Soil microbial remediation method for continuous cropping obstacles of gerbera jamesonii

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil microbial remediation method for continuous cropping obstacles of gerbera jamesonii, and belongs to the technical field of flower cultivation. Comprising the following steps: ploughing soil after cleaning a garden; mixing the compound microbial agent and the decomposed organic fertilizer according to a specific ratio to prepare a biological organic fertilizer; uniformly applying into soil and uniformly mixing; after proper humidity is kept, mulching film covering and greenhouse closing treatment are conducted for 15-25 days; and after film uncovering and ventilation, planting new-stubble gerbera jamesonii. The compound microbial agent comprises functional microorganisms such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas fluorescens. According to the method, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of the gerbera jamesonii is fundamentally solved by reconstructing healthy soil microbial communities, degrading autotoxic substances, inhibiting soil-borne pathogenic bacteria and improving the soil structure, and unlimited continuous planting is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of research technology on gerbera continuous cropping obstacles, specifically, it relates to a soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacles. Background Technology

[0002] Gerbera (Gerbera camarasonii) is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant that can be harvested continuously for 3-5 years after a single planting, making it highly valuable economically. However, due to continuous cropping obstacles, even after replacing the seedlings after 3-5 years, problems such as reduced tillering, uneven growth, increased seedling death, decreased yield, increased deformed flowers, and weakened resistance to diseases and pests may occur.

[0003] Currently, the most effective way to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in gerberas is "water-dryland" rotation, which involves planting a crop of rice and then replanting gerberas. Although this method can alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles, it has the following disadvantages: (1) it results in the loss of more than half a year's income from flowers, which is economically costly; (2) it requires opening the plastic film to plant rice in the open, and excessive moisture will accelerate the corrosion of the steel frame greenhouse; (3) it increases additional labor and management costs. Other methods, such as deep soil turning, soil chemical disinfection, and application of organic fertilizer, although effective to some extent, cannot fundamentally solve the problem of soil microecological imbalance and cannot achieve unlimited continuous planting of gerberas.

[0004] Soil microbial remediation is an effective way to address continuous cropping obstacles at their root by regulating the structure of soil microbial communities and restoring soil ecological balance. However, there are currently no successful case reports of soil microbial remediation methods for addressing continuous cropping obstacles in gerberas.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacles includes the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: After clearing the garden of old gerbera plants, till and dry the soil.

[0009] Step S2: Mix the compound microbial agent and the well-rotted organic fertilizer evenly at a mass ratio of 1:50-100 to make bio-organic fertilizer;

[0010] Step S3: Evenly spread the bio-organic fertilizer on the soil surface at a rate of 800-1200 kg per acre;

[0011] Step S4: Rotary tillage the soil to thoroughly mix the bio-organic fertilizer with the top 15-20 cm of soil;

[0012] Step S5: Maintain soil moisture content at 40-60%, cover with mulch film for fumigation treatment, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 25-35℃ for 15-25 days;

