Test system and test method for radioactive waste incineration process

Abstract

The invention discloses a test system and a test method for a radioactive waste incineration process. The test system comprises a pyrolysis part, a combustion part, a cooling part, a dust removal part and an absorption part which are sequentially connected in series, the pyrolysis part comprises a pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the waste to generate pyrolysis gas; the combustion part comprises a preheater, a premixer and a combustion furnace, the preheater is used for heating combustion-supporting air, the premixer is used for mixing pyrolysis gas with preheated combustion-supporting air, and the combustion furnace is used for carrying out combustion treatment on mixed gas; the cooling part is used for cooling high-temperature tail gas generated by combustion; the dust removal part and the absorption part are used for carrying out pollutant absorption treatment on the dedusted tail gas; the test system adopts a modular design, and equipment contained in each part can be connected in series or in parallel according to test requirements to form an independent operation unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radioactive waste incineration, and specifically to a test system and test method for radioactive waste incineration processes. Background Technology

[0002] Incineration is a crucial method for reducing the volume of radioactive waste. A large proportion of radioactive waste generated during the operation and decommissioning of nuclear industries is combustible, including cardboard boxes, plastic bags, wooden boards, cotton yarn and rags, gloves, protective clothing, hats, and masks. After incineration, the vast majority of radionuclides are concentrated in the incineration ash, which is only a fraction of the volume of the original waste, significantly reducing the costs of storage, transportation, and final disposal. Simultaneously, organic matter is converted into inorganic matter through incineration, becoming inert ash, improving stability and safety, and facilitating disposal. Therefore, incineration has become one of the primary methods for treating radioactive combustible waste and is widely used worldwide.

[0003] Currently, my country has established several incineration facilities for treating radioactive combustible solid waste, and these facilities have achieved relatively good social and economic benefits in practical application. However, some problems have also been exposed during long-term operation, such as the plastic and rubber content of the actual waste exceeding the design value, severe corrosion of the exhaust gas purification system equipment, and a high equipment failure rate. At the same time, radioactive waste incineration technology also needs to be continuously improved according to the new requirements of the new era, such as: receiving a higher proportion of plastic and rubber, processing more types of radioactive waste, reducing exhaust gas pollutants, and reducing the amount of secondary waste generated.

[0004] To continuously conduct process research and experimental verification of radioactive waste incineration technology, and to upgrade and transform existing technologies by drawing on new technologies and processes to improve performance and continuously meet my country's needs for radioactive combustible waste treatment, the radioactive combustible waste incineration treatment system and equipment mainly includes multiple parts such as waste pyrolysis, combustion, exhaust gas cooling, dust removal, and absorption. Each unit and piece of equipment has different treatment objects and operating conditions, and is often large in size and complex to operate. In addition, each unit and piece of equipment is connected in series and does not have independent operating conditions. Therefore, it is difficult and not easy to carry out long-term and frequent process research and experimental verification using conventional waste incineration facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention discloses an experimental system for radioactive waste incineration processes, comprising a pyrolysis section, a combustion section, a cooling section, a dust removal section, and an absorption section connected in series. The pyrolysis section includes a pyrolysis furnace, which is used to pyrolyze waste to generate pyrolysis gas; The combustion section includes a preheater, a premixer, and a combustion furnace. The preheater is used to heat the combustion air, the premixer is used to mix the pyrolysis gas with the preheated combustion air, and the combustion furnace is used to burn the mixed gas. The cooling section includes at least one cooling device for cooling the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion; The dust removal section includes at least one dust removal device for dust removal treatment of the cooled exhaust gas; The absorption section includes at least one absorption device for absorbing pollutants from the exhaust gas after dust removal. The test system adopts a modular design, and the equipment contained in each part can be connected in series or in parallel to form an independent operating unit according to the test requirements.

