Low-carbon efficient artificial purification wetland system
By constructing a low-carbon and efficient artificial purification wetland system, combining photovoltaic power supply and specific plant planting, and optimizing the water flow structure, the problems of low wetland purification efficiency and high carbon emissions have been solved, achieving the effect of high-efficiency purification and low carbon emissions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing constructed wetland systems suffer from low purification efficiency and high carbon emissions, especially in rural areas. The difficulty in maintaining submerged plants leads to low purification efficiency, while methane emissions are also significant.
Construct a low-carbon and efficient artificial purification wetland system, including sedimentation tanks, infiltration dams, aeration tanks, and primary and secondary submerged plant ponds. Utilize photovoltaic equipment for power supply, combine specific plants and biological fillers, optimize water flow structure and plant planting, and enhance physical and biological purification effects.
It improved the wetland's purification efficiency and carbon sequestration capacity, reduced carbon emissions, reduced methane emissions through solar power, and improved economic benefits.
Smart Images
Figure CN121850212A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water pollution ecological treatment technology, specifically relating to a low-carbon and high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system. Background Technology
[0002] Constructed wetlands are a common technology for water pollution control. They have relatively low construction costs and are relatively simple to operate and manage, offering advantages over traditional wastewater treatment plants in sparsely populated rural areas. Constructed wetlands remove pollutants using physical, chemical, and biological processes within the wetland system. However, wetland systems are anaerobic environments, and the large amounts of particulate matter, soluble carbon and nitrogen in wastewater, along with secretions and litter from wetland plants, produce significant emissions of greenhouse gases such as methane. The operation of constructed wetlands requires electricity, contributing to carbon emissions and posing a considerable burden on the rural economy. Furthermore, the purification efficiency of constructed wetlands largely depends on submerged plants; currently, there is a lack of technology to maintain the year-round survival and growth of these plants, resulting in a relatively low overall purification efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a low-carbon and high-efficiency artificial wetland purification system that can reduce carbon emissions and improve wetland purification efficiency.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system includes a sedimentation tank (1), a seepage dam (2), an aeration tank (3), a primary submerged plant pond (4), and a secondary submerged plant pond (5) connected sequentially by waterways. A photovoltaic water pump is installed at the inlet of the sedimentation tank (1), and a sawtooth weir (6) is installed at the outlet of the photovoltaic water pump. A sedimentation tank guide embankment (7) is installed inside the sedimentation tank (1), and a net (8) perpendicular to the sedimentation tank guide embankment (7) is also installed inside the sedimentation tank (1). Economic floating plants are planted on the slope of the sedimentation tank guide embankment (7), and water hyacinth, pennywort, and duckweed are planted inside the sedimentation tank (1). Snakehead fish are released into the infiltration dam (2); the infiltration dam (2) is filled with a net bag (9) containing a mixture of biochar and river sand; the aeration tank (3) is filled with a biological packing material (10); the primary submerged plant pond (4) is equipped with an A guide dike (11), Elodea is planted in the primary submerged plant pond (4), and shrimp and grass carp are released into the primary submerged plant pond (4); the secondary submerged plant pond (5) is equipped with a B guide dike (12), Vallisneria natans is planted in the secondary submerged plant pond (5), shrimp and grass carp are released into the secondary submerged plant pond (5), and an overflow outlet (13) is provided at the end of the secondary submerged plant pond (5).
[0005] Preferably, the economic floating plant in the sedimentation tank (1) is water chestnut, and the planting density of water chestnut is 0.8-1.2 plants / meter.2 The planting area of water hyacinth, pennywort and duckweed covers more than 70% of the water surface, and the stocking density of snakehead is 5-10 per mu.
[0006] Preferably, the sedimentation tank (1) has a depth of >3 meters, the sedimentation tank guide dike (7) separates the sedimentation tank (1) into a water flow channel, the width of the water flow channel is <20 meters, and a net (8) is set every 15-20 meters in the sedimentation tank (1), the height of the net (8) is 1.5-2 meters.
[0007] Preferably, the material of the mesh (8) is at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, vinylon fiber, and polyester fiber, and the mesh (8) has a pore size of 30-50 mesh.
[0008] More preferably, the infiltration dam (2) is a fixed rigid porous frame at the front and back, the height of the infiltration dam (2) below the water surface is 0.5-0.7 meters, the volume ratio of biochar and river sand in the mesh bag (9) is 1:1 to 1:3, and the mesh bag (9) has a pore size of 40-100 mesh.
[0009] Preferably, the biological packing material (10) is a three-dimensional elastic packing material made of polymer material; a photovoltaic power generation panel is provided above the aeration tank (3), and an aeration device is provided at the bottom of the aeration tank (3), which is powered by the photovoltaic power generation panel.
