, reduces the number of ships on site, and reduces the construction cost.

[0023] The height of the stone material inside the riprap is lower than that inside the traditional riprap, which reduces the vibration load on the leveling layer during the compaction process of the leveling head, reduces the settlement, and also reduces the leveling force when the leveling head moves, thus lowering the structural design requirements for the riprap.

[0024] The telescopic structure allows it to extend and retract in real time according to the change in the elevation of the leveling head when the attitude of the leveling vessel changes, thus adjusting the elevation of the leveling head to meet the leveling accuracy requirements.

[0025] While the stone-throwing pipe throws stones, the vibratory hammer is raised to vibrate up and down. The vibratory hammer drives the leveling head to vibrate up and down synchronously through the stone-throwing pipe. This can reduce the horizontal friction of the leveling head when leveling the stone, and the stone is vibrated, which reduces the porosity and increases the bearing capacity of the subgrade. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the stone-throwing and leveling process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a top view of the leveling vessel arriving at the construction position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a front view of the leveling boat and rock-throwing leveling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a construction route diagram of the leveling vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the integrated bed rock-filling and leveling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a top view of the integrated bed rock-filling and leveling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the stone-throwing tube in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the lifting component, the stone-throwing pipe, and the vibratory hammer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the lifting component, the stone-throwing pipe, and the vibratory hammer from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the feeding pipe, unloading pipe, vibrating hammer, and scraper head in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the feeding pipe, the unloading pipe, and the mounting part in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inclined plate at the bottom of the scraper head in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quarry pipe guard plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of boulder control elevation calculation for the present invention.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 10. Leveling boat; 11. First positioning GPS; 12. Second positioning GPS; 13. Third elevation GPS; 14. Positioning cable; 15. First boat position; 16. Second boat position; 21. Track; 22. Trolley; 221. Fixing frame; 31. Stone throwing pipe; 311. Discharge pipe; 3111. Guard plate; 312. Unloading pipe; 3121. Unloading port; 313. Scraper head; 3131. Inclined plate; 314. Installation part; 32. Hopper; 33. Telescopic cylinder; 40. Vibratory hammer; 41. Ramming plate; 50. Lifting assembly; 51. Winch; 52. Guide wheel; 53. Fixed pulley; 54. Moving pulley; 60. Vibration damping assembly; 61. Spring; 70. Bottom layer of boulders; 71. Second boulders. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0045] The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0047] This embodiment describes a floating leveling vessel used for the sheltered sea area, employing a fully floating leveling vessel 10 to place two slabs of stone on top of a bottom layer of 10-100kg stones 70 to form a leveling layer. Figure 1 As shown, the leveling layer riprap and leveling process includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: Leveling vessel 10 arrives at the construction location in the protected sea area and positions itself;

[0049] S2: Adjust the height of the leveling head at the bottom of the stone-throwing pipe 31 from the bottom layer of stone blocks 70, so that the height of the leveling head is the thickness of the leveling layer.

[0050] S3: The stone in the slab 31 is kept at the set height. The trolley 22 on the leveling boat 10 is started. The trolley 22 moves along the track 21 at a set speed. The slab 31 vibrates up and down as it moves synchronously with the trolley 22. The stone in the slab 31 falls from the leveling head 313 onto the bottom layer of boulders 70. The leveling head 313 levels the stone that falls onto the bottom layer of boulders 70 and vibrates and compacts it until the trolley 22 moves to the other end of the track 21. The construction of the first boat position is completed.

[0051] S4: Move the leveling boat 10 to the next boat position and repeat step S3 until the rock-filling and leveling work at all boat positions is completed.

[0052] It should be noted that in step S1, when the leveling vessel 10 reaches the construction position of the first vessel in the protected sea area, the leveling vessel straddles the foundation bed and is positioned using the positioning cable 14. Figure 2 As shown.

[0053] In some embodiments, in step S3, the up-and-down vibration of the flattening head 313 is driven by the up-and-down vibration of the stone-throwing tube 31, and the vibrating hammer 40 is fixed at the bottom of the stone-throwing tube 31. The vibrating hammer 40 is driven to vibrate up and down by the lifting assembly 50.

