Top coal caving mining frame rear arch structure judgment method based on working resistance change of hydraulic support

Abstract

The invention discloses a top coal caving mining frame rear arch structure judgment method based on working resistance changes of hydraulic supports, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: continuously monitoring the working resistance of all the hydraulic supports of a working face in real time, and judging a consistent arch structure judgment model when abnormal data deviating from a normal fluctuation range appears in working resistance data, wherein the arch structure judgment model comprises a single-frame bearing arch, an adjacent-frame collaborative arch, a plurality of large arches and a local-frame-goaf arch; according to the arch structure type and the arch springing position specified in the arch structure judgment model, a coal caving mechanism of the hydraulic support is repeatedly operated and / or the coal caving sequence is adjusted through a control system, so that pressure distribution is changed, a coal body is disturbed to damage the arch structure, and a top coal caving channel is dredged. Based on real-time monitoring data of the working resistance of the hydraulic support, dynamic recognition and positioning of the rear arch structure of the support are achieved, the recognition precision is high, the response speed is high, and dependence on artificial experience is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground coal mining technology, and in particular to a method for determining the structure of the rear arch of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of hydraulic supports. Background Technology

[0002] Top-coal caving is a highly efficient thick coal seam mining technique. However, in actual production, an "arch structure" often forms behind the supports, hindering the smooth release of top coal and severely impacting mining efficiency and coal resource recovery. Traditional methods for identifying arch structures behind supports mainly rely on manual observation, experience-based judgment, or theoretical analysis based on geological conditions. These methods suffer from problems such as strong lag, low identification accuracy, and dependence on subjective experience. Furthermore, the formation of arch structures is closely related to the working face pressure distribution, coal failure characteristics, and support operating conditions. Existing methods struggle to achieve real-time, dynamic, and accurate identification and positioning of arch structures, making it impossible to take timely and targeted measures to destroy the arch structure, thus affecting safe production and economic benefits.

[0003] With the development of intelligent coal mining technology, hydraulic support working resistance monitoring systems have been widely used in working faces, providing a data foundation for real-time analysis of the support's stress state. However, a systematic method for dynamically identifying the arch structure behind the support based on the characteristics of working resistance changes has not yet been formed, which fails to fully realize the value of monitoring data and restricts the optimization and intelligentization of top coal caving mining technology.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to determine the arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of hydraulic supports. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for determining the arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of the hydraulic support. It solves the problems of traditional methods relying on manual experience, delayed identification, and insufficient accuracy, and realizes real-time, dynamic, and high-precision identification and positioning of the arch structure.

[0006] This invention provides a method for determining the rear arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of the hydraulic support, specifically including the following steps: The working resistance of all hydraulic supports on the working face is monitored in real time and continuously. When abnormal data deviates from the normal fluctuation range in the working resistance data, the arch structure judgment model is determined to be in compliance. The arch structure judgment model includes single-support bearing arch, adjacent support cooperative arch, multi-support large arch, and local support-goaf arch. Based on the arch structure type and arch foot position specified in the arch structure determination model, the control system repeatedly operates the coal feeding mechanism of the hydraulic support and / or adjusts the coal feeding sequence to change the pressure distribution, disturb the coal body to destroy the arch structure, and clear the top coal feeding channel.

[0007] The method for determining the arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of hydraulic supports, preferably, includes the following steps in the method for constructing the arch structure determination model: Real-time and continuous monitoring of the working resistance of all hydraulic supports on the working face; Analyze the working resistance data and identify abnormal data that deviates from the normal fluctuation range. The abnormal data indicates that an arch structure is formed behind the hydraulic support where the abnormal data occurs, and part of the pressure of the overlying rock layer in the goaf is transferred to the adjacent or non-adjacent hydraulic support. At this time, the adjacent or non-adjacent hydraulic support is located at the arch foot. Based on the typical relationship between different arch foot positions and changes in working resistance, an arch structure determination model is constructed.

[0008] The method for determining the arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of hydraulic supports, preferably, involves determining the normal fluctuation range through historical data statistics or theoretical calculations, and identifying abnormal data using methods such as thresholding, sliding windowing, or machine learning classification algorithms.

