Pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply and installation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline safety monitoring, and discloses a pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply and an installation method.The system comprises at least two displacement monitoring terminals matched with the pipeline environment temperature, a solar power supply system, a special installation support and a monitored heat conduction oil pipeline; the displacement monitoring terminal is fixedly connected to the top end of the special installation support through bolts, electrically connected with the solar power supply system and used for collecting and transmitting pipeline displacement data. The displacement monitoring terminal comprises a satellite positioning board card, a main controller, a storage chip, a communication chip, a voltage reduction chip and a LoRa module which are electrically connected through wires. The pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply and the installation method have the advantages of being accurate in monitoring, timely in early warning, reliable in power supply, unattended, standard in installation, wide in adaptability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pipeline safety monitoring technology, specifically to a pipeline displacement monitoring system and installation method based on satellite positioning and solar power. Background Technology

[0002] Long-distance pipelines, such as oil and natural gas pipelines, and heat transfer oil pipelines used as energy transport media in concentrated solar power plants, are critical arteries in national energy strategies and industrial facilities. These pipelines are typically laid in geographically complex and sparsely populated areas such as wilderness, deserts, and mountains. During long-term operation, pipelines and their supporting structures are subject to displacement and deformation due to the coupled effects of thermodynamic effects, geological activity and environmental influences, mechanical vibration, and long-term loads. If such displacements are not controlled in a timely manner, they can lead to pipeline stress concentration, fatigue damage, and sealing failure, or even pipeline twisting, breakage, or explosions and leaks, causing significant economic losses, energy interruptions, and environmental pollution.

[0003] Existing pipeline displacement monitoring technologies are mainly divided into three categories. Traditional geodetic methods rely on optical instruments such as total stations, requiring manual on-site inspections. This results in low efficiency, poor automation, discrete data, and high labor costs. Furthermore, these methods are limited by environmental conditions and safety risks, failing to meet the needs of intelligent management. Local monitoring technologies based on inclinometers, strain gauges, etc., require indirect displacement calculation through mathematical models, affecting accuracy and reliability. They also have limited monitoring range, high system complexity, difficult wiring, high costs, and are susceptible to vibration and temperature interference, resulting in insufficient long-term stability. Both of the first two monitoring methods have certain limitations. In contrast, emerging satellite positioning monitoring technology, using carrier phase differential technology, can achieve real-time three-dimensional positioning at the centimeter to millimeter level. It has advantages such as all-weather operation, automation, high precision, and global coverage, enabling continuous, real-time, and remote monitoring of the displacement of key pipeline points, thus overcoming the shortcomings of the first two types of technologies.

[0004] Applying satellite positioning technology directly to pipeline displacement monitoring faces two major technical obstacles. The first is the problem of satellite signal obstruction. The displacement monitoring terminal needs to stably receive signals from at least four satellites. However, large-diameter pipelines, dense pipe bundles and ancillary facilities, and the surrounding environment can create "signal shadow zones" and may also cause multipath effects, leading to deterioration of positioning accuracy or even data failure. The second is the issue of the rigidity of the installation structure and the measurement benchmark. If the cantilever support rod used to avoid obstruction is not rigid enough, it will deflect under wind loads, gravity, and vibration. Its own deformation is mixed with the actual displacement of the pipeline support, introducing a non-negligible measurement error. Therefore, designing an installation device that can avoid obstruction, has high rigidity, and suppresses its own deformation is the core challenge for the successful application of this technology.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies either fail to meet the requirements for real-time and automated monitoring, or face fundamental obstacles in signal reception under the specific obstructed environment of pipelines, or cannot guarantee measurement accuracy due to insufficient mechanical properties of the installation structure. Therefore, a pipeline displacement monitoring system and installation method based on satellite positioning and solar power supply are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a pipeline displacement monitoring system and installation method based on satellite positioning and solar power supply. It has advantages such as accurate monitoring, timely early warning, reliable power supply, unattended operation, standardized installation, and wide adaptability. It solves the problems of existing technologies that either cannot meet the needs of real-time and automated monitoring, or have fundamental obstacles to signal reception in the specific obstructed environment of pipelines, or cannot guarantee measurement accuracy due to insufficient mechanical performance of the installation structure.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply includes at least two displacement monitoring terminals adapted to the pipeline ambient temperature, a solar power supply system, a dedicated mounting bracket, and a monitored heat transfer oil pipeline; the displacement monitoring terminal is fixedly connected to the top of the dedicated mounting bracket by bolts and is electrically connected to the solar power supply system for collecting and transmitting pipeline displacement data; the displacement monitoring terminal includes a satellite positioning board, a main controller, a storage chip, a communication chip, a step-down chip, and a LoRa module, and the modules are electrically connected to each other by wires; the dedicated mounting bracket includes a vertical truss, a positive arc bracket, a negative arc bracket, and a three-dimensional truss. The system comprises a corner connector, an upper truss, two sets of positioning clamps, and a lower truss. The positioning clamps include two parallel H-shaped clamps and multiple special bolts, with the two H-shaped clamps fixedly connected by these bolts. The upper and lower trusses are parallel and located inside the positioning clamps. The vertical truss, upper truss, and lower truss are detachably connected via a triangular connector. The vertical and lower trusses form an L-shaped support via the triangular connector. Both the positive arc bracket and the negative arc bracket are fixedly connected at one end to the outside of the vertical truss and at the other end to the outside of the upper truss. The positive arc bracket and the negative arc bracket are detachably connected via anti-loosening nuts.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0009] Preferably, the solar power supply system includes a solar panel, a power supply control box, and a connecting base. The solar panel and the power supply control box are both fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting base, and the power supply control box is electrically connected to the displacement monitoring terminal.