[0054] In other words, the lifting component 50 drives the vibratory hammer 40 to vibrate up and down, the vibratory hammer 40 drives the stone throwing pipe 31 to vibrate up and down, the stone throwing pipe 31 drives the leveling head 313 to vibrate up and down synchronously. The up and down vibration of the leveling head 313 can reduce the horizontal friction force of the leveling head 313 when leveling the stone in step S3. At the same time, under the gravity of the stone in the stone throwing pipe 31, the leveling head 313 vibrates and compacts the stone while leveling it. The stone is vibrated, the porosity decreases, and the bearing capacity of the foundation bed increases.

[0055] In some embodiments, by Figure 10It can be seen that the bottom of the vibratory hammer 40 is provided with a tamping plate 41. In step S2, after the height of the flattening head 313 is adjusted, the height of the vibratory hammer 40 is adjusted by the lifting component 50 so that the tamping plate 41 at the bottom of the vibratory hammer 40 is higher than the set distance of the flattening head 313.

[0056] In some embodiments, in step S3, when the vibratory hammer 40 vibrates up and down, the height of the ramming plate 41 is kept higher than the height of the flattening head 313 so that the ramming plate 41 does not come into contact with the stone material flattened by the flattening head 313.

[0057] In some embodiments, in step S3, the height of the stone material in the stone-throwing pipe 31 is maintained at 3~5m, which is lower than the height of the stone material in the traditional stone-throwing pipe of 7~8m. This reduces the vibration load on the leveling layer by the leveling head 313 during the compaction process, reduces the settlement, and also reduces the leveling force when the leveling head 313 moves, thus lowering the structural design requirements of the stone-throwing pipe 31.

[0058] In some embodiments, in step S2, the height of the leveling head 313 is the sum of the designed stone thickness of the leveling layer and the upper limit of the stone height difference. The height of the tamping plate 41 above the leveling head 313 is the upper limit of the stone height difference, so as to prevent the tamping plate 41 from scraping the stone and affecting the leveling accuracy of the base bed.

[0059] In some embodiments, in step S3, the traveling speed of the trolley 22 is 1-2 m / min.

[0060] In some embodiments, in step S4, after the leveling boat 10 is transferred to the next boat position, the trolley 22 moves in the opposite direction to the previous boat position. The trolley 22 does not need to return to the initial position of the track 21, thus achieving continuous stone throwing and leveling operations while shortening the construction time.

[0061] In some embodiments, in step S2, the leveling head 313 adjusts its height through a retractable structure provided on its top, so that the leveling head 313 is lower than the height of the ramming plate 41.

[0062] In step S3, when the tide level and the attitude of the leveling boat 10 change, the telescopic structure expands and contracts in real time according to the elevation change of the leveling head 313, so that the relative height between the leveling head 313 and the bottom layer of boulders 70 remains unchanged to meet the requirements of leveling accuracy.

[0063] In some embodiments, during step S3, the stone-throwing pipe 31 scrapes stones exceeding the height of the leveling head to the ditch between two stone ridges by means of inclined plates on both sides of the leveling head 313, so that the two stone ridges can overlap; when the tide level and the attitude of the leveling boat change, the leveling head will not cause local bulging of the stones when it contacts the adjacent leveled stone ridge.

[0064] When necessary, such as Figure 12As shown, the inclined plate 3131 is located on both sides of the bottom of the flattening head 313, extending horizontally outward. The inclined plate 3131 is inclined upward in a direction away from the flattening head 313, and the edge of the inclined plate 3131 is 2.5cm higher than the bottom of the flattening head.

