Compound feed additive for preventing and treating recessive mastitis of female livestock in lactation period and application of compound feed additive

Abstract

The invention relates to a compound feed additive for preventing and treating recessive mastitis of female livestock in the lactation period and application of the compound feed additive, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The compound feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of phyllanthus emblica fruits; 20-40 parts of a Jatropha curcas seed oil cake subjected to detoxification treatment; 15-30 parts of a grass incense overground part; wherein the phyllanthus emblica fruits are dried and crushed mature phyllanthus emblica fruits; the detoxified jatropha curcas seed oil cake is prepared by carrying out ethanol extraction and steam treatment on an oil cake obtained by squeezing jatropha curcas kernels to obtain oil; the overground part of the weed incense is the overground part of the weed incense which is dried in the shade and crushed before the flowering phase. The composite feed additive provided by the invention realizes effective prevention and treatment of recessive mastitis while ensuring availability and economical efficiency of the raw materials, has important meanings for reducing antibiotic dependence and preventing and controlling drug resistance propagation, and accords with the development direction of green and healthy breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of feed additive technology, and in particular to a compound feed additive for preventing and treating subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary glands in mammals, particularly common in dairy cows and other dairy animals, and is one of the most economically damaging diseases in the global dairy industry. Based on clinical symptoms, mastitis can be divided into clinical mastitis and subclinical (subclinical) mastitis. Subclinical mastitis has no obvious external symptoms, only manifesting as elevated somatic cell counts (SCC) and altered milk composition in the milk; however, its incidence is usually much higher than that of clinical mastitis, accounting for over 90% of all mastitis cases. Subclinical mastitis not only leads to decreased milk production and reduced levels of nutrients such as milk fat and protein, but also increases the risk of outbreaks of clinical mastitis, seriously impacting animal welfare and farm profitability.

[0003] A wide variety of pathogens can cause mastitis, primarily including bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli), fungi, and mycoplasma. These pathogens invade breast tissue through the nipple ducts, releasing toxins and triggering a cascade of inflammatory reactions. Staphylococcus aureus readily forms biofilms, evading host immune clearance and antibiotic treatment; Escherichia coli infections often cause acute, severe inflammation; while Streptococcus agalactiae and other streptococcal infections typically present as a chronic or subclinical process.

[0004] Currently, antibiotic treatment remains the primary clinical approach for mastitis. However, long-term use leads to an increase in drug-resistant strains, higher treatment costs, and the risk of drug residues in dairy products, threatening food safety and public health. Therefore, developing safe, effective, and non-antibiotic prevention and treatment products that are less likely to induce drug resistance has become a research hotspot and urgent need in this field.

[0005] Traditional Chinese medicine and other natural plant-based raw materials have attracted widespread attention in the animal health field due to their advantages of low resistance and low residues. Some existing technologies have reported the use of plant extracts or combinations for the prevention and treatment of mastitis. For example, Reference 1 discloses a combination of Bacillus methyltrophicus fermentation broth and Clematis chinensis leaves, while Reference 2 reveals a synergistic antibacterial combination of ursolic acid, isochlorogenic acid, and quercetin. However, these existing technologies either focus on combinations of specific active ingredients or rely on fermentation products from specific strains, and there is still considerable room for improvement in terms of the breadth of raw material sources and cost-effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of antibiotic resistance, drug residues, and high cost and limited availability of some natural product raw materials in the prevention and treatment of subclinical mastitis in lactating animals in existing technologies, this application provides a compound feed additive with widely available and low-cost raw materials, which can effectively prevent and treat subclinical mastitis in lactating animals.

[0007] The compound feed additive for preventing subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals described in this application is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 portions of Phyllanthus emblica fruit; 20-40 portions of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake; 15-30 portions of the above-ground parts of Wild Grass Fragrance; The amla fruit mentioned above is a mature amla fruit that has been dried and pulverized. The detoxified Jatropha seed oil cake is obtained by ethanol extraction and steam treatment of the oil cake after pressing the Jatropha seed kernels for oil extraction. The above-ground parts of the wild grass fragrance are the above-ground parts of the wild grass fragrance before the flowering period, which have been dried in the shade and crushed. When preventing and treating subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals, feed each lactating female animal 40-100g of the compound feed additive described above daily.

[0008] Furthermore, the mature fruit of Phyllanthus emblica is obtained by washing, slicing, drying at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then crushing it through a 40-mesh sieve. The detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake is prepared by the following method: the oil cake after pressing the Jatropha curcas kernels to extract oil is crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. An ethanol solution with a mass concentration of 70%-85% is added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8-12. The mixture is stirred and extracted at 50-65℃ for 2-3 hours. After filtration, the filter residue is washed with water until neutral. Then, it is treated under steam conditions at a pressure of 0.1-0.15 MPa and a temperature of 105-115℃ for 45-60 minutes. Finally, it is dried, crushed, and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the product. The above-ground parts of the wild grass fragrance are harvested before the flowering period of wild grass fragrance, dried in the shade, and then crushed and passed through a 30-mesh sieve.

