Feed utilization method of water spinach straws and application of feed utilization method in daily ration of goats

Abstract

The invention discloses a water spinach straw feed utilization method and application of the water spinach straw feed utilization method in goat daily ration, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural resource recycling and ruminant nutrition. The method comprises the following steps: determining the safe addition proportion of the water spinach straws in goat daily ration of 20-30%, optimizing micro-storage process parameters, constructing a synergistic mixed storage mode with high-moisture forage grass, and realizing efficient feed utilization of the water spinach straws. The prepared feed is stable in fermentation quality, the nutritional value is remarkably improved, the feed intake can be increased, the cost is reduced, the meat quality is improved, the antioxidant capacity of a body is enhanced when the feed is applied to daily ration of goats, technical parameters are clear, popularization and copying are easy, and economic and ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural resource recycling and ruminant nutrition technology, specifically involving a method for processing waste agricultural by-products such as water spinach (Ziziphus jujuba) straw through a specific microbial fermentation process and scientifically formulating it for use in goat diets. Background Technology

[0002] Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) is a widely cultivated vegetable in southern my country, producing a large amount of straw after seed production or harvesting. Currently, most of this straw is discarded, wasting resources and potentially putting pressure on the environment. However, in the field of ruminant animal husbandry, although there have been preliminary attempts to explore its use as roughage, the following significant drawbacks exist:

[0003] 1. Lack of scientifically defined safe feeding thresholds: When feeding directly, the proportion of added ingredients is entirely based on experience. Our team's previous research found (see subsequent experimental documents) that when the proportion of water spinach straw in the diet exceeded 30%, the growth performance of goats declined and health risks emerged, but no previous publicly available research had clearly defined its safe range for addition.

[0004] 2. Lack of targeted quality improvement processing technology: Water spinach straw has a high fiber content, and its nutritional value is limited when fed directly. Conventional silage / micro-silage technology parameters (such as moisture content, fermentation time, and microbial agent dosage) are designed for general roughage and are not optimized for its unique physical structure and nutritional components, making it difficult to maximize its feed value.

[0005] 3. Lack of comprehensive resource utilization solutions: There is a lack of research on the scientific mixing and storage of water spinach straw with common high-moisture forage grasses in southern regions (such as hybrid Napier grass), failing to realize its potential value in regulating moisture and improving overall fermentation quality. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic comparison of the impact of different processing methods (such as direct addition, mixed silage, and complete diet fermentation) on the functional characteristics of the final product.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a complete technical solution that covers raw material processing, process optimization and safe feed use, in order to achieve efficient and high-value feed utilization of water spinach straw. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to propose a complete, data-supported method for the feed conversion of water spinach straw, in order to solve the technical problems of the lack of water spinach straw resource utilization technology or low efficiency in the existing technology.

[0008] The technical problems that this method aims to solve include:

[0009] 1. Determine a safe and efficient direct utilization ratio: Through animal experiments, accurately determine the optimal addition ratio range of water spinach straw in goat diets to solve the production performance and health risks caused by blind addition.

[0010] 2. Develop targeted processing technology to improve quality and efficiency: By optimizing process parameters, solve the problem of low nutritional value of water spinach straw when directly fed, and develop micro-storage technology that can significantly improve its feed value.

[0011] 3. Construct a synergistic value-added compound utilization model: overcome the limitations of processing single raw materials by scientifically mixing and storing them with high-moisture forage and optimizing processing routes to develop compound feed products that have both excellent quality and specific health-promoting functions (such as enhanced antioxidants).

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following solution:

[0013] A method for utilizing water spinach straw as feed includes the following steps: crushing the water spinach straw and directly mixing it into the daily diet of goats, wherein the proportion of water spinach straw added to the daily diet is 20%-30% of the dry matter basis.

[0014] Furthermore, the water spinach straw is micro-stored and then mixed into the goat diet. The process parameters for micro-stored treatment are: moisture content 55%, based on fresh weight, sucrose addition 6%, compound microbial preparation addition 3g / kg, and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 30 days.

