Atomic fluorescence detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an atomic fluorescence detection device and method, and the device comprises an atomic gas chamber which is used for spontaneously radiating atomic fluorescence rays; the reflecting device is used for reflecting the fluorescent rays, so that the fluorescent rays reflected by the reflecting device are converged to the spherical lens; the spherical lens is used for receiving the reflected fluorescent rays and increasing the convergence degree of the fluorescent rays reflected by the reflecting device; and the fluorescence detector is used for receiving and detecting the fluorescence rays. The atomic gas chamber has the advantages that the principle is clear, the structure is simple, and by adjusting the distance between the rectangular reflecting mirror in the reflecting device and the point light source at the central position of the atomic gas chamber and the distance between the first prismatic right-angle reflecting mirror and the point light source and the distance between the second prismatic right-angle reflecting mirror and the point light source in the vertical direction, the atomic gas chamber can be reflected; reflected fluorescent rays are converged to the spherical lens to the maximum extent, and the fluorescent ray detection efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision spectroscopic detection technology. More specifically, it relates to an atomic fluorescence detection device and detection method. Background Technology

[0002] Atomic fluorescence detection has various applications in science and industry, including elemental analysis, materials research, and biomedicine. Compared to absorption spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence analysis is generally faster and more efficient, rapidly acquiring information on elements and their abundance. It is more sensitive in element detection, providing better quantitative analysis capabilities, which helps in real-time monitoring and rapid decision-making. Furthermore, atomic fluorescence detection is also used in fields such as precise atomic spectrometry, atomic clocks, quantum sensors, and quantum computing.

[0003] Improving atomic fluorescence detection efficiency offers numerous benefits, such as increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced accuracy, and greater flexibility in real-time monitoring and multi-element analysis. However, traditional methods for improving atomic fluorescence detection efficiency typically involve optimizing sensors, sample preparation, and data processing capabilities, yet these methods often result in relatively low fluorescence detection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an atomic fluorescence detection device and detection method to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention provides an atomic fluorescence detection device, which includes an atomic gas cell, a reflective device, a spherical lens, and a fluorescence detector, wherein... The atomic gas chamber is used for spontaneous emission of atomic fluorescence rays; The reflective device is used to reflect fluorescent rays, so that the fluorescent rays reflected by the reflective device are focused onto the spherical lens; The spherical lens is used to receive reflected fluorescent rays and increase the convergence of fluorescent rays reflected by the reflecting device; The fluorescence detector is used to receive and detect fluorescent rays.

[0006] Optionally, the atomic gas chamber, the spherical lens, and the fluorescence detector are arranged coaxially.

[0007] Optionally, the reflective device includes a first prismatic right-angle reflector, a second prismatic right-angle reflector, and a rectangular reflector, wherein, The first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector are symmetrically arranged; The center of the rectangular reflector is coaxially aligned with the atomic gas chamber.

[0008] Optionally, the device further includes a point light source disposed at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

[0009] A second aspect of the present invention provides a detection method for an atomic fluorescence detection device, the method comprising: The centers of the atomic gas cell, spherical lens, and fluorescence detector are aligned on a single axis. The fluorescent rays emitted by the atomic gas cell are reflected to the spherical lens by a reflecting device; The convergence of the reflected fluorescent rays is increased by using a spherical lens, and the reflected fluorescent rays are then transmitted to the fluorescence detector. The fluorescence detection efficiency is obtained based on the length of the line segment received on the screen of the fluorescence detector.

[0010] Optionally, the method further includes adjusting the reflective device to focus the reflected fluorescent rays onto the spherical lens.

[0011] Optionally, the method further includes aligning a rectangular reflector with the central axis of the atomic gas chamber and adjusting the distance between the rectangular reflector and the point light source so that the fluorescent rays converge on the spherical lens.

[0012] Optionally, the adjustment of the reflective device includes adjusting the distance between the first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector and the point light source.

[0013] Optionally, the modulation reflective device further includes adjusting the angle between the first prismatic right-angle mirror and the second prismatic right-angle mirror in the vertical direction and the point light source.