[0009] The method for determining the arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of hydraulic supports, preferably, includes the following arch structure types and arch foot positions in the arch structure determination model: Single-frame load-bearing arch: The working resistance of a certain hydraulic support is consistently significantly higher than that of the adjacent hydraulic supports, and the duration exceeds a set threshold. Adjacent support coordinated arch: The working resistance of two or three adjacent hydraulic supports increases abnormally synchronously, exhibiting coordinated load-bearing characteristics; Multiple large arches: The working resistance of multiple hydraulic supports is raised as a whole, forming a large-scale pressure arch structure; The arch between the main support and the goaf is characterized by an abnormally high working resistance of the hydraulic support on the main support and a decrease in resistance of the hydraulic support on the adjacent goaf side, indicating that the arch foot is located between the hydraulic support of the main support and the goaf.

[0010] The method for determining the rear arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of the hydraulic support, preferably, includes the operation of the coal feeding mechanism including one or more of the following: repeatedly extending and retracting the coal feeding plate, adjusting the opening of the coal feeding port, and changing the coal feeding rhythm.

[0011] The method for determining the arch structure of the top coal caving mining frame based on the change of working resistance of hydraulic supports, preferably, includes adjusting the coal release sequence by one or more of skip coal release, segmented coal release, or reverse coal release.

[0012] The method for determining the arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on changes in the working resistance of hydraulic supports, preferably, further includes verification of the arch structure failure effect, specifically including the following steps: After the coal feeding operation of the coal feeding mechanism is carried out, the change in working resistance is continuously monitored. If the abnormal data returns to the normal fluctuation range, it is determined that the arch structure has been damaged. After the coal feeding mechanism is activated, the working resistance changes are monitored. If the abnormal data returns to the normal fluctuation range, it is determined that the arch structure is not damaged. The coal feeding mechanism and / or the coal feeding sequence are then repeatedly operated through the control system.

[0013] The beneficial effects are: 1. This invention is based on real-time monitoring data of the working resistance of hydraulic supports to achieve dynamic identification and positioning of the arch structure behind the support. It has high identification accuracy and fast response speed, reducing the reliance on human experience.

[0014] 2. This invention establishes a correspondence model between "working resistance variation characteristics and arch structure morphology", which can accurately distinguish different types of arch structures and provide a basis for targeted destruction of arch structures.

[0015] 3. This invention achieves integrated "monitoring-judgment-control", which can automatically or semi-automatically perform coal release operation adjustments, thereby improving the intelligence level and resource recovery rate of top coal caving mining.

[0016] This invention addresses the problems of traditional methods for identifying the arch structure behind the support frame, which suffer from strong lag, low accuracy, reliance on subjective experience, and difficulty in achieving real-time, dynamic, and precise identification and positioning of the arch structure, thus hindering timely and targeted measures to destroy it. This invention, by real-time monitoring of changes in the working resistance of the hydraulic support, identifies abnormal pressure distribution patterns, determines the formation and type of the arch structure behind the support frame, and adjusts the coal discharge process accordingly to destroy the arch structure and ensure smooth release of top coal. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a single-frame load-bearing arch in the arch structure determination model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adjacent frame cooperating arch in the arch structure determination model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of multiple large arches in the arch structure determination model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arch structure of the main frame-goaf arch in the arch structure determination model; Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating abnormal data that exceeds the normal fluctuation range.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Hydraulic support; 2. Working resistance sensor; 3. Data acquisition unit; 4. Arch structure determination module; 5. Control system; 6. Coal feeding mechanism; 7. Coal seam; 8. Arch. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "setting," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] This invention provides a method for determining the arch structure behind a top coal caving support based on changes in the working resistance of hydraulic supports. The method includes the following steps: Real-time continuous monitoring of the working resistance of all hydraulic supports on the working face; when abnormal data deviates from the normal fluctuation range in the working resistance data, a suitable arch structure determination model is identified. This model includes single-support bearing arches, adjacent-support cooperative arches, multi-support large arches, and arches between the support and the goaf. Based on the arch structure type and arch foot position specified in the arch structure determination model, the control system repeatedly operates the coal release mechanism of the hydraulic supports and / or adjusts the coal release sequence to change the pressure distribution, disturb the coal body to destroy the arch structure, and clear the top coal release channel. This invention, based on real-time monitoring data of the hydraulic support working resistance, achieves dynamic identification and positioning of the arch structure behind the support, with high identification accuracy and fast response speed, reducing reliance on manual experience.