[0006] Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace includes a feeding port, an air inlet, a grate, a jacket, a stirrer, an igniter, an air outlet, and an ash discharge port; The feeding port is used to receive waste packages and is compatible with different packaging shapes and sizes; The air inlet is used to introduce gases such as air, nitrogen, or high-temperature water vapor, and to control the flow rate; The grate has a drawer-type structure and can swing back and forth to discharge pyrolysis residue and incineration ash; The jacket is segmented, connecting different cooling media and controlling their temperature and flow rate; The stirrer is equipped with multiple position interfaces, which can be connected to different stirring components; The outlet is used to measure the composition, temperature, and flow rate of the pyrolysis gas.

[0007] Preferably, the combustion section further includes a waste liquid pretreatment device, an atomizing nozzle, and a simulated combustible gas generator; The waste liquid pretreatment device is used to pretreat organic waste liquid by filtering, mixing, heating, and adjusting viscosity. The atomizing nozzle is installed in the combustion furnace and is used to atomize the pretreated organic waste liquid and spray it into the combustion furnace. The simulated combustible gas generator is used to produce simulated combustible gas with controllable composition, temperature and flow rate, enabling independent operation of the combustion section.

[0008] Preferably, the cooling section includes at least one of a mixed-air cooling device, an indirect cooling device, and a direct cooling device, as well as a simulated exhaust gas generator; The air mixing and cooling equipment cools the exhaust gas by mixing in ambient air. The indirect cooling equipment adopts a shell-and-tube heat exchanger structure. The direct cooling equipment adopts a water spray quench cooler structure; The simulated exhaust gas generator is used to produce high-temperature exhaust gas with controllable temperature and flow rate, enabling the independent operation of the cooling section.

[0009] Preferably, the dust removal section includes at least one of bag filter, gravity dust collector, cyclone dust collector, and electrostatic dust collector, as well as a simulated dust-laden gas generator. The bag filter uses different filter elements, including flat bags, filter bags, filter cartridges, filter cartridges containing catalysts, and sintered plastic plates; The gravity dust removal equipment and cyclone dust removal equipment optimize the dust removal effect by changing the internal cavity size and flow channel shape; The simulated dust-laden gas generator is used to produce gas with controllable particulate matter concentration and particle size, enabling the independent operation of the dust removal section.

[0010] Preferably, the absorption section includes at least one of a high-efficiency filter, a wet absorption device, a dry absorption device, a supergravity absorption device, and an activated carbon adsorption device, as well as a pollutant-containing gas generator; The wet absorption equipment includes plate towers, bubble cap towers, spray towers, packed towers, etc. The supergravity absorption device enhances the mass transfer process through centrifugal force, and the internal packing can be replaced and the rotation speed can be controlled. The pollutant-containing gas generator is used to produce gas with controllable pollutant composition and proportion, enabling the independent operation of the absorption section.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention provides a test method for radioactive waste incineration processes, the test system comprising: Pyrolysis steps: The waste is put into the pyrolysis furnace and ignited by an igniter. The gas flow rate at the inlet is controlled, and the pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis enters the combustion section through the outlet. Combustion steps: The combustion air is heated by the preheater and then mixed with the pyrolysis gas in the premixer before entering the combustion furnace for high-temperature combustion. The organic waste liquid is pretreated and then atomized and sprayed into the combustion furnace for simultaneous combustion. Cooling step: The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion is cooled by a cooling device, and the temperature and flow rate of the cooling medium are controlled; Dust removal steps: After cooling, the exhaust gas passes through a dust removal device to remove particulate matter, and the concentration and particle size of particulate matter before and after dust removal are monitored; Absorption step: The exhaust gas after dust removal passes through the absorption equipment to remove pollutants, and is then discharged after being adsorbed by activated carbon. The types and concentrations of pollutants before and after absorption are monitored.

[0012] Preferably, in the pyrolysis step, a cooling medium is introduced into the jacket of the pyrolysis furnace to control the pyrolysis temperature within a set range, and a stirrer stirs the material to ensure a stable pyrolysis process.

