Construction progress plan compiling method based on BIM (Building Information Modeling)

Abstract

The invention relates to a BIM-based construction progress plan compiling method, and belongs to the technical field of engineering management. The BIM-based construction progress plan compiling method comprises the steps of building a BIM model, dividing a structure, importing a WBS file, setting a standard operation template, setting a team quota, formulating a preliminary plan, determining a project key path, balancing resource configuration and compiling a construction progress plan. According to the BIM-based construction progress plan compiling method, reasonable allocation of resources is ensured by setting a standard operation sample plate and team quota and calculating work efficiency and resource occupation data, resource waste and construction period delay are avoided, the advantages of the BIM technology are fully exerted through cooperation of the BIM technology and the progress plan compiling platform, and the construction progress plan compiling method is suitable for popularization and application. The method is not only suitable for a small-volume project, but also capable of greatly improving the construction progress management level of a large-volume building engineering project.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of engineering management, and particularly relates to a construction progress plan compilation method based on BIM. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous expansion and increasing complexity of the scale of construction projects, construction progress management has become the most critical part of construction project management.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese invention patent CN113032872B provides a fabricated building progress plan comprehensive resource management and control method based on BIM technology, which adjusts the curve generated by the linear progress plan to ensure that the process and resources do not overlap or interrupt in the same time period. In this patent, although the progress of the process and the use of resources do not conflict in time, the rationality of resource allocation is not considered. It can be applied in the case of small project volume, but for large volume projects, the process is complex, the resources are numerous, and the balance and rationality of resource allocation are also very important. Otherwise, it will cause resource waste and even delay the construction period. Therefore, the patent does not fully utilize the advantages of BIM technology.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a construction progress plan compilation method based on BIM is a technical problem that needs to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the application provides a construction progress plan compilation method based on BIM, which sets standard operation templates and team quotas, calculates work efficiency and resource occupation data, ensures rational allocation of resources, avoids resource waste and delays in construction period, and fully utilizes the advantages of BIM technology through cooperation between BIM technology and the progress plan compilation platform. It is not only suitable for small volume projects, but also can improve the construction progress management level of large volume construction projects.

[0006] The application provides a construction progress plan compilation method based on BIM, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Establishing a BIM model: establishing a BIM model of the project according to the project design drawings;

[0008] Structural division: performing structural division on the BIM model to generate a WBS file;

[0009] Importing the WBS file: importing the WBS file into the progress plan compilation platform and determining the logical relationship of each sub-project in the WBS file;

[0010] Setting standard operation template: dividing each sub-item project into multiple standard operation segments, setting standard operation template through progress plan compilation platform, the standard operation template including operation content and operation sequence of standard operation; determining logical relationship of each operation sequence, perfecting setting of standard operation template;

[0011] Setting team quota: setting team quota through progress plan compilation platform, calculating work efficiency and resource occupation data in each team quota, and assigning each team quota to standard operation template;

[0012] Making preliminary plan: setting flow construction sequence for sub-item projects containing multiple standard segment operation segments; setting construction plan according to logical relationship of each sub-item project in WBS file and standard operation template; making preliminary plan according to construction plan and flow construction sequence;

[0013] Determining project critical path: obtaining project critical operation set by using CPM critical path method, and determining critical path of the project in the preliminary plan;

[0014] Balancing resource allocation: obtaining optimal resource allocation of the preliminary plan by using resource balancing algorithm;

[0015] Compiling construction progress plan: compiling construction progress plan in combination with critical path and optimal resource allocation.

[0016] The technical solution sets standard operation template and team quota, calculates work efficiency and resource occupation data, ensures reasonable allocation of resources, avoids waste of resources and delay of construction period; determines critical path of the project and optimal resource allocation by using CPM critical path method and resource balancing algorithm, which can effectively avoid waste of resources and ensure efficiency of construction plan to prevent delay of construction period.

[0017] In some embodiments, the BIM-based construction progress plan compilation method further includes:

[0018] Optimizing construction progress plan: simulating construction process by using BIM technology, optimizing and adjusting construction progress plan in combination with actual construction requirements, and modifying standard operation template if necessary. The technical solution can optimize and adjust construction progress plan, and ensure rationality and feasibility of the construction plan.