[0013] Step S5: After ventilating for 5-7 days after removing the film, the new crop of gerbera seedlings can be planted.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, with an effective viable count ratio of (3-5):(2-4):(1-2):(1-2), and a total effective viable count ≥5.0×10^9 CFU / g.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound microbial agent further includes endomycorrhizal fungi with a spore content of 8-15 spores / g agent.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decomposed organic fertilizer is made from cow manure, sheep manure or mushroom residue that has been fully decomposed, with an organic matter content of ≥45% and a pH value of 6.5-7.5.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, a microbial proliferation promoter is added during the mixing process. The promoter includes molasses, fish protein powder and humic acid in a mass ratio of (0.5-1):(0.2-0.5):(0.3-0.8), and the amount added is 5-10% of the mass of the compound microbial agent.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, water is added every 5-7 days during the fumigation period to maintain soil moisture.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the gerberas are planted, liquid microbial inoculant is applied every 3 months during the growing season. The liquid microbial inoculant is prepared by diluting the compound microbial inoculant described in claim 2 by 100-200 times and is applied by root irrigation, with 100-150 ml per plant.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when applying the liquid microbial inoculum, seaweed extract and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer can be added, and the addition amounts are 0.1% and 0.05% of the volume of the liquid inoculum respectively; in step S1, the plowing depth is 20 - 30 cm, the sunning time is 7 - 10 days, and during the sunning period, secondary shallow plowing is carried out every 2 - 3 days to ensure uniform sunning of the soil layer, and at the same time, the remaining gerbera roots and impurities in the soil are removed; the plastic film used in step S5 is a black degradable plastic film, the thickness of the plastic film is 0.01 - 0.02 mm, when covering, the edges of the plastic film are sealed by compacting the soil, and after the greenhouse is sealed, the plastic film can be directly turned into the soil and naturally degraded without manual recovery.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] The present invention avoids the income loss for most of the year caused by traditional water-logging and dry rotation, increases the land utilization rate by more than 30%, and realizes unlimited continuous planting of gerbera; fundamentally repairs the continuous cropping soil, increases the soil organic matter content, and increases the soil microbial diversity; the tillering number of the new gerbera crop increases, the dead seedling rate is reduced to, the flowering period is advanced by 7 - 10 days, and the deformed flower rate is also reduced; no chemical disinfectant is used, reducing environmental pollution, and the product meets the requirements of green food production; the method is simple and easy to implement, does not require special equipment, and is easy for farmers to master; it avoids the corrosion of the greenhouse steel frame by excessive water in water-logging and dry rotation, and extends the service life of the facilities.

[0023] The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Description of the Drawings

[0024] In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacle. Specific Embodiments

[0026] To make the purposes, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0027] A soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacle includes the following steps:

[0028] Step S1: Soil Pretreatment After Garden Cleanup After the harvest of old gerbera plants, a large number of pathogens and autotoxic substances remain in the plant debris, roots, and fallen leaves. Direct subsequent treatment would lead to the continued proliferation of pathogens and the accumulation of autotoxic substances, further exacerbating continuous cropping obstacles. Therefore, the core objective of soil pretreatment is to reduce the initial number of pathogens and the concentration of autotoxic substances through physical means, and to improve soil aeration, creating a foundation for the subsequent establishment and reproduction of functional microorganisms.

[0029] In continuously cropped soils, the decomposition of gerbera plant residues releases autotoxic substances such as phenolic acids. Simultaneously, pathogens (such as Fusarium and Phytophthora) attached to the surface and interior of the residues become the primary source of initial infection for subsequent new plants. Thoroughly removing the residues during field cleanup directly cuts off the transmission routes of pathogens and the source of autotoxic substances. Tillage breaks up soil compaction, increases soil porosity, and enhances oxygen content—most beneficial microorganisms (such as Bacillus and Trichoderma) are aerobic, and sufficient oxygen is essential for their activation and reproduction. Tillage also incorporates surface-contaminated soil into deeper layers, reducing the density of pathogens in the surface soil. The sun-drying process utilizes the high temperatures and ultraviolet rays generated by sunlight to further kill some surface pathogens, while simultaneously promoting the volatilization and degradation of residual autotoxic substances in the soil, reducing their toxicity to new plants.

[0030] Specific procedures: After completely removing the old gerbera plants, use a rotary tiller to deeply till the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm to ensure that deep soil pathogens are fully mixed and exposed with the surface soil. After tilling, let it air dry naturally for 5-7 days, avoiding rain erosion, to ensure that the soil moisture content gradually drops below 30% to achieve the best sterilization and autotoxic substance degradation effect.

