Simplified seedling raising facility and seedling raising method for strawberries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling raising, and particularly relates to a simplified seedling raising facility and method for strawberries. The top of the greenhouse body is covered with the film, rainwater can be isolated, and the problem of diseases induced by a high-temperature and high-humidity environment due to frequent rainfall in summer is avoided; the planting grooves are dug in the ground, the isolation layer is laid, the isolation layer can completely block sunshine and air needed by growth of weeds, and the physical weeding effect is effectively achieved. Moreover, the planting grooves and the isolation layer form a root domain limiting effect, more lateral roots and fibrous roots are promoted to occur on the root systems of the seedlings, dense root clusters are formed, the seedlings can be easily lifted by hands during lifting, and the heavy operation process of digging the seedlings by using a hoe, manually picking the seedlings and bundling the seedlings in the traditional open-air seedling raising process is avoided. When the light and simplified seedling raising facility is used for raising seedlings, soil-borne diseases and weed damage can be effectively overcome, the seedling quality can be improved, and the production cost and difficulty are low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seedling technology, specifically relating to a simplified strawberry seedling facility and seedling method. Background Technology

[0002] Seedling cultivation is a crucial link in the development of the strawberry industry. Currently, strawberry seedling cultivation mainly uses open-field cultivation and steel-framed seedbed cultivation. However, traditional open-field cultivation is highly susceptible to the influence of climate and soil conditions, especially in the hot and humid southern regions. During the rainy season, diseases such as anthracnose and powdery mildew can spread rapidly, often leading to severe losses. In addition, the soil is rich in weeds with a wide variety and fast growth rate, and weeding in the nursery can only be done manually, which is costly and inefficient. Traditional open-field cultivation also suffers from low propagation coefficients, diseased seedlings, and low yield of mature seedlings. Steel-framed seedbed cultivation uses a combination of "rain-sheltered multi-span greenhouses + steel-framed seedbeds + seedling trays," which can effectively control diseases and weeds, is relatively easy to operate, and allows for controllable seedling quality. However, its higher cost limits its widespread application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simplified strawberry seedling facility and seedling method that can effectively overcome soil-borne diseases and weeds, improve seedling quality, and reduce production costs and difficulties.

[0004] This invention provides a simplified seedling raising facility, including a greenhouse body and a water and fertilizer system. The top of the greenhouse body is covered with a film, but the sides are not covered with film but are equipped with insect-proof netting. A door is opened on one side wall of the main body of the greenhouse, and planting troughs are opened on the ground inside. The planting troughs are covered with an isolation layer inside and outside, which is tightly overlapped, so that no soil is exposed inside the entire greenhouse. The planting trough is used to fill the seedling substrate and cultivate the planted objects. The water and fertilizer system is used to supplement water and fertilizer to the cultivated objects set up inside the greenhouse.

[0005] Preferably, the span of the main body of the greenhouse is 600~900cm; The insect-proof net has a height of 80-180cm and a mesh count of 30-40. Preferably, the specification of the isolation layer is 300~500g / m³. 2 The materials include one or more of geotextile, weed control fabric and non-woven fabric.

[0006] This invention provides the application of the simplified seedling raising facility described above in strawberry seedling raising.

[0007] This invention provides a simplified strawberry seedling raising method based on the simplified seedling raising facility described above, comprising the following steps: filling the planting trough with seedling substrate and then planting strawberry mother seedlings, and performing water and fertilizer management.

[0008] Preferably, the planting trough has a depth of 15-25cm, a width of 150-200cm, and a spacing of 40-50cm; two rows of strawberry mother seedlings are planted along the long side of each planting trough or one row of strawberry mother seedlings is planted in the middle of each planting trough. The spacing between the strawberry mother seedlings is 40-60cm; When planting two rows along the long side of each planting trough, the strawberry mother seedlings should be 10-15cm away from the long side.

