Real-time surge protection method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time surge protection method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the field of financial science and technology or other related technical fields, and the method comprises the steps: activating a three-stage cooperative protection circuit under the condition that a surge voltage is detected; surge voltage energy higher than a preset energy threshold in the surge voltage is discharged through a first-stage bandwidth energy dredging circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit, and dredging voltage is obtained; clamping the voltage value of the dredging voltage to a preset range through a second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain a clamping voltage; and the clamping voltage is filtered through a third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit, and a filtered voltage is output. According to the invention, the technical problems of service interruption and difficulty in effective protection of the surge phenomenon caused by a one-step surge protection mode based on a protection circuit in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of financial technology or other related technical fields, and more specifically, to a real-time surge protection method and apparatus, electronic device and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of data center scale and rapid technological development, high-density server deployment has become the industry norm. Server racks typically house dozens or even hundreds of servers, each a vital component of an enterprise's IT infrastructure, carrying critical business and data processing tasks. However, such high-density power consumption and the complex data center environment also present unprecedented challenges to power system stability and equipment security.

[0003] In server rack configurations, each server can consume hundreds of watts on average. The combined power demands of thousands or even tens of thousands of servers operating in large data centers are enormous. Meanwhile, common server maintenance operations such as batch startups, migrations, and shutdowns often trigger momentary fluctuations in current, resulting in surges. A surge, or a sudden increase in voltage or current, even a small spike, can damage critical components such as the server's power adapter, memory modules, and motherboard, potentially leading to hardware failure and interrupting business operations.

[0004] In related technologies, simple surge protection in circuits is based on protection circuits, such as fuses, circuit breakers, and overvoltage clamping circuits. When abnormal power fluctuations are detected, the power supply is cut off or the voltage is limited to protect the equipment. However, this one-size-fits-all protection method can lead to business interruption and have a significant impact on business operations.

[0005] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a real-time surge protection method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium to at least solve the technical problem in related technologies where a one-size-fits-all surge protection method based on protection circuits causes service interruptions and is difficult to effectively protect against surge phenomena.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, a real-time surge protection method is provided, comprising: activating a three-stage cooperative protection circuit upon detecting a surge voltage, wherein the surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold, and the three-stage cooperative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element; discharging surge voltage energy exceeding a preset energy threshold in the surge voltage through a first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain a dissipation voltage; clamping the voltage value of the dissipation voltage to a preset range through a second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain a clamping voltage; and filtering the clamping voltage through a third-stage output circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to output a filtered voltage.

[0008] Furthermore, the step of discharging surge voltage energy exceeding a preset energy threshold in the surge voltage through the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: forming a low-impedance path through the gas discharge tube of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to suppress the surge current caused by the surge voltage; forming a low-impedance path through the varistor of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to consume the surge voltage energy; and short-circuiting a preset high-frequency surge component through the quarter-wavelength short circuit of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit, wherein the high-frequency surge component represents a voltage component with a frequency higher than a preset frequency threshold.

[0009] Furthermore, the step of clamping the voltage value of the conduction voltage to a preset range through the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: controlling the voltage value of the conduction voltage to drop to the breakdown voltage through the avalanche diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit; forming a low-impedance channel through the suppression diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit, and absorbing the high-frequency oscillation voltage in the conduction voltage based on the low-impedance channel.

[0010] Further, the step of filtering the clamping voltage through the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: filtering out high-frequency noise and residual oscillation voltage in the clamping voltage through the high-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the high-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value greater than a preset first frequency threshold; and filtering out low-frequency noise in the clamping voltage through the low-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the low-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value less than a preset second frequency threshold.

[0011] Furthermore, after outputting the filtered voltage, the method further includes: recording the current surge event and acquiring the characteristic value of the current surge event; calculating the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the characteristic value, and determining the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining lifespan percentage, wherein the surge protector includes the three-level collaborative protection circuit.

[0012] Further, the step of calculating the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the characteristic value includes: calculating the damage caused by the current surge event; summing the damage caused by the current surge event to the total damage; and calculating the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the total damage.

[0013] Further, the step of determining the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining lifespan percentage includes: comparing the remaining lifespan percentage with a lifespan percentage threshold to obtain a comparison result; if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is greater than a first lifespan percentage threshold, determining that the surge protector is in a healthy state; if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the first lifespan percentage threshold and greater than a second lifespan percentage threshold, determining that the surge protector is in a health alarm state; and if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the second lifespan percentage threshold, determining that the surge protector is in an emergency state.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a real-time surge protection device is also provided, comprising: an activation unit for activating a three-stage cooperative protection circuit when a surge voltage is detected, wherein the surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold, and the three-stage cooperative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element; a discharge unit for discharging surge voltage energy exceeding a preset energy threshold in the surge voltage through a first-stage bandwidth energy discharge circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain a discharge voltage; a clamping unit for clamping the voltage value of the discharge voltage to a preset range through a second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain a clamping voltage; and a filtering unit for filtering the clamping voltage through a third-stage output circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to output a filtered voltage.

[0015] Further, the discharge unit includes: a first suppression module, used to form a low-impedance path through the gas discharge tube of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to suppress the surge current caused by the surge voltage; a first consumption module, used to form a low-impedance path through the varistor of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to consume the surge voltage energy; and a first processing module, used to short-circuit a preset high-frequency surge component through a quarter-wavelength short circuit of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit, wherein the high-frequency surge component represents a voltage component with a frequency higher than a preset frequency threshold.

[0016] Furthermore, the clamping unit includes: a first control module, used to control the voltage value of the conduction voltage to drop to the breakdown voltage through the avalanche diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit; and a first absorption module, used to form a low-impedance channel through the suppression diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit, and absorb the high-frequency oscillation voltage in the conduction voltage based on the low-impedance channel.

[0017] Further, the filtering unit includes: a first filtering module, used to filter out high-frequency noise and residual oscillation voltage in the clamping voltage through a high-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the high-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value greater than a preset first frequency threshold; and a second filtering module, used to filter out low-frequency noise in the clamping voltage through a low-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the low-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value less than a preset second frequency threshold.

