Device for multi-parameter test of composite damage field

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing of a composite damage field, and belongs to the field of explosion mechanics and damage effect evaluation. The system comprises a flexible multifunctional composite sensing module, a distributed signal acquisition and processing module and a data analysis module. The multifunctional composite sensing module comprises a high-temperature-resistant protection layer, a temperature field test module, a shock wave pressure test module and a fragment parameter test module. The whole multifunctional composite sensing module is of a complex curved surface flexible multilayer structure attached to a tested object. The thin film thermocouple array is used for preparing a micro thermocouple node array on the flexible substrate by adopting a micromachining method; the distributed signal acquisition and processing module is used for synchronously acquiring and preprocessing signals of the test sensing layer; and the data analysis module receives the original or preprocessed data from the acquisition module, and performs data analysis and visualization. According to the invention, multiple parameters such as shock waves, fragments and temperature fields in an explosion field can be measured synchronously in situ, and the test precision and efficiency of multiple parameters of a composite damage field are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of explosion mechanics and damage effect assessment, and relates to a flexible sensing test device and method for simultaneous, in-situ testing of multiple parameters such as shock wave overpressure, fragment field distribution and temperature field in an explosion field. It is particularly suitable for assessing the vulnerability of complex curved surface targets under the action of composite damage elements. Background Technology

[0002] Damage effects are usually the result of the combined action of multiple damaging elements, such as shock waves, overpressure, and high-temperature fields. The high-temperature environment generated by an explosion can not only directly ignite materials or cause burns to personnel, but also change air density, affecting shock wave propagation, and, in conjunction with fragmentation, exacerbating damage to the target. Accurately assessing the vulnerability of targets in such complex damage fields is crucial for weapon effectiveness assessment, personnel protection, and equipment survivability design.

[0003] However, existing testing technologies still have shortcomings in this field. First, current testing systems rely on discrete, dedicated sensors. For example, shock wave overpressure measurements use piezoelectric or piezoresistive sensors, fragment velocity and distribution rely on post-event analysis using high-speed photography or velocimetric targets, and temperature measurements often employ discretely arranged thermocouples. These devices are independent, geographically dispersed, and have varying data acquisition systems, making it impossible to acquire multi-physics coupling data under the same spatiotemporal reference and to quantify the temperature field distribution near the fragment impact point. This data fragmentation severely restricts the research on the coupling mechanism of composite damage and the establishment of refined vulnerability models. Second, the testing devices lack adaptability to curved surfaces. The increasing variety and complexity of targets place higher demands on the structural form of measuring devices. Traditional sensors are mostly rigid structures, making it difficult to conformally fit complex curved surfaces such as human models. Furthermore, rigid installation alters the local structural dynamics, interferes with the flow field, and leads to distorted measurement data. In addition, point sensors cannot capture the spatial distribution information of damage elements on the target surface.

[0004] Therefore, an integrated testing system is needed that can conformally fit the target surface and synchronously and in-situ measure multiple parameters of shock waves, fragments, and temperature fields, in order to overcome the technical bottleneck of combined damage effects and target vulnerability assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of isolated measurement parameters, inability to conformally fit, and low spatial resolution in existing damage element testing devices, the purpose of this invention is to provide a device for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields. This device can simultaneously and in-situ measure multiple parameters of shock waves, fragments, and temperature fields in an explosion field, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of testing multiple parameters of composite damage fields.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: The present invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields, comprising a flexible multifunctional composite sensing module, a distributed signal acquisition and processing module, and a data analysis module.

[0007] The multifunctional composite sensing module comprises, from top to bottom, a high-temperature resistant protective layer, a temperature field testing module, a shock wave pressure testing module, and a fragment parameter testing module. The overall multifunctional composite sensing module is a flexible, multi-layered structure that conforms to the complex curved surface of the object being tested.

[0008] The high-temperature resistant protective layer is made of transparent polyimide or flexible quartz glass. It is used to isolate detonation products and resist the impact of small fragments. At the same time, it has thermal insulation properties, which ensures rapid thermal response while preventing instantaneous high temperature from directly damaging the underlying sensor.

[0009] The temperature field testing module mainly consists of a thin-film thermocouple array. The thin-film thermocouple array is a miniature thermocouple junction array fabricated on a first insulating layer using microfabrication methods. An adhesive layer, a first thermocouple material, and a second thermocouple material are sequentially deposited on the first insulating layer using microfabrication methods. The first thermocouple material layers are then patterned sequentially using microfabrication methods to form a series of thermocouple junctions. The first insulating layer serves both as a flexible substrate providing support and as an insulating layer for electrically isolating the temperature field testing sensing layer and the shock wave pressure testing sensing layer. Multiple thermocouple junctions are arranged according to a predetermined pattern, and the temperature of multiple points is measured simultaneously. Each thermocouple junction acts as a temperature sensing pixel, thereby achieving temperature field measurement. This miniature thermocouple junction array is used to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of the target surface temperature field caused by the explosion fireball and high-temperature products, rather than the temperature of a single point. Preferably, the microfabrication methods include sputtering and photolithography. The miniature thermocouple junctions are nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon K-type thermocouples. Arranging multiple thermocouple nodes according to a predetermined pattern includes matrix and radial arrangements.

[0010] The first insulating layer is a thin, flexible insulating material used for electrical isolation of the temperature field testing sensing layer and the shock wave pressure testing sensing layer. Preferably, the flexible insulating material is polyimide, and the thickness of the insulating material is 10~100 μm.