[0015] Furthermore, the compound microbial preparation contains ≥9 × 10⁻⁹ Candida utilis. 7 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 One or more of the following CFU / g values, with a contamination rate ≤1% and a moisture content ≤9%.

[0016] This invention also provides a method for preparing a co-concentrated silage feed of water spinach straw and high-moisture forage, comprising the following steps: mixing crushed water spinach straw and chopped high-moisture forage at a weight ratio of 3:7, adding 3g / kg of compound microbial preparation, adding 6% sucrose based on the total weight of the mixture, and anaerobic fermenting at room temperature for 30 days to obtain the silage feed.

[0017] Furthermore, the high-moisture forage grass is a hybrid of Napier grass.

[0018] Furthermore, the preparation of mixed silage feed adopts a mixed silage process, specifically: after mixing compound microbial preparation, sucrose and purified water and letting it stand for 24 hours, it is evenly sprayed into the mixed materials, packed into silage bags with exhaust valves, compacted, vacuum sealed and fermented.

[0019] The present invention also provides an application of water spinach straw feed in goat diets, wherein the diet meets the feeding standards for meat sheep and can increase the dry matter intake of goats by 9.43%-11.32% and reduce the weight gain cost by 7.5%-10.0%.

[0020] Furthermore, the addition ratio of the mixed feed to the diet is 60% of the dry matter basis, which can significantly increase the activity of SOD enzyme in goat serum and reduce the content of MDA.

[0021] Furthermore, the crude protein content of the goat diet is 13.2%-13.65%, and the digestible energy is 11.27-11.89 MJ / kg.

[0022] This invention discloses a functional goat feed, which is made by mixing a prepared mixed feed with a concentrate supplement. The concentrate supplement includes corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, premix, and mineral additives. The feed has the function of enhancing the antioxidant capacity of goats.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:

[0024] 1. Turning waste into treasure with a clear resource utilization path: It provides a complete and feasible technical solution from waste straw to functional feed, with significant economic and ecological benefits.

[0025] 2. Product quality and feeding effects are predictable: All key process parameters are derived from rigorous testing to ensure that the fermentation quality of the produced feed products is stable (low pH, high lactic acid, no spoilage), and the nutritional value is clearly improved. When used in goats, it can stably achieve the combined benefits of "cost reduction (7.5%-10.0%), increased feed intake, and health maintenance".

[0026] 3. Breaking through the limitations of single nutrient supply and possessing health promotion function: The mixed silage (MIX-S) process selected in this invention enables the product to have the potential function of enhancing the antioxidant capacity of animal bodies, providing core technical support for the development of differentiated, high-value-added functional roughage products.

[0027] 4. Standardized technical parameters, easy to promote and replicate: A tiered and quantitative technical system has been formed, which is easy for enterprises and farmers with different conditions to choose and apply: "basic addition ratio (20-30%) → optimized micro storage parameters (55% water, 6% sugar, 3g / kg bacteria, 30 days) → high-efficiency mixed storage scheme (30% mixing ratio, MIX-S process)".

[0028] 5. A leap from vague experience to precise quantification: Existing technologies lack guidance on the proportion of water spinach straw used in feed. This invention, for the first time, clearly defines a safe and efficient addition window of 20-30% through animal experiments, and warns of the risks associated with exceeding 30%, thus providing a basis for application.

[0029] 6. Innovation from general process to targeted optimization: This invention reveals through experiments the separation of the influencing factors of "fermentation time" and "nutritional value" in the micro-storage of water spinach straw, and based on this, creates a 30-day short-cycle micro-storage process with the goal of "maximizing nutritional value", which improves production efficiency while ensuring quality.

[0030] 7. Improvement from single utilization to system integration: This invention constructs an integrated solution: based on safety ratio, using optimized micro-storage as an improvement means, and using mixed storage synergy and process selection as functional value-added approaches, forming a multi-level technology package.