[0010] Preferably, the electrical connection method of the internal modules of the displacement monitoring terminal is as follows: the signal output terminal of the satellite positioning board is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main controller through a wire, and the control output terminal of the main controller is electrically connected to the control input terminals of the storage chip, communication chip, step-down chip, and LoRa module through wires respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the main controller has a built-in temperature sensor, and the signal output terminal of the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main controller; the displacement monitoring terminal also has a SIM card slot and external buttons installed inside.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-loosening nut includes a tightening bolt, a connecting nut, and an anti-loosening cap. The tightening bolt passes through the positive arc bracket and the negative arc bracket and is locked in both directions by the connecting nut and the anti-loosening cap.

[0013] An installation method for a pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply includes the following steps: S1: L-shaped support assembly: The bidirectional connection ports of the triangular connector are respectively fitted and connected to the ends of the vertical truss and the lower truss, and the connection is pre-tightened by the fixing bolts of the triangular connector, with an adjustment margin reserved; S2: L-shaped support fixing: Place the converted L-shaped support on the heat transfer oil pipe base, ensuring that it is fully in contact with the base plane, stable at the bottom without shaking, and in a horizontal state; S3: Upper Truss Pre-fixing: The triangular connector is connected to the upper end of the upper truss through a triangular fixing bolt, and when connected, the triangular fixing bolt between the triangular connector and the L-shaped support remains in a loose state; S4: H-type clamp installation: H-type clamps are installed at both ends of the upper and lower trusses respectively. They are initially clamped by special bolts. After the levelness is checked by a laser level, all connecting node bolts are tightened in diagonal order to ensure that the first natural frequency of the overall structure is greater than 15Hz. S5: Arc-shaped bracket fastening: The positive arc-shaped bracket, the negative arc-shaped bracket and the L-shaped support are pre-connected by anti-loosening nuts. After adjusting the positive arc-shaped bracket to fit against the outer wall of the pipe, the anti-loosening nuts are tightened symmetrically in steps. After tightening, the sonic flaw detection shows no loose connection. The stiffness is tested by loading 1.2 times the design load.

[0014] Preferably, the deployment steps of the solar power supply system are as follows: S01: Solar panel fixing: Select an unobstructed area within 1.5m next to the displacement monitoring terminal, pour a concrete base with a burial depth of 600mm, and bolt the connecting base to the concrete base. The solar panel is fixedly connected to the connecting base by bolts. The solar panel faces due south with an inclination angle of 35-45°. S02: Battery installation: The battery is enclosed in a stainless steel protective box, which is buried 1m underground and 50cm above the ground. The power supply control box is bolted to the connecting base, and the distance between the power supply control box and the battery is <5m. A conduit is laid between the two, and both ends of the conduit are sealed. S03: Cable connection: Connect the cables using insulated cables according to the following path: "Solar panel positive terminal → Power supply control box photovoltaic input positive terminal, Solar panel negative terminal → Power supply control box photovoltaic input negative terminal, Battery positive terminal → Power supply control box battery input positive terminal, Battery negative terminal → Power supply control box battery input negative terminal, Power supply control box output positive terminal → Displacement monitoring terminal power supply positive terminal, Power supply control box output negative terminal → Displacement monitoring terminal power supply negative terminal". After the cables are inserted into the PE conduit, wrap both ends with waterproof tape.

[0015] Preferably, the system debugging steps are as follows: S11: Power supply verification: Turn on the main switch of the power supply control box, observe the indicator lights, and use a multimeter to measure the voltage of each electrical connection interface. Photovoltaic input is 12-20V, fully charged battery is 12-14.4V, and output is 12±0.3V. Monitor the power generation and power consumption for 24 hours continuously. On sunny days, the power generation is >150Wh and the power consumption is <80Wh. S12: Communication and Positioning Verification: The satellite positioning board collects 15-25 sets of coordinate data, transmits the data through electrical connection with the main controller, and calculates the initial reference coordinates; the remote monitoring center sends instructions to communicate with the displacement monitoring terminal through the communication chip or LoRa module, and performs 10 consecutive tests.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) The pipeline displacement monitoring system and installation method based on satellite positioning and solar power supply have the advantages of accurate monitoring and timely early warning: the system can achieve centimeter-level positioning and displacement synchronization deviation, dual backup storage and dual-mode communication, risk displacement early warning response of less than 10 minutes, low false alarm rate, and effectively avoid pipeline safety accidents.

[0017] 2) The pipeline displacement monitoring system and installation method based on satellite positioning and solar power supply have the advantages of reliable power supply and unattended operation: the power supply utilizes intelligent power consumption management and MPPT technology, the power generation attenuation at high temperature is less than 10%, the battery can last for more than two and a half days without sunlight, and the annual maintenance cost is only 20% of that of manual inspection.

[0018] 3) This pipeline displacement monitoring system and installation method based on satellite positioning and solar power supply has standardized installation procedures and wide adaptability: standardized and quantitative installation process, brackets adapted to pipe diameters of DN50-DN200cm, buffer components designed to absorb 30% to 50% of vibration, applicable to long-distance heat transfer pipelines in petroleum, chemical and other fields, and has the advantages of high deployment consistency.