[0031] Step S2: Preparation of Bio-organic Fertilizer. When functional microbial agents are applied alone, they are easily affected by competition from native soil microorganisms and unfavorable soil environments (such as unsuitable pH and nutrient deficiency), resulting in low establishment rates, rapid decline in activity, and failure to form a dominant microbial community. Well-rotted organic fertilizer not only provides functional microorganisms with the carbon and nitrogen sources needed for growth, but also regulates soil pH and improves soil physicochemical properties. Simultaneously, the humus in organic fertilizer can adsorb autotoxic substances in the soil, reducing their toxicity. Mixing compound microbial agents with well-rotted organic fertilizer to create bio-organic fertilizer achieves synergistic effects between microorganisms and fertilizer—organic fertilizer provides a nutrient haven for microorganisms, while microorganisms convert organic fertilizer nutrients through metabolic activities, improving nutrient utilization and inhibiting pathogens. The synergistic effect of both enhances the remediation effect.

[0032] The selection of components for compound microbial agents should be based on targeted design to address the core issues of continuous cropping obstacles: Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can produce antimicrobial peptides, chitinases, and other substances that directly inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens, while their metabolites can promote plant root growth; Trichoderma harzianum can parasitize pathogen hyphae, destroy pathogen cell structure, and induce systemic resistance in plants; Pseudomonas fluorescens can secrete siderophores and antibiotics, inhibiting pathogens and promoting the absorption of iron by plants. When these four are combined in a specific ratio, a synergistic effect of antibacterial, growth-promoting, and resistance-inducing can be achieved.

[0033] The selection of well-rotted organic fertilizer should meet three major requirements: free from pathogens, high organic matter content, and pH suitability. After complete decomposition, cow manure, sheep manure, or mushroom residue should have an organic matter content of ≥45%, which can provide sufficient carbon and nitrogen sources for microorganisms. The pH value should be controlled between 6.5 and 7.5, which is consistent with the soil pH value (6.0-7.5) suitable for the growth of gerberas and the suitable activity range of functional microorganisms, avoiding excessively high or low pH values ​​that could lead to microbial inactivation. Complete decomposition can eliminate pathogens and insect eggs in the organic fertilizer and prevent secondary pollution of the soil.

[0034] The addition of microbial proliferation promoters is to further enhance the activity of functional microorganisms: molasses, as a fast-acting carbon source, can be quickly utilized by microorganisms, promoting their rapid reproduction; fish protein powder provides high-quality protein and amino acids, enhancing the stress resistance of microorganisms; humic acid can improve the soil colloidal structure, adsorb heavy metals and autotoxic substances, while improving the stability of microbial cell membranes and extending their activity cycle.

[0035] The specific steps are as follows:

[0036] Preparation of compound microbial inoculant: Mix Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens in an effective viable count ratio of (3-5):(2-4):(1-2):(1-2) to ensure a total effective viable count ≥5.0×10^9 CFU / g; If it is necessary to further improve the soil nutrient absorption efficiency, endomycorrhizal fungi can be added, and the spore content can be controlled at 8-15 spores / g of inoculant. Endophycorrhizal fungi can form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of Gerbera daisy, expand the root absorption area, and improve the utilization rate of nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium.

[0037] Selection of well-rotted organic fertilizer: Select fully decomposed cow manure, sheep manure or mushroom residue, and test to ensure that the organic matter content is ≥45%, the pH value is 6.5-7.5, and there is no obvious odor or unrotted residue.

[0038] Mixing and Adding Promoters: Mix the compound microbial agent with the decomposed organic fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:50-100. During the mixing process, add 5-10% of the mass of the compound microbial agent as a microbial proliferation promoter (molasses: fish protein powder: humic acid = (0.5-1):(0.2-0.5):(0.3-0.8)). After stirring evenly, pile the mixture for 24 hours to allow the microorganisms to fully adsorb onto the surface of the organic fertilizer particles and form a stable microbial-fertilizer complex.