[0018] Furthermore, the real-time surge protection device further includes: a first acquisition module, used to record the current surge event and acquire the characteristic value of the current surge event; a first calculation module, used to calculate the remaining life percentage of the surge protector based on the characteristic value, and determine the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining life percentage, wherein the surge protector includes the three-level collaborative protection circuit.

[0019] Furthermore, the first calculation module includes: a first calculation submodule for calculating the damage caused by the current surge event; a first accumulation submodule for accumulating the damage caused by the current surge event to the total damage; and a second calculation submodule for calculating the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the total damage.

[0020] Furthermore, the first calculation module further includes: a first comparison submodule, used to compare the remaining lifespan percentage with a lifespan percentage threshold to obtain a comparison result; a first determination submodule, used to determine that the surge protector is in a healthy state when the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is greater than the first lifespan percentage threshold; a second determination submodule, used to determine that the surge protector is in a healthy alarm state when the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the first lifespan percentage threshold and greater than the second lifespan percentage threshold; and a third determination submodule, used to determine that the surge protector is in an emergency state when the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the second lifespan percentage threshold.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform any of the above-described real-time surge protection methods.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is also provided, including one or more processors and a memory, the memory being used to store one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to implement any of the above-described real-time surge protection methods.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is also provided, the computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-described real-time surge protection methods.

[0024] In this application, the following steps are performed: when a surge voltage is detected, a three-level cooperative protection circuit is activated, wherein the surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold. The three-level cooperative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element, and then the surge voltage energy exceeding the preset energy threshold in the first-level bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-level cooperative protection circuit is discharged to obtain a dissipation voltage. The voltage value of the dissipation voltage is clamped to a preset range by the second-level precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-level cooperative protection circuit to obtain a clamping voltage. The clamping voltage is filtered by the third-level output circuit of the three-level cooperative protection circuit to output a filtered voltage.

[0025] In this application, upon detecting a surge voltage, a three-stage collaborative protection circuit employs a step-by-step processing strategy: first, conduction; then, clamping; and finally, filtering. The first-stage bandwidth energy conduction circuit rapidly dissipates large-scale surge energy; the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit accurately clamps the voltage to a safe level; and the third-stage output circuit outputs a stable voltage. Choke coils are used as coupling elements between each stage, organically connecting the three-stage collaborative protection circuit in series in terms of timing and frequency response. This achieves full-spectrum, blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond-level spikes to microsecond-level surges, ensuring continuous service operation and effectively protecting against surge phenomena in the circuit. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where a one-size-fits-all surge protection method based on protection circuits causes service interruptions and is difficult to effectively protect against surge phenomena. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 A hardware structure block diagram of a computer terminal (or mobile device) for implementing a real-time surge protection method is shown.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an optional real-time surge protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is an architecture diagram of an optional real-time surge protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optional real-time surge protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a hardware structure block diagram of an optional electronic device (or mobile device) for implementing a real-time surge protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0034] It should be noted that the real-time surge protection method and device in this application can be used in the financial technology field to process surge voltage step by step through a three-level collaborative protection circuit, and can also be used in any field other than the financial technology field to process surge voltage step by step through a three-level collaborative protection circuit. This application does not limit the application field of the real-time surge protection method and device.

[0035] It should be noted that the information collected in this application (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for display, data used for analysis, etc.) are information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, and application of this data all comply with relevant laws, regulations, and standards, necessary confidentiality measures have been taken, and they do not violate public order and good morals. Corresponding access points are provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse. For example, interfaces are set up between this system and relevant users or organizations, providing users with corresponding access points to choose to agree to or refuse automated decision-making results; if the user chooses to refuse, the process proceeds to the expert decision-making stage.

[0036] The following embodiments of the present invention can be applied to various real-time surge protection systems / applications / equipment. The present invention uses a choke coil as an interstage coupling and isolation element to organically connect three-stage circuits in series in terms of timing and frequency response. It adopts a step-by-step purification strategy of first guiding, then clamping, and then filtering the surge voltage in the circuit, realizing full-spectrum, blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond-level spikes to microsecond-level surges.

[0037] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to various embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a real-time surge protection method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0040] The method embodiment provided in Embodiment 1 of this application can be executed on a mobile terminal, computer terminal, or similar computing device. Figure 1 A hardware block diagram of a computer terminal (or mobile device) for implementing a real-time surge protection method is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device) may include one or more processors 102 (shown as 102a, 102b, ..., 102n in the figure) 102 (processor 102 may include, but is not limited to, a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA, etc.), a memory 104 for storing data, and a transmission device 106 for communication functions. In addition, it may also include: a display, an input / output interface (I / O interface), a universal serial bus (USB) port (which may be included as one of the ports of a BUS bus), a network interface, a power supply, and / or a camera. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 1 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the structure of the aforementioned electronic device. For example, computer terminal 10 may also include... Figure 1 The more or fewer components shown, or having the same Figure 1 The different configurations shown.

[0041] It should be noted that the aforementioned one or more processors 102 and / or other data processing circuits are generally referred to herein as "data processing circuits". These data processing circuits may be embodied, in whole or in part, in software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuits may be a single, independent processing module, or may be integrated, in whole or in part, into any other element within the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device). As involved in the embodiments of this application, the data processing circuits serve as a processor control mechanism (e.g., selection of a variable resistor termination path connected to an interface).

[0042] The memory 104 can be used to store software programs and modules of application software, such as the program instructions / data storage device corresponding to the real-time surge protection method in this embodiment. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 104, thereby realizing the aforementioned real-time surge protection method. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the computer terminal 10 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0043] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by the communication provider of the computer terminal 10. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a Network Interface Controller (NIC), which can connect to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In another example, the transmission device 106 may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module, used for wireless communication with the Internet.

[0044] The display can be, for example, a touchscreen liquid crystal display (LCD) that allows the user to interact with the user interface of the computer terminal 10 (or mobile device).