[0023] The following section uses a method for determining the arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of hydraulic supports as an example to illustrate the entire technical process in detail.

[0024] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, a method for determining the rear arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of the hydraulic support specifically includes the following steps: S1: Real-time continuous monitoring of the working resistance of all hydraulic supports 1 on the working face. When abnormal data deviates from the normal fluctuation range in the working resistance data, the arch structure judgment model is determined to be in compliance. The arch structure judgment model includes single-support bearing arch, adjacent support cooperative arch, multiple large arch, and local support-goaf arch.

[0025] The working resistance data is obtained through the working resistance sensor 2.

[0026] The method for constructing the arch structure determination model in step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11: Real-time continuous monitoring of the working resistance of all hydraulic supports 1 on the working face.

[0027] S12: Analyze the working resistance data and identify abnormal data that deviates from the normal fluctuation range. The abnormal data indicates that an arch structure is formed behind the hydraulic support 1 where the abnormal data occurs, and part of the pressure of the overlying rock layer in the goaf is transferred to the adjacent or non-adjacent hydraulic support 1. At this time, the adjacent or non-adjacent hydraulic support 1 is located at the arch foot.

[0028] The working resistance data is obtained through the working resistance sensor 2.

[0029] S13: Based on the typical relationship characteristics between different arch foot positions and changes in working resistance, an arch structure judgment model is constructed.

[0030] S14: The method for determining the arch structure of the top coal caving mining frame based on the change of working resistance of hydraulic support 1, preferably, the normal fluctuation range is determined by historical data statistics or theoretical calculation, and the method for identifying abnormal data includes threshold method, sliding window method or machine learning classification algorithm.

[0031] In step S1, the arch structure determination model includes the following arch structure types and arch foot positions: like Figure 1 As shown, for a single-frame bearing arch: the working resistance of a certain hydraulic support is consistently significantly higher than that of the adjacent hydraulic supports, and the duration exceeds a set threshold. like Figure 2 As shown, the adjacent frame coordinated arch: the working resistance of two or three adjacent hydraulic supports increases abnormally synchronously, showing a coordinated load-bearing characteristic; like Figure 3 As shown, multiple large arches: the working resistance of multiple consecutive hydraulic supports is raised as a whole, forming a large-scale pressure arch structure; like Figure 4As shown, the working resistance of the hydraulic support of this frame increases abnormally, while the resistance of the hydraulic support on the adjacent goaf side decreases, indicating that the arch foot of the arch 8 of coal seam 7 is located between the hydraulic support of this frame and the goaf.

[0032] S2: Based on the arch structure type and arch foot position specified in the arch structure determination model, the control system 5 repeatedly operates the coal discharge mechanism 6 of the hydraulic support 1 and / or adjusts the coal discharge sequence to change the pressure distribution, disturb the coal body to destroy the arch structure, and clear the top coal discharge channel.

[0033] Among them, the hydraulic support repeatedly operated by the control system 5 refers to the support associated with the arch structure, that is, the support that corresponds to the arch structure in space or has a mechanical connection with it.

[0034] In step S2, the operation of the coal feeding mechanism 6 includes one or more of the following: repeatedly extending and retracting the coal feeding plate, adjusting the opening of the coal feeding port, and changing the coal feeding rhythm.

[0035] In step S2, the adjustment of the coal feeding sequence includes any one or more of the following: jacking coal feeding, segmented coal feeding, or reverse coal feeding.

[0036] In addition to steps S1 and S2, the method also includes step S3: verification of the arch structure failure effect, which specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: After the coal feeding operation of the coal feeding mechanism 6 is carried out, continue to monitor the change in working resistance. If the abnormal data returns to the normal fluctuation range, it is determined that the arch structure has been destroyed.

[0037] Step S32: After the coal feeding operation of the coal feeding mechanism 6 is carried out, continue to monitor the change in working resistance. If the abnormal data returns to the normal fluctuation range, it is determined that the arch structure is not damaged. Continue to operate the coal feeding mechanism 6 and / or adjust the coal feeding sequence through the control system 5.