[0065] In step S4, during the stone throwing process, the inclined plate 3131 is located on both sides of the moving direction of the leveling head 313, scraping the stone material that exceeds the leveling head 313 to the ridge position between the two crushed stone ridges, so that the two crushed stone ridges can overlap; when the tide level and the posture of the leveling boat change, when the leveling head 313 contacts the adjacent leveled crushed stone ridge, it will not cause local bulging of the stone material, thus affecting the leveling accuracy. Specific Implementation Example 1

[0067] The rock-throwing and leveling process of the floating leveling vessel for sheltered sea areas provided by this invention is explained in conjunction with the rock-throwing and leveling structure of a fully floating leveling vessel used in a certain project:

[0068] like Figures 2-7 As shown, the leveling boat 10 of this embodiment is equipped with a track 21 and a trolley 22 that travels along the track. A stone-throwing pipe 31 is installed on the trolley 22. The stone-throwing pipe 31 is vertically installed inside the trolley 22. A tiltable hopper 32 is also installed on the trolley 22.

[0069] like Figure 11 As shown, the stone-throwing pipe 31 includes a vertically arranged feeding pipe 311 and a discharge pipe 312 extending forward and downward below the feeding pipe 311. The wall of the discharge pipe 312 is a closed structure, and its bottom opening forms a discharge port 3121. The discharge port 3121 is connected to the leveling head 313 through a flange. The leveling head 313 has the functions of stone throwing and leveling. In this embodiment, the planar dimensions of the leveling head 313 are 1.5m × 1.5m. The feeding pipe 311 continues to extend downward along its axial direction to form a cylindrical mounting part 314. Since the wall of the discharge pipe 312 is a closed structure, the stone material will not leak from the discharge pipe 312 into the mounting part 314. The vibratory hammer 40 is fixed below the mounting part 314 and is located behind the leveling head 313. The two are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0070] The flattening head 313 is connected to the telescopic structure. In this embodiment, the telescopic structure consists of two telescopic cylinders 33 arranged at the front and rear. The cylinder of the telescopic cylinder 33 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the unloading pipe 312. The bottom of the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 33 is fixed to the flattening head 313. The extension and retraction direction of the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 33 is parallel to the axial direction of the unloading pipe 311, both being vertical. The extension or retraction of the telescopic cylinder 33 drives the flattening head 313 to descend or rise, adjusting the relative height between the flattening head 313 and the ramming plate 41.

[0071] The leveling head 313 is located in front of the vibratory hammer 40. Under different construction conditions, it can first throw stones and level the surface, and then vibrate and compact the surface. In this embodiment, the effective stroke of the telescopic cylinder is 120cm. The telescopic cylinder 33 can extend or shorten so that the distance between the leveling head 313 and the tamping plate 41 is +5cm to -100cm. That is, the telescopic cylinder 33 can adjust the leveling head 313 to be between 5cm below the tamping plate and 100cm above the tamping plate to meet the functions of leveling and vibratory compaction.

[0072] The vibratory hammer 40 is connected to the lifting assembly 50 at the top. In order to ensure that the vibratory hammer 40 is subjected to uniform force when adjusting its height and to prevent the tamping plate 41 from tilting, two sets of lifting assemblies 50 are symmetrically connected to the top of the vibratory hammer 40. The lifting assembly 50 adjusts the height of the vibratory hammer 40 according to the height of the base bed leveling.

[0073] like Figures 8-9 As shown, each lifting assembly 50 includes a winch 51, guide wheel 52, fixed pulley 53, and movable pulley 54. The winch 51 is located at the end of the trolley 22. The guide wheel 52 and fixed pulley 53 are mounted on the fixed frame 221 of the trolley. The wire rope 511 of the winch 51 passes through the guide wheel 52 and fixed pulley 53 in sequence, after which the direction of the wire rope 511 changes from horizontal to vertically downward. The movable pulley 54 is located at the end of the wire rope 511, and the vibrating hammer 40 is connected below the movable pulley 54. The arrangement of each component in the lifting assembly 50 mainly considers the relevant specifications for the winch rope winding during operation. According to the winch system regulations, the wire rope deflection angle should not exceed 5°, otherwise problems such as rope tangling and reduced wire rope life will occur. The winch 51 adjusts the height of the movable pulley 54 by winding and unwinding the wire rope 511, thereby adjusting the height of the vibrating hammer 40.