[0013] Preferably, in the cooling step, a single cooling device or multiple cooling devices are selected and operated in series to monitor the flue gas temperature and flow rate before and after cooling in real time.

[0014] Preferably, in the absorption step, wet absorption, dry absorption, and supergravity absorption equipment can be used in combination. The high-efficiency filter first removes radionuclides from the exhaust gas and then performs pollutant absorption treatment.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the system covers all stages of waste incineration treatment, is easy to operate, and is equipped with sufficient monitoring and analysis instruments and methods. Furthermore, the relevant experimental parameters have good adjustability, meeting the needs of experimental verification. The system is modularly designed; through the combined use of different unit modules or their independent operation, it can meet the different experimental verification requirements of each stage of waste incineration treatment, demonstrating strong research and development capabilities in processes and equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. The drawings are provided for a better understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides an experimental system for radioactive waste incineration process, comprising a pyrolysis section, a combustion section, a cooling section, a dust removal section and an absorption section connected in series. The pyrolysis section includes a pyrolysis furnace, which is used to pyrolyze waste to generate pyrolysis gas; The combustion section includes a preheater, a premixer, and a combustion furnace. The preheater is used to heat the combustion air, the premixer is used to mix the pyrolysis gas with the preheated combustion air, and the combustion furnace is used to burn the mixed gas. The cooling section includes at least one cooling device for cooling the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion; The dust removal section includes at least one dust removal device for dust removal treatment of the cooled exhaust gas; The absorption section includes at least one absorption device for absorbing pollutants from the exhaust gas after dust removal. The test system adopts a modular design, and the equipment contained in each part can be connected in series or in parallel to form an independent operating unit according to the test requirements.

[0019] Preferably, the pyrolysis section consists of a pyrolysis furnace; the combustion section consists of a preheater, premixer, combustion furnace, waste liquid pretreatment device, and atomizing nozzles, and is equipped with a separate simulated combustible gas generator; the cooling section consists of mixed-air cooling equipment, indirect cooling equipment, direct cooling equipment, and other cooling equipment, and is equipped with a separate simulated exhaust gas generator; the dust removal section consists of bag filter equipment, gravity dust collector, cyclone dust collector, electrostatic dust collector, and other dust removal equipment, and is equipped with a separate simulated dust-laden gas generator; the absorption section consists of high-efficiency filters, wet absorption equipment, demisting and reheating equipment, dry absorption equipment, ultragravity absorption equipment, other absorption equipment, activated carbon adsorption equipment, etc., and is equipped with a separate pollutant-laden gas generator. The entire experimental system is composed of the above five parts connected in series, and the equipment in each part can be connected in series or in parallel to form independently operable units according to the needs of experimental verification or research and development.

[0020] Preferably, the pyrolysis section consists of a pyrolysis furnace, which is used to conduct experimental verification and research on the pyrolysis process of waste. The pyrolysis furnace consists of several parts: a feed inlet, an air inlet, a grate, a jacket, a stirrer, an igniter, an air outlet, and an ash discharge port. Each part adopts a modular design and assembly for easy replacement: ① The feed inlet is compatible with various waste packaging shapes and sizes; ② The air inlet has multiple points and multiple gas interfaces and supplies, including air, nitrogen, or high-temperature steam, and the flow rate can be controlled; ③ The grate is designed with a drawer-type structure for easy replacement of various grate types; ④ The jacket is segmented, connecting to different cooling media such as cooling water and air, and can control and measure the inlet and outlet temperatures and flow rates of the cooling media; ⑤ The stirrer has multiple interfaces, including axial and lateral, for easy connection to different types of stirring components; ⑥ The igniter can use liquefied petroleum gas, diesel fuel, or other available ignition methods; ⑦ The air outlet can measure the composition, temperature, and flow rate of the pyrolysis gas; ⑧ The ash discharge port can be connected to incineration ash reprocessing devices, such as microwave ashing furnaces, high-temperature muffle furnaces, or cement curing and high-temperature melting curing equipment. In summary, the pyrolysis section can effectively control and measure the condition parameters of the pyrolysis furnace and the aforementioned waste pyrolysis process, and conduct related research.