[0045] Under the aforementioned operating environment, this application provides the following: Figure 2 The real-time surge protection method shown is implemented by a real-time surge protection system.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an optional real-time surge protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0047] Server maintenance often involves physical relocation of servers, batch startups or shutdowns, and other operations. These operations can cause momentary fluctuations in current within the server rack, resulting in surges. Surges can damage internal IT components and disrupt server operation. Therefore, surge protection and handling are necessary to stabilize circuit voltage and ensure normal server operation.

[0048] Step S201: When a surge voltage is detected, the three-level collaborative protection circuit is activated.

[0049] In step S201 above, the microcontroller or dedicated monitoring circuit continuously monitors the voltage waveform between the live wire (L) and the neutral wire (N), capturing any abnormal voltage changes. Once the detected instantaneous voltage value exceeds a preset action threshold, the system immediately marks this event as a surge event and activates the three-level collaborative protection circuit to execute relevant actions. The three-level collaborative protection circuit adopts a step-by-step purification strategy of first diverting, then clamping, and then filtering to eliminate surge voltage in the line and ensure the normal operation of the server. Surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds the preset action threshold. The action threshold needs to be set according to the power supply specifications of the server and other IT equipment, and is usually slightly higher than the rated voltage of the equipment so as not to falsely trigger the protection mechanism within the normal voltage fluctuation range.

[0050] The three-stage coordinated protection circuit is deployed in the surge protector, which can be a rectangular box shape and equipped with an external power supply cable, allowing it to be easily connected in series with other devices and connected to a power distribution unit (PDU). The three-stage coordinated protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element to organically connect the three-stage coordinated protection circuits in series in terms of timing and frequency response, achieving full-spectrum, blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond spikes to microsecond surges.

[0051] Step S202: The surge voltage energy exceeding the preset energy threshold in the surge voltage is discharged through the first-level bandwidth energy shunting circuit of the three-level collaborative protection circuit to obtain the shunting voltage.

[0052] In step S202 above, when a surge voltage event is detected by the detector and triggers a protection response, the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit is immediately activated. This first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit can quickly and effectively discharge surge voltage energy exceeding a preset energy threshold, thus reducing the burden on subsequent circuits. The first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit consists of a varistor, a gas discharge tube, and a quarter-wavelength short circuit. Through the high throughput and low impedance characteristics of the varistor and gas discharge tube, it rapidly discharges large-amplitude surge voltage energy, reducing the stress on subsequent circuits. The quarter-wavelength short circuit focuses on high-frequency surge voltage components, providing an additional, targeted protection layer to ensure effective resistance to high-frequency noise.

[0053] Furthermore, the step of discharging surge voltage energy exceeding a preset energy threshold in the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: forming a low-impedance path through the gas discharge tube of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to suppress the surge current caused by the surge voltage; forming a low-impedance path through the varistor of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to consume the surge voltage energy; and short-circuiting the preset high-frequency surge component through the quarter-wavelength short circuit of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit, wherein the high-frequency surge component represents the voltage component with a frequency higher than the preset frequency threshold.

[0054] Specifically, when the surge voltage reaches a preset energy threshold, the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit responds immediately. The varistor and gas discharge tube operate simultaneously. When the varistor detects a voltage exceeding its threshold, it switches to a low-impedance state, allowing the overvoltage energy to flow to ground, thus protecting downstream circuits from direct high-voltage impact. The gas discharge tube, used in parallel with the varistor, quickly conducts when the voltage rises to extremely high levels (e.g., during a lightning strike), discharging the massive surge energy to ground through a high-current discharge path, preventing the overvoltage from propagating further to downstream circuits and avoiding damage. For high-frequency surge voltage components, the quarter-wavelength short circuitr exhibits extremely low impedance at these frequencies, acting like a frequency-selective short circuitr, effectively short-circuiting the high-frequency noise component to ground and reducing the adverse effects of high-frequency surges on the circuit.

[0055] The first-level bandwidth energy diversion circuit effectively protects against large energy surge events, ensuring the safety of servers and other data center equipment when faced with transient overvoltage.

[0056] Step S203: The voltage value of the conduction voltage is clamped to a preset range by the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit to obtain the clamping voltage.

[0057] In step S203 above, after the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit has completed the large energy surge discharge, the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit in the three-stage collaborative protection circuit is activated. The goal of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit is to further precisely control the voltage value within a preset safe range, based on the initial conduction of the surge voltage, to ensure that the voltage stability of the subsequent power supply is not affected by the surge event. The second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit consists of an avalanche diode and a suppression diode. The avalanche diode has an extremely fast response speed (nanosecond level), which can instantly suppress any remaining voltage spikes, ensuring that the circuit voltage does not rise to a level that could damage sensitive electronic equipment, thereby effectively clamping the voltage value of the conduction voltage. The series combination of the suppression diode and the avalanche diode can further purify the voltage signal while clamping the voltage, removing any residual high-frequency noise and harmonics, thus obtaining a purer and more stable clamping voltage.

[0058] Furthermore, the step of clamping the voltage value of the conduction voltage to a preset range through the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: controlling the voltage value of the conduction voltage to drop to the breakdown voltage through the avalanche diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit; forming a low-impedance channel through the suppression diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit, and absorbing the high-frequency oscillation voltage in the conduction voltage based on the low-impedance channel.

[0059] Specifically, the clamping voltage output from the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit is transmitted to the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit. First, it passes through an avalanche diode. When the conduction voltage exceeds its breakdown voltage, the avalanche diode quickly enters a breakdown state, forming a low-impedance path that clamps the voltage near the breakdown voltage, effectively preventing further voltage increases. Because the response time of the avalanche diode is extremely fast, typically on the nanosecond level, this ensures that even rapidly changing voltage spikes in the conduction voltage can be controlled promptly and effectively, protecting subsequent circuits from overvoltage surges. A suppression diode forms a low-impedance path in the precision voltage clamping circuit, specifically designed to absorb residual high-frequency oscillation voltages in the conduction voltage. When high-frequency oscillation voltages occur, the suppression diode preferentially conducts due to its low impedance characteristics, absorbing and converting this energy, thereby maintaining the purity of the voltage signal.

