Medical flexible lens cannula capable of being bent by 360 degrees

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical flexible lenses, and discloses a 360-degree bendable medical flexible lens cannula which comprises an insertion part and an operation part, a flaring ring is arranged on the side, away from the insertion part, of the operation part, two pull wires are arranged in the insertion part and the operation part, the pull wires are arranged in the insertion part and the operation part in a penetrating mode, and the flaring ring is arranged on the side, away from the operation part, of the operation part. The bending angle of the far end of the insertion part is changed under the driving of the operation part; the insertion part consists of a lining layer, a supporting layer and a coating layer, and is sequentially divided into a far-end insertion part, a middle-section insertion part and a near-end insertion part in the length direction; a wheel shaft used for pulling the pull wire and a hand wheel arranged outside the wheel shaft in a sleeving mode are arranged in the operation part. According to the medical flexible lens cannula, the hand wheel rotates and draws the two traction lines which are arranged in a penetrating mode, so that the far end of the insertion part is bent and deformed in at least two perpendicular directions, and the problem that the clinical operation flexibility is insufficient due to the fact that most traditional medical flexible lens cannulas adopt one-way traction is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical flexible endoscope technology, specifically a 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sleeve. Background Technology

[0002] Flexible medical endoscopes are widely used in clinical settings such as endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, minimally invasive surgery, and lesion observation. With the development of minimally invasive medical technology, the flexibility and operability of flexible endoscope tubes have become important indicators for improving diagnostic and treatment efficiency and patient comfort. Currently, commonly used flexible endoscope tubes are typically made of flexible materials, and the bending of the insertion section is controlled by a single traction wire or mechanical handle to achieve observation and manipulation of the lesion site.

[0003] Traditional flexible medical endoscope cannulas mostly use unidirectional traction or require switching operation modes to achieve bending in different directions. Due to the complexity of the operation steps and the limited directional control, they cause insufficient flexibility in clinical operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a 360-degree flexible medical endoscope cannula, which solves the problem that traditional medical endoscope cannulas mostly use unidirectional traction or require switching operating methods to achieve bending in different directions, easily leading to insufficient flexibility in clinical operations.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a 360-degree flexible medical flexible endoscope cannula, including an insertion part and an operating part, wherein a flaring ring is provided on the side of the operating part away from the insertion part, and two traction lines are provided inside the insertion part and the operating part, wherein the traction lines are provided through the insertion part and the operating part and are used to change the bending angle of the distal end of the insertion part under the drive of the operating part. The insertion part consists of an inner liner, a support layer, and a covering layer, and is divided into a distal insertion part, a middle insertion part, and a proximal insertion part in the length direction. The operating part is provided with a wheel axle for pulling the traction line and a handwheel sleeved on the outside of the wheel axle. The handwheel cooperates with the pressing component to form two states: locked and unlocked. Pressing the pressing component switches the handwheel from the locked state to the unlocked state. The rotation of the handwheel realizes the change of the length of the traction line, causing the distal end of the insertion part to bend and deform in at least two mutually perpendicular directions.

[0006] The above technical solution involves setting a handwheel within the operating section to cooperate with the pressing component to form a locking and unlocking state. By rotating the handwheel, two through-type traction lines are pulled, causing the distal end of the insertion section to bend and deform in at least two mutually perpendicular directions. This allows for multi-directional controllable bending of the distal end of the insertion section under a single operating interface, thereby improving the problem that traditional medical flexible endoscope cannulas mostly use unidirectional traction or require switching operating modes to achieve bending in different directions. Due to the complex operating steps and limited directional control, they cause insufficient flexibility in clinical operation.

[0007] Preferably, the elastic modulus of the support layer in the proximal insertion portion is greater than that in the middle insertion portion, and the elastic modulus of the support layer in the middle insertion portion is greater than that in the distal insertion portion.

[0008] Preferably, the middle insertion portion and the distal insertion portion are provided with internal cavity support ribs, which are spirally wound along the axial direction of the insertion portion.

[0009] Preferably, the pitch of the inner cavity support rib in the middle insertion part is smaller than the pitch of the inner cavity support rib in the distal insertion part.

[0010] Preferably, the middle part of the traction line is wound around the outer wall of the wheel axle, and the inner walls of the insertion part and the operating part are both fixedly connected with a fixing sleeve, and the traction line passes through the inside of the fixing sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the pressing component is a pressing plate, which is fixedly connected to the top of the wheel axle. Pressing the pressing plate can release the rotation restriction of the handwheel. The top surface of the handwheel is provided with a fitting groove, the diameter of which is the same as the diameter of the pressing plate.