[0014] Optionally, the rectangular reflector coincides with the axis of the atomic gas chamber, and the first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector are symmetrically arranged.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The principle of this invention is clear and the structure is simple. By adjusting the distances between the rectangular reflector, the first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector in the reflective device and the point light source, as well as the angles between the first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector and the point light source in the vertical direction, the reflected fluorescent rays are maximized to converge onto the spherical lens, thereby improving the detection efficiency of fluorescent rays. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the fluorescence detection device of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 The flowchart of the particle swarm optimization method of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, further explains the invention. Similar components in the drawings are indicated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific description below is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This invention eliminates an atomic fluorescence detection device and detection method based on the optimized arrangement of optical lenses, which can be applied to atomic clocks and quantum sensors. By using a particle number optimization algorithm to optimize and iterate the combination and parameters of optical lenses, the optimal combination and parameters of reflective devices and spherical lenses are obtained, increasing the fluorescence detection efficiency to 2.2 times that of not using optical lens groups.

[0020] The first aspect of the present invention provides an atomic fluorescence detection device, which includes an atomic gas cell, a reflective device, a spherical lens and a fluorescence detector, wherein the atomic gas cell, the spherical lens and the fluorescence detector are coaxially arranged; Atomic gas cells are used for spontaneous emission of atomic fluorescence rays; A point light source is placed at the center of the atomic gas cell, which radiates light signals uniformly into the atomic gas cell. Through the interaction between the point light source and the atoms in the atomic gas cell, the atomic gas cell spontaneously radiates fluorescent rays to the surrounding area. A reflective device is used to reflect fluorescent rays, so that the fluorescent rays reflected by the reflective device are focused onto the spherical lens; The reflecting device includes a first prismatic right-angle reflector, a second prismatic right-angle reflector, and a rectangular reflector, wherein, The first and second prismatic right-angle mirrors are symmetrically arranged; the rectangular mirror is coaxially arranged with the atomic gas chamber.

[0021] A spherical lens is used to receive the fluorescence signal reflected by the reflective device, so as to improve the convergence of the fluorescence rays reflected by the reflective device and transmit the reflected fluorescence signal to the fluorescence detector. A fluorescence detector is used to receive and detect fluorescent rays. The fluorescence detection efficiency is calculated based on the length of the line segment of the fluorescent ray received on the screen of the fluorescence detector.

[0022] In one specific embodiment, Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a fluorescence detection device. An atomic gas chamber 6, a spherical lens 4, and a fluorescence detector 5 are coaxially arranged on the same horizontal line. A point light source is positioned at the center of the atomic gas chamber 6, radiating light uniformly outwards from the center. After interacting with the atoms in the atomic gas chamber 6, fluorescence is emitted through the chamber. The focal length f of the spherical lens 4 is 20 mm, its distance d3 from the point light source is 30 mm, and its distance from the fluorescence detector 5 is 40 mm. A reflective device is positioned on the side of the atomic gas chamber 6 furthest from the fluorescence detector 5. The reflective device includes a first prismatic right-angled mirror 1, a rectangular mirror 2, and a second prismatic right-angled mirror 3. The centers of the corner reflector 3 and the rectangular reflector 2 are aligned with the center of the atomic gas chamber 6 on a horizontal line. The first prismatic right-angle reflector 1 and the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3 are symmetrically arranged about this horizontal line. According to the particle number optimization algorithm, the distances of the rectangular reflector 2, the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1, and the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3 from the point light source are adjusted, as are the angles between the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1 and the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3 and the point light source in the vertical direction. This controls the fluorescent rays reflected by the reflector to hit the spherical lens 4 to the maximum extent. The fluorescent rays are then transmitted to the fluorescence detector 5 through the spherical lens 4, thus realizing the detection of the fluorescent rays.

[0023] Preferably, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is adjusted so that the rectangular reflector 2 is 15mm away from the point light source by distance d1, the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1 and the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3 are 25mm away from the point light source by distance d2, and the angle 2 between the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1 and the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3 and the point light source in the vertical direction is 45°. This maximizes the convergence of fluorescent rays onto the spherical lens 4, resulting in the longest line segment transmitted through the spherical lens 4 onto the fluorescence detector 5, thus achieving the optimal fluorescence detection efficiency.

[0024] A second aspect of the present invention provides a detection method for an atomic fluorescence detection device, which improves the fluorescence detection efficiency to 2.2 times that of a device without optical lens groups. The method includes... The central axes of the atomic gas chamber, spherical lens, and fluorescence detector are aligned. The fluorescent rays radiated from the atomic gas cell are reflected to the spherical lens by a reflective device, and the reflective device is adjusted to focus the reflected fluorescent rays to the spherical lens. The rectangular reflector is aligned with the central axis of the atomic gas chamber, and the distance between the rectangular reflector and the point light source is adjusted according to the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Adjust the distance between the first and second prismatic right-angle reflectors and the point light source; adjust the angle between the first and second prismatic right-angle reflectors and the point light source in the vertical direction so that the fluorescent rays converge on the spherical lens.