[0031] 8. Discoveries from Nutritional Supply to Functional Expansion: Through process comparison, this invention demonstrates that the specific processing method of "Mixed Silage (MIX-S)" can endow the product with antioxidant enhancement. This is not merely a process selection, but a redefinition of product function, providing new ideas for the development of similar resources. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided. These embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention, but do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] A method for utilizing water spinach straw as feed includes the following steps: crushing the water spinach straw and directly mixing it into the daily diet of goats, wherein the proportion of water spinach straw added to the daily diet is 20%-30% of the dry matter basis.

[0034] The water spinach straw was micro-stored and then mixed into the goat diet. The process parameters for micro-stored treatment were: moisture content 55%, based on fresh weight, sucrose addition 6%, compound microbial preparation addition 3g / kg, and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 30 days.

[0035] The compound microbial preparation contains ≥9×10⁹ Candida utilis. 7 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 One or more of the following CFU / g values, with a contamination rate ≤1% and a moisture content ≤9%.

[0036] A method for preparing a co-concentrated silage feed of water spinach straw and high-moisture forage includes the following steps: mixing crushed water spinach straw and chopped high-moisture forage at a weight ratio of 3:7, adding 3g / kg of compound microbial preparation, adding 6% sucrose based on the total weight of the mixture, and anaerobic fermenting at room temperature for 30 days to obtain the silage feed.

[0037] The high-moisture forage grass is a hybrid of Napier grass.

[0038] The preparation of mixed silage feed adopts a mixed silage process, which is as follows: after mixing compound microbial preparation, sucrose and purified water and letting it stand for 24 hours, it is evenly sprayed into the mixed materials, packed into silage bags with exhaust valves, compacted, vacuum sealed and fermented.

[0039] This invention is based on the following principles:

[0040] The core of this invention lies in revealing and mastering the key technical control points of water spinach straw feed through a progressive research strategy of "feeding verification - process optimization - compound efficiency enhancement".

[0041] 1. First, clarify the application basis and safety margin: Through systematic goat feeding experiments, this invention has found that the effect of adding water spinach straw exhibits a clear "window effect." An addition ratio of 20%-30% is the critical range for it to exert positive benefits (increased feed intake, reduced costs, and improved meat quality) without triggering negative health reactions (oxidative stress, inflammation). This provides a safe dosage basis and application target for all subsequent processing technologies.

[0042] 2. Further refinement of the processing based on raw material characteristics: After determining the safe dosage, this invention, using orthogonal experimental design, analyzed the core factors affecting the micro-storage quality and nutritional value of water spinach straw. It innovatively discovered that for this raw material, fermentation time primarily determines fermentation quality (e.g., lactic acid peak at 60 days), while moisture content primarily determines the final nutritional value (IVDMD, RFV). Based on the principle of "prioritizing nutritional value while considering fermentation quality," this invention abandons the conventional approach of simply pursuing optimal fermentation indicators, determining 30 days as the optimal micro-storage cycle for comprehensive benefits, and matching specific moisture content, carbon source, and microbial agent addition amounts to achieve targeted quality improvement.

[0043] 3. Ultimately Achieving Synergistic and Functional Enhancement of Composite Resources: To further enhance value and solve the silage problem in southern forage, this invention creatively uses water spinach straw as a "moisture regulator" and "nutrient supplement" in co-storage with high-moisture hybrid Napier grass. A 30% addition ratio has been proven to optimally regulate overall water activity, creating a favorable fermentation environment dominated by lactic acid bacteria, thereby synergistically improving the overall quality of the co-storage. Furthermore, by comparing different processing pathways, this invention found that the "Mixed Silage (MIX-S)" process not only improves feed palatability but also significantly activates the antioxidant defense system of goats. This functional gain, exceeding the scope of nutritional supply, highlights the unique value of this process.

[0044] Example 1: Determination of the optimal proportion of water spinach straw directly fed to goat diets

[0045] This embodiment is based on a systematic goat feeding experiment, aiming to establish the scientific basis for the direct utilization of water spinach straw.