[0012] Preferably, a transmission plate and a friction plate are fixedly connected to the middle of the axle, a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the axle, and the traction line is wound between the friction plate and the limiting plate.

[0013] Preferably, a sliding plate is fixedly connected between the transmission plate and the pressing plate, and a groove is provided in the middle of the handwheel, with the sliding plate slidably connected inside the groove.

[0014] Preferably, the transmission plate is located above the friction plate, a return spring is provided between the transmission plate and the friction plate, a support tube is provided outside the return spring, the top surface of the support tube is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the operating part, and the friction plate and the support tube are brought into contact or separated by the pushing action of the return spring.

[0015] Preferably, a friction layer is provided on both the side of the friction plate near the support tube and the side of the support tube near the friction plate, and the support tube, friction plate and limiting plate are located between the operating part and the inner layer plate.

[0016] This invention provides a 360-degree flexible medical endoscope cannula. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this invention, a handwheel is provided in the operating part to cooperate with the pressing component to form a locking and unlocking state. By rotating the handwheel, two through-connected traction lines are pulled, causing the distal end of the insertion part to bend and deform in at least two mutually perpendicular directions. Thus, the distal end of the insertion part can be controlled to bend in multiple directions under a single operating interface. This improves the problem that traditional medical flexible endoscope cannulas mostly use unidirectional traction or require switching operating modes to achieve bending in different directions. Due to the complexity of the operation steps and the limitation of directional control, the flexibility of clinical operation is insufficient.

[0017] 2. In this invention, the insertion part is divided into a distal insertion part, a middle insertion part, and a proximal insertion part along the length direction, and the support layer has different elastic modulus distributions in different insertion parts. This improves the overall transmission stability near the operating part and enhances bending compliance near the distal end. This addresses the problem that traditional medical flexible endoscope cannulas mostly adopt a structural design with uniform overall stiffness, which cannot simultaneously take into account pushing stability and distal flexibility, resulting in inconsistent operating feel.

[0018] 3. In this invention, by setting the inner cavity support ribs spirally wound along the axial direction inside the middle insertion part and the distal insertion part, and using different pitch configurations in different insertion sections, continuous support is formed for the inner cavity while ensuring the bending ability of the insertion part. This improves the problem that traditional medical flexible endoscope cannulas mostly rely on a single flexible tube wall structure to maintain the shape of the inner cavity, and the inner cavity is prone to collapse due to insufficient support when bending or subjected to external forces. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the operating part of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the insertion part of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the material structure of the insertion part of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the internal cavity support rib of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the operating part of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram; Figure 9This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the axle of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the axle of the present invention.

[0020] The components are as follows: 1. Insertion part; 101. Distal insertion part; 102. Middle insertion part; 103. Proximal insertion part; 2. Operating part; 3. Pressing plate; 4. Handwheel; 5. Flaring ring; 6. Fixing sleeve; 7. Traction line; 8. Wheel axle; 9. Support tube; 10. Friction plate; 11. Limiting plate; 12. Inner layer plate; 13. Slide groove; 14. Slide plate; 15. Transmission plate; 16. Fitting groove; 17. Inner lining layer; 18. Support layer; 19. Inner cavity support rib; 20. Covering layer; 21. Return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 6 This invention provides a 360-degree flexible medical endoscope cannula, including an insertion part 1 and an operation part 2. A flaring ring 5 is provided on the side of the operation part 2 away from the insertion part 1. Two traction lines 7 are provided inside the insertion part 1 and the operation part 2. The traction lines 7 are provided through the insertion part 1 and the operation part 2 and are used to change the bending angle of the distal end of the insertion part 1 under the drive of the operation part 2. The insertion part 1 is composed of an inner liner 17, a support layer 18 and a covering layer 20, and is divided into a distal insertion part 101, a middle insertion part 102 and a proximal insertion part 103 in the length direction. The operating part 2 is provided with a wheel axle 8 for pulling the traction line 7 and a handwheel 4 sleeved on the outside of the wheel axle 8. The handwheel 4 cooperates with the pressing component to form two states: locked and unlocked. Pressing the pressing component switches the handwheel 4 from the locked state to the unlocked state. The rotation of the handwheel 4 realizes the change in length of the traction line 7, causing the distal end of the insertion part 1 to bend and deform in at least two mutually perpendicular directions.