[0038] Example 2 like Figure 1 As shown, for a single-frame bearing arch, the coal feeding mechanism 6 of this frame is operated repeatedly; like Figure 2 As shown, for the adjacent frame cooperative arch, the coal feeding mechanism 6 of this frame and the adjacent frame are repeatedly operated simultaneously; like Figure 3 As shown, for multiple large arches, the coal feeding sequence is adjusted while repeatedly operating multiple coal feeding mechanisms 6. The coal feeding sequence is achieved by opening the coal feeding mechanism of all hydraulic supports on the working face to feed the top coal in sequence, including sequential coal feeding, intermittent coal feeding, and group coal feeding. like Figure 4 As shown, for this frame-goaf arch, although only a single support is involved, the coal release sequence needs to be adjusted because the arch structure itself has a large span and is mostly a spherical structure.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the structure of the rear arch of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in the working resistance of hydraulic supports, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include the following: The working resistance of all hydraulic supports on the working face is monitored in real time and continuously. When abnormal data deviates from the normal fluctuation range in the working resistance data, the arch structure judgment model is determined to be in compliance. The arch structure judgment model includes single-support bearing arch, adjacent support cooperative arch, multi-support large arch, and local support-goaf arch. Based on the arch structure type and arch foot position specified in the arch structure determination model, the control system repeatedly operates the coal feeding mechanism of the hydraulic support and / or adjusts the coal feeding sequence to change the pressure distribution, disturb the coal body to destroy the arch structure, and clear the top coal feeding channel.

2. The method for determining the rear arch structure of a top coal caving mining frame based on the change in working resistance of hydraulic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for constructing the arch structure determination model specifically includes the following steps: Real-time and continuous monitoring of the working resistance of all hydraulic supports on the working face; Analyze the working resistance data and identify abnormal data that deviate from the normal fluctuation range. The abnormal data indicates that an arch structure is formed behind the hydraulic support where the abnormal data occurs, and part of the pressure of the overlying rock layer in the goaf is transferred to the adjacent or non-adjacent hydraulic support. At this time, the adjacent or non-adjacent hydraulic support is located at the arch foot. Based on the typical relationship between different arch foot positions and changes in working resistance, an arch structure determination model is constructed.

3. The method for determining the arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in working resistance of hydraulic supports according to claim 2, characterized in that, The normal fluctuation range is determined through historical data statistics or theoretical calculations, and the methods for identifying abnormal data include thresholding, sliding windowing, or machine learning classification algorithms.

4. The method for determining the rear arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in working resistance of hydraulic supports according to claim 3, characterized in that, The arch structure determination model includes the following arch structure types and arch foot locations: Single-frame load-bearing arch: The working resistance of a certain hydraulic support is consistently significantly higher than that of the adjacent hydraulic supports, and the duration exceeds a set threshold. Adjacent support coordinated arch: The working resistance of two or three adjacent hydraulic supports increases abnormally synchronously, exhibiting coordinated load-bearing characteristics; Multiple large arches: The working resistance of multiple hydraulic supports is raised as a whole, forming a large-scale pressure arch structure; The arch between the main support and the goaf is characterized by an abnormally high working resistance of the hydraulic support on the main support and a decrease in resistance of the hydraulic support on the adjacent goaf side, indicating that the arch foot is located between the hydraulic support of the main support and the goaf.

5. The method for determining the rear arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in working resistance of hydraulic supports according to claim 4, characterized in that, The operation of the coal feeding mechanism includes one or more of the following: repeatedly extending and retracting the coal feeding plate, adjusting the opening of the coal feeding port, and changing the coal feeding rhythm.

6. The method for determining the rear arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in working resistance of hydraulic supports as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The adjustment of the coal feeding sequence includes any one or more of the following: jacking coal feeding, segmented coal feeding, or reverse coal feeding.

7. The method for determining the rear arch structure of a top-coal caving mining frame based on the change in working resistance of hydraulic supports according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method also includes verification of the arch structure failure effect, specifically including the following steps: After the coal feeding operation of the coal feeding mechanism is carried out, the change in working resistance is continuously monitored. If the abnormal data returns to the normal fluctuation range, it is determined that the arch structure has been damaged. After the coal feeding mechanism is activated, the working resistance changes are monitored. If the abnormal data returns to the normal fluctuation range, it is determined that the arch structure is not damaged. The coal feeding mechanism and / or the coal feeding sequence are then repeatedly operated through the control system.

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