[0019] 4) This pipeline displacement monitoring system and installation method based on satellite positioning and solar power supply has significant advantages in safety and economy: it eliminates the need for close-range manual inspection, reduces the risk of operation in high-temperature and geological disaster areas, saves more than 60% of inspection costs, and avoids accident losses through timely early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the mounting bracket furniture of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positive and negative arc-shaped clamps of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the H-type pipe installation clamp of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe installation and tightening fixation of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe installation tripod connection of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware system configuration based on BeiDou according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a front view of the displacement monitoring terminal hardware of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the back of the displacement monitoring terminal hardware of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna cover housing of the displacement monitoring terminal of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement monitoring terminal base of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the solar energy system of the present invention supplying power to the displacement monitoring terminal; Figure 13 This is a flowchart of the installation method of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a flowchart of the solar power supply system deployment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a system debugging flowchart of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and conversion process of the monitoring system of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a measured graph of the solar power consumption of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the test results of the monitoring system of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 01. Solar panel; 02. Power supply control box; 03. Displacement monitoring terminal; 04. Vertical truss; 05. Positive arc bracket; 06. Negative arc bracket; 07. Anti-loosening nut; 08. Triangular connector; 09. H-type clamp; 10. Upper truss; 11. Special bolt; 12. Lower truss; 13. Heat transfer oil pipe; 0101. Satellite positioning board; 0102. Main controller; 0103. Storage chip; 0104. Communication chip; 0105. SIM card slot; 0106. Step-down chip; 0107. External... Partial button; 0108, LoRa module; 0109, antenna positioning hole; 0110, base positioning hole; 0111, power supply interface; 0112, connection hole; 0113, positioning port; 0501, positive arc upper bolt; 0502, positive arc lower bolt; 0601, reverse arc upper bolt; 0602, reverse arc lower bolt; 0701, tightening bolt; 0702, connecting nut; 0703, anti-loosening nut; 0801, triangular device fixing bolt; 0901, H-type clamp positioning hole; 0902, H-type clamping groove. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1, by Figures 1-12A pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power is provided, comprising at least two displacement monitoring terminals 03 adapted to the pipeline ambient temperature, a solar power system, a dedicated mounting bracket, and a monitored heat transfer oil pipeline 13. The displacement monitoring terminals 03 are bolted to the top of the dedicated mounting bracket and electrically connected to the solar power system for collecting and transmitting pipeline displacement data. Each displacement monitoring terminal 03 includes a satellite positioning board 0101, a main controller 0102, a storage chip 0103, a communication chip 0104, a step-down chip 0106, and a LoRa module 0108, with each module electrically connected via wires. The dedicated mounting bracket includes a vertical truss 04, a positive arc bracket 05, a negative arc bracket 06, a triangular connector 08, an upper truss 10, two sets of positioning clamps, and a lower truss 12. The positioning clamps include two parallel H-shaped clamps 09 and multiple dedicated bolts 11. The H-shaped clamps 09 are fixedly connected by special bolts 11; the upper truss 10 and the lower truss 12 are arranged in parallel, and both the upper truss 10 and the lower truss 12 are located inside the positioning clamps. The vertical truss 04, the upper truss 10 and the lower truss 12 are detachably connected by a triangular connector 08 and a triangular fixing bolt 0801. The vertical truss 04 and the lower truss 12 form an L-shaped support through the triangular connector 08. One end of the positive arc bracket 05 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the vertical truss 04 by a positive arc upper bolt 0501, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer side of the upper truss 10 by a positive arc lower bolt 0502. One end of the reverse arc bracket 06 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the vertical truss 04 by a reverse arc upper bolt 0601, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer side of the upper truss 10 by a reverse arc lower bolt 0602. The positive arc bracket 05 and the reverse arc bracket 06 are detachably connected by a lock nut 07.

[0024] The L-shaped support is made of 3060 aluminum profile, which has excellent corrosion resistance and good welding characteristics. It can maintain structural stability in high humidity or corrosive environments. This component is mainly used to fix and connect with the pipe base and serve as a support platform for the displacement monitoring terminal 03, providing a reliable installation foundation and stress support for the terminal. Meanwhile, the H-type clamp 09 is made of 304 stainless steel, which has good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Its structure can achieve a precise fit and connection with the outer wall of the heat conduction pipe, ensuring the overall stability and robustness of the system. The inner wall of the clamp is equipped with a pad, which can effectively reduce the impact of heat conduction from the pipe to the support structure, thereby improving the thermal stability and safety of the system. Both the positive arc bracket 05 and the negative arc bracket 06 are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. This alloy combines lightweight, high rigidity and excellent machinability. The arc bracket is used to reinforce the connection structure of the L-shaped support. Under stress or thermal deformation conditions, it can effectively disperse stress and offset local deflection, thereby improving the overall rigidity and deformation resistance of the bracket and enhancing the vibration reduction effect.

[0025] The H-type clamp 09 has an H-type clamp positioning hole 0901 and an H-type clamping groove 0902 on its outer side, which facilitates the installation of the special bolt 11.