[0023] Specifically, by providing a flared ring 5 on the side of the operating part 2 away from the insertion part 1, the flexible endoscope can be guided into the operating part 2, allowing it to enter more smoothly. This improves upon the problem of small openings at the end of the traditional operating part 2, which makes insertion of the flexible endoscope inconvenient. By providing two traction lines 7 inside the insertion part 1 and the operating part 2, force can be transmitted under the drive of the operating part 2, allowing the bending angle of the distal end of the insertion part 1 to be controllably adjusted. The traction lines 7, running through the insertion part 1 and the operating part 2, ensure continuous and balanced force transmission, enabling the distal end of the insertion part 1 to bend in multiple directions without localized force concentration. In this design, the insertion part 1, composed of an inner lining layer 17, a support layer 18, and a covering layer 20, provides structural layered support and flexible adjustment, ensuring that the insertion part 1 maintains a certain degree of shape stability and flexibility during bending. The division into a distal insertion part 101, a middle insertion part 102, and a proximal insertion part 103 along its length provides gradient adjustment of flexibility and rigidity, resulting in moderate flexibility at the distal end and more stable proximal pushing. The presence of an axle 8 for pulling the traction line 7 inside the operating part 2, along with a handwheel 4 sleeved on the outside of the axle 8, provides mechanical drive and torque adjustment, allowing the length of the traction line 7 to be adjusted. The device precisely controls and drives the bending of the insertion section 1. The handwheel 4, in conjunction with the pressing component, creates two states—locked and unlocked—ensuring operational safety. This prevents accidental rotation of the handwheel 4 when not in use. Pressing the pressing component switches the handwheel 4 from the locked to the unlocked state, releasing operational authority and allowing medical personnel to actively control the bending of the insertion section 1. Rotation of the handwheel 4 changes the length of the traction wire 7, directly adjusting the degree of bending of the insertion section 1. This causes the distal end of the insertion section 1 to bend in at least two mutually perpendicular directions, adapting to observation needs in different directions and positions. The design of the handwheel 4 enables structural reuse, allowing the same component to simultaneously perform adjustment and safety control functions. By setting the handwheel 4 in the operating part 2 to cooperate with the pressing component to form a locking and unlocking state, and by rotating the handwheel 4 to pull the two through-connected traction lines 7, the distal insertion part 101 is bent and deformed in at least two mutually perpendicular directions. Thus, the distal end of the insertion part 1 can be bent in multiple directions under a single operating interface. This improves the problem that traditional medical flexible endoscope cannulas mostly use unidirectional traction or require switching operating modes to achieve bending in different directions. Due to the complexity of the operation steps and the limited directional control, the clinical operation flexibility is insufficient.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 5 - Appendix Figure 6 The elastic modulus of the support layer 18 in the proximal insertion portion 103 is greater than that of the support layer 18 in the middle insertion portion 102, and the elastic modulus of the support layer 18 in the middle insertion portion 102 is greater than that of the support layer 18 in the distal insertion portion 101.

[0025] Specifically, by having a greater elastic modulus in the support layer 18 of the proximal insertion part 103 than in the support layer 18 of the mid-section insertion part 102, and a greater elastic modulus in the support layer 18 of the mid-section insertion part 102 than in the support layer 18 of the distal insertion part 101, an elastic gradient can be formed along the length of the insertion part 1. This makes the proximal insertion part 103 more stable during pushing and operation. The mid-section insertion part 102 plays a rotational role and has moderate flexibility during the bending transmission process. The distal insertion part 101, due to its shorter length, can achieve local flexible deformation. The mid-section insertion part 102, as the main bending transmission section, ensures the bending accuracy of the distal insertion part 101. This improves the problem of the uniform overall stiffness of the traditional medical flexible endoscope insertion part 1, which leads to uneven mid-section rotation and unstable proximal pushing.

[0026] Please see the appendix Figure 5 - Appendix Figure 6 The middle insertion part 102 and the distal insertion part 101 are provided with an inner cavity support rib 19, which is spirally wound along the axial direction of the insertion part 1.

[0027] Specifically, the middle insertion part 102 and the distal insertion part 101 are provided with internal cavity support ribs 19, and the internal cavity support ribs 19 are spirally wound along the axial direction of the insertion part 1. This can enhance the internal structural support of the insertion part 1, so that the insertion part 1 can maintain a certain shape stability during bending and operation. At the same time, it improves the problem that the traditional medical flexible endoscope insertion part 1 is prone to local collapse or instability during bending.