[0021] Preferably, the specific test method and operation mode of the pyrolysis section are as follows: The waste material bag to be tested and verified is received at the feed port of the pyrolysis furnace and enters the furnace body, where it is carried by the grate. The waste is then ignited by an igniter to begin the pyrolysis reaction. The required gas is introduced through the gas inlet, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the waste pyrolysis enters the subsequent combustion section through the gas outlet. The pyrolysis residue and incineration ash remain on the grate. During the operation of the pyrolysis furnace, a cooling medium is circulated through the jacket to ensure that the equipment does not overheat and be damaged. Simultaneously, a stirrer is used to agitate the material as necessary to ensure a stable pyrolysis process. When ash discharge is required, the grate can swing back and forth at a certain angle, discharging the pyrolysis residue and incineration ash to the bottom of the furnace body, and then through the ash discharge port into the subsequent incineration ash reprocessing device.

[0022] Preferably, the combustion section comprises a preheater, a premixer, a combustion furnace, a waste liquid pretreatment device, and atomizing nozzles, and is equipped with a separate simulated combustible gas generator for experimental verification and research on the mixing of pyrolysis gas and preheated air, as well as the combustion process of pyrolysis gas or organic waste liquid. ① The preheater adopts an electric heating method and can be equipped with multiple independently controlled heating elements, connected to the air supply fan and the premixer before and after, and the temperature is controlled and measured; ② The premixer adopts a modular design and assembly, compatible with different types of mixing components, and has two air inlets, one connected to the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace in the pyrolysis section or the outlet of the simulated combustible gas generator, and the other connected to the outlet of the preheater. The premixer outlet is connected to the air inlet of the combustion furnace, and the temperature is measured at multiple points to verify its specific mixing effect; ③ The combustion furnace can adopt different burner forms, with air inlets and outlets, and atomizing nozzles are installed in appropriate positions. The refractory bricks inside the furnace are manufactured in modules for easy replacement and combination, and adopt... The system employs multiple measurement points to study temperature, gas composition, and other parameters, thereby investigating the specific combustion effects of pyrolysis gas or organic waste liquid. ④ The waste liquid pretreatment device includes pretreatment processes for various types of organic waste liquid, such as filtration, mixing, heating, viscosity adjustment, and conveying. It connects to a liquid supply pump and atomizing nozzles before and after the process, and can control and measure temperature and flow rate. ⑤ The atomizing nozzles adopt a modular design and assembly, installed at appropriate locations in the combustion furnace. Different nozzle types can be used to study the specific atomization and combustion effects of organic waste liquid. ⑥ The simulated combustible gas generator produces simulated combustible gas with controllable gas composition, temperature, and flow rate. The outlet connects to one inlet of the premixer, enabling independent operation of the combustion section. In summary, the combustion section can effectively control and measure the condition parameters of the preheater, premixer, combustion furnace, waste liquid pretreatment device, atomizing nozzles, and simulated combustible gas generator, as well as the mixing of pyrolysis gas and preheated air, and the experimental verification of the combustion process of pyrolysis gas or organic waste liquid, and conduct related research.