[0060] The introduction of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit significantly improves the quality and stability of the power signal. By controlling the conduction voltage to drop to a safe breakdown voltage through avalanche diodes, reliable voltage protection is provided for subsequent circuits and equipment, preventing potential damage from overvoltage. Simultaneously, suppressing the absorption of high-frequency oscillating voltages by the diodes further purifies the power signal, reduces electromagnetic interference, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the power system.

[0061] Step S204: The clamping voltage is filtered by the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit, and the filtered voltage is output.

[0062] In step S204 above, after the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit successfully clamps the voltage value to the preset range, the third-stage output circuit takes on the task of the final line of defense—deeply filtering the clamped voltage to remove any residual noise and interference, ensuring the purity of the power supply. The third-stage output circuit consists of a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter. The low-pass filter is mainly used to filter out high-frequency noise signals, while the high-pass filter is responsible for eliminating low-frequency interference. Together, they form a π-type filter, which can effectively cover a wide frequency range. In this process, the choke coil, as a common front-end component, not only helps to establish a good connection between the high-frequency and low-frequency filters but also further suppresses high-frequency noise and enhances the filtering effect through its inductive reactance characteristics.

[0063] After deep filtering by the third-stage output circuit, any residual interference in the clamping voltage is removed or greatly reduced, and the final output voltage is the filtered voltage. Its purity and stability are greatly improved, providing an ideal power environment for servers and data center equipment.

[0064] Furthermore, the step of filtering the clamping voltage through the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: filtering out high-frequency noise and residual oscillation voltage in the clamping voltage through the high-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the high-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value greater than a preset first frequency threshold; and filtering out low-frequency noise in the clamping voltage through the low-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the low-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value less than a preset second frequency threshold.

[0065] Specifically, the clamping voltage output from the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit is input to the third-stage output circuit. A high-pass filter specifically removes any high-frequency noise and oscillation components that may be present in the clamping voltage, ensuring that the output voltage signal is free of high-frequency interference and thus avoiding potential damage to electronic equipment from high-frequency noise. The low-pass filter functions exactly the opposite of the high-pass filter; it allows signals below a set frequency threshold to pass through while blocking high-frequency signals. In the third-stage output circuit, the low-pass filter is used to remove low-frequency noise, ensuring the purity and stability of the output voltage and providing interference-free power to downstream devices.

[0066] The third-stage output circuit performs final signal purification on the clamping voltage processed by the first two stages. The combined use of high-pass and low-pass filters effectively removes high-frequency and low-frequency noise from the signal, ensuring high-quality power output.

[0067] Furthermore, after outputting the filter voltage, the following steps are also included: recording the current surge event and acquiring the characteristic value of the current surge event; calculating the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the characteristic value, and determining the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining lifespan percentage, wherein the surge protector includes a three-level collaborative protection circuit.

[0068] A surge protector consists of a three-level collaborative protection circuit. During the handling of surge events, the surge protector absorbs surge energy, and its components heat up, consuming some energy. Long-term or frequent surge events will accelerate the aging of components, and the accumulated energy consumption will eventually exceed the component's withstand capacity, leading to performance degradation or failure. At the same time, high-voltage surges can also cause physical damage to the internal components, thus causing irreversible damage to the surge protector. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health status and provide lifespan warnings for the components in the surge protector in a timely manner to avoid power outages or equipment damage caused by sudden failure of the protector.

[0069] Specifically, after the three-level collaborative protection circuit processes a surge event, a recording program is initiated to collect and store the event's characteristic values. These characteristic values ​​mainly include, but are not limited to, key parameters such as the peak value, duration, and frequency components of the surge voltage. These data are crucial for subsequent lifetime prediction. The system's built-in microcontroller (MCU) uses the collected characteristic values, such as the peak value, duration, and frequency components of the surge voltage, to quantify the damage caused to the core components (mainly the varistor MOV) by each surge event using a pre-set lifetime prediction algorithm, and dynamically calculates the remaining lifetime through cumulative calculation. By comparing the percentage of remaining lifetime with a preset health status threshold, the current health status of the surge protector is automatically assessed and displayed. An early warning is issued for surge protectors in an unhealthy state.

[0070] Furthermore, the step of calculating the remaining life percentage of the surge protector based on the eigenvalues ​​includes: calculating the damage caused by the current surge event; summing the damage caused by the current surge event to the total damage; and calculating the remaining life percentage of the surge protector based on the total damage.

[0071] Specifically, each time a surge event occurs, the system immediately initiates a damage calculation program. Based on a pre-defined energy damage model, the damage caused to the surge protector by the surge event is quantified using characteristic values ​​such as the peak value, duration, and frequency components of the surge voltage. The system maintains a continuously updated total damage record. Each time a new damage level is calculated, this value is added to the total damage level. This accumulation process reflects the damage accumulated by the surge protector over time and is a key indicator for assessing its remaining lifespan. By continuously accumulating the damage level of each surge event, the system can form a comprehensive damage history, providing a data foundation for accurate prediction of remaining lifespan. By comparing the total damage level with the surge protector's original design lifespan, the percentage of remaining lifespan of the protector is calculated, providing users with a quantitative basis for judging the equipment's health status.

[0072] The formula for calculating the damage caused by a single surge event can be expressed as: D_single=(W_surge / W_ref)^β, where W_surge is the estimated surge energy of a single surge event, W_ref is the maximum energy value that a varistor or other electronic component can withstand without damage under standard test conditions, and β is the damage index, which reflects the nonlinear relationship between the lifespan of a varistor or other electronic component and the energy it can withstand. The larger the β value, the more sensitive the electronic component is to high-energy impacts, and the damage caused by a single large surge far exceeds that caused by multiple small surges.

[0073] The damage level of this event is added to the total damage level, D_total_new = D_total_old + D_single, where D_total_new is the total damage level and D_total_old is the cumulative damage level of historical surge events.

[0074] The formula for calculating the remaining lifespan percentage, Life_remaining, can be expressed as: Life_remaining = max(0, (1-D_total_new)). 100%.

