Machining equipment and machining method for small-diameter inclined deep hole

Abstract

The invention relates to small-diameter inclined deep hole machining equipment and method. The small-diameter inclined deep hole machining equipment comprises a horizontal turning and milling combined machining center, and a clamping mechanism and a drilling mechanism are installed on the horizontal turning and milling combined machining center; the clamping mechanism is used for clamping a part in a two-jacking and one-clamping manner; and the drilling mechanism is used for drilling parts in an angle-adjustable linear feeding mode. The clamping mechanism and the drilling mechanism are integrated through the horizontal turning and milling combined machining center, the clamping mechanism adopts a two-jacking and one-clamping mode, the drilling mechanism adopts an angle-adjustable linear feeding design, and the technical problems of unstable clamping, difficulty in angle positioning and low feeding precision in small-diameter inclined deep hole machining are cooperatively solved. The whole structure integration degree is high, the equipment investment cost is reduced, meanwhile, the machining process is simplified, the production period is shortened, and the device is particularly suitable for batch machining of multiple sets of inclined deep holes with multiple inclined angles of cylinder parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a machining equipment and method for machining small-diameter inclined deep holes. Background Technology

[0002] Cylindrical parts are key components processed in industries such as shipbuilding and energy. These parts typically require numerous inclined deep holes (e.g., for the transmission of fuel, lubricating oil, and cooling media) to be machined on their outer circumference. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this type of deep hole is characterized by small diameter, large inclination angle, and large length-to-diameter ratio, and belongs to a typical difficult-to-machine structure.

[0003] Currently, the machining of small-diameter inclined deep holes for cylindrical parts in China is mainly carried out on boring machines with rotary tables. The parts are rotated at a certain angle to perform inclined deep hole drilling. This machining method is inefficient and the machining accuracy is difficult to guarantee. The drill bit is prone to slippage, which leads to deviations in hole position, straightness, and hole diameter.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a processing equipment and method that can balance processing efficiency and precision stability in order to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and poor precision in existing processing methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a processing device and method for small-diameter inclined deep holes.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A machining device for small-diameter inclined deep holes includes a horizontal turning and milling machining center, on which a clamping mechanism and a drilling mechanism are installed; the clamping mechanism clamps the part by means of two tops and one clamp; the drilling mechanism performs drilling on the part by means of adjustable angle linear feed.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention integrates a clamping mechanism and a drilling mechanism in a horizontal milling and turning machining center. The clamping mechanism uses a two-top, one-clamp design, while the drilling mechanism employs an adjustable-angle linear feed design. This collaboratively solves the technical problems of unstable clamping, difficult angle positioning, and low feed accuracy in machining small-diameter inclined deep holes. The overall structure has a high degree of integration, reducing equipment investment costs while simplifying the machining process and shortening the production cycle. It is particularly suitable for batch machining of multiple sets of inclined deep holes in cylindrical parts.

[0008] Furthermore, the horizontal milling and turning machining center includes a bed with longitudinal guide rails. A milling and turning headstock, a slide, and a tailstock are fixedly mounted on the bed. The tailstock is mounted on the longitudinal guide rails, and the milling and turning headstock is located at the end of the longitudinal guide rails and opposite to the tailstock. A movable slide is mounted on the slide, and a column is mounted on the slide via a rotary mechanism. A milling headstock and a horizontal turret tool post are fixedly mounted on the column, and a drilling mechanism is mounted on the milling headstock. Through the arrangement of the longitudinal guide rails and the rotary connection between the slide and the column, the drilling mechanism can be flexibly adjusted in three-dimensional space, precisely adapting to the machining requirements in the length direction of the part, and achieving precise radial positioning for deep hole machining through transverse feed.