[0026] In this embodiment, the electrical connection method of the internal modules of the displacement monitoring terminal 03 is as follows: the signal output terminal of the satellite positioning board 0101 is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main controller 0102 through wires; the control output terminal of the main controller 0102 is electrically connected to the control input terminals of the storage chip 0103, the communication chip 0104, the step-down chip 0106, and the LoRa module 0108 through wires; the main controller 0102 has a built-in temperature sensor, and the signal output terminal of the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main controller 0102; the displacement monitoring terminal 03 also has a SIM card slot 0105 and an external button 0107 installed inside; the displacement monitoring terminal 03 has an antenna positioning hole 0109, a base positioning hole 0110, a power supply interface 0111, a connection hole 0112, and a positioning port 0113 on the outside, which facilitates wiring operations.

[0027] The displacement monitoring terminal 03 features a protective shell made of die-cast aluminum alloy, coated with a ceramic heat-insulating coating of a certain thickness. The interior of the shell is filled with aluminum silicate fiber cotton, forming a double heat insulation layer consisting of the outer shell coating and the internal cotton layer. This ensures that the temperature of the core module inside the terminal remains below 60℃, and even if the outer wall temperature of the pipeline reaches 200℃, the shell temperature will only be 70℃ to 80℃. Among them, the environmentally adaptable displacement monitoring terminal 03 cannot calculate linear displacement at a single point. Only two or more points can be used to compare displacement trends and distinguish displacement types. Therefore, at least two displacement monitoring terminals 03 must be set up during installation. It has four core modules: satellite positioning board 0101, main controller 0102, dual communication module and data storage module. The dual communication module includes communication chip 0104 and LoRa module 0108. All modules meet the environmental temperature resistance requirements of the heat transfer oil pipeline and have the ability to distinguish displacement types. Furthermore, the high-precision satellite positioning board 0101 supports domestically developed BeiDou and GPS dual-mode positioning, has strong anti-interference capabilities, and operates in a temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃. With external terminal shell insulation, the internal temperature is less than 60℃, and the positioning accuracy reaches ±2cm statically and ±3cm dynamically. The module has a built-in compensation algorithm that can correct positioning deviations according to ambient temperature. High temperatures can cause slight changes in the satellite signal propagation speed, and the algorithm can calibrate the temperature parameters. It also supports an adjustable sampling rate from 1Hz to 10Hz. In areas prone to geological disasters, 10Hz is used to quickly capture sudden displacements, while 1Hz in stable areas can reduce power consumption. Meanwhile, the displacement calculation main controller 0102 is equipped with an industrial temperature-resistant microcontroller chip with an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 125℃ and a main frequency greater than 400MHz. It has the ability to process multiple parameters in parallel. Its core functions include: receiving satellite positioning data and data from the built-in temperature sensor, distinguishing whether the displacement is related to temperature changes, automatically eliminating normal thermal expansion and contraction data, and retaining only risk displacement data; controlling the start and stop sequence of each module, allowing the positioning and communication modules to sleep during non-collection periods to reduce power consumption; and triggering local audible and visual alarms and remote warnings when the risk displacement exceeds a preset threshold, such as 3cm / 24h, to prevent leakage from going undetected.

[0028] Among them, the long-distance anti-interference dual communication module supports 4G and LoRa dual-mode communication, which can switch according to the scenario. 4G is used in areas with operator signal and LoRa is used in areas without signal. The maximum transmission distance of LoRa is 10km, and the operating temperature is -40℃ to 85℃. The module adopts a 433MHz high-frequency band anti-interference design to avoid signal interference from other industrial equipment in the factory area. It supports timed transmission and abnormal transmission. Timed transmission, such as every 30 minutes, is used for regular data upload. Abnormal transmission is used when the risk displacement reaches the threshold of 80% for emergency early warning. The transmitted data includes "longitude, latitude, elevation, and equipment online status" to facilitate the monitoring center to comprehensively judge the risk.

[0029] During the system's operating cycle, the 0103 storage chip performs real-time local caching and complete backup of the raw displacement data of the heat conduction pipe. Through its high-temperature environmental adaptability design, it avoids the risk of data transmission failure caused by external interference factors such as wireless communication link interruption and severe weather conditions, ensuring the continuity and traceability of monitoring data. At the same time, it provides reliable raw data support for subsequent data verification, trend analysis, and system fault diagnosis, significantly improving the fault tolerance and operational stability of the monitoring system's data acquisition process.

[0030] In this embodiment, in response to the problem of solar energy equipment degradation caused by the high temperature of the ground surface around the heat transfer oil pipeline reaching 50°C to 60°C in summer, anti-attenuation components, intelligent control, and scientific deployment design are adopted. The system consists of solar panel 01, battery and power management control unit to ensure that the average daily power supply is greater than 80Wh and meet the requirement that the average daily power consumption of the displacement monitoring terminal is less than 50Wh. The solar power supply system includes a solar panel 01, a power supply control box 02, and a connecting base. The solar panel 01 and the power supply control box 02 are both fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting base. The power supply control box 02 is electrically connected to the displacement monitoring terminal 03.

[0031] Among them, the high-temperature degradation-resistant solar panel 01 uses N-type monocrystalline silicon cells, which reduce the high-temperature degradation rate by 50% compared to P-type cells. The power range is 50W to 80W, which can be selected according to the sunshine conditions: 50W for areas with annual sunshine greater than or equal to 2000h, and 80W for areas with less than 1500h. The surface of the solar panel is covered with a ceramic high-temperature resistant coating, which can reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency degradation caused by high temperature. The frame of the solar panel is made of aluminum alloy anodized treatment, which can withstand temperatures below 120℃ and has a high corrosion resistance. The bracket is made of Q235 hot-dip galvanized steel with a thickness of 5mm, which can withstand gale-force winds of level 8.