[0009] Preferably, the seedling substrate includes vermiculite, perlite, and other substrates, with a pH of 5.5-6.5 and an EC value ≤0.5mS / cm; the other substrates include one or more of earthworm castings, peat moss, and sphagnum moss.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the other matrix, vermiculite and perlite is (3~4):(1~2):(1~2).

[0011] Preferably, the strawberry mother seedlings are planted from mid-March to mid-April. In the early stage of planting, the substrate moisture should be maintained at 70-80%, and during the vigorous growth period, the substrate moisture should be maintained at 60-70%. After the strawberry mother seedlings have recovered from transplant shock, apply a 750-1000 times diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 7-10 days until the end of June. Starting in early July, control the application of nitrogen fertilizer and spray the leaves with a 500-1000 times diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7-10 days. The mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is (15-20):(15-20):(15-20).

[0012] Preferably, the simplified strawberry seedling raising method also includes plant management and pest and disease management; The plant management includes: ventilation, removal of old leaves, diseased leaves and inflorescences, pressing down runners to ensure even distribution of seedlings; controlling excessive growth during the seedling stage in June and July, and spraying 10% calcium cyclamate suspension at 1000-2000 times dilution or 430g / L tebuconazole suspension at 750-1500 times dilution 1-2 times, depending on the growth of the seedlings; The pest and disease management includes: spraying preventative fungicides and spraying insecticides when pests occur.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The simplified seedling raising facility provided by the present invention includes a greenhouse body and a water and fertilizer system. The top of the greenhouse body is covered with a film, and the sides are not covered with film but are equipped with insect-proof netting. A door is opened on one side wall of the greenhouse body, and a planting trough is opened on the ground inside. The planting trough is covered with an isolation layer inside and outside, which overlaps tightly, and no soil is exposed inside the greenhouse. The planting trough is used to fill the seedling substrate and cultivate the cultivated objects. The water and fertilizer system is used to supplement water and fertilizer to the cultivated objects set in the greenhouse body. The simplified seedling raising facility provided by the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Reduce the incidence of diseases and pests. First, the present invention covers the top of the greenhouse body with a film, which isolates the spread of rainwater and avoids the disease problems induced by the high temperature and high humidity environment caused by frequent summer rainfall. It can also avoid waterlogging and damage from rainstorms and hail. Second, the present invention lays an isolation layer inside and outside the planting trough, which physically isolates it from the soil and blocks the infection of soil-borne diseases and the damage of underground pests, thereby further reducing diseases and pests. (2) Reduce the degree of weed damage. This invention lays an isolation layer inside and outside the planting trough, which can completely block the sunlight and air required for weed growth. In addition, the isolation layer and the seedling substrate filled on it increase in weight significantly after absorbing water, adhere tightly to the ground and form heavy pressure. Even if weeds occasionally break through the soil, they are difficult to penetrate the thick and dense isolation layer, thus effectively achieving the effect of physical weeding and playing a highly efficient role in blocking weed growth. (3) Time and labor saving. This invention adopts the innovative design of "isolation layer + water and fertilizer system". On the one hand, it can effectively block the growth of weeds and isolate the spread of soil-borne diseases and underground pests, thus significantly reducing the number of weeding and pesticide application. On the other hand, the water and fertilizer system can be used to carry out irrigation and topdressing at the same time using integrated water and fertilizer technology, overcoming the disadvantages of relying mainly on rainfall for irrigation and relying mainly on manual labor for topdressing in open seedling raising, and the inability of water and fertilizer to be synchronized. This greatly saves the time of seedbed management, reduces labor intensity, and simplifies the management process. (4) Low cost and easy to promote. This invention provides a simplified seedling cultivation facility that is adaptable to local conditions, uses simple materials, and is low-cost, costing less than half the cost of steel-framed seedbed infrastructure. The average cost per acre is reduced by 49% compared to steel-framed seedbed cultivation, saving on the expensive costs of steel-framed seedbeds, cultivation troughs, and seed trays. Furthermore, it is easy to operate and readily accepted by farmers.