[0009] Furthermore, the tailstock includes a detachably connected lower tailstock body and an upper tailstock body. The lower tailstock body is mounted on a longitudinal guide rail via a sliding guide plate. A sleeve is slidably mounted on the front end of the upper tailstock body, and a motor and a reducer are fixed to the rear end of the upper tailstock body. The motor and reducer are connected to a nut at the rear end of the sleeve via a lead screw. By driving the lead screw through the motor and reducer, the sleeve can be moved, achieving precise adjustment of the workpiece clamping and center clamping forces.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotary mechanism includes a rotary motor, a rotary bearing, a drive gear disk, and a rotary gear disc. The fixed end of the rotary bearing is fixedly connected to the slide, and the rotating end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the column. A rotary gear disc is fixedly mounted on the rotating end of the rotary bearing, and the rotary gear disc meshes with the drive gear disc. The drive gear disc is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the rotary motor, and the rotary motor is fixedly mounted on the slide. The rotary mechanism enables smooth rotation and precise positioning of the drilling mechanism, ensuring the accuracy of the tilt angle adjustment.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes a faceplate, a milling headstock center, and a tailstock center. The faceplate and the milling headstock center are fixedly installed on the spindle of the milling headstock, with the milling headstock center located at the center of the faceplate. The tailstock center is fixedly installed on the spindle inside the tailstock sleeve, and the tailstock center is coaxially corresponding to the milling headstock center.

[0012] Furthermore, the faceplate has a boss and an inner hole at its center for connection with the spindle of the milling / turning headstock. Multiple clamping jaws or blocks are evenly distributed circumferentially on the faceplate, and these jaws or blocks are adjustable via a T-screw. This design allows for the adaptation of cylindrical parts of different diameters, and the evenly distributed circumferential jaws ensure balanced clamping force, preventing deformation of the parts during clamping.

[0013] Furthermore, the drilling mechanism includes a drilling electric spindle and a linear feed assembly. The drilling electric spindle is mounted on the moving end of the linear feed assembly, and a drilling tool that can be quickly loaded and unloaded is mounted on the drilling electric spindle. The drilling mechanism works in conjunction with the linear feed assembly to achieve precise control of the feed speed and position, ensuring the consistency of the deep hole depth.

[0014] Furthermore, the linear feed assembly consists of a servo driver, a servo valve, and a servo cylinder. It features a compact structure, smooth feed, and high rigidity, effectively suppressing chatter during machining with small-diameter tools.

[0015] A method for machining a small-diameter inclined deep hole, using the aforementioned machining equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes, is characterized by the following steps: S1. The milling and turning machining center is equipped with a clamping mechanism and a drilling mechanism, and the workpiece is clamped by a two-top-one-clamping method. The two ends of the workpiece are clamped by the top center, and the end of the workpiece is clamped by the faceplate. S2. Use a dial indicator to check the positive and side generatrices of the outer circle of the part, and adjust the jaws of the faceplate to align and lock the part. S3. According to the preset tilt angle of the deep hole of the part, start the rotary motor of the rotary mechanism. The rotary motor drives the drive gear to rotate. By meshing with the rotary gear, the rotary gear, together with the column and the drilling mechanism, is driven to rotate until the main shaft axis of the drilling mechanism is consistent with the tilt angle of the deep hole. S4. Based on the material and parameter tests of the parts, select appropriate cutting tools and set cutting parameters. The drilling mechanism performs drilling through a single linear feed axis according to the set parameters. S5. After drilling a set of inclined holes with the same or different angles, the part is rotated by indexing through the faceplate to process the next set of inclined holes with the same or different angles.

[0016] By designing a process of clamping and alignment, angle positioning, precision drilling, and continuous indexing machining, standardized machining of small-diameter inclined deep holes is achieved. The operation is simple, does not rely on the experience and judgment of skilled technicians, and reduces the impact of human error on machining quality.