[0039] Step S3: Application and Mixing of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Soil

[008] Logic of the main steps: The uniformity of bio-organic fertilizer application directly affects the remediation effect—if the local application amount is insufficient, functional microorganisms cannot form a dominant flora, making it difficult to inhibit pathogens; if the local concentration is too high, it may lead to soil nutrient imbalance and affect the growth of new plants. The core objective of rotary tillage and mixing is to fully integrate bio-organic fertilizer with the topsoil (the main root distribution layer of gerbera), ensuring that functional microorganisms are evenly distributed in the root distribution area, while further improving the soil structure and creating favorable conditions for root growth and microbial activity.

[0040] Gerbera roots are primarily distributed in the top 15-20 cm of soil, a core area for pathogen infection, nutrient absorption, and microbial activity. Therefore, the application rate of bio-organic fertilizer needs to be precisely controlled at 800-1200 kg per acre to ensure an effective number of functional microorganisms while avoiding nutrient overload leading to seedling burn or soil salinization. The tillage depth should match the root distribution layer (15-20 cm) to ensure thorough mixing of the bio-organic fertilizer with the soil in this area, allowing each soil particle to come into contact with functional microorganisms. This creates a uniform protective circle of beneficial microorganisms around the roots, effectively preventing pathogen invasion.

[0041] Specific procedures: Spread the prepared bio-organic fertilizer evenly on the soil surface, ensuring that there are no obvious missed or piled-up areas in the field; use a rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage, with the tillage depth controlled at 15-20 cm and the tillage speed at 2-3 km / h, to ensure that the bio-organic fertilizer is evenly mixed with the topsoil and that there are no obvious fertilizer particles left.

[0042] Step S4: Fumigation and Soil Environment Control. Fumigation utilizes a high-temperature and high-humidity environment to promote the rapid reproduction of functional microorganisms, forming a dominant microbial community, while inhibiting the growth of heat-sensitive pathogens and accelerating the degradation of autotoxic substances in the soil. Precise control of soil moisture content and greenhouse temperature is crucial to ensuring the effectiveness of fumigation—suitable moisture content maintains microbial activity, and suitable temperature allows for selective regulation that promotes beneficial bacteria and inhibits pathogens.

[0043] Among functional microorganisms, Bacillus and Trichoderma exhibit the strongest metabolic activity and fastest reproduction rate at temperatures between 25-35℃. In contrast, pathogens in continuously cropped soil (such as Fusarium) show significantly inhibited growth above 30℃, and some pathogens become inactive at 35℃. Covering the greenhouse with mulch creates a sealed environment. Sunlight raises the temperature inside and maintains it at 25-35℃, while soil moisture content is controlled at 40-60% (60-80% of field capacity). This satisfies the water requirements for microbial metabolism while ensuring soil aeration and preventing the generation of harmful gases due to anaerobic environments.

[0044] Water is replenished every 5-7 days during the fumigation period because soil moisture cannot be replenished after evaporation in a sealed environment. If the moisture content is below 40%, microbial activity will significantly decrease, the reproduction rate will slow down, and a dominant microbial community cannot be formed in a short period of time. On the other hand, if the moisture content is above 60%, the soil pores will be filled with water, resulting in insufficient oxygen. This inhibits the growth of aerobic beneficial microorganisms and, conversely, promotes the reproduction of anaerobic pathogens. A fumigation cycle of 15-25 days is necessary to ensure that the number of functional microorganisms reaches its peak and the number of pathogens is reduced to its lowest level. Studies have shown that after 15 days of fumigation, the number of functional microorganisms in the soil can increase by 10-15 times, and the number of pathogens can be reduced by more than 80%. The best remediation effect is achieved after 20 days of fumigation. Extending the fumigation to 25 days does not significantly improve the remediation effect, but it will increase energy consumption.

[0045] Specific procedures: After rotary tillage, water the soil until the moisture content reaches 40-60% (use a soil moisture meter to test, take a soil sample from the top 10 cm, the moisture meter reading should be 45-55); cover with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.08-0.12 mm, ensuring that the film is tightly attached to the soil without any air gaps; close the greenhouse ventilation openings, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 25-35℃, and continue to seal the greenhouse for 15-25 days. During this period, uncover a corner of the film every 5-7 days and use a soil moisture meter to test the soil moisture content. If it is lower than 40%, water a small amount to replenish it to the appropriate range and then cover the film again.