[0046] Experimental design: Forty healthy Nubian goats were randomly divided into five groups and fed total mixed diets with water spinach straw (crushed) at proportions of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The experiment lasted for 47 days. The diet ratios and nutrient compositions are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0047] Total Mixed Ration (TMR) Preparation: The TMR formula was designed based on the nutritional requirements of the Meat Sheep Feeding Standard (NY / T816-2004). The conventional nutrient components of whole-plant corn silage, water spinach stalks, and peanut vines were determined using measured values ​​(Table 1). The nutrient composition indicators of corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran were referenced from the "Chinese Feed Composition and Nutritional Value Table". The diet composition and nutrient levels are shown in Table 2.

[0048] Table 1. Common nutritional components of raw materials (dry matter basis) Unit: %

[0049]

[0050] Table 2. Dietary Composition and Nutrient Levels (Dry Matter Basis) Unit: %

[0051]

[0052] Nutritional levels and food costs

[0053]

[0054] Note: Each kilogram of premix provides the following nutrients per ration: copper 200-1000 mg, iron 800-4000 mg, manganese 600-4000 mg, zinc 800-3000 mg, vitamin A 8000-5000000 IU, vitamin D 16000-120000 IU, vitamin E ≥400 mg. The nutrient content of water spinach stalks, whole-plant corn silage, and peanut vines are measured values ​​(see Table 1). All other values ​​are calculated. Ration costs are calculated based on the Nanning City feed ingredient market prices in November 2024.

[0055] Key findings and parameter determination:

[0056] Optimal benefit range: Adding 20%-30% water spinach straw to the diet resulted in peak total weight gain and average daily weight gain in goats, increased dry matter intake (9.43%-11.32%), and reduced weight gain costs (7.5%-10.0%). Experiments showed that water spinach straw can effectively improve the palatability of the diet. Adding 20% ​​can most effectively improve the production performance of goats, while adding 30% is the most economical in terms of reducing weight gain costs. Excessive addition (40%) will lead to a significant decrease in feed conversion efficiency and a deterioration in production performance. In addition, adding more than 20% water spinach straw can effectively reduce meat yellowness (b* value), shear force, and drip loss rate, while maintaining stable meat color and effectively improving the tenderness and water-holding capacity of goat meat, thus improving meat quality (Tables 3 and 4).

[0057] Table 3. Effects of adding different proportions of water spinach straw to the diet on goat production performance and weight gain cost.

[0058]

[0059] Table 4. Effects of adding different proportions of water spinach straw to the diet on the quality of goat meat.

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Safety thresholds: Serum indicators showed that the total protein (TP) content was significantly increased in the 20%-30% supplementation group, while the activities of liver function enzymes (ALT, AST) and antioxidant indicators (SOD, T-AOC) remained stable in the 30% and below groups. When the supplementation amount increased to 40%, a decrease in daily weight gain and an increase in feed conversion ratio occurred, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased, indicating the induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory response (Tables 5, 6, and 7).

[0063] Table 5. Effects of adding different proportions of water spinach straw to the diet on serum biochemical indicators in goats.

[0064]

[0065] Table 6. Effects of adding different proportions of water spinach straw to the diet on antioxidant indices of goats.

[0066]

[0067] Table 7. Effects of adding different proportions of water spinach straw to the diet on immune indicators in goats.

[0068]

[0069] Key points for implementation: Therefore, when directly mixing crushed water spinach straw into goat diet, the amount added (on a dry matter basis) must be strictly controlled between 20% and 30%, preferably 20% as the starting point, which can effectively reduce costs, improve meat quality, and ensure animal health.

[0070] Example 2: Preparation of high-efficiency micro-silage from water spinach straw

[0071] 1. Experimental Materials

[0072] The water spinach straw was provided by a certain breeding cooperative in Hengzhou City, Nanning, Guangxi; the compound microbial preparation used was the Vitality 99 Compound Microbial Preparation 1-C type from Nanning Weirui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with the main bacterial strains being: Candida utilis ≥9×107 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis ≥26×106 cfu / g, and Pediococcus lactis ≥4×106 cfu / g, with a miscellaneous bacterial rate ≤1% and a moisture content ≤9%; distilled purified water was used; sucrose was purchased from the Nanning Grain and Oil Market; a 50kg mixer was used for both dry and wet applications; a vacuum sealer (Deli 85kpa); and a pH meter (PSH-3C type, Shanghai Leici Instrument Factory).