[0017] Furthermore, the cutting parameter tests of the parts were conducted on a separate external horizontal machining center test machine. Twist drills, gun drills, and solid carbide drills were used as test tools, and all test tools were equipped with small-diameter extension rods or extended anti-vibration tool holders at the front end. The test fixture consisted of two V-blocks symmetrically arranged on the machine tool worktable. The outer diameter of the part to be tested was placed on the V-blocks, and the part was evenly tightened after alignment. During the test, for deep holes of different diameters, a pilot hole with a depth of 1.5 times the hole diameter was first drilled using a carbide drill bit before the formal drilling test was conducted. During the test, the diameter, rotation speed, cutting speed, drilling time, surface roughness, and drill wear of different types of drill bits were recorded. Conducting cutting parameter tests separately avoids occupying the main machining equipment during the testing process; using small-diameter extension rods or extended anti-vibration tool holders during the tests avoids the risk of interference between the spindle and the tool holder, while improving tool rigidity. Combined with symmetrical clamping and precise alignment of V-blocks, the authenticity and reliability of the test data are ensured; the application of pilot holes provides precise guidance for formal drilling, effectively solving the problems of drill bit wobble and poor straightness in small-diameter deep hole machining, ensuring the accuracy of deep hole machining; by recording multi-dimensional test data, the optimal parameter combination selected can maximize the performance of the equipment and tools. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the part's structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling process according to an embodiment of the present invention; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Bed, 2. Milling and turning headstock, 3. Longitudinal guide rail, 4. Tailstock, 5. Slide, 6. Rotary mechanism, 7. Column, 8. Milling headstock, 9. Horizontal turret tool post, 10. Face plate, 11. Tailstock center, 12. Drilling mechanism, 13. Parts, 14. Drilling tools, 15. Milling and turning headstock center. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this technology based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the description of this application, spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "below," "below," "above," "over," etc., are used herein to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figures and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figures, spatial relation terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, an element or feature described as "below" or "under" or "below" of other elements or features will be oriented "above" other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms "below" and "under" can include both upper and lower orientations. Furthermore, the device may also include other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptive terms used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0023] In the description of this application, the term "for example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described as "for example" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Details are set forth in the following description for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be made without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes will not be described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the invention with unnecessary detail. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0024] Example 1 like Figures 2 to 3As shown, this embodiment is for Figure 1 The illustrated part provides a machining equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes, including a horizontal turning-milling machining center. The horizontal turning-milling machining center is equipped with a clamping mechanism and a drilling mechanism. The clamping mechanism clamps the part using a two-pronged clamping method. The drilling mechanism performs drilling on the part using an adjustable-angle linear feed method. The purpose of this embodiment is to: integrate the clamping mechanism and the drilling mechanism by using a horizontal turning-milling machining center. The clamping mechanism uses a two-pronged clamping method, and the drilling mechanism uses an adjustable-angle linear feed design, thus collaboratively solving the technical problems of unstable clamping, difficult angle positioning, and low feed accuracy in the machining of small-diameter inclined deep holes. Specifically: The horizontal milling and turning machining center includes a bed 1, on which a milling and turning headstock 2, a longitudinal guide rail 3, and a slide 5 are fixedly mounted. A tailstock 4 is slidably mounted on the longitudinal guide rail 3. The milling and turning headstock 2 is located at the end of the longitudinal guide rail 3 and is opposite to the tailstock 4. A slide plate is slidably mounted on the slide 5. A column 7 is mounted on the slide plate via a rotary mechanism 6. A milling headstock 8 and a horizontal turret tool post 9 are fixedly mounted on the column 7. A drilling mechanism 12 is mounted on the milling headstock 8. Through the arrangement of the longitudinal guide rails and the rotary connection between the slide plate and the column, the drilling mechanism can be flexibly adjusted in three-dimensional space. This allows for precise adaptation to the machining requirements in the length direction of the part and enables precise radial positioning for deep hole machining through transverse feed, further improving machining accuracy. The column integrates the milling headstock, the horizontal turret tool post, and the drilling mechanism, enabling continuous multi-process machining, reducing process changeover time, and improving machining efficiency.

[0025] The tailstock 4 includes a detachably connected lower tailstock body and an upper tailstock body. The lower tailstock body is mounted on the longitudinal guide rail 3 via a sliding guide plate. A sleeve is slidably installed at the front end of the upper tailstock body, and a motor and a reducer are fixed at the rear end of the upper tailstock body. The motor and reducer are connected to the nut at the rear end of the sleeve via a lead screw. The tailstock adopts a split design, which facilitates disassembly, maintenance, or replacement of adaptable parts according to machine tool specifications, and has strong versatility. The motor drives the reducer and lead screw to move the sleeve, realizing precise adjustment of the clamping force of the part and the center clamping force. This avoids deformation of the part due to excessive clamping force or vibration during processing due to insufficient clamping force, ensuring clamping stability and adapting to cylindrical parts of different materials and lengths.

[0026] The rotary mechanism 6 includes a rotary motor, a rotary bearing, a drive gear disk, and a rotary gear disc. The fixed end of the rotary bearing is fixedly connected to the slide, and the rotating end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the column 7. A rotary gear disc is fixedly mounted on the rotating end of the rotary bearing, and the rotary gear disc meshes with the drive gear disc. The drive gear disc is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the rotary motor, and the rotary motor is fixedly mounted on the slide. The rotary mechanism enables smooth rotation and precise positioning of the drilling mechanism, ensuring the accuracy of tilt angle adjustment. It can flexibly adapt to deep hole machining with different tilt angles. After rotation, the drilling mechanism can achieve linear feed at large tilt angles. At the same time, the transmission structure is simple and reliable with a low failure rate. Furthermore, the rigid transmission through gear meshing during rotation improves the angle switching efficiency, adapting to the continuous machining of multiple sets of deep holes with different angles.