[0046] Step S5: Uncovering the film for ventilation and soil maturation. The main logic is as follows: After the greenhouse is sealed, a small amount of harmful gases (such as ammonia) produced by high-temperature metabolism may remain in the soil. Simultaneously, the soil microbial community is in a highly active state and requires a stabilization period to form a stable micro-ecological structure. The core objective of uncovering the film for ventilation is to expel harmful gases, lower the soil temperature, allow the microbial community to transition from a rapid reproduction phase to a stable phase, and restore the soil's physical and chemical properties to a state suitable for planting gerberas.

[0047] During the fumigation period, the decomposition of organic fertilizer and microbial metabolism may produce small amounts of harmful gases such as ammonia. Direct planting of these gases directly can poison the roots of the new gerbera plants, affecting their survival rate. Ventilation for 5-7 days effectively removes these harmful gases and lowers the soil temperature inside the greenhouse to 20-25℃, a temperature range suitable for gerbera root growth. Furthermore, during ventilation, the soil moisture content naturally drops to 30-40%, preventing root rot due to excessive moisture at planting time. During soil maturation, functional microorganisms further adapt to the soil environment, forming a stable community structure dominated by beneficial bacteria, providing continuous protection and nutrient supply to the roots of the new plants.

[0048] Specific procedures: After the initial fumigation is completed, uncover the mulch and greenhouse ventilators to allow natural ventilation for 5-7 days, avoiding direct rainwater runoff on the soil surface during this period; after ventilation, test the soil pH (6.0-7.5), moisture content (30-40%), and pathogen count (Fusarium count ≤1.0×10^3 CFU / g). Once these standards are met, the plants can be transplanted.

[0049] Step S6: Post-planting Microbial Enhancement Management. The main logic is as follows: After planting, the gerbera root system continuously interacts with soil microorganisms during its growth, while the activity of functional microorganisms in the soil gradually declines over time. Regularly applying liquid microbial agents can replenish the number of functional microorganisms and maintain their dominant position in the soil; simultaneously, adding seaweed extract and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer not only provides nutrients for the microorganisms but also directly promotes plant growth, achieving a synergistic effect of microorganisms, fertilizer, and plant, and extending the duration of the repair effect.

[0050] Gerbera daisies have a growing period of 3-5 years. During this long growth period, the soil microecological balance may be disrupted due to the re-accumulation of pathogens and the decline of functional microorganisms. Applying a liquid microbial agent every 3 months can replenish functional microorganisms in a timely manner and inhibit the re-growth of pathogens. The liquid microbial agent, diluted 100-200 times and applied as a root drench, can directly transport microorganisms to the area around the roots, increasing the colonization rate of microorganisms on the root surface and avoiding the reduction in effectiveness due to adsorption by soil particles. A dosage of 100-150 ml per plant ensures a sufficient concentration of microorganisms around the roots without intensifying competition among root microorganisms due to excessive concentration.

[0051] Seaweed extract contains active substances such as polysaccharides and amino acids, which can promote microbial metabolism and reproduction, while enhancing plant resistance to stress. Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer can be directly absorbed by plant roots to supplement nutrition and promote growth. When used in combination with liquid bacterial agents, the two form a comprehensive effect of microbial protection, nutrient supply and stress enhancement, further improving the yield and quality of gerberas.

[0052] Specific operations:

[0053] Preparation of liquid microbial inoculant: Dilute the compound microbial inoculant in step S2 with water 100-200 times, stir evenly, and ensure that the concentration of the inoculant is 5.0×10^6-1.0×10^7 CFU / mL.

[0054] Additives: To enhance the effect, add 0.1% (by volume) seaweed extract and 0.05% (by volume) amino acid water-soluble fertilizer to the liquid bacterial agent and stir well.