[0025] The convergence of the reflected fluorescent rays is increased by using a spherical lens, and the reflected fluorescent rays are then transmitted to the fluorescence detector.

[0026] In one specific embodiment, the distance d1 between the rectangular reflector 2 and the point light source in the reflective device is adjusted by automatically optimizing the parameters in the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The center distance of the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1 from the point light source is... The distance d2 between the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3 and the point light source, and the angle between the center of the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1 and the point light source in the vertical direction are... The angle 2 between the center of the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3 and the point light source in the vertical direction maximizes the reflection of the fluorescent rays reflected by the reflector into the spherical lens 4. The spherical lens 4 then transmits the reflected fluorescent rays onto the fluorescence detector 5. The detection efficiency of the fluorescence is calculated based on the length of the line segment received on the screen of the fluorescence detector 5.

[0027] In this embodiment, the method for calculating the detection efficiency of fluorescence is as follows: 1. Set the positions of the point light source and fluorescence detector 5. (x_light = 0;y_light = 0;),(x_rec = 30;y_rec = 0;) 2. Set the center positions of the rectangular reflector 2, the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1, and the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3, and their vertical angles with the point light source, respectively. (d1, 1),(d2, 2),( , ) Where d1 is the distance from the center of the rectangular mirror 2 to the point light source. 2 represents the angle between the rectangular mirror 2 and the point light source in the numerical direction, and d2 represents the distance from the center of the second prismatic right-angle mirror 3 to the point light source. 2 represents the angle between the second prismatic right-angle mirror 3 and the point light source in the vertical direction. Let be the distance from the center of the first prismatic right-angle mirror 1 to the point light source. Let be the angle between the first prismatic right-angle mirror 1 and the point light source in the vertical direction.

[0028] 3. Set the focal length f and position (d3, ) of spherical lens 4. 1,f), d3 is the distance from the spherical lens 4 to the point light source, and f is the focal length of the spherical lens 4; 4. Calculate the fluorescent rays originating from the point light source and reflected by the first prism right-angle mirror 1 and the second prism right-angle mirror 3 (C is the coordinate of the point light source, and A and B are the coordinates of the endpoints of the first prism right-angle mirror 1 and the second prism right-angle mirror 3, respectively). slope_AC = (yC - yA) / (xC - xA); slope_BC = (yC - yB) / (xC - xB); slope_angle_bisector = abs(slope_AC - slope_BC) / abs (1 + slope_AC *slope_BC); % light_new= slope_angle_bisector(x-x_A)+y_A 5. Calculate the fluorescence rays passing through spherical lens 4. Light_parallel= slope_AC(x-x_C)+y_C y_rec=Light_parallel(x=30) light_final= slope_angle_bisector(x-30)+y_rec 6. Calculate the fluorescence rays received by fluorescence detector 5. area= light_fina - light_final1 In the method for calculating fluorescence detection efficiency in this embodiment, the following steps are set: 1. The angle between the vertical direction and the point light source is 90°.

[0029] In this embodiment, the distances of the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1, the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3, and the rectangular reflector 2 from the point light source are automatically optimized by the particle number optimization algorithm, as well as the angles between the first prismatic right-angle reflector 1, the second prismatic right-angle reflector 3, and the rectangular reflector 2 and the point light source in the vertical direction.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the particle swarm optimization algorithm optimization method. The specific method of the particle number optimization algorithm is as follows: S1. Set the collection rate function, constraints, termination threshold H, number of particles M, and particle positions A, where particle positions A is the set of positions of the M particles. S2. Initialize the particle positions. The initial positions of the sample particles after initialization are the initial positions of M particles randomly generated within the solution space that satisfies the constraints. S3. Calculate the particle collection rate function value Ym, sort Ym, record the maximum value as Y_best, and the corresponding particle position as A_best; S4. Compare the maximum value of the particle collection rate function with the termination threshold H: If the maximum value is greater than the termination threshold H, change the position of each of the K particles with the smaller collection rate value to A_best, update the position of M particles, and output A_best as the optical lens group setting parameter; if the maximum value is less than the termination threshold H, continue to update the particle position and other operations until the maximum value is greater than the termination threshold or the maximum number of iterations is reached. S5. Output A_best as the optical lens group setting parameter. Adjust the distance and angle between the reflector and the point light source according to the parameters corresponding to the output A_best.