[0032] The high-temperature resistant energy storage battery uses a single-cell voltage of 12V and a capacity of 30Ah to 50Ah lithium iron phosphate square battery. The operating temperature is -20℃ to 70℃, which is 10℃ higher than that of conventional lithium iron phosphate batteries. When the battery temperature exceeds 70℃, power-off protection is triggered to avoid thermal runaway. The battery pack is encapsulated in a stainless steel protective box with a thickness of 5mm and a certain number of ventilation holes on the side to reduce the impact of high ambient temperature.

[0033] The power supply control box 02 uses an industrial high-temperature resistant single-chip microcomputer with an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃. It has three core functions: dynamic power consumption adjustment: adjusting the power supply according to the working status of the displacement monitoring terminal—the output current is less than 5mA during the sleep period and less than 50mA during the acquisition / transmission period, reducing the average daily power consumption by 55%; solar maximum power point tracking: tracking the maximum power point of the solar panel through the perturbation observation method, which can increase the power generation by 20% to 30% even in high temperature and cloudy weather; battery protection and balancing: monitoring the battery voltage, temperature, and remaining voltage in real time, cutting off power when the voltage is greater than 15V to avoid overcharging, cutting off power when the voltage is less than 9V to avoid over-discharging, and simultaneously balancing the charging of each cell in the battery pack to extend the battery life to 3 to 5 years.

[0034] Example 2, by Figures 13-15 An installation method for a pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power is presented, including the following steps: S1: L-type support assembly: The bidirectional connection port of the triangular connector 08 is fitted and connected to the ends of the vertical truss 04 and the lower truss 12 respectively to ensure that the parallelism deviation of each connection end face is less than 0.5mm / m and the verticality deviation is less than 5°. The connection is pre-tightened by the triangular connector fixing bolt 0801, and an adjustment margin is reserved, with an axial ±3mm and radial ±2° attitude adjustment redundancy to ensure that the subsequent assembly attitude can be corrected. S2: L-shaped support fixing: Place the converted L-shaped support on the base of the heat transfer oil pipe 13, ensuring that it is fully in contact with the base plane, stable at the bottom without shaking, and in a horizontal state, so as to provide basic support for the entire support system. S3: Upper Truss Pre-fixing: Triangular connector 08 is connected to the upper end of upper truss 10 through triangular fixing bolt 0801. The bolt is screwed in to a depth greater than 1.5 times the thread diameter. During connection, triangular connector 08 and triangular fixing bolt 0801 of the vertical aluminum profile truss of L-shaped support are kept in a loose state to ensure that the horizontal support can be finely adjusted in attitude within the range of ±5mm in the horizontal direction and ±3° in the rotation direction, reserving adjustment space for subsequent positioning and correction. S4: H-type clamp installation: H-type clamps 09 are installed at both ends of the upper truss 10 and the lower truss 12 respectively. They are initially clamped by special bolts 11. After checking the levelness with a laser level, all connecting node bolts are tightened in diagonal order to ensure that there is no relative slippage between the connecting parts after locking and that the bracket is stable as a whole. If the gap is too large, loosen the bolts and readjust. If necessary, add a 1mm thick mica gasket and ensure that the first natural frequency of the overall structure is greater than 15Hz. S5: Arc-shaped support fastening: The positive arc-shaped support 05, the negative arc-shaped support 06 and the L-shaped support are pre-connected by the anti-loosening nut 07. After adjusting the positive arc-shaped support 05 to fit against the outer wall of the pipe, tighten the anti-loosening nut 07 symmetrically in steps. After tightening, sonic flaw detection is performed to check for any loose connections. The stiffness is tested by loading 1.2 times the design load.

[0035] In this embodiment, when fixing the displacement monitoring terminal 03, a 2mm thick mica heat insulation washer is pasted on the top of the buffer component, and the mounting hole at the bottom of the displacement monitoring terminal 03 shell is aligned with the washer; the terminal is fixed with nuts, with a screw torque of 5N·m to 8N·m to avoid overtightening and damaging the terminal shell; after installation, the terminal is checked with a level to ensure that the terminal is parallel to the pipeline axis with a deviation of less than 2°. If the deviation exceeds the standard, the screws are loosened and the position of the buffer component is adjusted. The terminal attitude can also be adjusted with a digital tilt meter to ensure that the elevation angle of its signal receiving surface is 30° to 60° and the azimuth angle is unobstructed. After the signal strength test confirms that the standard is met, the attitude adjustment mechanism is locked.

[0036] In this embodiment, the deployment steps of the solar power supply system are as follows: S01: Fixing the solar panel 01: Select an unobstructed area within 1.5m next to the displacement monitoring terminal 03, pour a concrete base with a burial depth of 600mm, connect the base to the concrete base with bolts, and fix the solar panel 01 to the connecting base with bolts. The solar panel 01 faces due south with an inclination angle of 35-45°. S02: Battery installation: The battery is enclosed in a stainless steel protective box, which is buried 1m underground and 50cm above the ground. The power supply control box 02 is bolted to the connecting base, and the distance between the power supply control box 02 and the battery is <5m. A conduit is laid between the two, and both ends of the conduit are sealed. S03: Cable connection: Connect the cables using insulated cables according to the following path: "Solar panel 01 positive terminal → Power supply control box 02 photovoltaic input positive terminal, Solar panel 01 negative terminal → Power supply control box 02 photovoltaic input negative terminal, Battery positive terminal → Power supply control box 02 battery input positive terminal, Battery negative terminal → Power supply control box 02 battery input negative terminal, Power supply control box 02 output positive terminal → Displacement monitoring terminal 03 power positive terminal, Power supply control box 02 output negative terminal → Displacement monitoring terminal 03 power negative terminal". After the cables are inserted into the PE conduit, wrap both ends with waterproof tape.