[0074] In this embodiment, based on the positional relationship between the stroke of the telescopic cylinder 33 and the vibratory hammer ramming plate 41, the telescopic cylinder 33 extends, so that the distance D between the flattening head 313 and the ramming plate 41 is 5cm. Figure 10 As shown; the vibratory hammer 40 is lifted by the winch 51 of the lifting component 50, and the height of the slab-scraping head 313 is raised accordingly by the slab-scraping pipe 31, so that the height of the slab-scraping head 313 is 70 above the bottom layer of boulders. This is adjusted to be the sum of the design thickness of the slab-scraping layer and the upper limit of the height difference of the slab-scraping layer, which is 55cm. The distance between the tamping plate 41 and the slab-scraping head 313 is 5cm, which is 10cm above the leveling layer. This is to prevent the slab-scraping head 313 from scraping two stones during leveling, which would affect the leveling accuracy of the top slab-scraping bed.

[0075] The process of leveling and leveling the sea area using a floating leveling vessel includes the following steps:

[0076] The material supply vessel arrives at the construction site and moors at the docking position of the leveling vessel 10 near the trolley 22. The two stones 71 are transferred to the hopper 32 by the backhoe excavator and then poured from the hopper 32 into the slab pipe 31.

[0077] Start the trolley 22. The trolley 22 moves along the track 21 at a speed of 1m / s. The stone throwing pipe 31 moves synchronously with the trolley 22. The two stones 71 enter the stone throwing pipe 31 through the hopper 32 and fall into the base bed from the scraper head 313.

[0078] The height of the two stones 71 inside the stone-throwing pipe 31 is maintained at 3~5m, which is lower than the stone height of 7~8m in the traditional stone-throwing pipe. This reduces the vibration load on the leveling layer by the leveling head 313 during the compaction process, reduces the settlement, and also reduces the horizontal leveling force when the leveling head 313 moves, thus lowering the structural design requirements of the stone-throwing pipe.

[0079] The stone-throwing pipe 31 moves while throwing stones, and the leveling head 313 levels the two stones. While the stone-throwing pipe 31 throws stones, the lifting component 50 lifts the vibratory hammer 40. When the tamping plate 41 moves up and down, its lowest height is 10cm higher than the leveling layer so that the tamping plate 41 does not come into contact with the leveled stone. The vibratory hammer 40 drives the leveling head 313 to vibrate synchronously. Under the gravity of the stone in the stone-throwing pipe 31, the leveling head 313 has a certain compaction effect on the stone while leveling it.

[0080] During the stone-throwing process, the stone-throwing pipe 31 scrapes stones exceeding the height of the leveling head to the ditch between two stone ridges via inclined plates on both sides of the leveling head 313, allowing the two stone ridges to overlap. When the tide level and the attitude of the leveling boat change, the leveling head will not cause local bulging of the stones when it comes into contact with the adjacent leveled stone ridge.

[0081] During the stone throwing process, the inclined plate 3131 is located on both sides of the moving direction of the leveling head 313, scraping the stone material that exceeds the leveling head 313 to the ridge position between the two stone ridges, so that the two stone ridges can overlap; when the tide level and the posture of the leveling boat change, when the leveling head 313 contacts the adjacent leveled stone ridge, it will not cause local bulging of the stone material, thus affecting the leveling accuracy.

[0082] Meanwhile, the tide level and waves in the sheltered sea area are relatively small, and the attitude of the leveling vessel changes slightly. The elevation of the leveling head 313 changes accordingly. Since the change is small, the elevation change of the leveling head 313 caused by the change in the attitude of the vessel can be met by adjusting the telescopic cylinder. The telescopic cylinder 33 retracts or extends accordingly according to the elevation change of the leveling head 313, so that the relative height between the leveling head 313 and the bottom bottom layer of boulders 70 remains unchanged, thus meeting the requirements of the leveling head 313 for material scraping and leveling accuracy.

[0083] According to suchFigure 4 The zigzag construction route shown indicates that when the leveling boat 10 moves from the first boat position 15 to the second boat position 16, the trolley 22 moves in the opposite direction to the first boat position 15. It does not need to return to the initial position of the trolley when it was in the first boat position 15, which can realize continuous stone throwing and leveling operations, saving construction time. Repeat the above steps until the construction is completed.