[0028] Please see the appendix Figure 5 - Appendix Figure 6 The pitch of the inner cavity support rib 19 in the middle insertion part 102 is smaller than the pitch of the inner cavity support rib 19 in the distal insertion part 101.

[0029] Specifically, by making the pitch of the inner cavity support rib 19 in the middle insertion part 102 smaller than the pitch of the inner cavity support rib 19 in the distal insertion part 101, the bending control precision of the middle insertion part 102 can be enhanced, so that the insertion part 1 can achieve more uniform and controllable bending deformation during operation, thereby improving the problem that the traditional medical flexible endoscope insertion part is prone to uneven bending or local excessive bending when bending in the middle.

[0030] Please see the appendix Figure 2 - Appendix Figure 10 The middle part of the traction line 7 is wound around the outer wall of the wheel axle 8, and the inner walls of the insertion part 1 and the operation part 2 are both fixedly connected to the fixing sleeve 6, and the traction line 7 passes through the inside of the fixing sleeve 6.

[0031] Specifically, by winding the middle of the traction line 7 around the outer wall of the axle 8, the rotation of the handwheel 4 is converted into unidirectional force on the traction line 7. This allows the insertion part 1 to tighten on one side and unwind on the other during bending adjustment. The unidirectional force characteristic of the traction line 7 enables controllable multi-directional bending of the distal end of the insertion part 1, thereby driving the distal end of the insertion part 1 to produce controlled bending, while reducing local stress concentration and ensuring smooth bending. At the same time, the fixing sleeves 6 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of both the insertion part 1 and the operating part 2, which can fix the position of the traction line 7 and guide its movement, so that the traction line 7 maintains a stable path during operation and passes through the interior of the fixing sleeve 6. This makes the traction transmission between the insertion part 1 and the operating part 2 more reliable and effectively improves the problem of inaccurate bending control caused by the traction line 7 in traditional medical flexible endoscope cannulas due to deviation or uneven friction.

[0032] Please see the appendix Figure 7 - Appendix Figure 8 The pressing component is a pressing plate 3, which is fixedly connected to the top of the wheel axle 8. Pressing the pressing plate 3 can release the rotation restriction of the handwheel 4. The top surface of the handwheel 4 is provided with a fitting groove 16, the diameter of which is the same as the diameter of the pressing plate 3.

[0033] Specifically, the pressing component, the pressing plate 3, provides a manual operation interface, allowing operators to easily control the state of the wheel axle 8. The pressing plate 3, fixedly connected to the top of the wheel axle 8, directly transmits pressing force to the wheel axle 8, enabling the handwheel 4 to stably switch states during operation. Pressing the pressing plate 3 releases the rotation restriction of the handwheel 4, controlling its movement and allowing for smooth adjustment of the traction cable 7. The top surface of the handwheel 4 has a fitting groove 16, ensuring precise contact with the pressing plate 3. This results in more even and reliable force transmission during operation, improving upon the problem of unstable handwheel control or inaccurate bending adjustments caused by misoperation in traditional flexible mirror operation.

[0034] Please see the appendix Figure 7 - Appendix Figure 10 A transmission plate 15 and a friction plate 10 are fixedly connected to the middle of the wheel axle 8, and a limit plate 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the wheel axle 8. The traction line 7 is wound between the friction plate 10 and the limit plate 11.

[0035] Specifically, a transmission plate 15 and a friction plate 10 are fixedly connected to the middle of the axle 8, which centralizes the power transmission and friction control of the traction cable 7. This allows the traction cable 7 to be stably stressed and accurately adjust the bending of the insertion part 1 during operation. At the same time, a limit plate 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the axle 8, which limits the running range of the traction cable 7, ensuring that the traction cable 7 maintains a predetermined path during movement. The traction cable 7 is wound between the friction plate 10 and the limit plate 11, which balances the friction and controls the tension of the traction cable 7. This allows the rotation of the handwheel 4 to effectively adjust the length of the traction cable 7, thereby improving the problem of uneven friction or difficulty in controlling tension in the traditional soft lens traction cable 7 drive, which causes inaccurate bending adjustment.

[0036] Please see the appendix Figure 7 - Appendix Figure 10 A slide plate 14 is fixedly connected between the transmission plate 15 and the pressing plate 3. A groove 13 is provided in the middle of the handwheel 4, and the slide plate 14 is slidably connected to the inside of the groove 13.