[0011] The shock wave pressure testing modules are arranged in an array. These modules can be implemented based on various sensing principles, such as piezoelectric, resistive, and capacitive. Preferably, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film is used as the sensing element, utilizing the piezoelectric effect to achieve shock wave pressure measurement with high dynamic response characteristics. The shock wave pressure testing module using PVDF as the sensing element mainly includes the PVDF sensing element, electrodes, an impedance matching layer, and a backing material. Electrodes are distributed on both sides of the PVDF film to collect charge. The impedance matching layer protects the sensing element and adjusts the sensor impedance matching; each PVDF unit constitutes a pressure sensing pixel.

[0012] The second insulating layer is a thin, flexible insulating material used for electrically isolating the shock wave pressure testing module and the fragment parameter testing module. Preferably, the flexible insulating material is polyimide, with a thickness of 10~100 μm.

[0013] The fragment parameter testing module, integrated on the second flexible substrate layer, is used for fragment parameter sensing and mainly consists of a network of metal wires. This network is a dense grid of metal wires laid out within the sensing area. The module comprises three layers: a lower wire layer, an intermediate insulating layer, and an upper wire layer. By custom-patterning the upper, lower, and intermediate insulating layers, the upper and lower wire layers are connected only at grid intersections. When a fragment breaks through and severs a grid intersection, the resistance of the loop formed by the upper and lower wires at that intersection will change abruptly. By monitoring the continuity of all grid nodes, the location of the fragment perforation is accurately determined, and the average velocity of the arriving fragment is calculated. Preferably, the metal material is copper or gold.

[0014] To reduce wiring complexity, wireless circuit design is implemented, and thinning technology is used to achieve flexibility in rigid electronic components. Preferably, a device for multi-parameter testing in composite damage fields also includes interconnect lines and an interface layer. The temperature field testing module, shock wave pressure testing module, and fragment parameter testing module in the multifunctional composite sensing module are interconnected vertically via photolithographically or printed metal wires, converging at the interconnect lines and interface layer. Circuit leads are arranged on the interconnect lines and interface layer and converge to an integrated flexible printed circuit (FPCB) interface for connection to a distributed signal acquisition and processing module.

[0015] The first flexible substrate layer, made of a flexible polymer, provides structural support and surface conformability for the entire multifunctional composite sensing module. Each layer of the multifunctional composite sensing module is patterned to fit the shape of the damaged target surface, and customized patterning is achieved through micro-nano fabrication processes. By employing flexible materials or flexible structural optimization, the multifunctional composite sensing module can adapt to the testing and monitoring needs of complex curved surfaces. Micro-nano fabrication processes include photolithography and screen printing. Complex curved surfaces include non-developable surfaces. The flexible polymer is polyimide or silicone.

[0016] Preferably, the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, the first flexible substrate layer, and the second flexible substrate layer are all made of polyimide material.

[0017] The distributed signal acquisition and processing module is used to synchronously acquire and preprocess signals from all test sensor layers. The distributed signal acquisition and processing module can be used in both wired and wireless modes.

[0018] For the wired approach, the distributed signal acquisition and processing module includes a signal conditioning module (amplifier and filter); an acquisition and control module (main control MCU, multi-channel synchronous ADC, and wired communication interface); and a power supply module (independent power management circuit, which can be powered by an external adapter). Each test sensing module transmits signals via leads on this layer, which are wired to the central acquisition box. By fabricating each test sensing module (temperature field test module, shock wave pressure test module, and fragment parameter test module), through-holes are used to concentrate all leads at the bottom layer, achieving modular test setup. The bottom layer leads are wired to the central acquisition box. The acquisition box contains a multi-channel analog front-end, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a main control MCU. The main control MCU, as the control core, controls the relevant circuit components to achieve synchronous sampling of the channels of the temperature field test module, shock wave pressure test module, and fragment parameter test module. The processed data is transmitted to the host computer via a wired connection. The multi-channel analog front-end includes amplification circuits and signal processing equipment for temperature sensing, a charge amplifier for PVDF, and continuity detection circuits for metal wire networks. As a preferred option, wired cabling uses shielded cables.

[0019] For wireless methods, the distributed signal acquisition and processing module includes a signal conditioning module (amplifier, filter); an acquisition and control module (main MCU, multi-channel synchronous ADC, wireless communication interface, data storage); and a power module (integrating lithium battery and its management circuitry). By fabricating vias between each test sensing layer, all relevant leads are concentrated on the bottom layer, which is then used as the acquisition layer for wireless circuit design. The distributed signal acquisition and processing module is miniaturized into multiple "acquisition nodes," all integrated into the acquisition layer. Each node is responsible for signal conditioning, acquisition, and buffering of the sensor array in its area. The nodes transmit data to a remote receiving base station via a high-speed wireless communication protocol, which is then aggregated to the host computer. To maintain the flexibility of the test device, the rigid components are made flexible by thinning electronic components, significantly reducing cables and improving the deployment flexibility and survivability of the system in explosive environments. Preferably, the high-speed wireless communication protocol is Wi-Fi 6E or UWB.