[0084] In this embodiment, the furrows of the leveling layer and the furrows of the bottom stone layer 70 are staggered by half a furrow to make the bearing capacity of the subgrade more uniform and further improve the bearing capacity of the subgrade.

[0085] In this embodiment, based on the experience of using a fully floating leveling vessel for riprap placement on a gravity-type wharf foundation, the vessel positioning step distance is set to 170cm.

[0086] In order to achieve continuous hammering during the lifting of the vibratory hammer 40 and reduce vibration to the structure, a vibration damping component 60 is provided below each movable pulley 54. Therefore, the two vibration damping components 60 are arranged one in front of the other. The vibratory hammer 40 is fixed below the vibration damping component 60. The vibration damping component 60 includes two springs 61 arranged vertically side by side. The top of the springs 61 is fixed to the bottom of the movable pulley 54, and the bottom of the springs 61 is fixed to the top of the hammer cage of the vibratory hammer 40.

[0087] In this embodiment, the single-sided vibration damping component 60 meets the requirement of increasing the overall weight. The spring 61 is a compression spring with the following parameters: spring wire diameter Φ50 mm, spring mean diameter Φ90 mm, pitch 78 mm, effective number of coils 5, support number of coils 2, total number of coils 7, and free height 500 mm.

[0088] The winch 51 is used to lift the vibration component. In this embodiment, the vibration reduction structure 35t adopts a double pulley block with a fixed pulley and a movable pulley. When selecting the winch 51 for lifting component 50, two 8t winches are used in conjunction with a 4x pulley block. When the vibration component is compacted and leveled, the winch 51 continuously releases the wire rope to avoid affecting the compaction and leveling efficiency.

[0089] Specifically, such as Figure 10 As shown, the angle α between the central axis of the feed pipe 311 and the central axis of the discharge pipe 312 is 45°, which facilitates the smooth flow of the riprap from the feed pipe 311 to the discharge pipe 312.

[0090] To ensure the stone-throwing and leveling function is achieved, and to minimize the distance and weight between the leveling head 313 and the vibrating hammer 40, the distance L between the front end of the hammer cage of the vibrating hammer 40 and the rear end of the leveling head 313 is 210mm in this embodiment. The stone material falls through the feeding pipe 311, the unloading pipe 312, and the leveling head 313.

[0091] To accommodate rock dumping at different water depths, multiple feeding ports (not shown in the figure) are provided on one side of the feed pipe 311 from top to bottom, such as... Figure 13 As shown, each feeding port is equipped with a protective plate 3111 for opening or covering the feeding port. The hopper 32 is located on the side of the trolley 22 opposite to the feeding port. The hopper 32 is hinged to the trolley 22 by a pin. The hopper 32 is rotated by the winch. The trolley 22 is located on the side of the leveling vessel 10. The feeding vessel is equipped with a backhoe excavator. When the feeding vessel approaches the leveling vessel 10, the backhoe excavator feeds the hopper 32. The hopper 32 rotates between the vertical state and the working state relative to the trolley 22. When the winch releases the cable, it drives the hopper 32 to lower and rotate to the working state, so that the discharge port of the hopper 32 is directly opposite the feeding port opened below the trolley 22. The backhoe excavator throws stones into the hopper 32, and the hopper 32 is in operation. When the winch retracts the cable, the hopper 32 rotates to the vertical state, and the hopper 32 is located on the side of the trolley 22, and the hopper 32 is in the towing state. After the leveling vessel enters the site, it is positioned and the riprap 31 is lowered to the set height. The laying position and elevation are confirmed. The material supply vessel is moored at the leveling vessel's mooring pier and positioned. The material supply vessel feeds the material to the hopper 32 through the backhoe excavator on the material supply vessel.

[0092] In this embodiment, the hopper 32 has a length of 6m, a maximum width of 4.5m, and a minimum width of 1.9m. The discharge port has the same diameter as the feed port of the stone-throwing pipe, which is 1.2m. The total height of the hopper is 2.2m. A 20mm thick steel plate is used as the bottom plate of the hopper, and a 300mm channel steel is used as the bottom plate frame, with one channel steel arranged every 600mm. When stones are thrown into the hopper, a 107mm high I-beam is used as a limit to ensure that the stones fall in the direction of the hopper's inclination. To ensure the lateral strength of the hopper, the side plates of the hopper use 20mm thick steel plates as baffles, and a reinforcing rib is set every 59cm using 16mm thick steel plates.