[0009] Further, it is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit, 25-35 parts of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake, and 20-30 parts of the above-ground parts of Citrus aurantium.

[0010] Furthermore, it is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit, 30 parts of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake, and 25 parts of the above-ground parts of Citrus aurantium.

[0011] Furthermore, the lactating female animal is a dairy cow, dairy goat, or sow.

[0012] This application also provides the use of the aforementioned compound feed additive in the preparation of feed or veterinary drugs for the prevention or treatment of subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals.

[0013] The mechanism of action of this application: Subclinical mastitis begins with pathogenic microorganisms invading the mammary gland through the nipple ducts. This additive, through the direct and indirect antibacterial effects of its combined components, after absorption and transport in the digestive tract, may create a microenvironment unfavorable to the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the local mammary tissue through the circulatory system.

[0014] The phenolic acids such as gallic acid and ellagic acid contained in Phyllanthus emblica fruit have been shown in several in vitro studies to have a clear inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The mechanism may be related to interfering with bacterial energy metabolism and disrupting cell membrane integrity.

[0015] Characteristic volatile oil components in wild herbs (such as geranium ketone) have been reported to have broad-spectrum antibacterial properties in traditional pharmacology and limited modern research.

[0016] Substances that may be retained in Jatropha curcas seeds after specific processing exhibit inhibitory activity against some bacteria and fungi under in vitro conditions.

[0017] When multiple secondary metabolites (such as phenols, terpenes, and alkaloids) from three different raw material sources are mixed, their antibacterial effects are synergistic, thereby reducing the effective dose requirement of any single component and effectively broadening the antibacterial spectrum. This provides a material basis for reducing the initial load of major pathogenic bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) in the mammary gland.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application are: 1. Unlike existing technologies that rely on a single active ingredient (such as a specific organic acid) or fermentation products from specific strains (such as in references 1 and 2), this application is the first to creatively combine Phyllanthus emblica fruit, Jatropha curcas seed oil cake detoxified through a specific process, and the aerial parts of Citrus aurantium. This combination makes full use of local plant resources and agricultural processing by-products. The raw materials are readily available and the cost is significantly lower than that of high-purity extracts or fermented products. While ensuring the availability and economy of raw materials, it achieves effective prevention and treatment of subclinical mastitis.

[0019] 2. Animal experiments have confirmed that this additive, at the recommended dosage, has clinical prevention and treatment effects comparable to conventional antibiotic therapy. It is of great significance for reducing antibiotic dependence and preventing the spread of drug resistance, which is in line with the development direction of green and healthy breeding.

[0020] 3. This application transforms Jatropha curcas seed oil cake (a biodiesel byproduct), which was originally restricted due to its toxicity, into a safe and feedable functional raw material through a specific "ethanol extraction-steam treatment" process. This not only provides a new source of active substances for the prevention and treatment of mastitis, but also opens up a feasible path for the resource utilization of such agricultural waste, which has good environmental significance and industrial chain extension value. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the examples. While embodiments of this application are shown in the examples, it should be understood that this application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0022] Example 1 Preparation of virus-free Jatropha curcas seed oil cake: 10.0 kg of oil cake from the pressed kernels of Jatropha curcas was pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. 100 L of 75% ethanol solution (material-to-liquid ratio 1:10) was added, and the mixture was extracted at 60℃ with constant stirring for 2.5 hours. The mixture was filtered, and the residue was collected. Another 80 L of 75% ethanol solution was added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted again at 60℃ with stirring for 2 hours. The residue was then filtered. The extracted residue was thoroughly washed with running water until the pH of the washing liquid was neutral (approximately pH 6.8-7.2). The washed wet residue was placed in a steam treatment tank and treated with saturated steam at 0.12 MPa and 110℃ for 50 minutes. The treated material was then dried at 70℃ with forced air until the moisture content was ≤12%, pulverized, and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain approximately 6.8 kg of virus-free Jatropha curcas seed oil cake powder. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the phorbol ester content was <2.0 mg / kg, meeting feed safety requirements.

[0023] Preparation of Phyllanthus emblica fruit: Take mature Phyllanthus emblica fruits from Yunnan, wash them, slice them, dry them in a 55℃ oven until the moisture content is 8.5%, pulverize them and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve, and set them aside.

[0024] Preparation of the above-ground parts of wild herb: Harvest before flowering, wash and air dry, then grind and pass through a 30-mesh sieve for later use.

[0025] Comparative Example 1 The compound feed additive in Comparative Example 1 was made solely from the detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake and Phyllanthus emblica fruit prepared in Example 1.