[0023] Preferably, the specific test method and operation mode of the combustion section are as follows: Combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis section or the simulated combustible gas generator enters the premixer; simultaneously, combustion air, preheated to a certain temperature by the heating elements of the preheater, also enters the premixer. Here, the mixing components ensure thorough mixing of the combustible gas and the preheated air before the gas enters the combustion furnace. Inside the combustion furnace, the combustible gas undergoes complete combustion in a high-temperature, oxygen-rich environment, where the combustible components are effectively decomposed. Meanwhile, the organic waste liquid to be tested undergoes necessary filtration, mixing, heating, viscosity adjustment, and conveying processes through a waste liquid pretreatment device. It is then atomized into droplets of a certain particle size through atomizing nozzles and enters the combustion furnace, where it undergoes high-temperature combustion together with the combustible gas, thus achieving effective treatment. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated after combustion is discharged from the combustion furnace outlet and enters the subsequent cooling section.

[0024] Preferably, the cooling section consists of a mixed-air cooling device, an indirect cooling device, a direct cooling device, and other cooling devices, and is equipped with a separate simulated exhaust gas generator for conducting experimental verification and research on the cooling process of high-temperature exhaust gas. ① Mixed-air cooling equipment cools high-temperature exhaust gas by mixing ambient air into the equipment, and controls and measures the temperature and flow rate; ② Indirect cooling equipment adopts a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and through modular design and assembly, it is compatible with different types of tube-side components and enhanced heat transfer components, and controls and measures the temperature and flow rate to study the specific heat transfer and exhaust gas cooling effect; ③ Direct cooling equipment adopts a water spray quencher, and through modular design and assembly, it allows for the replacement of different types of atomizing nozzles, connecting cooling water and compressed air, and controlling and measuring the temperature and flow rate to study the specific exhaust gas cooling effect; ④ Other cooling equipment, such as jet-type, packing-type, liquid film-type, and liquid column-type cooling equipment, have necessary medium interfaces and adopt modular design and assembly as much as possible to provide space and conditions for subsequent possible cooling equipment testing, verification and research; ⑤ A simulated exhaust gas generator is used to generate high-temperature exhaust gas with controllable temperature and flow rate, and the outlet is connected to the relevant equipment of the above-mentioned cooling section to realize the independent operation of the cooling section. Simultaneously, the generation of particulate matter in the exhaust gas can be considered to simulate dust, thereby enabling the study of dust accumulation in the cooling equipment. In summary, the cooling section can effectively control and measure the condition parameters for the experimental verification of mixed-air cooling equipment, indirect cooling equipment, direct cooling equipment, other cooling equipment, and simulated exhaust gas generators, as well as the cooling process of the aforementioned high-temperature exhaust gas, and conduct related research.

[0025] Preferably, the specific test method and operation mode of the cooling section are as follows: High-temperature exhaust gas generated by the combustion section or the simulated exhaust gas generator enters the system. The system includes mixed-air cooling equipment, indirect cooling equipment, direct cooling equipment, and other cooling equipment, which are connected by pipelines and can operate independently or in series. As needed for test verification or research, the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the relevant cooling equipment and is cooled down before being discharged from the outlet of the relevant equipment. The cooled exhaust gas then enters the subsequent dust removal section. Simultaneously, the system can control and measure parameters such as flue gas temperature and flow rate before and after the relevant cooling equipment to study the specific cooling effect. The relevant cooling equipment is also equipped with a cooling medium connection port.