[0093] In this embodiment, the ramming plate 41 is 2.5m long and 2m wide; the leveling head 313 is 1.2m wide and 1.2m wide; the stone material is two pieces of stone 71; the height difference of the paved stones is ±5cm; and the thickness of the leveling layer is 50cm.

[0094] To improve construction quality and efficiency, the integrated riprap leveling and ballast system also includes a measurement and control system, which includes a ship positioning system, a vibration compaction elevation measurement and control system, and a leveling measurement and control system.

[0095] The ship positioning system includes a first positioning GPS 11 and a second positioning GPS 12 respectively installed at the bow and stern of the leveling vessel. Before precise positioning, the leveling vessel 10 calculates the coordinates of the first positioning GPS 11 and the second positioning GPS 12 according to the ship layout diagram and inputs them into the ship guidance system to generate the target ship position. In this embodiment, the first positioning GPS 11 and the second positioning GPS 12 are high-precision dual-frequency GPS devices.

[0096] like Figure 14 The diagram shown illustrates the principle of calculating the elevation control using riprap. In the diagram, H... b -Subgrade bottom elevation (m); δ p - Positive elevation difference of the boulders (m); δ n - Negative elevation difference of riprap (m); The design elevation for leveling is calculated according to formulas (1) to (3), specifically:

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Among them, H r The elevation (m) is controlled by riprap.

[0100] H1 is the leveling design elevation (m);

[0101] S is the amount of vibration settlement (m);

[0102] d0 is the theoretical control height of the riprap layer and the average height of the cross-sectional area (m).

[0103] d1 is the layer thickness (m);

[0104] λ s To determine the settlement rate, in this embodiment the compaction rate is 10%~15%, and the construction quality is controlled by measuring the settlement rate through on-site test compaction.

[0105] The vibration compaction elevation measurement and control system of this embodiment includes a third elevation GPS13 installed on the top of the riprap pipe 31, which can measure the elevation of the compaction plate 41 in real time. When vibration compaction begins, it can automatically control the vibration compaction and leveling operation according to the elevation of the compaction plate 41.

[0106] The leveling measurement and control system includes a third elevation GPS13 and a displacement sensor installed on the telescopic cylinder 33 to monitor the vertical displacement of the leveling head 313. The elevation of the leveling head can be calculated by combining the data from the third elevation GPS13 with the data from the displacement sensor.

[0107] When construction is carried out in the protected sea area, the attitude of the leveling vessel will change slightly, and the monitoring data of the third elevation GPS13 will change accordingly. The elevation of the leveling head will change accordingly. The telescopic cylinder will be extended and retracted in real time according to the change in the elevation of the leveling head, so that the elevation of the leveling head is always at the set position, thereby realizing the control and monitoring of the leveling elevation.

[0108] During construction, the GPS13 system at the third elevation displays and records the real-time elevation of the stone-filled subgrade surface. Unaffected by tide levels, the system software can use data from the ship's onboard inclinometer to continuously adjust the thickness and elevation of the stone-filled blocks, achieving automated operation. After the stone-filled section is completed, multi-beam echocardiography is used for quality inspection, generating clear 3D contour images, planar contour images, and accurate cross-sectional diagrams. The 3D images allow for direct observation of the filling effect. Current inspection results from the constructed areas show that the deep-water leveling vessel has achieved good construction results, meeting design requirements. The measurement and control system reduces costs by utilizing the same hardware and allows for switching between displayed key data based on different construction procedures and techniques.

[0109] Based on the above technical solution, for continuous high or low points of the bottom rock layer in the protected sea area, rock-throwing and leveling operations are carried out. The vibratory hammer does not come into contact with the rock, realizing the simultaneous construction of rock-throwing, leveling and vibratory compaction of the flattening head, which improves the work efficiency, reduces the number of ships on site, and reduces the construction cost.