[0014] Furthermore, this invention utilizes the aforementioned simplified seedling cultivation facility for strawberry seedling cultivation, using vermiculite, perlite, and other substrates (one or more of earthworm castings, peat moss, and sphagnum moss) as the seedling substrate. These substrates possess excellent physical and chemical properties, being permeable, aerated, and loose, ensuring robust growth of both mother and daughter seedlings and promoting well-developed root systems. Simultaneously, the root zone restriction effect created by the "ground planting trough + isolation layer" encourages the development of more lateral and fibrous roots, forming dense root clusters. Seedlings can be easily extracted by hand during lifting, avoiding the arduous process of digging seedlings with hoes, manually picking them, and bundling them in traditional open-air seedling cultivation. Detailed Implementation

[0015] This invention provides a simplified seedling cultivation facility, including a greenhouse body and a water and fertilizer system. The top of the greenhouse body is covered with a film, while the sides are not covered with film but are equipped with insect-proof netting. A door is opened on one side wall of the greenhouse body, and planting troughs are opened on the ground inside. The planting troughs are covered with isolation layers inside and outside, which overlap tightly to prevent soil from being exposed inside the entire greenhouse. The planting troughs are used to fill the seedling substrate to cultivate the planted objects. The water and fertilizer system is used to supplement water and fertilizer to the planted objects set inside the greenhouse body.

[0016] In one embodiment, the span of the main body of the greenhouse according to the present invention is 600-900cm; in another embodiment, the span of the main body of the greenhouse according to the present invention is 650-850cm; in yet another embodiment, the span of the main body of the greenhouse according to the present invention is 700-800cm; and in yet another embodiment, the span of the main body of the greenhouse according to the present invention is 800cm. The present invention limits the span of the main body of the greenhouse, which has advantages such as adapting to the characteristics of the mountainous terrain of Guizhou, enhancing structural stability and disaster resistance, preventing the spread of pests and diseases, and low construction costs.

[0017] In one embodiment, the height of the insect-proof net of the present invention is 80-180cm; in another embodiment, the height of the insect-proof net of the present invention is 90-160cm; in yet another embodiment, the height of the insect-proof net of the present invention is 100-150cm; in yet another embodiment, the height of the insect-proof net of the present invention is 120cm. In one embodiment, the mesh count of the insect-proof net of the present invention is 30-40 meshes; in yet another embodiment, the mesh count of the insect-proof net of the present invention is 35 meshes. The present invention limits the mesh count of the insect-proof net, which has the advantages of blocking major pests, good ventilation and moisture removal, reducing diseases, increasing microclimate regulation, and saving costs.

[0018] As one embodiment, the specification of the isolation layer of the present invention is 300~500g / m². 2 As another embodiment, the specification of the isolation layer of the present invention is 350~450g / m³. 2 As another embodiment, the specification of the isolation layer of the present invention is 400g / m³. 2 As one implementation method, the material of the isolation layer of the present invention includes one or more of geotextile, weed control fabric, and non-woven fabric. The isolation layer laid inside and outside the planting trough of the present invention is permeable to water and air, tensile-resistant, and corrosion-resistant, effectively blocking the growth of weeds and isolating the spread of soil-borne diseases and underground pests, significantly reducing the frequency of weeding and pesticide application.

[0019] In one embodiment, the water and fertilizer system of the present invention includes a fertilizer tank, a water pump, a water supply main, a switch, and a drip irrigation tape. The drip irrigation tape is arranged on the seedling substrate and runs alongside the cultivated object to provide precise water and nutrient supply.

[0020] This invention provides the application of the simplified seedling raising facility described above in strawberry seedling raising.

[0021] In one embodiment, the strawberry varieties described in this invention include, but are not limited to, Hongyan, Zhangji, Qianmei No. 1, and Fenyu. This invention uses Hongyan as an example in the embodiments, but it should not be construed as representing the entire scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] This invention provides a simplified strawberry seedling raising method based on the simplified seedling raising facility described above, comprising the following steps: filling the planting trough with seedling substrate and then planting strawberry mother seedlings, and performing water and fertilizer management.