[0037] In this embodiment, the system debugging steps are as follows: S11: Power supply verification: Turn on the main switch 02 of the power supply control box, observe the indicator lights, and use a multimeter to measure the voltage of each electrical connection interface. Photovoltaic input is 12-20V, fully charged battery is 12-14.4V, and output is 12±0.3V. Monitor the power generation and power consumption for 24 hours continuously. On sunny days, the power generation is >150Wh and the power consumption is <80Wh. S12: Communication and Positioning Verification: Satellite positioning board 0101 collects 15-25 sets of coordinate data, connects electrically with main controller 0102 to transmit data, and calculates initial reference coordinates; remote monitoring center sends instructions to communicate with displacement monitoring terminal 03 through communication chip 0104 or LoRa module 0108, and performs 10 consecutive tests.

[0038] Example 3, in conjunction with Examples 1 and 2, aims to more clearly illustrate the application effect of the present invention in actual long transportation pipelines. The following detailed description uses a monitoring case of a solar thermal power plant's energy storage heat transfer oil pipeline as an example: A long-distance heat transfer oil pipeline belonging to a certain CGN (China General Nuclear Power Corporation) transports synthetic heat transfer oil at an operating temperature of 240℃. The pipeline has a diameter of DN100cm, is made of 316L stainless steel, and is 20km long. It is built on a hillside and is at risk of landslides. Previously, manual inspections were used. A small landslide caused the pipeline joints to shift, resulting in a partial suspension of power generation and causing some economic losses.

[0039] The specific installation and debugging process of the entire system is as follows: The planning and pre-treatment of 13 monitoring points for the heat transfer oil pipeline are as follows. The core of the pre-treatment is to avoid risk areas, remove impurities from the pipeline, and lay a high-temperature insulation layer to lay the foundation for subsequent base fixing. Then, along the pipeline route, one section is set every 0.5km to 1km in high-risk areas, one section is set every 1km to 2km in medium-risk areas, and one section is set every 2km to 5km in low-risk areas. Two monitoring points are set in each section, with a distance of 30m to 100m between the two points, and the line connecting the two points is parallel to the pipeline axis. The center of the point is marked on the outer wall of the pipeline with a high-temperature resistant marker to facilitate subsequent alignment and installation. Then, a high-temperature resistant steel wire brush is used to remove oil stains and heat transfer oil residue from the outer wall of the point. The outer wall is wiped with anhydrous ethanol to remove dust and grease. After the ethanol has completely evaporated, the next step is carried out. Install the dedicated high-temperature resistant mounting bracket for the fixed heat transfer oil pipeline 13 and install the displacement monitoring terminal 03. This step requires ensuring that the base is tightly fitted to the pipeline and that the displacement monitoring terminal 03 is parallel to the pipeline axis. The specific installation sequence is as follows: Place the L-shaped support at a suitable position on the pipe base, ensuring it is fully flush with the base plane, stable without wobbling, and level, meeting design requirements, to provide basic support for the entire support system. Use triangular fixing bolts 0801 to connect and fix the triangular connector 08 to the upper end of the upper truss 10. During connection, keep the triangular fixing bolts 0801 between the triangular connector 08 and the L-shaped support loose to allow for subsequent fine-tuning of the support position. Then, install the upper truss 10 in the position corresponding to the pipe base and L-shaped support. Place H-shaped clamps 09 at both ends of the support, tightening them with special bolts 11 to complete the initial positioning and structural stability of the transverse support. After confirming that the position and level of the upper truss 10 meet the requirements, tighten its connection to the pipe base and the right side of the L-shaped support, ensuring that there is no misalignment between the connected parts after tightening. The sliding and support structure is stable with no relative sliding. The positive arc support 05 and the negative arc support 06 are installed on the fixed L-shaped support. The positive arc support 05 must precisely fit the outer arc surface of the pipe to ensure the fit between the support and the pipe structure and the uniformity of force distribution. Then, the positive arc support 05 and the negative arc support 06 are tightened together using tightening bolts 0701 and connecting nuts 0702. After tightening, check the firmness of each connection to ensure that the overall rigidity and structural reliability of the installed support meet the requirements. Finally, the displacement monitoring terminal is fixed: the displacement monitoring terminal 03 is connected to the L-shaped support with bolts, positioned using reamed hole bolts, and tightened with appropriate torque. The terminal attitude is adjusted using a digital tilt meter to ensure that the elevation angle of its signal receiving surface is 30° to 60° and that there is no obstruction in the azimuth angle. After confirming that the signal strength meets the standard through a signal strength test, the attitude adjustment mechanism is locked.