[0073] 2. Microstorage method

[0074] The effects of microstorage were investigated using four main treatment factors: moisture content (A), sucrose content (B), amount of compound microbial preparation added (C), and storage time (D). An orthogonal design with four factors and three levels (L9(3)) was used. 4 Orthogonal experiments were conducted (see Table 9). According to the experimentally set addition ratios, the amounts of water spinach straw, purified water, sucrose content, and compound microbial agent dosage for each treatment combination were calculated and weighed. First, sucrose, water, and microbial agent were mixed and activated in the specified ratio. After standing for 24 hours at room temperature, an equal volume of microbial solution was evenly sprayed onto the surface of the water spinach straw. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and then filled into anaerobic micro-storage bags equipped with one-way exhaust valves. These bags were then vacuum-sealed and stored indoors at room temperature and in the dark. Each treatment was repeated three times.

[0075] This embodiment aims to address the problem of limited nutritional value in direct feeding by significantly improving its quality through optimized micro-storage processes.

[0076] Process optimization basis: A four-factor, three-level orthogonal design was adopted, and it was found that the storage time had the greatest impact on pH and lactic acid, while the moisture content had the greatest impact on in vitro digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV), as shown in Tables 8, 9, 10 and 11.

[0077] Table 8. Orthogonal experimental design of different treatment conditions for water spinach straw micro-storage

[0078]

[0079] Table 9. Results of range analysis and variance analysis for pH value and organic acid content.

[0080]

[0081] Note: In range analysis, "optimal level" refers to the factor level corresponding to the optimal (minimum or maximum) Ki value under the expected direction of the indicator (such as low pH, high lactic acid, low NDF, etc.), and the same applies below.

[0082] Table 10 Results of range analysis and variance analysis of routine nutrients

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Table 11 Results of range analysis and variance analysis for in vitro digestibility and nutritional value assessment

[0086]

[0087] Key steps and parameters:

[0088] Crush the water spinach stalks to 1-3 cm.

[0089] Adjust the moisture content of the material to 55%.

[0090] Add 6% (fresh weight basis) of sucrose as a fermentation promoter.

[0091] Add 3g / kg (fresh weight basis) of compound microbial preparation (such as a microbial preparation containing Pediococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis).

[0092] After mixing thoroughly, seal the mixture and allow it to undergo anaerobic fermentation at room temperature.

[0093] Key innovation: The fermentation cycle is set at 30 days. Although the lactic acid content is higher at 60 days, the product's IVCMD and RFV have already reached their peak at 30 days, and the fermentation quality (pH < 4.2, no butyric acid) fully meets the premium standard. This approach balances nutritional value with time cost.

[0094] Expected product: The resulting silage is yellowish-brown in color, has a sour aroma, and a loose texture. Its nutritional value is significantly higher than that of untreated or improperly fermented straw, making it a high-quality roughage feed ingredient.

[0095] Example 3: Preparation and application of co-mixed storage material of water spinach straw and hybrid Napier grass. This example demonstrates how to achieve the composite utilization of resources and explore their functional value.

[0096] 1. Preparation of high-quality mixed storage materials:

[0097] Raw materials and proportions: The experiment consisted of six treatment groups: a control group (CK) without added water spinach straw, and mixed storage groups with 10% (KL1), 20% (KL2), 30% (KL3), 40% (KL4), and 50% (KL5) water spinach straw, with four replicates in each group. Dried water spinach straw (crushed) was mixed with fresh hybrid Napier grass (chopped) in a specific ratio, and fermented for 30 days. The optimal mixing ratio was then selected.

[0098] Processing technology: Weigh 3g / kg of compound microbial preparation and 6% sucrose according to the total weight of the mixed fermentation materials, mix with an equal weight of purified water, let stand for 24 hours, spray evenly on the fermentation materials, and then carry out mixed silage by silage bag packaging with exhaust valve (MIX-S process), seal and place indoors in a dark and room temperature condition for fermentation.