[0023] In one embodiment, the depth of the planting trough is 15-25cm; in another embodiment, the depth is 20cm. In one embodiment, the width of the planting trough is 150-200cm; in another embodiment, it is 160-180cm; in yet another embodiment, it is 170cm. In one embodiment, the spacing between the planting troughs is 40-50cm; in yet another embodiment, it is 45cm. This invention uses shallow planting troughs, which, together with the isolation layer, create a root zone restriction effect, encouraging the strawberry root system to develop more lateral and fibrous roots, forming a dense root ball. Seedlings can be easily extracted by hand during lifting, avoiding the arduous process of digging seedlings with hoes, manually picking seedlings, and bundling seedlings required in traditional open-field seedling cultivation.

[0024] In one embodiment, the present invention plants two rows of strawberry mother seedlings along the long side of each planting trough, or one row of strawberry mother seedlings in the middle of each planting trough. In one embodiment, when two rows are planted along the long side of each planting trough, the strawberry mother seedlings are 10-15 cm from the long side; in another embodiment, when two rows are planted along the long side of each planting trough, the strawberry mother seedlings are 12 cm from the long side. In one embodiment, the spacing between the strawberry mother seedlings is 40-60 cm; in another embodiment, the spacing is 50 cm. The strawberry mother seedlings in the present invention have 4-6 true leaves, well-developed root systems, and are in a vigorous growth period. The present invention limits the planting scale of strawberry mother seedlings, which has advantages such as controlling the density of strawberry seedlings, leaving sufficient space for seedling growth, ensuring a favorable environment with ample sunlight, air, water, and fertilizer, and cultivating strong seedlings.

[0025] In one embodiment, the seedling substrate of this invention includes vermiculite, perlite, and other substrates, with a pH value of 5.5-6.5 and an EC value (soluble salt ion concentration) ≤0.5 mS / cm; the other substrates include one or more of earthworm castings, peat moss, and sphagnum moss. In one embodiment, the pH value of the seedling substrate of this invention is 5.8-6.2; in another embodiment, the pH value of the seedling substrate of this invention is 6.0. In one embodiment, the EC value of the seedling substrate of this invention is 0.3-0.5. In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the other substrates, vermiculite, and perlite in this invention is (3-4):(1-2):(1-2). In one embodiment, the seedling substrate of this invention also includes one or more of well-rotted organic fertilizer, rice husks, and probiotic agents. The seedling substrate of this invention is permeable, aerated, and soft, with excellent physicochemical properties, providing a guarantee for the robust growth of strawberry mother seedlings and daughter seedlings.

[0026] In one embodiment, the strawberry mother seedlings of this invention are planted from mid-March to mid-April. During the initial planting stage, the substrate moisture content is maintained at ≥70%. During the vigorous growth period, the substrate moisture content is maintained at 60-70%. After the strawberry mother seedlings have recovered from transplant shock, from the end of June, a 750-1000 times diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer is drip-irrigated every 7-10 days. From the beginning of July, nitrogen fertilizer application is controlled, and a 500-1000 times diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 7-10 days. The mass ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is (15-20):(15-20):(15-20). In another embodiment, the substrate moisture content is maintained at 70-80% during the initial planting stage. During the vigorous growth period, the substrate moisture content is maintained at 65%.

[0027] In one embodiment, the strawberry seedlings described in this invention are drip-irrigated with an 800-900 times diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 8-9 days from the time they recover until the end of June. In another embodiment, nitrogen fertilizer application is controlled starting in early July, and a 700-800 times diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves every 8-9 days. In yet another embodiment, the mass ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer described in this invention is (17-19):(17-19):(17-19).