[0020] The signal acquisition and processing module includes a sensor parameter conditioning module, a multi-channel synchronous ADC, a main control MCU, and a power management module. The temperature field testing module converts temperature information into voltage. The shock wave overpressure testing module converts pressure changes into charge changes. The fragment parameter conditioning module converts test information into resistance changes. The temperature field conditioning module, shock wave overpressure conditioning module, and fragment parameter conditioning module convert the above-mentioned raw signal changes into standard voltage signals. These analog voltage signals are then converted into digital quantities by the multi-channel synchronous ADC and transmitted to the main control unit (MCU). The MCU performs timing control, data calibration, data storage, and communication interaction, enabling synchronous acquisition and analysis of the above information. The power management module supplies power to the entire wireless circuit.

[0021] The temperature field conditioning module is mainly used for precise amplification of microvolt-level voltages. The signal is obtained by instrumentation amplifier and low-pass filtering to obtain a suitable voltage signal. The shock wave overvoltage conditioning module completes the original signal processing through charge amplifier, high-speed operational amplifier and high-pass filtering. The fragment parameter testing module realizes signal processing through reference resistor and voltage comparator.

[0022] The data analysis module receives raw or preprocessed data from the acquisition module, performs advanced analysis and visualization, and precisely aligns data from different physical channels on a unified time axis. Based on sensor data, it generates a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of shock wave pressure. Based on temperature field sensor array data, it generates a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of surface temperature field. Based on fragment test layer data, it generates fragment distribution on the target 3D model and estimates fragment velocity distribution statistics. Based on different measured damage parameters, it can conduct composite damage correlation analysis to evaluate the thermo-mechanical coupling damage effect.

[0023] Preferably, a device for multi-parameter testing in a composite damage field also includes a simulated human target. The simulated human target uses a biomimetic human body, with a simulated skeleton inside and biomimetic skin on the outside. More preferably, the simulated skeleton material is a modified epoxy resin-based composite material, and the biomimetic skin material is flexible silicone. Based on human biological statistical data, the equivalent human target is represented as a modular target model consisting of a head, torso, and limbs. The size and mass distribution of each part are calculated using a proportional calculation method that incorporates height H and BMI as core correlation parameters. The total height of the target is proportional to the set human height H; key cross-sectional dimensions and the mass of each component are dynamically adjusted and allocated using a function with BMI as the variable, thereby accurately simulating the differences in shape and mass distribution of human targets from standard to different body types, improving the physical realism of the target. Key cross-sectional dimensions include torso width and thickness, and limb diameter. Different body types include underweight and overweight.

[0024] Using a simulated human target as the injury target, the target area was determined, and key vulnerable areas of the simulated human target were selected. A two-dimensional unfolded diagram of the corresponding target area test sensing module was designed based on the size of the simulated human target, and a flexible multifunctional composite sensing module was attached. The front chest of the target was cleaned, and a thin layer of high-temperature resistant silicone adhesive was evenly applied. The module was then precisely attached to the corresponding part of the simulated human. The flexible multifunctional composite sensing module was pressed by hand to ensure a perfect conformal fit between the flexible multifunctional composite sensing module and the simulated human target, ensuring close contact between the sensing unit and the simulated human surface. Based on three types of physical quantities—fragmentation parameters, shock wave pressure, and temperature field changes—acquired synchronously, a correlation mapping was established with the structural damage and functional loss of the simulated human target. This established a multi-level assessment standard from mild to severe, and the level of human injury was assessed according to the multi-level assessment standard. Vulnerable areas included the chest and head.

[0025] Furthermore, the constructed multi-level evaluation criteria are as follows: Minor damage: The target surface shows slight penetrating pits or superficial scratches, with no fractures of critical load-bearing skeletal structures; 1-3 small fragments weighing 0.1g-2g are recorded hitting the chest; the shock wave pressure level is less than 0.03MPa, which can cause small focal hemorrhages in the lungs but is insufficient to cause severe lung injury; the target surface temperature field testing module records a brief, localized temperature rise, but it does not reach the level of causing severe skin burns; the person is temporarily disabled, but there is no fatal structural damage.

[0026] Moderate damage: The target suffers limb fractures or penetrating damage to the torso; the bionic skeletal material shows clear fractures, but the overall structure is not completely disintegrated; multiple fragments weighing 0.1g to 2g are recorded as hitting the target, or the fragments hit in a highly concentrated sequence, indicating dense impact; the shock wave pressure level is 0.03MPa to 0.1MPa, causing severe internal organ contusions, a significant increase in the lung mass index, and potentially death; the target surface temperature field testing module records significant temperature changes, with an intensity sufficient to cause secondary burns to the skin; the person immediately becomes disabled, suffers fatal injuries, and has a low probability of survival.

[0027] Severe damage: The target's overall structure disintegrates or shatters, or key torso areas are completely destroyed; more than six fragments weighing 0.1g to 2g are recorded as impacts; the fragment parameter testing module itself has a probability of failure due to excessive damage; the peak shock wave pressure exceeds 0.1MPa, making survival almost impossible; more than 80% of the large-area temperature field test signal is lost at the moment of damage; the temperature field testing module is destroyed, or an extremely high temperature rise exceeding 800°C is recorded, resulting in severe burns accompanied by instantaneous carbonization of tissue. Personnel die instantly, with complete destruction of their body structure.

[0028] Beneficial effects: 1. The present invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields. Based on a flexible multi-functional composite sensing module, a signal acquisition and processing module, and a data analysis module, the device is constructed through multi-layer flexible integration to achieve synchronous, in-situ measurement of multiple parameters of shock wave, fragments and temperature field in explosion field, and improve the testing accuracy and efficiency of multiple parameters of composite damage fields.