[0099] Quality advantages: The 30% ratio can effectively adjust the dry matter of the mixture to a suitable range and promote high-quality fermentation. The mixed storage material prepared under this ratio has a sensory evaluation of "excellent" compared with the control group without straw, a significantly lower pH (3.07), a significantly higher lactic acid content (10.06% DM), a low fresh weight loss rate, and an RFV value of over 107 (Tables 12, 13, and 14).

[0100] Table 12 Effects of different proportions of water spinach straw and hybrid Napier grass mixed silage on sensory evaluation indicators

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Table 13 Effects of different proportions of water spinach straw and hybrid Napier grass mixed silage on fermentation parameters

[0104]

[0105] Table 14 Effects of conventional nutrient components and RFV on mixed feeds of different proportions of water spinach straw and hybrid Napier grass

[0106]

[0107] 2. Application and functional effects of silage in goat diets:

[0108] Experimental design: Thirty healthy Nubian goats aged 6 months with a weight of approximately (21.90±1.50 kg) were selected and randomly divided into three groups of 10 goats each, based on their weight: the mixed group (CON), the mixed storage group (MIX-S), and the total mixed fermentation group (TMR-F). The pre-experiment period was 10 days, and the formal trial period was 50 days.

[0109] Feed preparation and diet composition: The conventional nutrient composition of the main raw materials was determined (Table 15). Based on the meat sheep feeding standard (NY / T816-2004), the diet formula was designed as shown in Table 2. Each group was processed according to the following process without changing the formula:

[0110] Prepare the diet: Use a mixer to mix thoroughly.

[0111] Hybrid Napier grass silage preparation: Hybrid Napier grass (fresh grass) and compound microbial preparation (3g / kg) and 6% sucrose are mixed evenly using a mixer, and then ensiled in silage bags with exhaust valves. After mechanical compaction, the mixture is vacuum sealed and stored for 30 days of fermentation.

[0112] Preparation of mixed silage feed (MIX-S) of water spinach straw and hybrid Napier grass: 30% water spinach straw, 70% hybrid Napier grass (fresh grass), compound microbial preparation (3g / kg), and sucrose (6% of the total weight of water spinach and hybrid Napier grass mixture) are mixed evenly in a mixer, bagged for silage, mechanically compacted, vacuum sealed and stored for 30 days.

[0113] Preparation of Total Mixed Ration (TMR-F) based on water spinach straw: Following the MIX-S group diet formula, water spinach straw, hybrid Napier grass (fresh grass), compound microbial preparation (3g / kg), sucrose (accounting for 6% of the total weight of the water spinach and hybrid Napier grass mixture), and other raw materials were mixed evenly in a mixer, bagged for silage, mechanically compacted, vacuum sealed and stored, and fermented for 30 days.

[0114] Ration formulation: The above-prepared mixed silage, accounting for 60% of the dry matter of the ration, is mixed with concentrate supplements to form a complete ration.

[0115] Table 15 Common Nutritional Composition of Raw Materials (Dry Matter Basis) Unit: %

[0116]

[0117] Note: Each kilogram of premix provides the following nutrients per ration: copper 200-1000 mg, iron 800-4000 mg, manganese 600-4000 mg, zinc 800-3000 mg, vitamin A 8000-5000000 IU, vitamin D 16000-120000 IU, and vitamin E ≥400 mg. The nutrient composition of the raw materials is based on actual measurements, provided by Inner Mongolia Ulanqab Yima Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. Except for dry matter, all other nutrient components are based on dry matter.

[0118] Table 16 Dietary Composition and Nutrient Levels (Dry Matter Basis) Unit: %

[0119]

[0120] Nutritional level

[0121]

[0122] Feeding effects: Compared with the control group fed a regular diet, the goats fed the MIX-S mixed silage diet showed the following results:

[0123] Improved palatability: Average daily feed intake increased significantly, as shown in Table 17.