[0075] Dynamic updates to the remaining lifespan percentage allow users to intuitively understand the health status of the surge protector. When the percentage drops to a preset warning or emergency threshold, a replacement reminder can be issued to the user through color changes and flashing patterns on the visual interface, as well as possible audio alarms, ensuring the safe operation of the power system.

[0076] Furthermore, the step of determining the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining lifespan percentage includes: comparing the remaining lifespan percentage with a lifespan percentage threshold to obtain a comparison result; determining that the surge protector is in a healthy state if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is greater than a first lifespan percentage threshold; determining that the surge protector is in a health alarm state if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the first lifespan percentage threshold and greater than a second lifespan percentage threshold; and determining that the surge protector is in an emergency state if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the second lifespan percentage threshold.

[0077] Specifically, after calculating the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector, it is compared with two preset lifespan percentage thresholds to determine the protector's health status. These two thresholds are the first lifespan percentage threshold and the second lifespan percentage threshold, which are preset according to the surge protector's design life and safety redundancy principles, and are used to delineate different health states. When the remaining lifespan percentage is higher than this threshold, the system determines that the surge protector is in a healthy state. In this case, the device's function and performance are considered intact and can continue to perform surge protection tasks without intervention. If the remaining lifespan percentage drops to equal to or below the first lifespan percentage threshold, but is still higher than the second lifespan percentage threshold, the system will mark the surge protector's status as a health alarm state. This is equivalent to a warning light illuminating, prompting the user that although the surge protector can still work, its performance has begun to decline, and it is recommended to start planning for replacement to avoid potential future equipment failures. When the remaining lifespan percentage drops to equal to or below the second lifespan percentage threshold, the system determines that the surge protector is in an emergency state. This is a critical tipping point, indicating that the surge protector's functionality has become extremely limited and it is unable to effectively cope with sudden surge events. It needs to be replaced immediately, otherwise there will be a significant risk of damage to the power system.

[0078] Through the above steps, when a surge voltage is detected, the three-level collaborative protection circuit is activated. The surge voltage refers to the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeding a preset action threshold. The three-level collaborative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element. Then, the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-level collaborative protection circuit discharges the surge voltage energy exceeding the preset energy threshold to obtain a discharge voltage. The second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-level collaborative protection circuit clamps the voltage value of the discharge voltage to a preset range to obtain a clamping voltage. The third-stage output circuit of the three-level collaborative protection circuit filters the clamping voltage and outputs a filtered voltage.

[0079] In this embodiment, upon detecting a surge voltage, a three-stage collaborative protection circuit employs a step-by-step processing strategy: first, conduction; then, clamping; and finally, filtering. The first-stage bandwidth energy conduction circuit rapidly dissipates large-scale surge energy; the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit accurately clamps the voltage to a safe level; and the third-stage output circuit outputs a stable voltage. A choke coil serves as the coupling element between each stage, organically connecting the three-stage collaborative protection circuit in series in terms of timing and frequency response. This achieves full-spectrum, blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond-level spikes to microsecond-level surges, ensuring continuous service operation and effectively protecting against surge phenomena in the circuit. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where a one-size-fits-all surge protection method based on protection circuits causes service interruptions and is difficult to effectively protect against surge phenomena.

[0080] The following describes in detail another optional implementation method.

[0081] Figure 3 This is an architecture diagram of an optional real-time surge protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the real-time surge protection system includes a surge protector and a health status assessment module. The surge protector includes a three-level collaborative protection circuit: a bandwidth energy diversion circuit, a precision voltage clamping circuit, and an output circuit. Specifically,

[0082] The core components of a surge protector include a choke coil, a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter, a quarter-wavelength short circuit breaker, zinc oxide, a varistor, a suppressor diode, and an avalanche diode. Together, they form a robust defense against potential power fluctuations and spikes.

[0083] In terms of design, surge protectors can be designed as rectangular boxes and equipped with external power cords, enabling them to be connected in series with other devices and connected to a PDU.

[0084] Furthermore, surge protectors can incorporate intelligent design, featuring a small LCD screen to visually display their lifespan. This screen can show the current percentage of lifespan in real time, allowing users to understand and monitor the protector's lifespan based on actual consumable consumption.

[0085] The core of a surge protector lies in its three-stage collaborative protection circuit, which employs a step-by-step purification strategy of first diverting, then clamping, and finally filtering.

[0086] The first-stage broadband energy dissipation circuit, connected in parallel between the live wire (L) and the neutral wire (N), serves as the first line of defense, designed to quickly dissipate large-amplitude surge energy. Its core consists of a varistor (MOV1) and a gas discharge tube (GDT) connected in parallel. The varistor has a fast response speed and is used to clamp medium-amplitude overvoltages; the gas discharge tube has a large current capacity and is used to dissipate huge surge currents caused by lightning strikes, etc. The quarter-wavelength short circuitr presents extremely low impedance for specific high-frequency surge components (such as ringing waves caused by server switches), acting like a trap to short-circuit these specific frequency energies to ground.

[0087] The second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit receives the residual voltage and high-speed spike pulses processed in the first stage. This stage employs a series combination of an avalanche diode (TVS) and a suppressor diode, directly connected in parallel. The TVS diode has an extremely fast response speed in the nanosecond range, precisely clamping the voltage to a level absolutely safe for subsequent circuits (e.g., clamping the voltage below 20% of the device's withstand voltage). The suppressor diode absorbs high-frequency oscillation energy. This stage is coupled to the first stage via a choke coil, which not only suppresses the impact on the preceding stage when this stage operates, but its inductive reactance also ensures optimal coordinated response timing between the two stages.

[0088] The third-stage noise filtering and output stabilization circuit is the final purification process. This circuit consists of a π-type filter, including a pre-stage choke coil, a high-pass filter, and a low-pass filter. The low-pass filter, composed of capacitors and inductors with specific parameters, is responsible for filtering out residual high-frequency noise and ringing; the high-pass filter filters out low-frequency interference that may be caused by events such as lightning strikes. Finally, the stable and clean power, purified through these three stages, is output to the various output interfaces of the PDU.