[0029] 2. This invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields. The first flexible substrate layer is made of flexible polymers such as polyimide or silicone, providing structural support and surface conformability for the entire flexible multifunctional composite sensing module. The entire multifunctional composite sensing module is integrated on the flexible substrate, with an adaptive pattern design based on the surface shape of the damaged target. Customized patterning is achieved through micro-nano fabrication processes. By employing flexible materials or flexible structural optimization, the flexible multifunctional composite sensing module can adapt to the testing and monitoring needs of complex curved surfaces. Furthermore, the conformal conformability of the flexible multifunctional composite sensing module ensures high measurement fidelity, enabling it to adapt to various complex curved surfaces and achieve in-situ testing on complex curved surfaces.

[0030] 3. This invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing of complex damage fields, which arranges multiple thermocouple nodes according to a predetermined pattern and simultaneously measures the temperature at multiple points. Each thermocouple node serves as a temperature sensing pixel, thereby achieving temperature field measurement. This miniature thermocouple node array is used to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature field on the surface of an explosive target, rather than a single-point temperature; that is, by structuring the sensor array, spatial resolution is improved, achieving a measurement leap from "point" to "field".

[0031] 4. This invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing of complex damage fields, which precisely aligns data from different physical channels on a unified time axis. Based on sensor data, a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of shock wave pressure is generated. Based on temperature field sensor array data, a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of surface temperature field is generated. Based on fragment test layer data, fragment distribution is generated on the target three-dimensional model, and fragment velocity distribution statistics are estimated. Based on the measured different damage parameters, complex damage correlation analysis can be carried out to evaluate the thermo-mechanical coupling damage effect.

[0032] 5. This invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing in composite damage fields. The signal acquisition and processing module is used to synchronously acquire and preprocess signals from all test sensor layers. The signal acquisition and processing module can be wired or wireless. In the wired mode, each sensor test module transmits signals within its layer via leads, which are connected to a central acquisition box. Through-holes are created between each test sensor layer to concentrate all leads at the bottom layer, achieving modular test setup. In the wireless mode, through-holes are created between each test sensor module to concentrate all relevant leads at the bottom layer. The bottom layer is used as the acquisition layer for wireless circuit design. Combined with thinner electronic components, the rigid components are made flexible, significantly reducing cables and improving the deployment flexibility and survivability of the test device in an explosion field. The combination of wired and wireless methods helps to improve the integration, deployment flexibility, and reliability of test data acquisition of the test device.

[0033] 6. This invention discloses a device for multi-parameter testing of complex damage fields. Based on human biological statistical data, the equivalent human target is represented as a modular target model consisting of a head, torso, and limbs. The key cross-sectional dimensions and the mass of each component are dynamically adjusted and allocated through a function relationship with the BMI index as a variable, thereby accurately simulating the differences in shape and mass distribution of human targets from standard body size to different body sizes, and constructing a biomimetic simulated human target. Based on the constructed biomimetic simulated human target, three types of physical quantities—fragmentation parameters, shock wave pressure, and temperature field changes—are synchronously collected and mapped with the structural damage and functional loss of the simulated human target, thereby establishing a multi-level assessment standard from light to severe, and assessing the level of human injury according to the multi-level assessment standard. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a device for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the multi-layer structure of the flexible multi-functional composite sensing module; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grid-like fragment parameter testing module; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition and processing module; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter testing device used on a typical human target. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To better illustrate the purpose and advantages of the present invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0036] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, a device for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields is disclosed, including a flexible multifunctional composite sensing module, a distributed signal acquisition and processing module, and a data analysis module. Damage elements generated during an explosion include shock waves, fragments, and heat. The flexible multifunctional composite sensing module senses the damage parameter information of these three types of damage elements. The signal acquisition and processing module converts the damage element information into corresponding electrical signals, realizing data processing and collection. The data analysis module restores the above signals to the corresponding shock wave pressure, fragment distribution and velocity, and temperature, ultimately achieving visualization on a host computer.

[0037] Multifunctional composite sensing modules, such as Figure 2 As shown. From top to bottom, it includes a high-temperature protective layer, a temperature field testing module, a shock wave pressure testing module, and a fragment parameter testing module. The multifunctional composite sensing module is a flexible, multi-layered structure that conforms to the complex curved surface of the object being tested.

[0038] The high-temperature resistant protective layer is made of flexible quartz glass and is used to isolate detonation products and resist the impact of tiny fragments. It also has thermal insulation properties, ensuring a rapid thermal response while preventing instantaneous high temperatures from directly damaging the underlying sensors.

[0039] The temperature field testing module mainly consists of a thin-film thermocouple array. This array is a micro-thermocouple junction array fabricated on a first insulating layer using microfabrication methods. A bonding layer (Ti), a first thermocouple material (NiCr), and a second thermocouple material (NiSi) are sequentially deposited on the first insulating layer using microfabrication methods. The first thermocouple material layers are then patterned sequentially to form a series of thermocouple junctions. The first insulating layer serves both as a flexible substrate providing support and as an insulating layer for electrically isolating the temperature field testing sensing layer and the shock wave pressure testing sensing layer. Multiple thermocouple junctions are arranged according to a predetermined pattern, with a matrix distribution of 5mm spacing. The temperature of multiple points is measured simultaneously, with each thermocouple junction acting as a temperature sensing pixel, thus achieving temperature field measurement. This micro-thermocouple junction array is used to capture the temperature field distribution on the target surface. Microfabrication methods include sputtering and photolithography. The micro-thermocouple junctions are NiCr-NiSi K-type thermocouples.