[0019] In some embodiments, the step of optimizing construction progress plan further includes: predicting actual construction progress according to actual construction situation, warning for operation not meeting construction progress plan, and optimizing and adjusting operation with warning. The technical solution ensures real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of construction progress, and improves accuracy and flexibility of construction plan.

[0020] In some embodiments, in the step of determining the project critical path, the step of obtaining the set of critical activities of the project by using the CPM critical path method comprises:

[0021] The forward calculation of the earliest finish time: according to the time when the current activity can start after the completion of the immediately preceding activity, the earliest finish time of the current activity is calculated by using formula (1), and the expression of formula (1) is:

[0022] EF = ES + current activity duration - 1 (1);

[0023] In formula (1), ES is the earliest start time of the current activity, and EF is the earliest finish time of the current activity.

[0024] The reverse calculation of the latest time: according to the latest start time of the current activity under the premise of not delaying the project completion date, the latest finish time of the current activity is calculated by using formula (2), and the expression of formula (2) is:

[0025] LF = LS - current activity duration + 1 (2);

[0026] In formula (2), LS is the latest start time of the current activity, and LF is the latest finish time of the current activity.

[0027] Determination of critical activities: the total float time of the current activity is calculated by using formula (3), and the critical activities are determined according to the total float time to form a set of critical activities, and the expression of formula (3) is:

[0028] TF = LF - EF (3);

[0029] In formula (3), TF is the total float time of the current activity.

[0030] The technical solution ensures accurate identification and management of the project critical path, thereby optimizing project schedule control and reducing delay risks.

[0031] In some embodiments, when determining the critical activities according to the total float time, by default, the activities with a total float time less than or equal to zero are selected as the critical activities; in large and complex projects, the activities with a total float time less than or equal to 15 days are selected as the critical activities. The selection of critical activities according to the size of the project can improve the accuracy of the critical path.

[0032] In some embodiments, in the step of balancing resource allocation, the resource balancing algorithm uses a two-dimensional rectangular packing algorithm as a basic mathematical model and uses a constraint programming method to obtain the optimal resource allocation. The technical solution scientifically applies the theory of operations research to the preparation of construction progress plans, which can ensure the optimization of resource allocation and reduce resource waste.

[0033] In some embodiments, a two-dimensional rectangular packing algorithm is applied as a basic mathematical model, where the rectangle represents a job, the horizontal axis represents the number of resources occupied by the job, and the vertical axis represents the job time required by the job; a resource upper limit is set according to the total amount of resources, and the resource allocation scheme with the smallest vertical axis coordinate in the top segment of each rectangular job that meets the resource upper limit is taken as the optimal resource allocation.

[0034] In some embodiments, the work efficiency calculation of the team quota includes two calculation methods of team work efficiency and resource work efficiency; wherein, the team work efficiency refers to the total work efficiency of a fixed job team, and the resource allocation is fixed, which is suitable for the case where the job team configuration is relatively fixed; the resource work efficiency is only the average work efficiency of the resource that is the decisive factor in the team, and the total work efficiency of the overall job team is calculated from the resource work efficiency and the resource quantity, which is suitable for the case where the job team configuration is fixed. The technical solution ensures the accuracy of work efficiency evaluation under different job team configurations through the two calculation methods.

[0035] In some embodiments, different calculation methods of team quota work efficiency correspond to different balanced resource allocation methods:

[0036] When the work efficiency calculation of the team quota adopts the team work efficiency, the team is calculated as a whole job during the balanced resource allocation, without interfering with the resource allocation within the team, and only the reasonable planning of construction break time is used to reduce the idle work during the balancing process;

[0037] When the work efficiency calculation of the team quota adopts the resource work efficiency, the construction break time is reasonably planned, and the resource allocation within the team is adjusted during the balanced resource allocation.

[0038] The technical solution can ensure the rationality and efficiency of resource allocation under different construction scenarios, thereby reducing the idle work phenomenon.