[0089] The choke coil, as an interstage coupling and isolation element of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit, organically connects the three-stage collaborative protection circuit in series in terms of timing and frequency response, realizing full-spectrum, blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond-level spikes to microsecond-level surges.

[0090] The health status assessment module is used to evaluate the health status of surge protectors in real time, especially critical electronic components such as varistors that are highly susceptible to surge energy. The module includes a microcontroller that runs a lifetime prediction algorithm based on a cumulative energy damage model. This algorithm dynamically calculates the cumulative damage to core components by monitoring and recording surge events and estimating their energy in real time.

[0091] Before running the algorithm, the following key parameters need to be preset in the microcontroller: reference energy W_ref, the maximum energy value that the varistor can withstand without damage under standard test conditions; damage index β, which reflects the nonlinear relationship between the varistor's lifespan and the energy it can withstand. The larger the β value, the more sensitive the varistor is to high-energy impacts, and the damage caused by a single large surge is far greater than that caused by multiple small surges.

[0092] The MCU continuously monitors the voltage between the live wire (L) and the neutral wire (N) through a voltage sampling circuit (such as a high-speed ADC). When the instantaneous voltage value detected exceeds the preset action threshold V_threshold (e.g., 1.5 times the rated voltage), it is determined to be a surge event.

[0093] The system records characteristic values ​​such as the peak voltage V_peak and the duration Δt (the time from exceeding the threshold to falling back below the threshold) of the event.

[0094] Estimate the surge energy of this surge event:

[0095] W_surge=k V_clamp I_estimated Δt;

[0096] Where k is the waveform coefficient used to convert peak power to average power, and V_clamp is the clamping voltage. In practical circuits, the nominal clamping voltage of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit can be used as an approximation.

[0097] I_estimated is the estimated surge current, estimated using Ohm's law: I_estimated = (V_peak - V_clamp) / R_line, where R_line is the inherent line impedance of the system, a preset constant value.

[0098] The degree of damage is not linear. Based on the damage index β, the formula for calculating the degree of damage caused by a single surge event is as follows:

[0099] D_single=(W_surge / W_ref)^β;

[0100] Where W_surge is the estimated surge energy of a single surge event, W_ref is the maximum energy that a varistor or other electronic component can withstand without damage under standard test conditions, and β is the damage index.

[0101] In the above formula, if W_surge is very small (such as only 10% of W_ref), then D_single will be very small (e.g., (0.1)^8 = 0.00000001), almost negligible; conversely, if W_surge is very large (such as reaching 80% of W_ref), then D_single will be very large (e.g., (0.8)^8 ≈ 0.167), and about 16.7% of the health value is consumed by the impact of a single surge event.

[0102] Accumulate the damage degree of this event into the total damage degree, D_total_new = D_total_old + D_single, where D_total_new is the total damage degree and D_total_old is the cumulative damage degree of historical surge events.

[0103] Calculate the remaining life percentage Life_remaining: Life_remaining = max(0, (1 - D_total_new)) 100%.

[0104] Evaluate the monitoring status of the surge protector based on the remaining life percentage. Normal status (Life_remaining > 20%), display the green percentage value on the visualization interface; Warning status (10% < Life_remaining ≤ 20%), display the yellow percentage value on the visualization interface and can blink slightly; Emergency status (Life_remaining ≤ 10%), display the red percentage value on the visualization interface, blink strongly, and can trigger the buzzer alarm to prompt immediate replacement.

[0105] For example, when renovating the data center computer room, there will be problems of migrating many devices. In this process, it is necessary to batch execute the shutdown and startup operations of the servers. To prevent power surges from damaging the servers and their internal components, first connect the surge protector to the power distribution unit (PDU) of the target cabinet. After the connection is completed, the batch shutdown operation can be performed on the devices in this cabinet. After the devices are migrated to the target cabinet, the uninterruptible surge protection device will be connected to the PDU again, and the batch startup operation will be performed. According to actual needs, the surge protector can be flexibly configured.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present invention, the choke coil is used as an inter-stage coupling and isolation element to organically connect the three-stage circuits in terms of timing and frequency response, and adopts a step-by-step purification strategy of first diverting, then clamping, and then filtering the surge voltage in the circuit, achieving full-spectrum and blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond-level spikes to microsecond-level surges.

[0107] The following will be described in detail with another embodiment.

[0108] Example 2

[0109] The real-time surge protection device provided in this embodiment includes multiple implementation units, each of which corresponds to a specific implementation step in the above embodiment one. The specific implementation method and beneficial effects can be referred to the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0110] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optional real-time surge protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the real-time surge protection device may include: an activation unit 41, a discharge unit 42, a clamping unit 43, and a filtering unit 44, wherein,

[0111] Activation unit 41 is used to activate the three-level cooperative protection circuit when a surge voltage is detected. The surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold. The three-level cooperative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element.

[0112] Discharge unit 42 is used to discharge surge voltage energy higher than the preset energy threshold in the surge voltage through the first-stage bandwidth energy discharge circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain discharge voltage;

[0113] Clamping unit 43 is used to clamp the voltage value of the conduction voltage to a preset range through the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain the clamping voltage;

[0114] The filter unit 44 is used to filter the clamping voltage through the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit and output the filtered voltage.

[0115] The aforementioned real-time surge protection device activates a three-stage collaborative protection circuit upon detecting a surge voltage via activation unit 41. The surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold. The three-stage collaborative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element. Discharge unit 42 discharges surge voltage energy exceeding a preset energy threshold through the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit, obtaining a discharge voltage. Clamping unit 43 clamps the discharge voltage value to a preset range through the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit, obtaining a clamping voltage. Filtering unit 44 filters the clamping voltage through the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit, outputting a filtered voltage.