[0028] In one embodiment, the simplified strawberry seedling raising method of the present invention also includes steps of plant management and pest and disease management. Plant management includes: ventilation, timely removal of old leaves, diseased leaves, and inflorescences, pressing down runners to ensure even distribution of seedlings; controlling excessive growth during the seedling stage in June and July, and spraying with 10% calcium cyclamate suspension at a dilution of 1000-2000 times or 430g / L tebuconazole suspension at a dilution of 750-1500 times 1-2 times, depending on the seedling growth. Pest and disease management includes: spraying preventative fungicides and spraying insecticides when pests occur. In one embodiment, the main body of the greenhouse is kept open throughout the seedling raising period to facilitate ventilation; when the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30℃, fans are activated to assist ventilation. In another embodiment, during the seedling stage in June and July, excessive growth is controlled; and 10% calcium cyclamate suspension at a dilution of 1500-1800 times or 430g / L tebuconazole suspension at a dilution of 1000 times is sprayed 1-2 times, depending on the seedling growth. As one implementation method, during the pest and disease management period described in this invention, the spraying frequency is once every 5 to 10 days. This invention does not have strict requirements for the selection of the fungicides and insecticides; pesticides that are conventionally permitted under agricultural regulations can be selected according to the type of pest or disease.

[0029] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of a simplified strawberry seedling facility and seedling method provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1 A simplified method for strawberry seedling cultivation consists of the following steps: 1. Prepare rain shelter facilities: Use existing, build new or rent multi-span rain shelters with a span of ≥1600cm, covered with a roof film, and without film on the sides but with a 30-mesh insect-proof net 180cm high (except for the door).

[0031] 2. Excavate shallow trenches: Excavate planting trenches directly on the ground inside the greenhouse. The trenches should be 15cm deep, 150cm wide, and 40cm apart (for access). The trench walls should be perpendicular to the bottom of the trench.

[0032] 3. Laying the isolation layer: Laying a 300g / m² isolation layer both inside and outside the trench. 2 The geotextile isolation layer is tightly overlapped, ensuring no soil is exposed inside the entire shed.

[0033] 4. Filling the substrate: Fill the trough with a special seedling substrate. The mass ratio of earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite is 3:1:1, the pH value is 6.5 and the EC value is 0.3mS / cm. The substrate should be level with the operating passage.

[0034] 5. Planting of mother seedlings: Select healthy, disease-free "Hongyan" strawberry mother seedlings and plant them in the substrate in late March. Plant two rows along the long side of each trough (10cm from the side), with a plant spacing of 40cm and the back of the plant facing inward.

[0035] 6. Environmental Management: Rain protection: Keep the greenhouse roof covered with plastic film throughout the seedling stage to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0036] Ventilation: Keep the greenhouse open on all four sides throughout the seedling stage to facilitate ventilation. When the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30℃, turn on the fan to assist ventilation.

[0037] 7. Water and Fertilizer Management: Irrigate using a drip irrigation system. Keep the substrate moist (75% moisture content) during the initial transplanting stage to promote seedling establishment; during the vigorous growth period, maintain substrate moisture at around 65%; after seedling establishment until the end of June, drip irrigate every 7 days with a 1000-fold diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-20-20). Begin controlling nitrogen fertilizer application in early July, and foliar spray with a 500-fold diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days.

[0038] 8. Plant Management: Promptly straighten the runners of the mother seedlings towards the center of the shallow trench at regular intervals, and then fix them with planting forks to ensure that the daughter seedlings are evenly distributed on the substrate. Spray with fungicides such as mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and ethirimol sulfonate every 10 days. If aphids, thrips, spider mites, or other pests occur, add insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etoxazole, and bifenazate accordingly.

[0039] 9. Controlling excessive growth of seedlings: Spray with 10% calcium cyclohexane suspension at a dilution of 1500 times twice in June and July.

[0040] Example 2 A simplified method for strawberry seedling cultivation consists of the following steps: 1. Prepare rain shelter facilities: Use existing, build new or rent multi-span rain shelters with a span of ≥1600cm, covered with a roof film, and without film on the sides but with a 30-mesh insect-proof net 180cm high (except for the door).

[0041] 2. Excavate shallow trenches: Excavate planting trenches directly on the ground inside the greenhouse. The trenches should be 20cm deep, 200cm wide, and 50cm apart (for access). The trench walls should be perpendicular to the bottom of the trench.