[0039] In some embodiments, the logical relationship includes four types of FS, FF, SS, and SF, wherein FS means that the next job can start only after the previous job is completed; FF means that the next job can be completed only after the previous job is completed; SS means that the next job can start only after the previous job starts; and SF means that the next job can be completed only after the previous job starts. The technical solution ensures the clear and explicit dependency relationship between jobs through the four logical relationships of FS, FF, SS, and SF.

[0040] Based on the above scheme, the BIM-based construction progress planning method in the embodiment of the present application, by setting the standard operation template and the team quota, calculates the work efficiency and resource occupation data, ensures the reasonable allocation of resources, avoids resource waste and delay of construction period; using the CPM critical path method and the resource balance algorithm, the critical path and the optimal resource allocation of the project are determined, which can effectively avoid resource waste and ensure the efficiency of the construction plan to prevent delay of construction period. In summary, the BIM-based construction progress planning method provided in the embodiment of the present application, through the cooperation of BIM technology and the progress planning platform, fully utilizes the advantages of BIM technology, which is not only suitable for small volume projects, but also can improve the construction progress management level of large volume construction projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 Flow chart of the BIM-based construction progress planning method of the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 BIM model in the embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 3 WBS file in the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 4 Standard operation template setting in the embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 5 Team quota setting in the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 6 CPM critical path method calculation process in the embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 7 Resource balance algorithm schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 8 Construction progress plan in the embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 9 Optimized construction progress plan in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the BIM-based construction schedule preparation method of the present invention, the BIM-based construction schedule preparation method includes the following steps:

[0053] Create a BIM model: Based on the project design drawings, create a BIM model of the project;

[0054] Structural partitioning: The BIM model is structurally partitioned to generate a WBS file;

[0055] Importing WBS Files: Import the WBS file into the schedule planning platform and determine the logical relationships between the various sub-projects in the WBS file;

[0056] Set up standard operation templates: Divide each sub-project into multiple standard operation segments, set up standard operation templates through the schedule planning platform, and the standard operation templates include the work content and work sequence of the standard operations; determine the logical relationship of each work sequence, and improve the setting of standard operation templates;

[0057] Set up work group quotas: Set up work group quotas through the schedule planning platform, calculate the work efficiency and resource consumption data in each work group quota, and assign each work group quota to a standard operation template;

[0058] Develop a preliminary plan: For sub-projects that include multiple standard work sections, establish a sequential construction sequence; simultaneously, based on the logical relationships of each sub-project and standard work templates in the WBS document, develop a construction plan; and based on the construction plan and the sequential construction sequence, develop a preliminary plan.

[0059] Determine the critical path of the project: Use the Critical Path Method (CPM) to obtain the set of critical tasks for the project and determine the critical path of the project in the preliminary plan;

[0060] Balanced resource allocation: Using resource balancing algorithms, the optimal resource allocation for the preliminary plan is obtained;

[0061] Develop a construction schedule: Develop a construction schedule based on the critical path and optimal resource allocation.

[0062] In the above exemplary embodiment, the BIM-based construction progress planning method, by setting the standard operation template and the team quota, calculates the work efficiency and resource occupation data, ensures the reasonable allocation of resources, avoids resource waste and delays the construction period; using the CPM critical path method and the resource balance algorithm, the critical path and the optimal resource allocation of the project are determined, which can effectively avoid resource waste and ensure the efficiency of the construction plan to prevent delays in the construction period. In summary, the BIM-based construction progress planning method provided in the embodiment of the present application, through the cooperation of BIM technology and the progress planning platform, fully utilizes the advantages of BIM technology, which is not only suitable for small-scale projects, but also can improve the construction progress management level of large-scale construction projects.

[0063] It should be noted that the team quota is to standardize the resource allocation, average work efficiency, and engineering quantity indicators of the minimum operation team, and compile a series of production quota-like data for engineering quantity, work efficiency, and operation time conversion. The standard operation template refers to the standard section construction process with consistent operation content and operation sequence.