[0116] In this embodiment, upon detecting a surge voltage, a three-stage collaborative protection circuit employs a step-by-step processing strategy: first, conduction; then, clamping; and finally, filtering. The first-stage bandwidth energy conduction circuit rapidly dissipates large-scale surge energy; the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit accurately clamps the voltage to a safe level; and the third-stage output circuit outputs a stable voltage. A choke coil serves as the coupling element between each stage, organically connecting the three-stage collaborative protection circuit in series in terms of timing and frequency response. This achieves full-spectrum, blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond-level spikes to microsecond-level surges, ensuring continuous service operation and effectively protecting against surge phenomena in the circuit. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where a one-size-fits-all surge protection method based on protection circuits causes service interruptions and is difficult to effectively protect against surge phenomena.

[0117] Furthermore, the discharge unit includes: a first suppression module, used to form a low-impedance path through the gas discharge tube of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to suppress the surge current caused by the surge voltage; a first consumption module, used to form a low-impedance path through the varistor of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to consume the surge voltage energy; and a first processing module, used to short-circuit the preset high-frequency surge component through the quarter-wavelength short circuit of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit, wherein the high-frequency surge component represents a voltage component with a frequency higher than a preset frequency threshold.

[0118] Furthermore, the clamping unit includes: a first control module for controlling the voltage value of the conduction voltage to drop to the breakdown voltage through the avalanche diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit; and a first absorption module for forming a low-impedance channel through the suppression diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit, and absorbing the high-frequency oscillation voltage in the conduction voltage based on the low-impedance channel.

[0119] Furthermore, the filtering unit includes: a first filtering module for filtering out high-frequency noise and residual oscillation voltage in the clamping voltage through a high-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the high-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value greater than a preset first frequency threshold; and a second filtering module for filtering out low-frequency noise in the clamping voltage through a low-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the low-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value less than a preset second frequency threshold.

[0120] Furthermore, the real-time surge protection device also includes: a first acquisition module, used to record the current surge event and acquire the characteristic value of the current surge event; a first calculation module, used to calculate the remaining life percentage of the surge protector based on the characteristic value, and determine the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining life percentage, wherein the surge protector includes a three-level collaborative protection circuit.

[0121] Furthermore, the first calculation module includes: a first calculation submodule for calculating the damage caused by the current surge event; a first accumulation submodule for accumulating the damage caused by the current surge event to the total damage; and a second calculation submodule for calculating the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the total damage.

[0122] Furthermore, the first calculation module also includes: a first comparison submodule, used to compare the remaining lifespan percentage with a lifespan percentage threshold to obtain a comparison result; a first determination submodule, used to determine that the surge protector is in a healthy state when the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is greater than the first lifespan percentage threshold; a second determination submodule, used to determine that the surge protector is in a healthy alarm state when the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the first lifespan percentage threshold and greater than the second lifespan percentage threshold; and a third determination submodule, used to determine that the surge protector is in an emergency state when the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the second lifespan percentage threshold.

[0123] It should be noted that the activation unit 41, discharge unit 42, clamping unit 43, and filtering unit 44 mentioned above correspond to steps S201 to S204 in Embodiment 1. The instances and application scenarios implemented by the above units and corresponding steps are the same, but are not limited to the content disclosed in Embodiment 1. It should be noted that the above modules or units can be hardware or software components stored in memory (e.g., memory 104) and processed by one or more processors (e.g., processors 102a, 102b, ..., 102n). The above modules or units can also run as part of a device in the computer terminal 10 provided in Embodiment 1.

[0124] The invention will now be described in conjunction with another alternative embodiment.

[0125] Example 3

[0126] The present invention can also provide an electronic device. Figure 5 This is a hardware structure block diagram of an optional electronic device (or mobile device) for implementing a real-time surge protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device may include: one or more ( Figure 5 (Only one is shown) processor 502, memory 504, memory controller, and peripheral interface, wherein the peripheral interface is connected to the radio frequency module, audio module and display.

[0127] The memory can be used to store software programs and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the methods and apparatus in the embodiments of this application. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory, thereby implementing the above-described methods. The memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the terminal via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0128] The processor can access information and applications stored in the memory via a transmission device to execute the following steps: Upon detecting a surge voltage, activate a three-stage cooperative protection circuit, where the surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold. The three-stage cooperative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element. The first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit discharges surge voltage energy exceeding the preset energy threshold, obtaining a discharge voltage. The second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit clamps the discharge voltage value to a preset range, obtaining a clamping voltage. The third-stage output circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit filters the clamping voltage, outputting a filtered voltage.

[0129] The processor can call the information and application stored in the memory through the transmission device to perform the following steps: forming a low-impedance path through the gas discharge tube of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to suppress the surge current caused by the surge voltage; forming a low-impedance path through the varistor of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit to consume the surge voltage energy; and short-circuiting the preset high-frequency surge component through the quarter-wavelength short circuit of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit, wherein the high-frequency surge component represents the voltage component with a frequency higher than the preset frequency threshold.

[0130] The processor can call the information and application stored in the memory through the transmission device to perform the following steps: control the voltage value of the conduction voltage to drop to the breakdown voltage through the avalanche diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit; form a low-impedance channel through the suppression diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit, and absorb the high-frequency oscillation voltage in the conduction voltage based on the low-impedance channel.

[0131] The processor can call the information and application stored in the memory through the transmission device to perform the following steps: filtering out high-frequency noise and residual oscillation voltage in the clamping voltage through the high-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the high-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value greater than a preset first frequency threshold; filtering out low-frequency noise in the clamping voltage through the low-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the low-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value less than a preset second frequency threshold.

[0132] The processor can access the information and application programs stored in the memory via the transmission device to perform the following steps: record the current surge event and collect the characteristic values ​​of the current surge event; calculate the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the characteristic values, and determine the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining lifespan percentage, wherein the surge protector includes a three-level collaborative protection circuit.

[0133] The processor can access the information and application programs stored in the memory via the transmission device to perform the following steps: calculate the damage caused by the current surge event; accumulate the damage caused by the current surge event to the total damage; and calculate the remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector based on the total damage.

[0134] The processor can access the information and application programs stored in the memory via the transmission device to perform the following steps: comparing the remaining lifespan percentage with a lifespan percentage threshold to obtain a comparison result; determining that the surge protector is in a healthy state if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is greater than a first lifespan percentage threshold; determining that the surge protector is in a healthy alarm state if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the first lifespan percentage threshold and greater than a second lifespan percentage threshold; and determining that the surge protector is in an emergency state if the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the second lifespan percentage threshold.