[0026] Preferably, the dust removal section comprises baghouse dust collectors, gravity dust collectors, cyclone dust collectors, electrostatic precipitators, and other dust removal equipment, and is equipped with a separate simulated dust-laden gas generator for experimental verification and research on the dust-laden gas particulate matter collection process. ① Baghouse dust collectors use various types of filter elements to remove particulate matter from the gas. Through modular design and assembly, they are compatible with different forms of filter elements, including flat bags, filter bags, filter cartridges, catalyst-containing filter cartridges, sintered plastic plates, etc.; ② Gravity dust collectors remove particulate matter from the gas using gravity or inertial force, and through combination design, the internal cavity size and flow channel shape can be changed; ③ Cyclone dust collectors are similar to gravity dust collectors, relying on centrifugal force to remove particulate matter from the gas. Similarly, through combination design, the internal cavity size and flow channel shape can be changed; ④ Electrostatic precipitators... The equipment removes particulate matter from gas using electrostatic force, and through combined design, the relevant electric field size and parameters can be changed; ⑤ Other dust removal equipment, such as wet, granular layer, fiber dust, and composite dust removal equipment, are provided with necessary media interfaces and modular design and assembly are adopted as much as possible to provide space and conditions for subsequent possible dust removal equipment testing, verification, and research; ⑥ A simulated dust-laden gas generator is used to produce gas with controllable flow rate, particulate matter concentration, and particle size parameters. The outlet is connected to the relevant equipment in the above-mentioned dust removal section to achieve independent operation of the dust removal section. In summary, the dust removal section can effectively control and measure the condition parameters of bag filter equipment, gravity dust collectors, cyclone dust collectors, electrostatic dust collectors, other dust removal equipment, and simulated dust-laden gas generators, as well as the aforementioned dust-laden gas particulate matter collection process testing and verification, and conduct related research.

[0027] Preferably, the specific test methods and operating modes of the dust removal section are as follows: Dust-laden gas generated by the cooling section or a simulated dust-laden gas generator enters the system. The system includes bag filters, gravity filters, cyclone filters, electrostatic precipitators, and other dust removal equipment, which are connected by pipelines and can operate independently or in series. As needed for experimental verification or research, the dust-laden gas enters the relevant dust removal equipment, where particulate matter is removed and discharged from the outlet. The filtered gas then enters the subsequent absorption section. Simultaneously, the system can control and measure parameters such as particulate matter concentration and particle size before and after the relevant dust removal equipment to study the specific dust removal and filtration effects. The relevant dust removal equipment is also equipped with ash hoppers and corresponding ash discharge mechanisms.

[0028] Preferably, the absorption section comprises a high-efficiency filter, wet absorption equipment, demisting and reheating equipment, dry absorption equipment, centrifugal absorption equipment, other absorption equipment, and activated carbon adsorption equipment, and is equipped with a separate pollutant-containing gas generator for experimental verification and research on the absorption process of pollutant-containing gases. ① The high-efficiency filter is a conventional filter type, and through modular design and assembly, the type and size of the filter core material can be changed; ② The wet absorption equipment adopts a wet acid removal process, and through modular design and assembly, the internal absorption form, material, and size can be changed, such as plate towers, bubble cap towers, spray towers, packed towers, etc.; it is also equipped with a demisting and reheating equipment, which can be used for heat exchange, demisting, and heating of the gas after wet acid removal; ③ The dry absorption equipment uses a dry absorbent to remove pollutants from the gas, and through modular design and assembly, the type and size of the absorbent can be changed; ④ The centrifugal absorption equipment is an improved wet acid removal process, utilizing centrifugal force to enhance the mass transfer process and improve absorption efficiency, and through modular design and assembly... The absorption section can effectively control and measure the internal packing materials and operating parameters such as rotation speed, and can also control other absorption equipment, such as ionization, irradiation, photocatalysis, biodegradation, and denitrification equipment. Necessary media interfaces are provided for these devices, and modular design and assembly are adopted as much as possible to provide space and conditions for subsequent possible absorption equipment testing and research. Activated carbon adsorption equipment, through modular design and assembly, can have its internal absorption form and size changed, such as fixed bed, moving bed, fluidized bed, rotary bed, etc. A pollutant-containing gas generator is used to generate gas with controllable flow rate and pollutant composition and proportion parameters. The outlet connects to the relevant equipment in the above-mentioned absorption section to achieve independent operation of the absorption section. In summary, the absorption section can effectively control and measure the conditions and parameters for testing and verifying the absorption process of high-efficiency filters, wet absorption equipment, demisting and reheating equipment, dry absorption equipment, ultragravity absorption equipment, other absorption equipment, activated carbon adsorption equipment, and pollutant-containing gas generators, and can also conduct related research.