[0010] Preferably, the water depth in the primary submerged plant pond (4) is 0.8-1.2 meters, the coverage rate of Elodea in the primary submerged plant pond (4) is >70%, the density of shrimp in the primary submerged plant pond (4) is 200-400 per mu, and the density of grass carp is 5-10 per mu, the A diversion dike (11) separates the water flow channel in the primary submerged plant pond (4), and the width of the water flow channel is <20 meters; the coverage rate of Vallisneria natans in the secondary submerged plant pond (5) is >70%, the water depth in the secondary submerged plant pond (5) is 0.8-1.2 meters, the density of shrimp in the secondary submerged plant pond (5) is 200-400 per mu, and the density of grass carp is 5-10 per mu, the B diversion dike (12) separates the water flow channel in the secondary submerged plant pond (5), and the width of the water flow channel is <20 meters.
[0011] More preferably, photovoltaic oxygenation equipment is installed in the primary submerged plant pond (4) and the secondary submerged plant pond (5) at intervals of 50-100 meters along the water flow direction.
[0012] Preferably, the tops of the sedimentation tank guide dike (7), A guide dike (11), and B guide dike (12) are higher than the water surface, and ornamental emergent plants are planted on the tops.
[0013] More preferably, the ornamental emergent aquatic plants include at least one of water onion, loosestrife, pickerelweed, or canna, with a planting density of 0.5-1 holes / meter. 2 .
[0014] A sluice gate is installed on the waterway connecting the sedimentation tank (1), the infiltration dam (2), the aeration tank (3), the primary submerged plant pond (4), and the secondary submerged plant pond (5).
[0015] The present invention will be further described below: The present invention constructs a sedimentation tank, a seepage dam, an aeration tank, a primary submerged plant tank, and a secondary submerged plant tank connected in sequence.
[0016] A photovoltaic water pump is installed at the inlet of the sedimentation tank; a sawtooth weir is installed at the outlet of the pump to reduce the impact of the water flow on the sedimentation tank; the sedimentation tank is deeper than 3 meters and the water flow channel is 15-20 meters wide; for larger pools, a guide dike is installed to make the water flow channel less than 20 meters wide, effectively avoiding stagnant water; economic floating plants such as water chestnuts are planted on the slope of the guide dike; in deep water areas, water hyacinth, pennywort, and duckweed are planted around the perimeter; a 30-50 mesh net is installed along the cross-section of the water flow, 1.5-2 meters high, with the upper line fixed and the lower line equipped with a sinker to intercept suspended matter and aid sedimentation; the net is made of one or more of the following materials: polypropylene, polyethylene, vinylon fiber, and polyester fiber; a net is installed every 15-20 meters; snakehead (black carp) are released at a rate of 5-10 per acre to control the number of miscellaneous fish.
[0017] The infiltration dam is constructed with a fixed, rigid, porous frame at both ends. The middle of the infiltration dam is filled with mesh bags containing a mixture of biochar and river sand, with a volume ratio of biochar to river sand between 1:1 and 1:3. The mesh bags have a pore size of 40-100 mesh. The infiltration dam is 0.5-0.7 meters below the water surface.
[0018] A photovoltaic power generation panel is installed above the aeration tank; biological packing material is suspended in the aeration tank; an aeration device is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank: the aeration device is powered by photovoltaic power generation.
[0019] The first-level submerged plant pond has a water depth of 0.8-1.2 meters; a guide dike is set up to make the water flow channel 15-20 meters wide; 200-400 shrimp are introduced per acre to feed on plankton and plant debris; grass carp are introduced to control golden apple snails, 5-10 per acre; the pond is fully planted with Elodea nuttallii, so that the coverage of Elodea nuttallii is greater than 70%; when the top of Elodea nuttallii is about to emerge from the water surface, the grass heads are cut and harvested so that the top of Elodea nuttallii is 30-50 cm below the water surface to maintain its year-round survival; to maintain the water purification capacity, the grass heads are cut and harvested in alternating strips; photovoltaic aeration equipment is installed every 50-100 meters along the water flow direction.
[0020] The secondary submerged plant pond has a water depth of 0.8-1.2 meters; a guide dike is installed to create a water flow channel of 15-20 meters; 200-400 freshwater shrimp are introduced per acre to feed on plankton and plant debris; 5-10 grass carp are introduced per acre to control golden apple snails; the pond is fully planted with Vallisneria natans to ensure a coverage of more than 70%; an overflow outlet is installed at the end to control the water level; photovoltaic aeration equipment is installed every 50-100 meters along the water flow direction. The diversion embankment is slightly higher than the water surface. The top of the diversion embankment is planted with ornamental emergent aquatic plants such as water onion, loosestrife, pickerelweed, and canna. Seedlings can be harvested every year for sale.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By configuring fast-growing and economically beneficial aquatic plants, the carbon sequestration capacity, purification efficiency, and economic benefits of wetlands have been improved.