[0040] Deploying an anti-attenuation solar power system requires avoiding high-temperature exposure to ensure efficient power generation of the solar panels and stable energy storage of the batteries. Specific procedures are as follows: Select an unobstructed, well-lit area within 1.5m of the displacement monitoring terminal 03, ensuring at least 4 hours of effective sunlight daily, with no trees or buildings obstructing the light, and no shade at noon on the winter solstice; the ground should be hard soil or rock, using C30 concrete as the base, buried 600mm deep. After the concrete has been fixed for 3 days, the connection base should be secured; the height of the connection base should be set at 1.8mm to avoid obstruction by weeds and reduce the impact of high-temperature radiation from the ground surface; the bracket should be at a 90° angle to the ground to ensure vertical stability; then fix the solar panel 01 to the connection base using stainless steel bolts, with the panel facing due south; based on the current latitude... The angle is set to 35° to 45° to ensure the solar panel receives the maximum solar irradiance on the winter solstice. After installation, the solar irradiance intensity on the surface of the solar panel is measured with a lux meter to ensure that the irradiance intensity on a sunny day is greater than 800W / m². If the intensity is insufficient, the tilt angle is adjusted or a better installation position is selected. The encapsulated battery protection box is buried 1m underground, where the underground temperature is 8°C-12°C lower than the surface temperature, significantly reducing the impact of high temperature on the battery. The top of the power supply control box 02 is 50cm above the ground, and the power management unit is installed inside the power supply control box 02 of the solar panel 01. The distance between the power management control unit and the battery is less than 5m. A Φ20mm PE conduit is laid between the power supply control box 02 and the battery to run the power supply cable, and both ends of the conduit are sealed with waterproof sealant. Insulated cables are used to connect the various components. The positive terminal of the solar panel 01 is connected to the positive photovoltaic input terminal of the power management control unit, and the negative terminal of the solar panel is connected to the negative photovoltaic input terminal of the power management control unit. The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the positive battery input terminal of the power management control unit, and the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the negative battery input terminal of the power management control unit. The positive output terminal of the power management control unit is connected to the positive power terminal of the displacement monitoring terminal 03, and the negative output terminal of the power management control unit is connected to the negative power terminal of the displacement monitoring terminal 03. After the cables are inserted into PE conduits, waterproof tape is wrapped around both ends of the conduits to prevent rainwater from entering. The cable joints are connected using crimp terminals and then wrapped with high-temperature heat shrink tubing. After the heat shrink tubing shrinks, waterproof sealant is applied to ensure that the joints are waterproof and resistant to high-temperature aging.

[0041] System parameter configuration and function debugging: The core of debugging is configuring displacement differentiation algorithm parameters, verifying power supply and communication stability, and determining initial reference coordinates. Specific operations: Turn on the main switch of the power management control unit and observe the indicator lights of the power management control unit: a solid green light indicates normal power supply, and a flashing red light indicates a fault; use a multimeter to measure the voltage of each interface: photovoltaic input voltage 12V-20V, battery input voltage 12V to 14.4V when fully charged, output voltage 12V±0.3V; continuously monitor for 24 hours and record the power generation and power consumption of the power management control unit: on sunny days, power generation should be greater than 150Wh and power consumption less than 80Wh. If the power generation is insufficient, check the tilt angle of the solar panels or whether there is any obstruction.

[0042] The high-precision satellite positioning module is triggered for initial positioning. The module continuously collects 15 to 25 sets of coordinate data, each set including longitude, latitude, and elevation, with an accuracy of 6 decimal places. Outliers are eliminated through an algorithm, and the average value of the remaining data is calculated as the initial reference coordinates for the displacement monitoring terminal. At the same time, the pipe outer wall temperature at the initial moment is recorded. The wireless communication module is tested. The remote monitoring center sends a "data request command," and the terminal immediately transmits displacement and temperature data after receiving it. This is tested 10 times to ensure that the data transmission success rate is greater than 95% and the transmission delay is less than 8 seconds. If the success rate is low, the antenna direction of the communication module is adjusted.

[0043] For further details, please refer to the following: Figure 17 and Figure 18 The system shown operates stably and achieves the following beneficial effects: 1. Data accuracy: Successfully distinguishes between thermal expansion and contraction and geological displacement - during the constant temperature stage, the terminal determines the displacement as thermal expansion and contraction and does not trigger an early warning; after a rainstorm, the displacement of two points in a certain area reached 42mm, the terminal determined it to be geological displacement, and immediately triggered a remote early warning and a local audible and visual alarm. 2. Power supply stability: Even when the temperature of the outer wall of the pipeline reaches 190℃ in summer, the internal temperature of the terminal is still less than 58℃. All modules are free from aging and failure. The power supply system generates an average of 162Wh of electricity per day, consumes 78Wh of electricity, and has a power surplus of 84Wh. It can work normally for 3 consecutive days without sunlight. 3. Economic benefits: Replacing manual inspections saves annual inspection costs and avoids potential leakage accidents, resulting in significant overall benefits.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power, characterized in that: It includes at least two displacement monitoring terminals (03) adapted to the pipeline ambient temperature, a solar power supply system, a dedicated mounting bracket, and the monitored heat transfer oil pipeline (13). The displacement monitoring terminal (03) is fixedly connected to the top of the special mounting bracket by bolts and is electrically connected to the solar power supply system for collecting and transmitting pipeline displacement data. The displacement monitoring terminal (03) includes a satellite positioning board (0101), a main controller (0102), a storage chip (0103), a communication chip (0104), a step-down chip (0106), and a LoRa module (0108), and the modules are electrically connected to each other through wires; The special mounting bracket includes a vertical truss (04), a positive arc bracket (05), a negative arc bracket (06), a triangular connector (08), an upper truss (10), two sets of positioning clamps, and a lower truss (12). The positioning fixture includes two parallel H-shaped fixtures (9) and multiple special bolts (11), and the two H-shaped fixtures (9) are fixedly connected by the special bolts (11); The upper truss (10) and the lower truss (12) are arranged in parallel, and both the upper truss (10) and the lower truss (12) are located inside the positioning fixture. The vertical truss (04), the upper truss (10) and the lower truss (12) are detachably connected by a triangular connector (08). The vertical truss (04) and the lower truss (12) form an L-shaped support through the triangular connector (08). The positive arc bracket (05) and the negative arc bracket (06) are both fixedly connected at one end to the outside of the vertical truss (04) and at the other end to the outside of the upper truss (10). The positive arc bracket (05) and the negative arc bracket (06) are detachably connected by a lock nut (07).