[0055] Application method: Apply the solution to the roots every 3 months after planting, using 100-150 ml per plant. Ensure that the inoculant solution penetrates the soil around the roots and avoids directly washing away the roots.

[0056] Step S7: Evaluation of repair effectiveness and quality inspection.

[0057] 1. Detection indicators:

[0058] Soil microbial indicators: soil microbial diversity index, number of beneficial bacteria (Bacillus + Trichoderma), and reduction rate of pathogenic bacteria (Fusarium + Phytophthora);

[0059] Plant growth indicators: survival rate of new gerberas, number of tillers, first flowering period, yield per acre, and rate of deformed flowers; quality indicators: vitamin C content of flowers and vase life.

[0060] The evaluation criteria are as follows:

[0061] Qualification standards: Survival rate ≥95%, number of tillers increased by ≥30% compared with the control (unrepaired soil), yield per mu increased by ≥35%, rate of deformed flowers ≤3%, and pathogen count reduced by ≥80%;

[0062] Excellent standards: survival rate ≥98%, number of tillers increased by ≥40% compared to the control, yield per mu increased by ≥45%, rate of deformed flowers ≤2%, pathogen count reduced by ≥85%, vitamin C content increased by ≥15%, vase life extended by ≥4 days.

[0063] Experimental Example 1: Conventional Implementation Method

[0064] At the African daisy planting base in Kunming, Yunnan, after the African daisies have been planted for 4 consecutive years, the soil is thoroughly tilled to a depth of 25-30 centimeters and then left to dry for 6 days.

[0065] Preparation of compound microbial inoculant: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were mixed in an effective viable count ratio of 4:3:1.5:1.5, with a total effective viable count of 6.2×10^9 CFU / g.

[0066] The compound microbial agent is mixed with fully decomposed cow manure organic fertilizer at a ratio of 1:80, and 8% of the agent's mass of microbial growth promoter (molasses: fish protein powder: humic acid = 0.8:0.3:0.5) is added to make bio-organic fertilizer.

[0067] Apply 1000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, spread it evenly, and then till it to ensure that the fertilizer is fully mixed with the 0-20 cm soil layer.

[0068] Water until the soil moisture content is about 50%, cover with mulch, and seal the greenhouse for 20 days, replenishing water every 6 days during this period.

[0069] After ventilating for 6 days after removing the film, the new crop of gerbera 'Tropical Savannah' variety was planted.

[0070] After transplanting, drench the roots once every 3 months with a 150-fold diluted compound microbial agent solution, using 120 ml per plant.

[0071] Results: The survival rate of the new crop of gerberas reached 97.3%, the number of tillers increased by 36.2% compared with the control (unrepaired soil), the first flowering period was advanced by 9 days, the yield per mu increased by 42.5%, the rate of deformed flowers was only 2.7%, and no obvious continuous cropping obstacles were observed in three consecutive years of monitoring.

[0072] Experimental Example 2: Optimization of Implementation Methods

[0073] At the gerbera plantation in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, after gerberas that have been planted for 5 consecutive years are cleared, the soil is deeply turned over and dried for 7 days.

[0074] Preparation of compound microbial inoculant: Based on the inoculant of Example 1, add endomycorrhizal fungi (Glomusmosseae) with a spore content of 12 spores / g inoculant.

[0075] The compound microbial inoculant is mixed with mushroom residue organic fertilizer at a ratio of 1:60, and 10% of the inoculant's mass of microbial proliferation promoter is added to make bio-organic fertilizer.

[0076] Apply 1200 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, and follow the same steps as in Example 1.

[0077] After planting, drench the roots every 3 months with a 120-fold diluted compound microbial agent solution, adding 0.1% seaweed extract and 0.05% amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 150 ml per plant.

[0078] Results: The survival rate of the new crop of gerberas reached 98.1%, the number of tillers increased by 41.3% compared with the control, the soil mycorrhizal infection rate increased to 68.5%, the yield per mu increased by 48.2%, the quality of flowers was significantly improved, the vitamin C content increased by 15.3%, and the vase life was extended by 4.2 days.