[0026] Comparative Example 2 The compound feed additive in Comparative Example 2 was made solely from the detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake and the above-ground parts of the wild grass, as prepared in Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 3 The compound feed additive in Comparative Example 3 was made solely from the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica and the above-ground parts of Citrus aurantium obtained in Example 1.

[0028] Example 2 (Additive Testing Experiment) Experimental animals: Lactating dairy cows located in Dali, Yunnan were selected (150 dairy cows with similar parity, similar milk production and lactation period were selected, and all of them had subclinical mastitis). They were divided into groups A, B, C, D, E, F (experimental group), control group 1, control group 2 and comparative group 1, comparative group 2 and comparative group 3, with 15 cows in each group.

[0029] Experimental treatment method: The basal diet of each group was kept unchanged at the original diet level and the management level was consistent. The compound additive shown in Example 1 was added to the diet of the experimental group. The specific addition is shown in Table 1 below. The control group was not added.

[0030] Table 1 The experiment lasted for 30 days and was divided into three stages: 0d, 15d, and 30d. At each stage, the number of sick cows was measured, milk production was recorded, and blood samples were collected to test immune indicators. The results are shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4.

[0031] Table 2 Table 2 shows that the compositions in experimental groups A, B, C, D, and E all exhibited significant preventive and therapeutic effects against subclinical mastitis in dairy cows compared to the blank control group 1. After 30 days of continuous feeding, the average cure rate for subclinical mastitis was 83.75%. However, the cure rate in experimental group F was only 25%, possibly related to the lower daily dosage. Comparative examples 1, 2, and 3 showed some effect on the cure of subclinical mastitis, but the cure rate was significantly weaker than that of the experimental groups.

[0032] Table 3 The data in Table 3 show that the compositions in experimental groups A, B, C, D, and E all increased the average milk yield of lactating dairy cows by an average of 1.2 kg / d. The blank control group 1 remained essentially unchanged, while the antibiotic group resulted in a decrease in milk yield of 3.44 kg / d. The effect of experimental group F on milk yield was negligible due to the small daily dosage. Comparative examples 1, 2, and 3 showed some promotion of milk yield, but the effect was significantly weaker than that of the experimental groups.

[0033] Table 4 Table 4 shows that the compositions in experimental groups A, B, C, D, and E all increased the level of immunoglobulin IgG in the blood, while the levels of immunoglobulin IgG in the control groups (both the blank control group and the antibiotic group) remained essentially unchanged compared to the initial conditions. Similarly, experimental group F, due to its lower daily dosage, had a relatively weaker effect on increasing immunoglobulin IgG levels in the blood. Furthermore, comparative examples 1, 2, and 3 showed some effect on increasing immunoglobulin IgG levels in the blood, but the effect was significantly weaker than that in the experimental groups.

[0034] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A compound feed additive for preventing and treating subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals, characterized in that: Made from the following parts by weight of raw materials: 30-50 portions of Phyllanthus emblica fruit; 20-40 portions of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake; 15-30 portions of the above-ground parts of Wild Grass Fragrance; The amla fruit mentioned above is a mature amla fruit that has been dried and pulverized. The detoxified Jatropha seed oil cake is obtained by ethanol extraction and steam treatment of the oil cake after pressing the Jatropha seed kernels for oil extraction. The above-ground parts of the wild grass fragrance are the above-ground parts of the wild grass fragrance before the flowering period, which have been dried in the shade and crushed. When preventing and treating subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals, feed each lactating female animal 40-100g of the compound feed additive described above daily.

2. The compound feed additive for preventing subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mature fruit of Phyllanthus emblica is obtained by washing, slicing, drying at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content is less than 10%, and then crushing it through a 40-mesh sieve. The detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake is prepared by the following method: the oil cake after pressing the Jatropha curcas kernels to extract oil is crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. An ethanol solution with a mass concentration of 70%-85% is added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8-12. The mixture is stirred and extracted at 50-65℃ for 2-3 hours. After filtration, the filter residue is washed with water until neutral. Then, it is treated under steam conditions at a pressure of 0.1-0.15 MPa and a temperature of 105-115℃ for 45-60 minutes. Finally, it is dried, crushed, and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the product. The above-ground parts of the wild grass fragrance are harvested before the flowering period of wild grass fragrance, dried in the shade, and then crushed and passed through a 30-mesh sieve.

3. The compound feed additive for preventing subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit, 25-35 parts of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake, and 20-30 parts of the above-ground parts of Citrus aurantium.

4. A compound feed additive for preventing subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals according to claim 3, characterized in that, It is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of Phyllanthus emblica fruit, 30 parts of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed oil cake, and 25 parts of the above-ground parts of Citrus aurantium.

5. A compound feed additive for preventing subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The lactating female animals referred to are dairy cows, dairy sheep, or sows.

6. The use of the compound feed additive as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of feed or veterinary drugs for the prevention or treatment of subclinical mastitis in lactating female animals.

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