[0040] The first insulating layer is a thin, flexible insulating material used for electrical isolation of the temperature field testing sensing layer and the shock wave pressure testing sensing layer. The flexible insulating material is made of polyimide and has a thickness of 100 μm.

[0041] The shock wave pressure testing modules are arranged in an array. These modules use polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film as the sensing element, utilizing the piezoelectric effect to achieve shock wave pressure measurement with high dynamic response characteristics. The shock wave pressure testing module, using PVDF as the sensing element, mainly consists of the PVDF sensing element, electrodes, an impedance matching layer, and a backing material. Electrodes are distributed on both sides of the PVDF film to collect charge. The impedance matching layer protects the sensing element and adjusts the sensor impedance matching; each PVDF unit constitutes a pressure sensing pixel. Through a transfer printing process, pre-polarized circular PVDF piezoelectric film units with a diameter of 5mm, i.e., the shock wave pressure testing modules, are integrated onto the second insulating layer in a matrix with a spacing of 10mm.

[0042] The second insulating layer is a thin, flexible insulating material used for electrically isolating the shock wave pressure testing module and the fragment parameter testing module. The flexible insulating material is made of polyimide and has a thickness of 100 μm.

[0043] The fragment parameter testing module, used for fragment parameter sensing, is integrated onto the second flexible substrate and primarily consists of a network of metal wires. This metal wire network is a dense mesh of metal wires laid out within the sensing area. For example... Figure 3As shown, the fragment parameter testing module consists of three layers: a lower conductive layer, a middle insulating layer, and an upper conductive layer. By custom-patterning the upper, lower, and middle insulating layers, the upper and lower conductive layers are connected only at grid intersections. When a fragment breaks through and severs a grid intersection, the circuit resistance formed by the upper and lower conductive lines at that intersection will change abruptly. By monitoring the continuity of all grid nodes, the location of the fragment perforation is precisely calibrated, and the average velocity of the arriving fragment is calculated. The metal material is copper. A 500nm thick copper film is deposited on the second flexible substrate using magnetron sputtering. The second flexible substrate material is polyimide with a thickness of 100μm.

[0044] The first flexible substrate layer, made of flexible polymer polyimide, provides structural support and surface conformability for the entire multifunctional composite sensing module. Each layer of the multifunctional composite sensing module is patterned to fit the surface shape of the target being damaged, and customized patterns are achieved through micro-nano fabrication processes. The use of flexible materials allows the multifunctional composite sensing module to adapt to the testing and monitoring needs of the complex curved surface of the chest of a human equivalent target. Micro-nano fabrication processes include photolithography and screen printing.

[0045] The distributed signal acquisition and processing module is used to synchronously acquire and preprocess signals from all test sensor layers, such as... Figure 4 As shown. The distributed signal acquisition and processing module adopts a wired connection.

[0046] For the wired configuration, the distributed signal acquisition and processing module includes a signal conditioning module (amplifier and filter), an acquisition and control module (main control MCU, multi-channel synchronous ADC, and wired communication interface), and a power supply module (independent power management circuit, which can be powered by an external adapter). Each test sensing module transmits signals via leads on this layer, which are connected to the central acquisition box via wired connections. By fabricating each test sensing module (temperature field test module, shock wave pressure test module, and fragment parameter test module), through-holes are used to concentrate all leads at the bottom layer, achieving modular test setup. The bottom layer leads are connected to the central acquisition box via wired connections. The acquisition box contains a multi-channel analog front-end, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a main control MCU. The main control MCU, as the control core, controls the relevant circuit components to achieve synchronous sampling of the channels of the temperature field test module, shock wave pressure test module, and fragment parameter test module. The processed data is transmitted to the host computer via wired connections. The multi-channel analog front-end includes amplification circuits and signal processing equipment for temperature sensing, a charge amplifier for PVDF, and continuity detection circuits for metal wire networks. Shielded cables are used for wired cabling.

[0047] The signal acquisition and processing module includes a sensor parameter conditioning module, a multi-channel synchronous ADC, a main control MCU, and a power management module. The temperature field testing module converts temperature information into voltage. The shock wave overpressure testing module converts pressure changes into charge changes. The fragment parameter conditioning module converts test information into resistance changes. The temperature field conditioning module, shock wave overpressure conditioning module, and fragment parameter conditioning module convert the above-mentioned raw signal changes into standard voltage signals. These analog voltage signals are then converted into digital quantities by the multi-channel synchronous ADC and transmitted to the main control unit (MCU). The MCU performs timing control, data calibration, data storage, and communication interaction, enabling synchronous acquisition and analysis of the above information. The power management module supplies power to the entire wireless circuit.

[0048] The temperature field conditioning module is mainly used for precise amplification of microvolt-level voltages. The signal is obtained by instrumentation amplifier and low-pass filtering to obtain a suitable voltage signal. The shock wave overvoltage conditioning module completes the original signal processing through charge amplifier, high-speed operational amplifier and high-pass filtering. The fragment parameter testing module realizes signal processing through reference resistor and voltage comparator.