[0029] Preferably, the specific experimental methods and operating modes of the absorption section are as follows: The pollutant-containing gas generated by the dust removal section or the pollutant-containing gas generator first passes through a high-efficiency filter to remove possible nuclides, and then enters the system. The system includes wet absorption equipment, demisting and reheating equipment, dry absorption equipment, ultragravity absorption equipment, and other absorption equipment, which are connected by pipelines and can operate independently or in series. As needed for experimental verification or research, the pollutant-containing gas enters the relevant absorption equipment, where the pollutants are absorbed, and then discharged from the outlet of the relevant equipment. The purified gas is discharged from the system via activated carbon adsorption equipment and an induced draft fan. Simultaneously, the system can control and measure parameters such as the type and concentration of pollutants before and after the relevant absorption equipment to study the specific absorption and purification effects. The relevant absorption equipment is also connected to the corresponding absorption medium generation system and waste liquid treatment system.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a test method for radioactive waste incineration processes, using the aforementioned test system, comprising: Pyrolysis steps: The waste is put into the pyrolysis furnace and ignited by an igniter. The gas flow rate at the inlet is controlled, and the pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis enters the combustion section through the outlet. Combustion steps: The combustion air is heated by the preheater and then mixed with the pyrolysis gas in the premixer before entering the combustion furnace for high-temperature combustion. The organic waste liquid is pretreated and then atomized and sprayed into the combustion furnace for simultaneous combustion. Cooling step: The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion is cooled by a cooling device, and the temperature and flow rate of the cooling medium are controlled; Dust removal steps: After cooling, the exhaust gas passes through a dust removal device to remove particulate matter, and the concentration and particle size of particulate matter before and after dust removal are monitored; Absorption step: The exhaust gas after dust removal passes through the absorption equipment to remove pollutants, and is then discharged after being adsorbed by activated carbon. The types and concentrations of pollutants before and after absorption are monitored.

[0031] In summary, the aforementioned experimental system and methods for radioactive waste incineration cover all stages of the waste incineration process. They are easy to operate, equipped with sufficient monitoring and analytical instruments and methods, and the relevant experimental parameters are highly adjustable, meeting the needs of experimental verification. The system is modularly designed; through the combined use of different unit modules or independent operation, it can meet the different experimental verification requirements at each stage of waste incineration, demonstrating strong research and development capabilities in process and equipment.

[0032] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined.

[0033] For the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of this application.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test system for a radioactive waste incineration process, characterized in that, The system comprises a pyrolysis section, a combustion section, a cooling section, a dust removal section and an absorption section connected in series. The pyrolysis section comprises a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing waste to produce pyrolysis gas. The combustion section comprises a preheater for heating combustion air, a premixer for mixing pyrolysis gas with preheated combustion air, and a combustion furnace for burning the mixed gas. The cooling section comprises at least one cooling device for cooling high-temperature exhaust gas produced by combustion. The dust removal section comprises at least one dust removal device for dust removal treatment of the cooled exhaust gas. The absorption section comprises at least one absorption device for pollutant absorption treatment of the dust-removed exhaust gas. The test system adopts a modular design, and the devices in each section can be connected in series or parallel to form an independent operating unit according to the test requirements.

2. The test system of claim 1, wherein, The pyrolysis furnace comprises a feeding port, an air inlet, a grate, a jacket, a stirrer, an igniter, an air outlet and an ash outlet. The feeding port is used to receive waste packages and is compatible with different packaging shapes and sizes. The air inlet is used to introduce air, nitrogen or high-temperature steam and control the flow rate. The grate is of drawer type and can reciprocate to discharge pyrolysis residues and incineration ash. The jacket is of sectional type and connects different cooling media to control their temperature and flow rate. The stirrer is provided with multiple position interfaces to connect different stirring components. The air outlet is used to measure the composition, temperature and flow rate of pyrolysis gas.