[0027] The clamping mechanism includes a faceplate 10, a milling / turning headstock center 15, and a tailstock center 11. The faceplate 10 and the milling / turning headstock center 15 are fixedly mounted on the spindle of the milling / turning headstock 2, with the milling / turning headstock center 15 located at the center of the faceplate 10. The tailstock center 11 is fixedly mounted on the spindle inside the tailstock sleeve 4, and the tailstock center 11 is coaxially aligned with the milling / turning headstock center 15. The coaxial alignment of the milling / turning headstock center 15 and the tailstock center 11, along with the two centers and one clamp, provides both rigidity and centering accuracy, reducing the positioning difficulty at the start of machining and improving machining efficiency and accuracy.

[0028] The faceplate 10 has a boss and an inner hole at its center for connection with the spindle of the milling / turning headstock 2. Multiple clamping jaws or blocks are evenly distributed circumferentially on the faceplate 10, and these jaws or blocks are adjustable via a T-screw. This design allows for the adaptation of cylindrical parts of different diameters, and the evenly distributed circumferential jaws ensure balanced clamping force, preventing part deformation during clamping. Simultaneously, the design of the boss and inner hole ensures the rigidity of the connection between the faceplate and the spindle of the milling / turning headstock, further enhancing clamping stability.

[0029] The drilling mechanism 12 includes a drilling electric spindle and a linear feed assembly. The drilling electric spindle is mounted on the moving end of the linear feed assembly, and a drilling tool 14 that can be quickly loaded and unloaded is mounted on the drilling electric spindle. The drilling mechanism works in conjunction with the linear feed assembly to achieve precise control of feed speed and position, ensuring the consistency of deep hole depth dimensions. At the same time, the linear feed method ensures the smoothness of the drilling process, effectively suppressing the vibration and runout of small-diameter tools, solving the problems of poor straightness and excessive surface roughness in deep holes in traditional machining, and meeting the requirements of high-precision part machining. The detachable design of the drilling tool makes it easy to replace twist drills, gun drills, or solid carbide drills according to the hole diameter requirements, adapting to different machining scenarios.

[0030] The linear feed assembly consists of a servo driver, a servo valve, and a servo cylinder. The output shaft of the servo cylinder is connected to the drilling spindle. The servo driver and servo valve are connected via a circuit. After receiving position, speed, and other feed commands from the horizontal milling and turning machining center control system, the servo driver converts them into precise electrical signals (such as current signals) adapted to the servo valve, thereby transmitting action commands to the servo valve. The servo valve and servo cylinder are connected via a hydraulic circuit. The servo valve controls the path and flow rate of hydraulic oil into and out of the servo cylinder, realizing the extension and retraction of the servo cylinder piston rod, and thus achieving linear feed of the drilling mechanism. The linear feed assembly has a compact structure, stable feed, and high rigidity, effectively suppressing chatter during small-diameter tool machining and extending tool life.

[0031] It should be noted that, in addition to the specific structures of the rotary mechanism and drilling mechanism provided in this embodiment, other adjustable angle-linear feed structures can also be adopted, such as direct drive motor rotary positioning-servo motor driven feed, etc.

[0032] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example provides a method for machining a small-diameter inclined deep hole, including the following steps: S0. Preparation before processing S01. Start the horizontal milling and turning machining center, check the cleanliness and lubrication of the bed 1, longitudinal guide rail 3, and slide 5, and ensure that the slide and column 7 move smoothly without jamming; select the required tools according to the machining needs, and install them on the electric spindle of the drilling mechanism 12, ensuring that the tools are firmly clamped.

[0033] S02. Clean the outer surface of cylindrical parts 13 to remove burrs, oil stains and other impurities. Confirm the inclination angle, diameter and depth parameters of the deep hole according to the part drawing. At the same time, check the condition of the jaws of the faceplate 10, the center 15 of the milling spindle box and the tailstock center 11 of the clamping mechanism to ensure that the jaws are flexible and the center surfaces are free from wear.