[0037] Specifically, a slide plate 14 is fixedly connected between the transmission plate 15 and the pressing plate 3. This slide plate connects and coordinates the movement of the pressing plate 3 and the transmission plate 15, allowing the rotation of the handwheel 4 to be effectively transmitted to the axle 8. This, in turn, drives the traction cable 7 at the bottom of the axle 8 to loosen and adjust, thereby adjusting the bending angle at the distal end of the insertion part 1. At the same time, the slide plate 14 is located inside the groove 13 in the middle of the handwheel 4, which guides and constrains the movement of the slide plate 14. This allows the slide plate 14 to slide up and down within the groove 13 as the pressing plate 3 locks and unlocks, achieving smooth force transmission when unlocking and restricted movement when locking. This improves the problems of unstable force transmission and inaccurate traction cable adjustment in traditional flexible mirror operating parts.

[0038] Please see the appendix Figure 7 - Appendix Figure 10 The transmission plate 15 is located above the friction plate 10. A return spring 21 is provided between the transmission plate 15 and the friction plate 10. A support tube 9 is provided outside the return spring 21. The top surface of the support tube 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the operating part 2. The friction plate 10 and the support tube 9 are brought into contact or separated by the pushing action of the return spring 21.

[0039] Specifically, pressing the pressing plate 3 controls the axial movement of the transmission plate 15 along the axle 8, causing the transmission plate 15 to move downwards and compress the return spring 21. This separates the friction plate 10 from the bottom of the support tube 9, releasing the rotation of the handwheel 4. This allows the traction cable 7 to be adjusted by rotating the handwheel 4, thus bending the insertion part 1. Simultaneously, when the pressing plate 3 is released, the return spring 21 pushes the transmission plate 15 upwards, causing the friction plate 10 to re-fit with the support tube 9. This generates sufficient friction between the friction plate 10 and the support tube 9, restricting the rotation of the axle 8. The push of the return spring 21 ensures that the friction plate 10 and the support tube 9 are tightly fitted, generating sufficient friction to lock the axle 8 and lock the traction cable 7. This ensures that the insertion part 1 maintains a stable bending angle when not in operation, thus improving the problems of unreliable reset and locking in traditional flexible endoscope operating parts, which lead to unstable force on the traction cable and inaccurate bending adjustment of the insertion part.

[0040] Please see the appendix Figure 7 - Appendix Figure 10 Friction layers are provided on both the side of the friction plate 10 near the support tube 9 and the side of the support tube 9 near the friction plate 10, and the support tube 9, the friction plate 10 and the limiting plate 11 are located between the operating part 2 and the inner layer plate 12.

[0041] Specifically, friction layers are provided on both the side of the friction plate 10 near the support tube 9 and the side of the support tube 9 near the friction plate 10, which increases the contact friction force, making the adjustment of the traction line 7 during operation more stable and reliable. At the same time, the support tube 9, friction plate 10 and limiting plate 11 are located between the operating part 2 and the inner plate 12, which can fix the friction and limiting mechanism inside the structure of the operating part 2, so that the position of each component is stable during adjustment and the traction force is reliably transmitted. This improves the problem that the friction mechanism in the traditional flexible mirror operating part 2 is easy to loosen or the position is unstable, which causes inaccurate adjustment of the traction line 7.

[0042] Working principle: When it is necessary to adjust the bending angle of the distal end of the insertion part 1, the medical staff presses the pressing plate 3 located in the operating part 2. The pressing plate 3 drives the wheel axle 8 and transmission plate 15 fixedly connected to it to move axially downward, thereby compressing the return spring 21 located between the transmission plate 15 and the friction plate 10, causing the friction plate 10 to separate from the support tube 9 fixed at the bottom of the operating part 2, releasing the friction lock state. At this time, the wheel axle 8 is in a rotatable state, and the handwheel 4 switches from the locked state to the unlocked state. In the unlocked state, the medical staff rotates the handwheel 4, which drives the wheel axle 8 to rotate synchronously. Since the middle part of the two traction lines 7 is wrapped around the outer wall of the wheel axle 8, the rotation of the wheel axle 8 will be converted into unidirectional force on the traction lines 7, causing one side of the traction line 7 to tighten and the other side to unwind. The traction lines 7 are arranged through the insertion part 1 and the operating part 2, and maintain a stable path under the guidance of the fixing sleeve 6, thereby The traction force is continuously and evenly transmitted to the insertion part 1. Under the action of the traction force, the middle insertion part 102 rotates and deforms, driving the distal insertion part 101 to produce controlled bending in at least two mutually perpendicular directions, realizing multi-directional controllable bending of the distal end of the insertion part 1. After the bending adjustment is completed, the medical staff releases the pressing plate 3, and the reset spring 21 pushes the transmission plate 15 upward to reset under its own elasticity, thereby driving the friction plate 10 to re-fit with the support tube 9. Due to the large friction force generated between the friction layers of the friction plate 10 and the support tube 9, the wheel axle 8 is reliably restricted from rotating, and the traction line 7 is locked, so that the insertion part 1 can maintain a stable bending angle in the non-operational state, preventing changes in the bending state due to accidental touch or external force. Through the above structural cooperation and operation process, the present invention realizes 360-degree multi-directional controllable bending of the distal end of the insertion part 1 under a single operation interface.