2. The pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar power supply system includes a solar panel (01), a power supply control box (02), and a connecting base. The solar panel (01) and the power supply control box (02) are both fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting base. The power supply control box (02) is electrically connected to the displacement monitoring terminal (03).

3. A pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The electrical connection method of the internal modules of the displacement monitoring terminal (03) is as follows: the signal output terminal of the satellite positioning board (0101) is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main controller (0102) through wires, and the control output terminal of the main controller (0102) is electrically connected to the control input terminals of the storage chip (0103), communication chip (0104), step-down chip (0106), and LoRa module (0108) through wires.

4. The pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main controller (0102) has a built-in temperature sensor, and the signal output terminal of the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the main controller (0102). The displacement monitoring terminal (03) also has a SIM card slot (0105) and an external button (0107) installed inside.

5. A pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-loosening nut (07) includes a tightening bolt (0701), a connecting nut (0702), and an anti-loosening nut (0703). The tightening bolt (0701) passes through the positive arc bracket (05) and the negative arc bracket (06) and is locked in both directions by the connecting nut (0702) and the anti-loosening nut (0703).

6. The installation method of a pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: L-shaped support assembly: The bidirectional connection port of the triangular connector (08) is fitted and connected to the ends of the vertical truss (04) and the lower truss (12) respectively, and is pre-tightened by the triangular connector fixing bolt (0801) with a reserved adjustment margin; S2: L-shaped support fixing: Place the L-shaped support after conversion on the base of the heat transfer oil pipe (13) to ensure that it is fully in contact with the base plane, the bottom is stable without shaking, and it is in a horizontal state; S3: Upper Truss Pre-fixing: The triangular connector (08) is connected to the upper end of the upper truss (10) through the triangular fixing bolt (0801), and when connected, the triangular connector (08) and the L-shaped support continue to be in a relaxed state; S4: H-type clamp installation: H-type clamps (09) are installed at both ends of the upper truss (10) and the lower truss (12), and are initially clamped by special bolts (11). After the levelness is checked by a laser level, all connecting node bolts are tightened in diagonal order to ensure that the first natural frequency of the overall structure is greater than 15Hz. S5: Arc-shaped bracket fastening: The positive arc-shaped bracket (05), the negative arc-shaped bracket (06) and the L-shaped support are pre-connected by anti-loosening nuts (07). After adjusting the positive arc-shaped bracket (05) to fit against the outer wall of the pipe, the anti-loosening nuts (07) are tightened symmetrically in steps. After tightening, the sonic flaw detection shows no loose connection. The stiffness is tested by loading 1.2 times the design load.

7. The installation method of a pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deployment steps for the solar power supply system are as follows: S01: Fixing the solar panel (01): Select an unobstructed area within 1.5m next to the displacement monitoring terminal (03), pour a concrete base with a burial depth of 600mm, and bolt the connecting base to the concrete base. The solar panel (01) is fixedly connected to the connecting base by bolts. The solar panel (01) faces due south with an inclination angle of 35-45°. S02: Battery installation: The battery is encapsulated in a stainless steel protective box, which is buried 1m underground and 50cm above the ground. The power supply control box (02) is bolted to the connecting base, and the distance between the power supply control box (02) and the battery is <5m. A conduit is laid between the two, and both ends of the conduit are sealed. S03: Cable connection: Connect the cables using insulated cables according to the path of "solar panel (01) positive terminal → power supply control box (02) photovoltaic input positive terminal, solar panel (01) negative terminal → power supply control box (02) photovoltaic input negative terminal, storage battery positive terminal → power supply control box (02) battery input positive terminal, storage battery negative terminal → power supply control box (02) battery input negative terminal, power supply control box (02) output positive terminal → displacement monitoring terminal (03) power positive terminal, power supply control box (02) output negative terminal → displacement monitoring terminal (03) power negative terminal". After the cables are inserted into the PE conduit, wrap both ends with waterproof tape.

8. The installation method of a pipeline displacement monitoring system based on satellite positioning and solar power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that: The system debugging steps are as follows: S11: Power supply verification: Turn on the main switch of the power supply control box (02), observe the indicator lights, and use a multimeter to measure the voltage of each electrical connection interface. Photovoltaic input is 12-20V, battery fully charged is 12-14.4V, and output is 12±0.3V. Monitor the power generation and power consumption for 24 hours. On sunny days, the power generation is >150Wh and the power consumption is <80Wh. S12: Communication and Positioning Verification: The satellite positioning board (0101) collects 15-25 sets of coordinate data, connects to the main controller (0102) to transmit data, and calculates the initial reference coordinates; the remote monitoring center sends instructions to communicate with the displacement monitoring terminal (03) through the communication chip (0104) or LoRa module (0108) and performs 10 consecutive tests.

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