[0034] S1, Part clamping Push the tailstock 4 to move along the longitudinal guide rail 3. Adjust the distance between the tailstock 4 and the milling spindle box 2 according to the length of the part 13. Place one end of the part 13 on the top 15 of the milling spindle box. Then start the motor and reducer at the rear end of the tailstock 4 to drive the sleeve to move axially. Make the tailstock top 11 press against the center of the other end of the part 13. The end of the part 13 is initially clamped by the circumferentially evenly distributed adjustable jaws. The two tops and one clamp are used to achieve clamping, ensuring that the part 13 does not move axially.

[0035] S2. Part alignment A dial indicator is used to check the positive and side generatrices of the outer circle of part 13. Alignment is achieved by adjusting the tightness of the jaws of the faceplate 10. After alignment, the jaws are tightened evenly to ensure that part 13 is rigidly clamped and to avoid vibration during processing.

[0036] S3, Drilling mechanism angle positioning According to the preset tilt angle of the deep hole of the part, the rotary motor of the rotary mechanism 6 is started. The rotary motor drives the drive gear to rotate. By meshing with the rotary gear, the rotary gear, together with the column 7 and the drilling mechanism, is driven to rotate until the main shaft axis of the drilling mechanism 12 is consistent with the tilt angle of the deep hole, and the rotary motor stops operating.

[0037] S4, Deep Hole Drilling Based on the material and parameter tests of the parts, a suitable cutting tool is selected and cutting parameters (such as the linear feed rate of the drilling mechanism and the output spindle speed) are set. The drilling mechanism performs drilling operations through a single linear feed axis according to the set parameters.

[0038] The cutting parameter tests were conducted on a separate external horizontal machining center test machine. Twist drills, gun drills, and solid carbide drills were used as test tools, and all test tools were equipped with small-diameter extension rods or extended anti-vibration tool holders at the front end. The test fixture consisted of two V-blocks symmetrically arranged on the machine tool worktable. The outer diameter of the part to be tested was placed on the V-blocks, and the part was evenly tightened after alignment. During the test, for deep holes of different diameters, a pilot hole with a depth of 1.5 times the hole diameter was first drilled using a carbide drill bit before the formal drilling test was conducted. During the test, the diameter, rotation speed, cutting speed, drilling time, surface roughness, and drill wear of different types of drill bits were recorded.

[0039] S5, Continuous machining of multiple deep holes After drilling a set of inclined holes with the same or different angles, the milling spindle box 2 drives the faceplate 10 to rotate by 10, so that the next deep hole machining position of part 13 is aligned with the drilling mechanism to machine the next set of inclined holes with the same or different angles.

[0040] S6. Post-processing inspection and finishing Loosen the jaws of the center 11 and the face plate 10, remove part 13, use a coordinate measuring machine to check the position, straightness and diameter tolerance of the deep hole, use a roughness tester to check the surface roughness of the inner wall of the deep hole, observe the tool wear, and record the machining parameters and tool life data.

[0041] This embodiment achieves standardized machining of small-diameter inclined deep holes through a process design of clamping and alignment, angle positioning, precise drilling, and indexing continuous machining. The operation is simple, does not rely on the experience judgment of skilled technicians, reduces the impact of human error on machining quality, and significantly improves the product qualification rate. The optimal tool and cutting parameters are first screened through external tests and then applied to actual machining, avoiding material waste and tool wear caused by blind trial cutting, and reducing production costs. After drilling a set of holes, the machining position is switched by indexing and rotating the faceplate, eliminating the need for repeated clamping and alignment, greatly reducing auxiliary time, and is especially suitable for machining multiple sets of circumferentially distributed deep holes.

[0042] While embodiments or examples of this disclosure have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments or examples, and the scope of the invention is not limited by these embodiments or examples, but only by the granted claims and their equivalents. Various elements in the embodiments or examples may be omitted or replaced by their equivalents. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in a different order than that described in this disclosure. Further, various elements in the embodiments or examples may be combined in various ways. Importantly, as the technology evolves, many elements described herein can be replaced by equivalents that appear after this disclosure.

Claims

1. A processing device for small-diameter inclined deep holes, characterized in that, The system includes a horizontal milling and turning machining center, which is equipped with a clamping mechanism and a drilling mechanism. The clamping mechanism clamps the workpiece using a two-pronged clamping method. The drilling mechanism performs drilling on the workpiece using an adjustable-angle linear feed method.