[0022] 2. The use of solar energy reduces carbon emissions. By configuring aerators, dissolved oxygen in the water is increased, which reduces methane emissions from wetlands and also improves purification efficiency.
[0023] 3. By optimizing the configuration of wetland structure, physical processes such as sedimentation, filtration, and adsorption are enhanced, as are the absorption and utilization by plants and the decomposition by microorganisms, thereby improving the wetland purification efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low-carbon and high-efficiency artificial wetland purification system of the present invention.
[0025] Figure 2 The graph shows the effect data of the actual application of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, further descriptions will be provided below in conjunction with specific implementations of the present invention. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments disclosed in the present invention without creative effort should all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] See Figure 1The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system includes a sedimentation tank 1, an infiltration dam 2, an aeration tank 3, a primary submerged plant tank 4, and a secondary submerged plant tank 5, all connected sequentially by waterways. A photovoltaic water pump is installed at the inlet of the sedimentation tank 1, and a sawtooth weir 6 is installed at the outlet of the photovoltaic water pump. A sedimentation tank guide embankment 7 is installed within the sedimentation tank 1, and a net 8 perpendicular to the guide embankment 7 is also installed within the sedimentation tank 1. Economic floating plants are planted on the slope of the guide embankment 7, and water hyacinth, pennywort, and duckweed are planted within the sedimentation tank 1. The sedimentation tank 1 is also used for... The infiltration dam 2 is filled with net bags 9 containing a mixture of biochar and river sand; the aeration tank 3 is filled with suspended biological packing material 10; the primary submerged plant tank 4 is equipped with a guide dike A 11, and Elodea nuttallii is planted in the primary submerged plant tank 4, and freshwater shrimp and grass carp are released into the primary submerged plant tank 4; the secondary submerged plant tank 5 is equipped with a guide dike B 12, and Vallisneria natans is planted in the secondary submerged plant tank 5, and freshwater shrimp and grass carp are released into the secondary submerged plant tank 5, and an overflow outlet 13 is provided at the end of the secondary submerged plant tank 5.
[0029] The economic floating plant in the sedimentation tank 1 is water chestnut, and the planting density of water chestnut is 0.8-1.2 plants / meter. 2The planting area of water hyacinth, pennywort, and duckweed covers more than 70% of the water surface, and the stocking density of snakehead fish is 5-10 per acre. The sedimentation tank 1 has a depth of >3 meters, and the sedimentation tank guide dike 7 separates the water flow channel within the sedimentation tank 1. The width of the water flow channel is <20 meters. A net 8 is installed every 15-20 meters in the sedimentation tank 1, and the height of the net 8 is 1.5-2 meters. The net 8 is made of at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, vinylon fiber, and polyester fiber, and the mesh size of the net 8 is 30-50 mesh. The infiltration dam 2 has a fixed rigid porous frame before and after it. The height of the infiltration dam 2 below the water surface is 0.5-0.7 meters. The volume ratio of biochar and river sand in the net bag 9 is 1:1 to 1:3, and the mesh size of the net bag 9 is 40-100 mesh. The biological packing material is a three-dimensional elastic packing material made of polymer materials; a photovoltaic power generation panel is provided above the aeration tank 3, and an aeration device is provided at the bottom of the aeration tank 3, which is powered by the photovoltaic power generation panel. The primary submerged plant pond 4 has a water depth of 0.8-1.2 meters, and the coverage of Elodea nuttallii in the primary submerged plant pond 4 is greater than 70%. The density of freshwater shrimp in the primary submerged plant pond 4 is 200-400 per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and the density of grass carp is 5-10 per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The A-diversion dike 11 separates the water flow channel in the primary submerged plant pond 4, and the width of the water flow channel is less than 20 meters. The secondary submerged plant pond 5 has a coverage of Vallisneria natans greater than 70%, and the water depth in the secondary submerged plant pond 5 is 0.8-1.2 meters. The density of freshwater shrimp in the secondary submerged plant pond 5 is 200-400 per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and the density of grass carp is 5-10 per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The B-diversion dike 12 separates the water flow channel in the secondary submerged plant pond 5, and the width of the water flow channel is less than 20 meters. Photovoltaic aeration devices are installed every 50-100 meters along the water flow direction in the primary submerged plant pond 4 and the secondary submerged plant pond 5. The tops of the sedimentation tank guide dikes 7, A guide dike 11, and B guide dike 12 are above the water surface and planted with ornamental emergent plants. These ornamental emergent plants include at least one of the following: water onion, loosestrife, pickerelweed, or canna, with a planting density of 0.5-1 hole / meter. 2 A sluice gate is installed on the waterway connecting the sedimentation tank 1, the infiltration dam 2, the aeration tank 3, the primary submerged plant tank 4, and the secondary submerged plant tank 5.