[0042] 3. Laying the isolation layer: Laying a 400g / m² isolation layer both inside and outside the trench. 2 The geotextile isolation layer is tightly overlapped, ensuring no soil is exposed inside the entire shed.

[0043] 4. Filling the substrate: Fill the trough with a special seedling substrate. The mass ratio of earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite is 3:1:1, the pH value is 6.3 and the EC value is 0.3mS / cm. The substrate should be level with the operating passage.

[0044] 5. Planting of mother seedlings: Select healthy, disease-free "Hongyan" strawberry mother seedlings and plant them in the substrate in late March. Plant two rows along the long side of each trough (10cm from the side), with a plant spacing of 50cm and the back of the plant facing inward.

[0045] 6. Environmental Management: Rain protection: Keep the greenhouse roof covered with plastic film throughout the seedling stage to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0046] Ventilation: Keep the greenhouse open on all four sides throughout the seedling stage to facilitate ventilation. When the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30℃, turn on the fan to assist ventilation.

[0047] 7. Water and Fertilizer Management: Irrigate using a drip irrigation system. Keep the substrate moist (70% moisture content) during the initial transplanting stage to promote seedling establishment; during the vigorous growth period, maintain substrate moisture at around 60%; after seedling establishment until the end of June, drip irrigate every 7 days with a 750-fold diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 17-17-17). Begin controlling nitrogen fertilizer application in early July, and foliar spray with a 750-fold diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days.

[0048] 8. Plant Management: Promptly straighten the runners of the mother seedlings towards the center of the shallow trench at regular intervals, and then fix them with planting forks to ensure that the daughter seedlings are evenly distributed on the substrate. Spray with fungicides such as mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and ethirimol sulfonate every 10 days. If aphids, thrips, spider mites, or other pests occur, add insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etoxazole, and bifenazate accordingly.

[0049] 9. Control excessive growth of seedlings: Spray once in June or July with a 1000-fold dilution of 10% calcium cyclohexane suspension.

[0050] Example 3 A simplified method for strawberry seedling cultivation consists of the following steps: 1. Prepare rain shelter facilities: Use, build or rent a single rain shelter with a span of 600cm, a roof film, and no film on the sides but add 30-mesh insect netting 80cm high (except for the door).

[0051] 2. Excavate shallow trenches: Excavate planting trenches directly on the ground inside the greenhouse. The trenches should be 15cm deep, 150cm wide, and 40cm apart (for access). The trench walls should be perpendicular to the bottom of the trench.

[0052] 3. Laying the isolation layer: Laying a 300g / m² isolation layer both inside and outside the trench. 2 The geotextile isolation layer is tightly overlapped, ensuring no soil is exposed inside the entire shed.

[0053] 4. Filling the substrate: Fill the trough with a special seedling substrate. The mass ratio of earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite is 3:1:1, the pH value is 6.2 and the EC value is 0.3mS / cm. The substrate should be level with the operating passage.

[0054] 5. Planting of mother seedlings: Select healthy, disease-free "Hongyan" strawberry mother seedlings and plant them in the substrate in late March. Plant two rows along the long side of each trough (10cm from the side), with a plant spacing of 40cm and the back of the plant facing inward.

[0055] 6. Environmental Management: Rain protection: Keep the greenhouse roof covered with plastic film throughout the seedling stage to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0056] Ventilation: Keep the greenhouse open on all four sides throughout the seedling stage to facilitate ventilation. When the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30℃, turn on the fan to assist ventilation.

[0057] 7. Water and Fertilizer Management: Irrigate using a drip irrigation system. Keep the substrate moist (75% moisture content) during the initial transplanting stage to promote seedling establishment; during the vigorous growth period, maintain substrate moisture at around 65%; after seedling establishment until the end of June, drip irrigate every 7 days with a 1000-fold diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 19-19-19). Begin controlling nitrogen fertilizer application in early July, and foliar spray with a 500-fold diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days.