[0079] Experimental Example 3: Comparative Experiment on Soil Remediation under Different Continuous Crop Years

[0080] Soils from gerberas planted for 3, 5, and 7 consecutive years were selected and remediated using the method of this invention. Traditional "water-dry" rotation and chemical disinfection (dazomet treatment) were used as controls. The results are shown in the table below:

[0081] Processing group Soil microbial diversity index Pathogen count reduction rate Gerbera survival rate Tillering increase rate Production increase rate This invention has been developed over 3 years. +52.3% 87.2% 96.8% 34.7% 39.2% Five years of continuous work + this invention +48.1% 85.6% 95.2% 31.5% 35.8% This invention has been developed over 7 years. +43.7% 82.3% 92.7% 27.4% 30.1% Water-dry rotation +38.4% 76.5% 94.3% 25.6% 28.7% Chemical disinfection +15.2% 92.8% 89.5% 18.2% 20.3%

[0082] The results show that the method of the present invention has a good remediation effect on soils with different continuous cropping years, which is better than traditional crop rotation and chemical disinfection methods. Moreover, the remediation effect decreases slightly with the increase of continuous cropping years, but still remains at a high level.

Claims

1. A method for soil microbial remediation of gerbera continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: After clearing the garden of old gerbera plants, till and dry the soil. Step S2: Mix the compound microbial agent and the well-rotted organic fertilizer evenly at a mass ratio of 1:50-100 to make bio-organic fertilizer; Step S3: Evenly spread the bio-organic fertilizer on the soil surface at a rate of 800-1200 kg per acre; Step S4: Rotary tillage the soil to thoroughly mix the bio-organic fertilizer with the top 15-20 cm of soil; Step S5: Maintain soil moisture content at 40-60%, cover with mulch film for fumigation treatment, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 25-35℃ for 15-25 days; Step S5: After ventilating for 5-7 days after removing the film, the new crop of gerbera seedlings can be planted.

2. The soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, with an effective viable count ratio of (3-5):(2-4):(1-2):(1-2), and a total effective viable count ≥5.0×10^9 CFU / g.

3. The soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent also contains endomycorrhizal fungi, with a spore content of 8-15 spores / g agent.

4. The soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decomposed organic fertilizer is made from cow manure, sheep manure, or mushroom residue that has been fully decomposed, with an organic matter content of ≥45% and a pH value of 6.5-7.

5.

5. A method for soil microbial remediation of gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a microbial proliferation promoter is added during the mixing process. The promoter includes molasses, fish protein powder and humic acid in a mass ratio of (0.5-1):(0.2-0.5):(0.3-0.8), and the amount added is 5-10% of the mass of the compound microbial agent.

6. The soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, water should be added every 5-7 days during the fumigation period to maintain soil moisture.

7. A soil microbial remediation method for gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, After transplanting, gerberas should be top-dressed with liquid microbial agent every 3 months during their growing season. The liquid microbial agent is prepared by diluting the compound microbial agent described in claim 2 by 100-200 times and applied by root irrigation, 100-150 ml per plant.

8. A method for soil microbial remediation of gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, When applying the liquid microbial agent, seaweed extract and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer can be added, at amounts of 0.1% and 0.05% of the liquid agent volume, respectively.

9. A method for soil microbial remediation of gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the tillage depth is 20-30 cm, and the drying time is 7-10 days. During the drying period, a second shallow tillage is carried out every 2-3 days to ensure that the soil layer is dried evenly and to remove any remaining gerbera roots and impurities from the soil.

10. A method for soil microbial remediation of gerbera continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mulch film used in step S5 is a black degradable mulch film with a thickness of 0.01-0.02 mm. When covering, the edges of the mulch film are sealed by compacting the soil. After the mulch film is covered, it can be directly turned into the soil to degrade naturally without the need for manual recycling.

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