[0030] Practical applications and effects Figure 2 ): The wetland system achieves a total nitrogen removal rate of over 60% and a total phosphorus removal rate of over 80% for both rural domestic sewage and aquaculture wastewater.
Claims
1. A low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system, characterized in that, The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system includes a sedimentation tank (1), a seepage dam (2), an aeration tank (3), a primary submerged plant pond (4), and a secondary submerged plant pond (5) connected sequentially by waterways. A photovoltaic water pump is installed at the inlet of the sedimentation tank (1), and a sawtooth weir (6) is installed at the outlet of the photovoltaic water pump. A sedimentation tank guide embankment (7) is installed inside the sedimentation tank (1), and a net (8) perpendicular to the sedimentation tank guide embankment (7) is also installed inside the sedimentation tank (1). Economic floating plants are planted on the slope of the sedimentation tank guide embankment (7), and water hyacinth, pennywort, and duckweed are planted inside the sedimentation tank (1). Snakehead fish are released into the infiltration dam (2); the infiltration dam (2) is filled with a net bag (9) containing a mixture of biochar and river sand; the aeration tank (3) is filled with a biological packing material (10); the primary submerged plant pond (4) is equipped with an A guide dike (11), Elodea is planted in the primary submerged plant pond (4), and shrimp and grass carp are released into the primary submerged plant pond (4); the secondary submerged plant pond (5) is equipped with a B guide dike (12), Vallisneria natans is planted in the secondary submerged plant pond (5), shrimp and grass carp are released into the secondary submerged plant pond (5), and an overflow outlet (13) is provided at the end of the secondary submerged plant pond (5).
2. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The economic floating plant in the sedimentation tank (1) is water chestnut, and the planting density of water chestnut is 0.8-1.2 plants / meter. 2 The planting area of water hyacinth, pennywort and duckweed covers more than 70% of the water surface, and the stocking density of snakehead is 5-10 per mu.
3. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sedimentation tank (1) has a depth of >3 meters. The sedimentation tank guide dike (7) separates the water flow channel in the sedimentation tank (1). The width of the water flow channel is <20 meters. A net (8) is set every 15-20 meters in the sedimentation tank (1). The height of the net (8) is 1.5-2 meters.
4. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the mesh (8) is at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, vinylon fiber, and polyester fiber, and the mesh (8) has a pore size of 30-50 mesh.
5. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The infiltration dam (2) is a fixed rigid porous frame at the front and back. The height of the infiltration dam (2) below the water surface is 0.5-0.7 meters. The volume ratio of biochar and river sand in the mesh bag (9) is 1:1 to 1:
3. The mesh bag (9) has a pore size of 40-100 mesh.
6. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The biological packing material (10) is a three-dimensional elastic packing material made of polymer materials; a photovoltaic power generation panel is provided above the aeration tank (3), and an aeration device is provided at the bottom of the aeration tank (3), which is powered by the photovoltaic power generation panel.
7. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first-level submerged plant pond (4) has a water depth of 0.8-1.2 meters, and the area covered by Elodea nuttallii is greater than 70%. The density of shrimp released into the first-level submerged plant pond (4) is 200-400 per mu, and the density of grass carp released is 5-10 per mu. The A diversion dike (11) separates the water flow channel in the first-level submerged plant pond (4), and the width of the water flow channel is less than 20 meters. The second-level submerged plant pond (5) has a coverage of Vallisneria natans greater than 70%, and the water depth in the second-level submerged plant pond (5) is 0.8-1.2 meters. The density of shrimp released into the second-level submerged plant pond (5) is 200-400 per mu, and the density of grass carp released is 5-10 per mu. The B diversion dike (12) separates the water flow channel in the second-level submerged plant pond (5), and the width of the water flow channel is less than 20 meters.
8. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Photovoltaic oxygenation equipment is installed every 50-100 meters along the water flow direction in the primary submerged plant pond (4) and the secondary submerged plant pond (5).
9. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The tops of the sedimentation tank guide dikes (7), A guide dike (11), and B guide dike (12) are higher than the water surface, and ornamental emergent plants are planted on the tops.
10. The low-carbon, high-efficiency artificial purification wetland system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The ornamental emergent aquatic plants include at least one of the following: water onion, loosestrife, pickerelweed, or canna, with a planting density of 0.5-1 holes / meter. 2 .