[0031] In this embodiment, the collection rate function is the ratio of the fluorescence energy received by the fluorescence detector to the total fluorescence energy emitted by the point source. The termination threshold H in this embodiment is fixed, but it can also be dynamically adjusted according to the number of iterations. Based on the fluorescence collection efficiency calculation model, the optical element parameters corresponding to each particle (e.g., the distance and angle of the reflector, the focal length and position of the spherical lens, etc.) are substituted into the calculated model to simulate the process of fluorescence being emitted from the point source, reflected by the reflector, transmitted through the spherical lens, and reaching the detector. The fluorescence-related metric received by the detector is calculated, and then compared with the total emission metric to obtain the collection rate.

[0032] The standard for the collection rate in this embodiment is: sort the collection rates of M particles from smallest to largest, and the K particles at the top are the particles with smaller collection rates.

[0033] In this embodiment, the parameters of the particle swarm optimization algorithm are set as follows: N=100; D=2; T=200; c1=1.5; c2=1.5; Wmax=0.8; Wmin=0.4; Xmax=4; Xmin=-4; Vmax=1; Vmin=-1; x = rand(N,D)*(Xmax-Xmin)+Xmin; v = rand(N,D)*(Vmax-Vmin)+Vmin; Where N is the population size, D is the number of variables to be optimized (in this embodiment, D=2 represents the two variables of distance and angle), T is the maximum number of iterations, c1 and c2 are learning factors, Wmax and Wmin are the maximum and minimum values ​​of inertia weight, Xmax and Xmin are the maximum and minimum values ​​of particle position, Vmax and Vmin are the maximum and minimum values ​​of particle velocity, x is the particle position matrix, and v is the particle velocity matrix.

[0034] This invention uses a particle number optimization algorithm to iteratively optimize the arrangement and parameters of optical lenses, thereby obtaining the optimal arrangement and parameters of reflective devices and spherical lenses, which improves the fluorescence detection efficiency to 2.2 times that of not using optical lens groups.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] It should also be noted that in the description of this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0037] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An atomic fluorescence detection device, characterized in that, The device includes an atomic gas cell, a reflective device, a spherical lens, and a fluorescence detector, wherein, The atomic gas chamber is used for spontaneous emission of atomic fluorescence rays; The reflective device is used to reflect fluorescent rays, so that the fluorescent rays reflected by the reflective device are focused onto the spherical lens; The spherical lens is used to receive reflected fluorescent rays and increase the convergence of fluorescent rays reflected by the reflecting device; The fluorescence detector is used to receive and detect fluorescent rays.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atomic gas chamber, spherical lens, and fluorescence detector are arranged coaxially.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflective device includes a first prismatic right-angle reflector, a second prismatic right-angle reflector, and a rectangular reflector, wherein... The first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector are symmetrically arranged; The center of the rectangular reflector is coaxially aligned with the atomic gas chamber.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a point light source, which is located at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

5. A detection method using the atomic fluorescence detection device according to claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method includes The centers of the atomic gas cell, spherical lens, and fluorescence detector are aligned on a single axis. The fluorescent rays emitted by the atomic gas cell are reflected to the spherical lens by a reflecting device; The convergence of the reflected fluorescent rays is increased by using a spherical lens, and the reflected fluorescent rays are then transmitted to the fluorescence detector. The fluorescence detection efficiency is obtained based on the length of the line segment received on the screen of the fluorescence detector.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method also includes adjusting the reflective device to focus the reflected fluorescent rays onto the spherical lens.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes aligning a rectangular reflector with the central axis of the atomic gas cell and adjusting the distance between the rectangular reflector and the point light source so that the fluorescent rays converge on the spherical lens.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjustment of the reflective device includes adjusting the distance between the first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector and the point light source.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjustment reflective device further includes adjusting the angle between the first prismatic right-angle reflector and the second prismatic right-angle reflector and the point light source in the vertical direction.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rectangular reflector is aligned with the axis of the atomic gas chamber, and the first and second prismatic right-angle reflectors are symmetrically arranged.

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