[0064] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 The BIM-based construction progress planning method further comprises:

[0065] Optimizing the construction progress plan: using BIM technology to simulate the construction process, combining with the actual construction requirements, the construction progress plan is optimized and adjusted, and the standard operation template is modified if necessary, to realize batch modification of the construction progress plan. By using BIM technology to simulate the construction process and combining with the actual construction requirements, the construction progress plan is optimized and adjusted, ensuring the rationality and feasibility of the construction plan, thereby improving the construction efficiency, reducing resource waste, and further ensuring the smooth completion of the project.

[0066] Further, the step of optimizing the construction progress plan further comprises: predicting the actual construction progress according to the actual construction situation, warning for the operation that does not conform to the construction progress plan, and optimizing and adjusting the operation that exists warning. By predicting the construction progress according to the actual construction situation and warning and optimizing and adjusting the operation that does not conform to the plan, the real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the construction progress are ensured, the accuracy and flexibility of the construction plan are improved, thereby effectively reducing the risk of delay and ensuring the smooth progress of the project.

[0067] In some embodiments, in the step of determining the critical path of the project, the step of obtaining the critical operation set of the project by using the CPM critical path method comprises:

[0068] Forward calculation of the earliest completion time: according to the time when the current operation can start after the completion of the immediately preceding operation, the earliest completion time of the current operation is calculated by using formula (1), and the expression of formula (1) is:

[0069] EF = ES + current job duration - 1 (1);

[0070] In formula (1), ES is the earliest start time of the current job, and EF is the earliest finish time of the current job.

[0071] Backward calculation of the latest time: according to the latest start time of the current job under the premise of not delaying the project completion date, the latest finish time of the current job is calculated by using formula (2), and the expression of formula (2) is:

[0072] LF = LS - current job duration + 1 (2);

[0073] In formula (2), LS is the latest start time of the current job, and LF is the latest finish time of the current job.

[0074] Determination of critical jobs: the total float of the current job is calculated by using formula (3), and the critical jobs are determined according to the total float to form a critical job set, and the expression of formula (3) is:

[0075] TF = LF - EF (3);

[0076] In formula (3), TF is the total float of the current job.

[0077] In the above illustrative embodiments, by calculating the total float and determining the critical job set by using the CPM critical path method, the accurate identification and management of the project critical path are ensured, thereby optimizing the project schedule control, reducing the delay risk, and improving the reliability of the construction schedule plan.

[0078] In some embodiments, when determining the critical jobs according to the total float, by default, the jobs with a total float less than or equal to zero are selected as the critical jobs; in large and complex projects, the jobs with a total float less than or equal to 15 days are selected as the critical jobs. The selection of critical jobs according to the project size can improve the accuracy of the critical path.

[0079] In some embodiments, in the resource balancing step, the resource balancing algorithm uses the two-dimensional rectangular packing algorithm as the basic mathematical model and uses the constraint programming method to obtain the optimal resource allocation. By applying the two-dimensional rectangular packing algorithm and the constraint programming, the operational research theory is scientifically applied to the preparation of the construction schedule plan, which can ensure the optimization of resource allocation, reduce resource waste, improve resource utilization efficiency, and thus effectively ensure the smooth progress and timely completion of the project.

[0080] In some embodiments, as Figure 7As shown, when a two-dimensional rectangular packing algorithm is applied as a basic mathematical model, a rectangle represents a job, the horizontal axis represents the number of resources occupied by the job, and the vertical axis represents the job time required by the job; according to the total amount of resources, the upper limit of the resources is set, and the resource allocation scheme with the smallest vertical axis coordinate of the top segment of each rectangular job that meets the upper limit of the resources is taken as the optimal resource allocation.

[0081] In some embodiments, the ergonomics calculation of the team quota includes two calculation methods of team ergonomics and resource ergonomics; wherein, the team ergonomics refers to the total ergonomics of a fixed work team, the resource allocation is fixed, and is suitable for the case where the work team configuration is relatively fixed; the resource ergonomics is only the average ergonomics of the resource that is a decisive factor in the team, and the total ergonomics of the overall work team is calculated from the resource ergonomics and the resource quantity, and is suitable for the case where the work team configuration is fixed. Through the two calculation methods, the accuracy of ergonomics evaluation under different work team configuration conditions is ensured.