3. The test system of claim 1, wherein, The combustion section further comprises a waste liquid pretreatment device, an atomizing nozzle and a simulated combustible gas generating device. The waste liquid pretreatment device is used to pretreat organic waste liquid by filtering, mixing, heating and viscosity adjustment. The atomizing nozzle is installed on the combustion furnace to spray the pretreated organic waste liquid into the combustion furnace after atomization. The simulated combustible gas generating device is used to generate simulated combustible gas with controllable composition, temperature and flow rate to realize independent operation of the combustion section.

4. The test system of claim 1, wherein The cooling section comprises at least one of a mixed air cooling device, an indirect cooling device and a direct cooling device, and a simulated exhaust gas generating device. The mixed air cooling device cools the exhaust gas by mixing ambient air. The indirect cooling device adopts a tube-in-shell heat exchanger structure. The direct cooling device adopts a water spray quencher structure. The simulated exhaust gas generating device is used to generate high-temperature exhaust gas with controllable temperature and flow rate to realize independent operation of the cooling section.

5. The test system of claim 1, wherein, The dust removal section comprises at least one of a bag-type dust removal device, a gravity dust removal device, a cyclone dust removal device and an electrostatic dust removal device, and a simulated dust-containing gas generating device. The bag-type dust removal device adopts different filter elements, including flat bags, filter bags, filter cartridges, catalyst-containing filter cartridges and plastic burning plates. The gravity dust removal device and the cyclone dust removal device optimize the dust removal effect by changing the size of the internal cavity and the shape of the flow channel. The simulated dust-containing gas generating device is used to generate gas with controllable particulate matter concentration and particle size to realize independent operation of the dust removal section.

6. The test system of claim 1, wherein, The absorption part comprises at least one of high-efficiency filter, wet absorption equipment, dry absorption equipment, supergravity absorption equipment and activated carbon adsorption equipment, and a pollutant-containing gas generating device; The wet absorption equipment comprises a plate tower, a bubble cap tower, a spray tower and a packed tower; The supergravity absorption equipment can strengthen the mass transfer process by centrifugal force, replace the internal packing and control the rotating speed; The pollutant-containing gas generating device is used to generate gas with controllable pollutant components and proportions, and realize independent operation of the absorption part.

7. A test method for a radioactive waste incineration process, characterized in that, The application of the test system as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 comprises: a pyrolysis step: placing waste into a pyrolysis furnace, igniting by an igniter, controlling the gas flow of the gas inlet, and pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis enters the combustion part through the gas outlet; a combustion step: after the combustion air is heated by a preheater, it is mixed with the pyrolysis gas in a premixer, enters a combustion furnace for high-temperature combustion, and the organic waste liquid is atomized and sprayed into the combustion furnace for synchronous combustion after pretreatment; a cooling step: the high-temperature tail gas generated by combustion is cooled by a cooling device, and the temperature and flow of the cooling medium are controlled; a dust removal step: the cooled tail gas passes through a dust removal device to remove particulate matter, and the particulate matter concentration and particle size before and after dust removal are monitored; an absorption step: the dust-removed tail gas passes through an absorption device to remove pollutants, and is discharged after activated carbon adsorption, and the types and concentrations of pollutants before and after absorption are monitored.

8. The test method of claim 7, wherein, In the pyrolysis step, the jacket of the pyrolysis furnace is connected to a cooling medium, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled within a set range, and a stirrer is used to stir the material to ensure a smooth pyrolysis process.

9. The test method of claim 7, wherein, In the cooling step, a single cooling device or multiple cooling devices in series are selected for operation, and the flue gas temperature and flow before and after cooling are monitored in real time.

10. The test method of claim 7, wherein, In the absorption step, wet absorption, dry absorption and supergravity absorption equipment can be used in combination, and a high-efficiency filter is used to remove nuclides in the tail gas before pollutant absorption treatment.

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