[0124] Stable growth performance: There were no significant differences in daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, as shown in Table 17.

[0125] Outstanding Functional Aspects: The body's antioxidant capacity is significantly enhanced, as evidenced by a significant decrease in serum MDA levels and a significant increase in SOD enzyme activity, as shown in Table 18. This effect is a unique health benefit resulting from the preferred MIX-S process of this invention.

[0126] Table 17 Effects of different processing methods for water spinach straw diets on goat production performance

[0127]

[0128] Note: Different superscript letters in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while identical superscript letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05). The same applies below.

[0129] Table 18 Effects of different processing methods for water spinach straw diets on antioxidant indices in goats

[0130]

[0131] Safety: All blood biochemical and immune indicators were normal and had no adverse effects on health, as shown in Tables 19 and 20.

[0132] Table 19 Effects of different processing methods for water spinach straw diets on serum biochemical indicators in goats.

[0133]

[0134] Table 20 Effects of different processing methods for water spinach straw diets on immune indicators in goats.

[0135]

[0136] Other implementation methods:

[0137] The compound microbial preparation can be any silage-specific microbial agent with similar functions.

[0138] The mixed storage objects are not limited to hybrid Napier grass. Other high-moisture forage grasses or by-products can be mixed storage experiments in accordance with the principle of "adjusting moisture with dryness and optimizing proportion" of this invention.

[0139] In Examples 2 and 3, the fermentation time can be appropriately extended beyond 30 days according to actual storage needs, but the core process parameters (ratio, moisture content, inoculant, sucrose) should follow the optimization range of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for utilizing water spinach straw as feed, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Water spinach stalks are crushed and directly mixed into goat diets. The proportion of water spinach stalks added to the diet is 20%-30% of the dry matter basis.

2. The method for utilizing water spinach straw as feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water spinach straw was micro-stored and then mixed into the goat diet. The process parameters for micro-stored treatment were: moisture content 55%, based on fresh weight, sucrose addition 6%, compound microbial preparation addition 3g / kg, and anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 30 days.

3. The method for utilizing water spinach straw as feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compound microbial preparation contains ≥9×10⁹ Candida utilis. 7 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 One or more of the following CFU / g values, with a contamination rate ≤1% and a moisture content ≤9%.

4. A method for preparing a co-concentrated feed of water spinach straw and high-moisture forage, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: pulverized water spinach stalks and chopped high-moisture forage are mixed at a weight ratio of 3:7, 3g / kg of compound microbial preparation is added, and 6% sucrose is added based on the total weight of the mixture. The mixture is then anaerobically fermented at room temperature for 30 days to obtain the mixed feed.

5. The method for preparing co-concentrated feed of water spinach straw and high-moisture forage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-moisture forage grass is a hybrid of Napier grass.

6. The method for preparing co-concentrated feed of water spinach straw and high-moisture forage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of mixed silage feed adopts a mixed silage process, which is as follows: after mixing compound microbial preparation, sucrose and purified water and letting it stand for 24 hours, it is evenly sprayed into the mixed materials, packed into silage bags with exhaust valves, compacted, vacuum sealed and fermented.

7. The application of water spinach straw feed prepared according to any one of claims 1-3 in goat diets, characterized in that, The diet meets the standards for raising meat sheep and can increase the dry matter intake of goats by 9.43%-11.32% and reduce the cost of weight gain by 7.5%-10.0%.

8. The application of the mixed feed prepared according to any one of claims 4-6 in goat diets, characterized in that, The mixed feed, when added to the diet at a ratio of 60% of the dry matter basis, can significantly increase the activity of SOD enzyme in goat serum and reduce the content of MDA.

9. The application according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The crude protein content of the goat diet is 13.2%-13.65%, and the digestible energy is 11.27-11.89 MJ / kg.

10. A functional goat feed, characterized in that, The mixed feed prepared by any one of the methods described in claims 4-6 is mixed with a concentrate supplement, wherein the concentrate supplement contains corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, premix and mineral additives, and the feed has the function of enhancing the antioxidant capacity of goats.

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