2. The processing equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal milling and turning machining center includes a bed with longitudinal guide rails. A milling and turning headstock, a slide, and a tailstock are fixedly mounted on the bed. The tailstock is mounted on the longitudinal guide rails, and the milling and turning headstock is located at the end of the longitudinal guide rails and opposite to the tailstock. A movable slide is mounted on the slide, and a column is mounted on the slide via a rotary mechanism. A milling headstock and a horizontal turret tool post are fixedly mounted on the column, and a drilling mechanism is mounted on the milling headstock.

3. The processing equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tailstock includes a detachably connected lower tailstock body and an upper tailstock body. The lower tailstock body is mounted on a longitudinal guide rail via a sliding guide plate. A sleeve is slidably installed at the front end of the upper tailstock body. A motor and a reducer are fixed at the rear end of the upper tailstock body. The motor and reducer are connected to the nut at the rear end of the sleeve via a lead screw.

4. The processing equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slewing mechanism includes a slewing motor, a slewing bearing, a drive gear, and a slewing gear. The fixed end of the slewing bearing is fixedly connected to the slide, and the rotating end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the column. A slewing gear is fixedly mounted on the rotating end of the slewing bearing. The slewing gear meshes with the drive gear. The drive gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the slewing motor, and the slewing motor is fixedly mounted on the slide.

5. The processing equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism includes a faceplate, a milling and turning headstock center, and a tailstock center. The faceplate and the milling and turning headstock center are fixedly installed on the spindle of the milling and turning headstock, with the milling and turning headstock center located at the center of the faceplate. The tailstock center is fixedly installed on the spindle inside the tailstock sleeve, and the tailstock center is coaxial with the milling and turning headstock center.

6. The processing equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The center of the faceplate is provided with a boss and an inner hole for connecting with the spindle of the milling headstock. Multiple claws or blocks for clamping are evenly distributed along the circumference of the faceplate. The claws or blocks are adjusted by a T-shaped lead screw.

7. The processing equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling mechanism includes a drilling electric spindle and a linear feed assembly. The drilling electric spindle is mounted on the moving end of the linear feed assembly, and a drilling tool that can be quickly loaded and unloaded is mounted on the drilling electric spindle.

8. The processing equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes according to claim 7, characterized in that, The linear feed assembly consists of a servo driver, a servo valve, and a servo cylinder.

9. A method for machining a small-diameter inclined deep hole, implemented using the machining equipment for small-diameter inclined deep holes as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The processing method includes the following steps: S1. The milling and turning machining center is equipped with a clamping mechanism and a drilling mechanism, and the workpiece is clamped by a two-top-one-clamping method. The two ends of the workpiece are clamped by the top center, and the end of the workpiece is clamped by the face plate. S2. Use a dial indicator to check the positive and side generatrices of the outer circle of the part, and adjust the jaws of the faceplate to align and lock the part. S3. According to the preset tilt angle of the deep hole of the part, start the rotary motor of the rotary mechanism. The rotary motor drives the drive gear to rotate. By meshing with the rotary gear, the rotary gear, together with the column and the drilling mechanism, is driven to rotate until the main shaft axis of the drilling mechanism is consistent with the tilt angle of the deep hole. S4. Based on the material and parameter tests of the parts, select appropriate cutting tools and set cutting parameters. The drilling mechanism performs drilling through a single linear feed axis according to the set parameters. S5. After drilling a set of inclined holes with the same or different angles, the part is rotated by indexing through the faceplate to process the next set of inclined holes with the same or different angles.

10. A method for machining a small-diameter inclined deep hole according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cutting parameter tests were conducted on a separate external horizontal machining center test machine. Twist drills, gun drills, and solid carbide drills were used as test tools. All test tools were equipped with small-diameter extension rods or extended anti-vibration tool holders at the front end to avoid the risk of interference between the spindle and tool holder and the part. The test fixture consisted of two V-blocks symmetrically arranged on the machine tool table. The outer diameter of the part to be tested was placed on the V-blocks, and the part was evenly tightened after alignment. During the test, for deep holes of different diameters, a pilot hole with a depth of 1.5 times the hole diameter was first drilled using a carbide drill bit before the formal drilling test was conducted. During the test, the diameter, rotation speed, cutting speed, drilling time, surface roughness, and drill wear of different types of drill bits were recorded.

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