[0049] Experimental Execution and Data Acquisition. During the experiment, the PVDF array of the shock wave pressure sensing layer output a strong charge signal, recording the spatiotemporal distribution of the shock wave overpressure. When fragments impacted the flexible test sensing layer, the fragment test layer activated, severing the fracture wire network and generating a digital open-circuit signal. The voltage signal measured by the thin-film thermocouple array of the temperature field sensing layer began to rise rapidly, reflecting the dynamic distribution of the simulated human body surface temperature. After acquisition and a series of processing steps, the signals were finally transmitted to the host computer. Based on the timestamp of the acquisition, multiple measurement parameters were aligned to achieve multi-parameter composite measurement.

[0050] The host computer data analysis platform receives raw or preprocessed data from the acquisition module, performs advanced analysis and visualization, and precisely aligns data from different physical channels on a unified time axis. Based on sensor data, it generates a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of shock wave pressure. Based on temperature field sensor array data, it generates a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of surface temperature field. Based on fragment test layer data, it generates fragment distribution on the target 3D model and estimates fragment velocity distribution statistics. Based on the measured damage parameters, it can conduct composite damage correlation analysis to evaluate the thermo-mechanical coupling damage effect.

[0051] A device for multi-parameter testing in complex damage fields also includes a simulated human target. The simulated human target uses a biomimetic human body with a simulated skeleton inside and biomimetic skin on the outside. The simulated skeleton is made of modified epoxy resin-based composite material, and the biomimetic skin is made of flexible silicone. Based on human biological statistical data, the equivalent human target is represented as a modular target model consisting of a head, torso, and limbs. Based on adult human body size standards and statistical averages, the human height is determined to be 170cm, the BMI to be 22.5, and the target's total height is established at a 1:1 ratio to the set human height. The torso width is 44cm (shoulder width), the torso thickness is 24cm (chest thickness), the arm diameter is 9cm, and the leg diameter is 15cm.

[0052] Using a simulated human target as the injury target, the target area was determined, and the critical vulnerable anterior chest region of the simulated human target was selected. A two-dimensional unfolded diagram of the corresponding target area test sensor module was designed according to the size of the simulated human target, and a flexible multifunctional composite sensor module was attached. The front side of the target's chest was cleaned, and a thin layer of high-temperature resistant silicone adhesive was evenly applied. The module was then precisely attached to the corresponding part of the simulated human. The flexible multifunctional composite sensor module was pressed by hand to ensure no air bubbles or wrinkles, achieving a perfect conformal fit between the flexible multifunctional composite sensor module and the simulated human target, ensuring close contact between the sensor unit and the simulated human surface. Based on three types of physical quantities—fragmentation parameters, shock wave pressure, and temperature field changes—acquired synchronously, a correlation mapping was established with the structural damage and functional loss of the simulated human target, thereby establishing a multi-level assessment standard from mild to severe. The severity of human injury was assessed based on this multi-level assessment standard. Vulnerable areas include the anterior chest, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0053] Minor damage: The target surface shows slight penetrating pits or superficial scratches, with no fractures of critical load-bearing skeletal structures; 1-3 small fragments weighing 0.1g-2g are recorded hitting the chest; the shock wave pressure level is less than 0.03MPa, which can cause small focal hemorrhages in the lungs but is insufficient to cause severe lung injury; the target surface temperature field testing module records a brief, localized temperature rise, but it does not reach the level of causing severe skin burns; the person is temporarily disabled, but there is no fatal structural damage.

[0054] Moderate damage: The target suffers limb fractures or penetrating damage to the torso; the bionic skeletal material shows clear fractures, but the overall structure is not completely disintegrated; multiple fragments weighing 0.1g to 2g are recorded as hitting the target, or the fragments hit in a highly concentrated sequence, indicating dense impact; the shock wave pressure level is 0.03MPa to 0.1MPa, causing severe internal organ contusions, a significant increase in the lung mass index, and death; the target surface temperature field testing module records significant temperature changes, with an intensity sufficient to cause secondary burns to the skin; the person immediately becomes disabled, suffers fatal injuries, and has a low probability of survival.

[0055] Severe damage: The target's overall structure disintegrates or shatters, or key torso areas are completely destroyed; more than six fragments weighing 0.1g to 2g are recorded as impacts; the fragment parameter testing module itself has a probability of failure due to excessive damage; the peak shock wave pressure exceeds 0.1MPa, making survival almost impossible; more than 80% of the large-area temperature field test signal is lost at the moment of damage; the temperature field testing module is destroyed, or an extremely high temperature rise exceeding 800°C is recorded, resulting in severe burns accompanied by instantaneous carbonization of tissue. Personnel die instantly, with complete destruction of their body structure.