[0082] In some embodiments, different calculation methods of team quota ergonomics correspond to different balanced resource allocation methods:

[0083] When the ergonomics calculation of the team quota adopts team ergonomics, the team is calculated as a whole during balanced resource allocation, without interfering with the resource allocation within the team, and only the reasonable planning of construction break time is used to reduce the idle work during the balancing process; this calculation method is more common in road and bridge construction, such as pile foundation construction and lower structure construction;

[0084] When the ergonomics calculation of the team quota adopts resource ergonomics, the construction break time is reasonably planned, and the resource allocation within the team is adjusted during balanced resource allocation; this calculation method is more common in large and complex structure construction, such as ship lock construction and large water plant construction.

[0085] In the above illustrative embodiments, the corresponding balanced resource allocation method is selected according to the different calculation methods of team quota ergonomics, ensuring the rationality and efficiency of resource allocation under different construction scenarios, thereby reducing the idle work phenomenon, improving the construction efficiency, and ensuring the reasonable compactness of the construction progress plan.

[0086] In some embodiments, the logical relationship includes four types of FS, FF, SS, and SF, wherein, FS means that after the completion of the previous job, the next job can start; FF means that after the completion of the previous job, the next job can be completed; SS means that after the start of the previous job, the next job can start; SF means that after the start of the previous job, the next job can be completed. Through the four logical relationships of FS, FF, SS, and SF, the dependency relationship between jobs is clear and explicit, thereby optimizing the preparation and execution of the construction plan, reducing the risk of job conflict and delay, and improving the efficiency and accuracy of preparing the construction progress plan.

[0087] Further, the logical relationship further comprises a delay development, and the delay development comprises a positive delay and a negative delay. The positive delay means that a subsequent operation starts after a certain time period after completion or start of a preceding operation; for example, if operation A is completed and operation B cannot be started until 2 days later, then the 2 days are the positive delay. The negative delay means that a subsequent operation starts before a certain time period before completion or start of a preceding operation; for example, if operation A is completed and operation B can be started 2 days before, then the 2 days are the negative delay. Through the positive delay and the negative delay, the flexibility and operability of the construction progress plan are enhanced, various situations in actual construction can be better adapted to, and thus the overall coordination and smooth progress of the project are improved.

[0088] In some embodiments, the P6 or Project file data form is selected for exporting the construction progress plan. Similarly, the P6 or Project file data form can be imported to realize data communication with P6 and Project. Through selection of the P6 or Project file data form, the compatibility of the construction progress plan and the convenience of data exchange are ensured, and thus the efficiency and accuracy of project management are improved.

[0089] The BIM-based construction progress plan preparation method of the present application is described below in combination with the bridge project in Embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:

[0090] (1) Establishing a BIM model: a BIM model of the project is established according to project design drawings; the BIM model in this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 1; Figure 2

[0091] (2) Structure division: the BIM model is subjected to structure division to generate a WBS file; the WBS file in this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 2; Figure 3

[0092] (3) Importing the WBS file: the WBS file is imported into a progress plan preparation platform, and the logical relationship of each subproject in the WBS file is determined;

[0093] (4) Setting a standard operation template: each subproject is divided into a plurality of standard operation sections, a standard operation template is set through the progress plan preparation platform, the standard operation template comprises operation content and operation sequence of the standard operation, the logical relationship of each operation sequence is determined, and the setting of the standard operation template is perfected; the setting of the standard operation template in this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 3; Figure 4

[0094] (5) Setting a team quota: a team quota is set through the progress plan preparation platform, work efficiency and resource occupation data in each team quota are calculated, and each team quota is assigned to the standard operation template; the setting of the team quota in this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 4; Figure 5 ​​​​

[0095] (6) making a preliminary plan: for the sub-projects containing multiple standard segment operation segments, setting the flow construction sequence; at the same time, setting the construction plan according to the logical relationship of each sub-project in the WBS file and the standard operation template; according to the construction plan and the flow construction sequence, making a preliminary plan;