[0110] The height of the stone material inside the riprap is lower than that inside the traditional riprap, which reduces the vibration load on the leveling layer during the compaction process of the leveling head, reduces the settlement, and also reduces the leveling force when the leveling head moves, thus lowering the structural design requirements for the riprap.

[0111] The retractable structure allows it to extend and retract in real time according to the change in the elevation of the leveling head when the attitude of the leveling vessel changes, thus adjusting the height of the leveling head to meet the leveling accuracy requirements.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0113] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for leveling and leveling a floating leveling vessel in a protected sea area, characterized in that: The leveling layer is formed by leveling boats throwing stones onto the bottom layer of boulders. The process includes the following steps: S1: The leveling vessel arrives at the construction location in the protected sea area and positions itself; S2: Adjust the height of the leveling head at the bottom of the stone-throwing pipe from the bottom layer of the stone block so that the height of the leveling head is the thickness of the leveling layer. After the height of the leveling head is adjusted, adjust the height of the vibratory hammer by lifting the lifting component. The bottom of the vibratory hammer is equipped with a tamping plate so that the tamping plate at the bottom of the vibratory hammer is higher than the set distance of the leveling head. S3: The stone material inside the stone-throwing pipe is maintained at a set height. The trolley on the leveling boat is started. The trolley moves along the track at a set speed. The stone-throwing pipe vibrates up and down as it moves synchronously with the trolley. The up and down vibration of the leveling head is driven by the up and down vibration of the stone-throwing pipe. The vibrating hammer drives the up and down vibration of the stone-throwing pipe. The vibrating hammer is fixed at the bottom of the stone-throwing pipe. The vibrating hammer is driven to vibrate up and down by the lifting assembly. The up and down vibration of the leveling head reduces the horizontal friction force when the leveling head is leveling the stone material. At the same time, under the gravity of the stone material inside the stone-throwing pipe, the leveling head vibrates and compacts the stone material while leveling it. The stones inside the riprap pipe fall from the leveling head onto the bottom layer of boulders. The leveling head levels the stones that have fallen onto the bottom layer of boulders while simultaneously vibrating and compacting them until the trolley moves to the other end of the track, and the construction of the first berth is completed. S4: The leveling boat moves to the next boat position and repeats step S3 until the rock-throwing and leveling operation of all boat positions is completed.

2. The floating leveling vessel and leveling process for the sheltered sea area, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S3, when the vibratory hammer vibrates up and down, the height of the tamping plate is kept higher than the height of the leveling head, so that the tamping plate does not come into contact with the stone material leveled by the leveling head.

3. The floating leveling vessel and leveling process for the sheltered sea area, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S3, the height of the stones inside the stone-throwing pipe is maintained at 3~5m.

4. The floating leveling vessel and leveling process for the sheltered sea area, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S2, the height of the leveling head is the sum of the designed riprap thickness of the leveling layer and the upper limit of the riprap height difference, and the height of the tamping plate above the leveling head is the upper limit of the riprap height difference.

5. The floating leveling vessel and leveling process for the sheltered sea area, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S3, the trolley travels at a speed of 1-2 m / min.

6. The floating leveling vessel and leveling process for the sheltered sea area, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S4, after the leveling vessel is transferred to the next vessel position, the trolley moves in the opposite direction to the previous vessel position.

7. The floating leveling vessel and leveling process for sheltered sea areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the height of the scraper head is adjusted by a retractable structure on its top, so that the height of the scraper head is lower than that of the tamping plate. In step S3, when the tide level and the attitude of the leveling boat change, the telescopic structure extends and retracts in real time according to the elevation change of the leveling head, so that the relative height between the leveling head and the bottom layer of boulders remains unchanged.

8. The floating leveling vessel and leveling process for the sheltered sea area, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S3, during the stone-throwing process, the stone-throwing pipe scrapes stones exceeding the height of the leveling head to the furrow between two stone ridges via inclined plates on both sides of the leveling head, allowing the two stone ridges to overlap. When the tide level and the attitude of the leveling boat change, the leveling head will not cause local bulging of the stones when it contacts the adjacent leveled stone ridge.

Images