[0056] The above detailed description further illustrates the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for multi-parameter testing of a composite damage field, characterized by: It includes a flexible multifunctional composite sensing module, a distributed signal acquisition and processing module, and a data analysis module; The multifunctional composite sensing module includes, from top to bottom, a high-temperature resistant protective layer, a temperature field testing module, a shock wave pressure testing module, and a fragment parameter testing module. The multifunctional composite sensing module is a flexible multi-layer structure that conforms to the complex curved surface of the object being tested. The temperature field testing module is mainly composed of a thin-film thermocouple array. The thin-film thermocouple array is a micro thermocouple node array prepared on the first insulating layer by microfabrication method. On the first insulating layer, an adhesive layer, a first thermocouple material, and a second thermocouple material are deposited sequentially by microfabrication method. The first thermocouple material layer and the first thermocouple material layer are patterned sequentially by microfabrication method to form a series of thermocouple nodes. The first insulating layer serves both as a support for the flexible substrate and as an insulating layer for electrical isolation of the temperature field test sensing layer and the shock wave pressure test sensing layer. Multiple thermocouple nodes are arranged according to a predetermined pattern to simultaneously measure the temperature of multiple points. Each thermocouple node acts as a temperature sensing pixel to achieve temperature field measurement. This miniature thermocouple node array is used to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of the target surface temperature field caused by the explosion fireball and high-temperature products, rather than the temperature at a single point. The fragment parameter testing module, integrated on the second flexible substrate layer, is used for fragment parameter sensing and mainly consists of a metal wire network. This network is a dense grid of metal wires laid out within the sensing area. The module comprises three layers: a lower wire layer, a middle insulating layer, and an upper wire layer. By custom-patterning the upper, lower, and middle insulating layers, the upper and lower wire layers are connected only at grid intersections. When a fragment breaks through and cuts through a grid intersection, the loop resistance formed by the upper and lower wires at that intersection will change abruptly. By monitoring the continuity of all grid nodes, the module accurately calibrates the location of the fragment perforation and calculates the average velocity of the arriving fragment. The distributed signal acquisition and processing module is used to synchronously acquire and preprocess signals from all test sensor layers; The distributed signal acquisition and processing module includes a sensor parameter conditioning module, a multi-channel synchronous ADC, a main control MCU, and a power management module; The temperature field testing module converts temperature information into voltage; the shock wave overpressure testing module converts pressure changes into charge changes; the fragment parameter conditioning module converts test information into resistance changes; the temperature field conditioning module, shock wave overpressure conditioning module, and fragment parameter conditioning module convert the above-mentioned original signal changes into standard voltage signals, and the above-mentioned analog voltage signals are converted into digital quantities through a multi-channel synchronous ADC and transmitted to the main control unit MCU. The main control MCU completes timing control, data calibration, data storage, and communication interaction to realize the synchronous acquisition and analysis of the above information; the power management module provides power to the entire wireless circuit; The temperature field conditioning module is mainly used for precise amplification of microvolt-level voltages. The signal is obtained by instrumentation amplifier and low-pass filtering to obtain a suitable voltage signal. The shock wave overvoltage conditioning module completes the original signal processing through charge amplifier, high-speed operational amplifier and high-pass filtering. The fragment parameter testing module realizes signal processing through reference resistor and voltage comparator.

2. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The data analysis module receives raw or preprocessed data from the acquisition module, performs data analysis and visualization, and precisely aligns data from different physical channels on a unified time axis; based on sensor data, it generates a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of shock wave pressure; based on temperature field sensor array data, it generates a spatiotemporal distribution cloud map of surface temperature field. Based on the fragment test layer data, fragment distribution is generated on the target 3D model, and fragment velocity distribution statistics are estimated; composite damage correlation analysis can be carried out based on the measured different damage parameters to evaluate the thermo-mechanical coupling damage effect.

3. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes the interconnect lines and interface layer; The temperature field testing module, shock wave pressure testing module, and fragment parameter testing module in the multifunctional composite sensing module are interconnected vertically by photolithographic or printed metal wires, and converge to the interconnection line and interface layer. Circuit leads are arranged in the interconnection line and interface layer and converge to an integrated flexible printed circuit (FPCB) interface for connection with the distributed signal acquisition and processing module.

4. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The first flexible substrate layer is made of a flexible polymer, providing structural support and surface fitting capability for the entire multifunctional composite sensing module. Each layer of the multifunctional composite sensing module is designed with an adaptive pattern based on the shape of the damaged target surface, and the patterning is achieved through micro-nano fabrication technology. By using flexible materials or flexible structure optimization, the multifunctional composite sensing module can adapt to the testing and monitoring needs of complex curved surfaces. The micro-nano fabrication technology includes photolithography and screen printing. The flexible polymer is polyimide or silicone.

5. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film as the sensing unit, the shock wave pressure measurement with high dynamic response characteristics is achieved by utilizing the piezoelectric effect. The shock wave pressure test module using PVDF as the sensing unit mainly includes the sensing unit PVDF, electrodes, impedance matching layer, and backing material. The electrodes are distributed on both sides of the PVDF film to collect charges. The impedance matching layer is used to protect the sensing unit and adjust the impedance matching of the sensor. Each PVDF unit constitutes a pressure sensing pixel.

6. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The distributed signal acquisition and processing module can be used in both wired and wireless modes; For wired systems, the distributed signal acquisition and processing module includes a signal conditioning module, which includes amplifiers and filters; and an acquisition and control module, which includes a main control MCU, a multi-channel synchronous ADC, and a wired communication interface. The power module, including an independent power management circuit, can be powered by an external adapter. Each test sensing module transmits signals via leads on this layer, which are connected to the central acquisition box via wires. By fabricating each test sensing module, including the temperature field test module, shock wave pressure test module, and fragment parameter test module, through-holes are used to concentrate all leads at the bottom layer, realizing modular test setup. The bottom layer leads are connected to the central acquisition box via wires. The acquisition box contains a multi-channel analog front-end, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a main control MCU. The main control MCU, as the control core, controls the relevant circuit components to achieve synchronous sampling of the channels of the temperature field test module, shock wave pressure test module, and fragment parameter test module. The processed data is transmitted to the host computer via a wire. The multi-channel analog front-end includes amplification circuits and signal processing equipment for temperature sensing, a charge amplifier for PVDF, and continuity detection circuits for metal wire networks. For wireless methods, the distributed signal acquisition and processing module includes a signal conditioning module, which includes amplifiers and filters; and an acquisition and control module, which includes a main control MCU, a multi-channel synchronous ADC, a wireless communication interface, and a data storage device. The power module integrates a lithium battery and its management circuit; by fabricating through-holes between each test sensing layer, all relevant leads are concentrated at the bottom layer, and the bottom layer is used as the acquisition layer for wireless circuit design; the distributed signal acquisition and processing module is miniaturized into multiple "acquisition nodes", all of which are integrated into the acquisition layer, and each node is responsible for signal conditioning, acquisition and buffering of the sensing array in its area. The nodes send data to a remote receiving base station via a high-speed wireless communication protocol, which is then aggregated to the host computer. By reducing the thickness of electronic components, rigid components are made more flexible, significantly reducing cables and improving the deployment flexibility of the testing equipment and the system's survivability in explosive environments.

7. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Microfabrication methods include sputtering and photolithography; the micro thermocouple junctions are nickel-chromium-nickel-silicon K-type thermocouples; the arrangement of multiple thermocouple junctions according to a predetermined pattern includes matrix and radial arrangements; The high-speed wireless communication protocol is Wi-Fi 6E or UWB; The high-temperature resistant protective layer is made of transparent polyimide or flexible quartz glass. It is used to isolate detonation products and resist the impact of small fragments. At the same time, it has thermal insulation properties, which ensures rapid thermal response while preventing instantaneous high temperature from directly damaging the underlying sensor. The flexible insulation material is made of polyimide, and the thickness of the insulation material is 10~100 μm; The metal material is copper or gold; Wired cabling uses shielded cables.

8. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes simulated human targets, which use bionic simulated human bodies with simulated skeletons inside and bionic skin on the outside.

9. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The simulated skeleton material is a modified epoxy resin-based composite material, and the biomimetic skin material is flexible silicone. Based on human biological statistics, the human equivalent target is equivalent to a modular target model consisting of the head, torso, and limbs. The size and mass distribution of each part are calculated by introducing height H and BMI as core correlation parameters. The total height of the target is proportional to the set human height H. The key cross-sectional dimensions and the mass of each component are dynamically adjusted and allocated through a functional relationship with the BMI index as a variable, accurately simulating the differences in shape and mass distribution of human targets from standard body type to different body types; Key cross-sectional dimensions include torso width and thickness, and limb diameter; different body types include lean and overweight. Using a simulated human target as the injury target, the target area is determined, and the key vulnerable areas of the simulated human target are selected. A two-dimensional unfolded diagram of the corresponding target area test sensor module is designed according to the size of the simulated human target, and a flexible multifunctional composite sensor module is attached. The front side of the target's chest is cleaned and uniformly coated with a high-temperature resistant silicone adhesive. The module is then precisely attached to the corresponding part of the simulated human body. The flexible multifunctional composite sensor module is pressed by hand to ensure no air bubbles or wrinkles, achieving a perfect conformal fit between the flexible multifunctional composite sensor module and the simulated human target, ensuring close contact between the sensor unit and the simulated human surface. Based on three types of physical quantities—fragmentation parameters, shock wave pressure, and temperature field changes—acquired synchronously, a correlation mapping is established with the structural damage and functional loss of the simulated human target, thereby establishing a multi-level assessment standard from mild to severe. The level of human injury is assessed according to this multi-level assessment standard. Vulnerable areas include the chest and head.

10. The apparatus for multi-parameter testing of composite damage fields as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The constructed multi-level evaluation criteria are as follows: Minor damage: The target surface shows slight penetrating pits or superficial scratches, with no fractures of critical load-bearing skeletal structures; 1-3 small fragment impact signals weighing 0.1g-2g are recorded on the chest; the shock wave pressure level is less than 0.03MPa, causing small focal hemorrhages in the lungs but not enough to cause severe lung injury; the target surface temperature field testing module records a brief, localized temperature rise, but not enough to cause severe skin burns; the person is temporarily disabled, but there is no fatal structural damage. Moderate damage: The target suffers limb fractures or penetrating damage to the torso; the bionic skeletal material shows clear fractures, but the overall structure is not completely disintegrated; multiple fragments weighing 0.1g to 2g are recorded as hitting the target, or the fragments hit in a highly concentrated sequence, indicating dense impact; the shock wave pressure level is 0.03MPa to 0.1MPa, causing severe internal organ contusions, a significant increase in the lung mass index, and death; the target surface temperature field testing module records significant temperature changes, with an intensity sufficient to cause secondary burns to the skin; The person will immediately become incapacitated, suffer fatal injuries, and have a low probability of survival; Severe damage: The overall structure of the target disintegrates or shatters, or key torso parts are completely destroyed; more than 6 fragments weighing 0.1g to 2g are recorded to hit the target, and the fragment parameter testing module itself has a probability of failure due to excessive damage; the peak shock wave pressure is higher than 0.1MPa, and personnel have almost no chance of survival; more than 80% of the large-area temperature field test signal is lost at the moment of damage, the temperature field test module is destroyed, or an extremely high temperature rise of more than 800°C is recorded, resulting in severe burns accompanied by instantaneous carbonization of tissues.

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