[0096] (7) determining the project critical path: using the CPM critical path method, obtaining the project critical operation set, and determining the project critical path in the preliminary plan; the steps of using the CPM critical path method to obtain the project critical operation set include:

[0097] forward calculation of the earliest completion time: according to the time when the current operation can start after the completion of the immediately preceding operation, using formula (1) to forward the earliest completion time of the current operation, the expression of formula (1) is:

[0098] EF = ES + current operation duration - 1 (1);

[0099] In formula (1), ES is the earliest start time of the current operation, and EF is the earliest completion time of the current operation;

[0100] backward calculation of the latest time: according to the latest start time of the current operation under the premise of not delaying the project completion date, using formula (2) to backward calculate the latest completion time of the current operation, the expression of formula (2) is:

[0101] LF = LS - current operation duration + 1 (2);

[0102] In formula (2), LS is the latest start time of the current operation, and LF is the latest completion time of the current operation;

[0103] determining the critical operation: using formula (3) to calculate the total float time of the current operation, and selecting the operation with total float time less than or equal to zero as the critical operation to form the critical operation set, the expression of formula (3) is:

[0104] TF = LF - EF (3);

[0105] In formula (3), TF is the total float time of the current operation; the CPM critical path method calculation process in the embodiment is as shown in Figure 6 ;

[0106] (8) Balance resource configuration: use resource balance algorithm to obtain optimal resource configuration of preliminary plan; resource balance algorithm uses two-dimensional rectangular packing algorithm as a basic mathematical model, and uses constraint programming to obtain optimal resource configuration; when two-dimensional rectangular packing algorithm is used as a basic mathematical model, the rectangle represents a job, the horizontal axis represents the resource quantity occupied by the job, and the vertical axis represents the job time required by the job; according to the total amount of resources, set the resource upper limit, and the resource configuration scheme with the smallest vertical axis coordinate of the top segment of each rectangular job that meets the resource upper limit is taken as the optimal resource configuration; the resource balance algorithm in the embodiment is as shown in Figure 7

[0107] (9) Draw up construction progress plan: draw up construction progress plan in combination with critical path and optimal resource configuration; the construction progress plan in the embodiment is as shown in Figure 8

[0108] (10) Optimize construction progress plan: simulate construction process by using BIM technology, optimize and adjust construction progress plan in combination with actual construction requirements, and modify standard job template if necessary; the optimized construction progress plan in the embodiment is as shown in Figure 9

[0109] Through the description of the multiple embodiments of the construction progress plan preparation method based on BIM, it can be seen that the construction progress plan preparation method based on BIM has at least one or more of the following advantages:

[0110] 1. The construction progress plan preparation method based on BIM provided by the application sets standard job templates and team quotas, calculates work efficiency and resource occupation data, ensures reasonable allocation of resources, and avoids resource waste and delay of construction period.

[0111] 2. The construction progress plan preparation method based on BIM provided by the application uses CPM critical path method and resource balance algorithm to determine the critical path and optimal resource configuration of the project, which can effectively avoid resource waste and ensure the efficiency of the construction plan to prevent delay of construction period.

[0112] 3. The construction progress plan preparation method based on BIM provided by the application fully utilizes the advantages of BIM technology through the cooperation of BIM technology and progress plan preparation platform, which is not only suitable for small-scale projects, but also can improve the construction progress management level of large-scale construction projects.

[0113] ​​​Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0114] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a construction schedule based on BIM, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Create a BIM model: Based on the project design drawings, create a BIM model of the project; Structural partitioning: The BIM model is structurally partitioned to generate a WBS file; Importing WBS Files: Import the WBS file into the schedule planning platform and determine the logical relationships between the various sub-projects in the WBS file; Set up standard operation templates: Divide each sub-project into multiple standard operation sections, and set up standard operation templates through the schedule planning platform. The standard operation templates include the work content and work sequence of the standard operations. Determine the logical relationship between the sequence of tasks and improve the setting of standard operating procedure templates; Set up work group quotas: Set up work group quotas through the schedule planning platform, calculate the work efficiency and resource consumption data in each work group quota, and assign each work group quota to a standard operation template; Develop a preliminary plan: For sub-projects that include multiple standard work sections, establish a sequential construction sequence; simultaneously, based on the logical relationships of each sub-project and standard work templates in the WBS document, develop a construction plan; and based on the construction plan and the sequential construction sequence, develop a preliminary plan. Determine the critical path of the project: Use the Critical Path Method (CPM) to obtain the set of critical tasks for the project and determine the critical path of the project in the preliminary plan; Balanced resource allocation: Using resource balancing algorithms, the optimal resource allocation for the preliminary plan is obtained; Develop a construction schedule: Develop a construction schedule based on the critical path and optimal resource allocation.

2. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Optimize the construction schedule: Use BIM technology to simulate the construction process, combine it with actual construction requirements, optimize and adjust the construction schedule, and modify the standard operation templates when necessary.

3. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps to optimize the construction schedule also include: predicting the actual construction progress based on the actual construction situation, issuing warnings for operations that do not conform to the construction schedule, and optimizing and adjusting the operations with warnings.

4. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the process of determining the critical path of a project, the steps to obtain the set of critical tasks using the Critical Path Method (CPM) include: Calculating the earliest completion time by looking ahead: Based on the time when the current job can start after its immediate predecessor job is completed, the earliest completion time of the current job is estimated using formula (1). The expression of formula (1) is: EF = ES + current job duration - 1 (1); In equation (1), ES is the earliest start time of the current job, and EF is the earliest finish time of the current job; Calculating the latest time by reverse calculation: Based on the latest start time of the current task without delaying the project completion date, the latest completion time of the current task is calculated by reverse calculation using formula (2). The expression of formula (2) is: LF = LS - current job duration + 1 (2); In equation (2), LS is the latest start time of the current job, and LF is the latest finish time of the current job; Determine critical tasks: Calculate the total float time of the current task using formula (3), and determine the critical tasks based on the total float time to form a set of critical tasks. The expression of formula (3) is as follows: TF = LF - EF (3); In equation (3), TF is the total float time of the current job.

5. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When determining critical jobs based on total float time, jobs with a total float time of less than or equal to zero are selected as critical jobs by default; in large and complex projects, jobs with a total float time of less than or equal to 15 days are selected as critical jobs.

6. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the resource balancing step, the resource balancing algorithm uses the two-dimensional rectangular bin packing algorithm as the basic mathematical model and employs constrained programming to find the optimal resource allocation.

7. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When applying the two-dimensional rectangular bin packing algorithm as the basic mathematical model, the rectangle represents the job, the horizontal axis represents the amount of resources occupied by the job, and the vertical axis represents the job time required by the job. Set a resource cap based on the total amount of resources, and select the resource allocation scheme with the smallest vertical coordinate among the top segments of each rectangular operation that meets the resource cap as the optimal resource allocation.

8. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of work efficiency in work group quotas includes two methods: work group efficiency and resource efficiency. Work group efficiency refers to the total efficiency of a fixed work group with fixed resource allocation, which is suitable for situations where the work group configuration is relatively fixed. Resource efficiency is the average efficiency of resources that play a decisive role in the work group. The total efficiency of the entire work group is calculated from the resource efficiency and the quantity of resources, which is suitable for situations where the work group configuration is fixed.

9. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Different calculation methods for work team quota efficiency correspond to different resource allocation balance methods: When the work efficiency calculation of the work group quota adopts the work group efficiency, when balancing resource allocation, the work group is calculated as a whole operation, without interfering with the resource allocation within the work group. During the balancing process, only the reasonable planning of construction interval time is used to reduce idle work. When the work efficiency calculation of the work team quota adopts the resource efficiency, the construction interval time should be reasonably planned when balancing resource allocation, and the resource allocation within the work team should be adjusted at the same time.

10. The BIM-based construction schedule preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Logical relationships include four types: FS, FF, SS, and SF. FS means that the next job can only start after the previous job is completed; FF means that the next job can only be completed after the previous job is completed; SS means that the next job can only start after the previous job has started; and SF means that the next job can only be completed after the previous job has started.

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