[0043] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A 360-degree flexible medical endoscope cannula, comprising an insertion part (1) and an operating part (2), characterized in that, The operating part (2) is provided with a flared ring (5) on the side away from the insertion part (1). Two traction lines (7) are provided inside the insertion part (1) and the operating part (2). The traction lines (7) are provided inside the insertion part (1) and the operating part (2) and are used to change the bending angle of the distal end of the insertion part (1) under the drive of the operating part (2). The insertion part (1) is composed of an inner liner (17), a support layer (18) and a covering layer (20), and is divided into a distal insertion part (101), a middle insertion part (102) and a proximal insertion part (103) in the length direction. The operating part (2) is provided with a wheel axle (8) for pulling the traction line (7) and a handwheel (4) sleeved on the outside of the wheel axle (8). The handwheel (4) cooperates with the pressing component to form two states: locked and unlocked. Pressing the pressing component causes the handwheel (4) to switch from the locked state to the unlocked state. The rotation of the handwheel (4) realizes the change in the length of the traction line (7), causing the distal end of the insertion part (1) to bend and deform in at least two mutually perpendicular directions.

2. The 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic modulus of the support layer (18) in the proximal insertion portion (103) is greater than that of the support layer (18) in the middle insertion portion (102), and the elastic modulus of the support layer (18) in the middle insertion portion (102) is greater than that of the support layer (18) in the distal insertion portion (101).

3. The 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle insertion part (102) and the distal insertion part (101) are provided with an inner cavity support rib (19), which is spirally wound along the axial direction of the insertion part (1).

4. The 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pitch of the inner cavity support rib (19) in the middle insertion part (102) is smaller than the pitch of the inner cavity support rib (19) in the distal insertion part (101).

5. A 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the traction line (7) is wound around the outer wall of the wheel axle (8), and the inner walls of the insertion part (1) and the operation part (2) are fixedly connected with a fixing sleeve (6), and the traction line (7) passes through the inside of the fixing sleeve (6).

6. The 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing component is a pressing plate (3), which is fixedly connected to the top of the wheel axle (8). Pressing the pressing plate (3) can release the rotation restriction of the handwheel (4). The top surface of the handwheel (4) is provided with a fitting groove (16), and the diameter of the fitting groove (16) is the same as the diameter of the pressing plate (3).

7. A 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 6, characterized in that: A transmission plate (15) and a friction plate (10) are fixedly connected to the middle of the axle (8), and a limiting plate (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the axle (8). The traction line (7) is wound between the friction plate (10) and the limiting plate (11).

8. A 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 7, characterized in that: A slide plate (14) is fixedly connected between the transmission plate (15) and the pressing plate (3). A groove (13) is provided in the middle of the handwheel (4), and the slide plate (14) is slidably connected to the inside of the groove (13).

9. A 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission plate (15) is located above the friction plate (10). A return spring (21) is provided between the transmission plate (15) and the friction plate (10). A support tube (9) is provided outside the return spring (21). The top surface of the support tube (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the operating part (2). The friction plate (10) and the support tube (9) are brought into contact or separated by the pushing action of the return spring (21).

10. A 360-degree flexible medical endoscope sheath according to claim 9, characterized in that: The friction plate (10) is provided with a friction layer on the side of the support tube (9) and the side of the support tube (9) is provided with the side of the friction plate (10), and the support tube (9), the friction plate (10) and the limiting plate (11) are located between the operating part (2) and the inner plate (12).

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