[0058] 8. Plant Management: Promptly straighten the runners of the mother seedlings towards the center of the shallow trench at regular intervals, and then fix them with planting forks to ensure that the daughter seedlings are evenly distributed on the substrate. Spray with fungicides such as mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and ethirimol sulfonate every 10 days. If aphids, thrips, spider mites, or other pests occur, add insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etoxazole, and bifenazate accordingly.

[0059] 9. Controlling excessive growth of seedlings: Spray with 10% calcium cyclohexane suspension at a dilution of 1500 times twice in June and July.

[0060] Example 4 A simplified method for strawberry seedling cultivation consists of the following steps: 1. Prepare rain shelter facilities: Use, build or rent a single rain shelter with a span of 800cm, a roof film, and no film on the sides but add 30-mesh insect netting 80cm high (except for the door).

[0061] 2. Excavate shallow trenches: Excavate planting trenches directly on the ground inside the greenhouse. The trenches should be 20cm deep, 200cm wide, and 50cm apart (for access). The trench walls should be perpendicular to the bottom of the trench.

[0062] 3. Laying the isolation layer: Laying a 400g / m² isolation layer both inside and outside the trench. 2 The geotextile isolation layer is tightly overlapped, ensuring no soil is exposed inside the entire shed.

[0063] 4. Filling the substrate: Fill the trough with a special seedling substrate, with the mass ratio of earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite being 3:1:1, pH value 6.4, EC value 0.3mS / cm, and the substrate level with the operating passage.

[0064] 5. Planting of mother seedlings: Select healthy, disease-free "Hongyan" strawberry mother seedlings and plant them in the substrate in late March. Plant two rows along the long side of each trough (10cm from the side), with a plant spacing of 50cm and the back of the plant facing inward.

[0065] 6. Environmental Management: Rain protection: Keep the greenhouse roof covered with plastic film throughout the seedling stage to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0066] Ventilation: Keep the greenhouse open on all four sides throughout the seedling stage to facilitate ventilation. When the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30℃, turn on the fan to assist ventilation.

[0067] 7. Water and Fertilizer Management: Irrigate using a drip irrigation system. Keep the substrate moist (70% moisture content) during the initial transplanting stage to promote seedling establishment; during the vigorous growth period, maintain substrate moisture at around 60%; after seedling establishment until the end of June, drip irrigate every 7 days with a 750-fold diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 15-15-15). Begin controlling nitrogen fertilizer application in early July, and foliar spray with a 750-fold diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days.

[0068] 8. Plant Management: Promptly straighten the runners of the mother seedlings towards the center of the shallow trench at regular intervals, and then fix them with planting forks to ensure that the daughter seedlings are evenly distributed on the substrate. Spray with fungicides such as mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and ethirimol sulfonate every 10 days. If aphids, thrips, spider mites, or other pests occur, add insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etoxazole, and bifenazate accordingly.

[0069] 9. Control excessive growth of seedlings: Spray once in June or July with a 1000-fold dilution of 10% calcium cyclohexane suspension.

[0070] Comparative Example 1 A simplified strawberry seedling raising method similar to Example 1, the only difference being that no isolation layer is laid.

[0071] Comparative Example 2 A simplified strawberry seedling raising method similar to Example 1 is provided, the only difference being that the isolation layer material is different; in this comparative example, straw cloth is used as the isolation layer.

[0072] Comparative Example 3 A simplified strawberry seedling raising method similar to Example 1, the only difference being that the isolation layer material is different; in this comparative example, non-woven fabric is used as the isolation layer.

[0073] Comparative Example 4 A simplified strawberry seedling raising method similar to Example 1, the only difference being the substrate formula. The seedling substrate in this comparative example is vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 1:1, with a pH of 6.5 and an EC value of 0.3 mS / cm.

[0074] Comparative Example 5: Traditional Open-Air Seedling Raising 1. Ridge making: On the plot of land, make low ridges 200cm wide and 15cm high as seedbeds, with a ridge spacing of 40cm.