[0135] This invention provides a real-time surge protection method. Upon detecting a surge voltage, a three-stage collaborative protection circuit employs a step-by-step processing strategy: first, conduction; then, clamping; and finally, filtering. The first-stage bandwidth energy conduction circuit rapidly dissipates large-scale surge energy; the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit accurately clamps the voltage to a safe level; and the third-stage output circuit outputs a stable voltage. A choke coil serves as the coupling element between each stage, organically connecting the three-stage collaborative protection circuit in series in terms of timing and frequency response. This achieves full-spectrum, blind-spot-free protection from nanosecond-level spikes to microsecond-level surges, ensuring continuous service operation and effectively protecting against surge phenomena in circuits. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where a one-size-fits-all surge protection method based on protection circuits causes service interruptions and is ineffective in protecting against surge phenomena.

[0136] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only. Electronic devices can also be smartphones, tablets, handheld computers, mobile internet devices (MIDs), PADs, and other terminal devices. Figure 5 This does not limit the structure of the aforementioned electronic device. For example, electronic devices may also include components that are more... Figure 5 The more or fewer components shown (such as network interfaces, display devices, etc.), or having the same Figure 5 The different configurations shown.

[0137] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing the hardware related to the terminal device. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0138] The invention will now be described in conjunction with another alternative embodiment.

[0139] Example 4

[0140] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. Optionally, in this invention, the computer-readable storage medium can be used to store the program code executed by the real-time surge protection method provided in Embodiment 1.

[0141] Optionally, in this embodiment of the invention, the storage medium may be located in any computer terminal in a group of computer terminals in a computer network, or in any mobile terminal in a group of mobile terminals.

[0142] This invention also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is suitable for performing the steps of a real-time surge protection method: upon detecting a surge voltage, a three-stage cooperative protection circuit is activated, wherein the surge voltage represents the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeding a preset action threshold, and the three-stage cooperative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element; the surge voltage energy exceeding the preset energy threshold in the surge voltage is discharged through the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain a dissipation voltage; the voltage value of the dissipation voltage is clamped to a preset range through the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain a clamping voltage; and the clamping voltage is filtered through the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to output a filtered voltage.

[0143] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0144] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0145] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0146] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0147] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0148] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0149] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time surge protection method, characterized in that, include: Upon detection of surge voltage, a three-level collaborative protection circuit is activated, wherein the surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold, and the three-level collaborative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element. The surge voltage energy exceeding the preset energy threshold in the surge voltage is discharged through the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit to obtain the dissipation voltage; The second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit clamps the voltage value of the conduction voltage to a preset range to obtain the clamping voltage; The clamping voltage is filtered by the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit, and a filtered voltage is output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of discharging surge voltage energy exceeding a preset energy threshold through the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit include: The gas discharge tube of the first-stage bandwidth energy-dissipating circuit forms a low-impedance path to suppress the surge current caused by the surge voltage. The surge voltage energy is consumed by the low-impedance path formed by the varistor of the first-stage bandwidth energy-dissipating circuit. The preset high-frequency surge component is short-circuited by a quarter-wavelength short circuit of the first-stage bandwidth energy dissipation circuit, wherein the high-frequency surge component represents a voltage component with a frequency higher than a preset frequency threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of clamping the voltage value of the conduction voltage to a preset range through the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: The avalanche diode in the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit controls the voltage value of the conduction voltage to drop to the breakdown voltage; The suppression diode of the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit forms a low-impedance channel, which absorbs the high-frequency oscillation voltage in the conduction voltage.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of filtering the clamping voltage through the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit includes: The high-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit filters out high-frequency noise and residual oscillation voltage in the clamping voltage, wherein the high-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value greater than a preset first frequency threshold. The low-frequency noise in the clamping voltage is filtered out by the low-pass filter of the third-stage output circuit, wherein the low-frequency noise represents voltage components with a frequency value less than a preset second frequency threshold.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following the output filter voltage, the following is also included: Record this surge event and collect its characteristic values; The remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector is calculated based on the characteristic value, and the health status of the surge protector is determined based on the remaining lifespan percentage, wherein the surge protector includes the three-level collaborative protection circuit.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the remaining life percentage of the surge protector based on the characteristic values ​​include: Calculate the extent of damage caused by this surge event; The damage caused by this surge event is added to the total damage. The remaining lifespan percentage of the surge protector is calculated based on the total damage level.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps for determining the health status of the surge protector based on the remaining percentage of its lifespan include: The remaining lifespan percentage is compared with the lifespan percentage threshold to obtain the comparison result; If the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is greater than the first lifespan percentage threshold, the surge protector is determined to be in a healthy state. If the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the first lifespan percentage threshold and greater than the second lifespan percentage threshold, the surge protector is determined to be in a health alarm state. If the comparison result indicates that the remaining lifespan percentage is less than or equal to the second lifespan percentage threshold, the surge protector is determined to be in an emergency state.

8. A real-time surge protection device, characterized in that, include: An activation unit is used to activate a three-level collaborative protection circuit when a surge voltage is detected, wherein the surge voltage indicates that the instantaneous voltage value in the circuit exceeds a preset action threshold, and the three-level collaborative protection circuit uses a choke coil as an inter-stage coupling element. The discharge unit is used to discharge the surge voltage energy that is higher than the preset energy threshold in the surge voltage through the first-stage bandwidth energy discharge circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit, so as to obtain the discharge voltage. The clamping unit is used to clamp the voltage value of the conduction voltage to a preset range through the second-stage precision voltage clamping circuit of the three-stage cooperative protection circuit to obtain the clamping voltage; The filtering unit is used to filter the clamping voltage through the third-stage output circuit of the three-stage collaborative protection circuit and output a filtered voltage.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the real-time surge protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes one or more processors and a memory, the memory being used to store one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to implement the real-time surge protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the real-time surge protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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