[0075] 2. Planting of mother seedlings: Select healthy, disease-free "Hongyan" strawberry mother seedlings and plant them in the ridges in late March. Plant two rows along the long side of each ridge (15cm from the side), with a plant spacing of 50cm and the back of the plant facing inward.

[0076] 3. Water and Fertilizer Management: Irrigate using a drip irrigation system, watering twice a day (morning and evening) during the initial transplanting period to maintain soil moisture at around 65%. After the seedlings have established themselves until the end of June, drip irrigate every 7 days with a 1000-fold diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-20-20). Starting in early July, control nitrogen fertilizer application and foliar spray with a 1000-fold diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 days.

[0077] 4. Plant Management: Weed promptly, straighten the runners of the mother seedlings towards the center of the ridge at regular intervals, and then fix them with planting forks to ensure the daughter seedlings are evenly distributed on the ridge. Spray fungicides such as mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and ethirimol sulfonate once every 7 days. When pests such as aphids, thrips, spider mites, grubs, cutworms, and mole crickets occur, apply insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etoxazole, bifenazate, and phoxim accordingly.

[0078] 5. Control excessive growth of seedlings: Spray with 10% calcium cyclohexane suspension at a dilution of 1500 times twice in June and July.

[0079] Comparative Example 6: Seedling cultivation in steel frame seedbeds 1. Prepare rain shelter facilities: Use existing, build new or rent multi-span rain shelters with a span of ≥1600cm, covered with a roof film, and without film on the sides but with a 30-mesh insect-proof net 180cm high (except for the door).

[0080] 2. Install steel frame seedling beds: Install movable steel frame seedling beds inside the shed, following the shed's orientation. The seedling bed frame should be 150cm wide, 70cm high, and its length determined by the shed's length. The main material should be galvanized steel. Leave a 60-80cm working passage between two seedling beds. The passageway should be paved with 8cm thick concrete, and a ground cover or gravel should be laid under the seedling beds.

[0081] 3. Install cultivation troughs: Install U-shaped or rectangular PVC cultivation troughs on the seedbed frame. The troughs should be 34-40cm wide, 15-20cm deep, and the length should match the length of the seedbed. Two drip irrigation tapes should be pre-installed in each trough, with a dripper spacing of 40-50cm.

[0082] 4. Filling the substrate: Fill the cultivation trough with a special seedling substrate, with the mass ratio of earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite being 3:1:1, pH value 6.5, EC value 0.3mS / cm, and the substrate surface 4-5cm from the trough opening.

[0083] 5. Planting of mother seedlings: Select healthy, disease-free "Hongyan" strawberry mother seedlings and plant them in the substrate in late March. Plant two rows per trough (7-10cm from the edge), with a plant spacing of 40-50cm and the arched back facing outwards.

[0084] 6. Place the seedling trays: Use 32-cell strawberry seedling trays, fill them with the same substrate as the cultivation troughs, and neatly stack them on both sides of the cultivation troughs. Place drip irrigation tape above the trays, two tapes per tray, with a dripper spacing of 10-15cm.

[0085] 7. Environmental Management: Rain protection: Keep the greenhouse roof covered with plastic film throughout the seedling stage to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0086] Ventilation: Keep the greenhouse open on all four sides throughout the seedling stage to facilitate ventilation. When the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30℃, turn on the fan to assist ventilation.

[0087] 8. Water and Fertilizer Management: Irrigation is carried out through a drip irrigation system. During the initial transplanting of mother seedlings and the initial introduction of daughter seedlings, maintain the substrate moisture (75% substrate humidity) to promote the recovery of mother seedlings and the rooting of daughter seedlings. During the vigorous growth period, maintain the substrate humidity at around 65%. After the mother seedlings have recovered until the end of June, drip irrigate both mother and daughter seedlings every 7 days with a 1000-fold diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-20-20). Starting in early July, control nitrogen fertilizer application and foliar spray with a 500-fold diluted potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 10 days.

[0088] 9. Plant Management: Promptly guide the runners of the mother seedlings into the substrate of the seedling trays using a planting fork, one seedling per tray. During the seedling growth period, spray with fungicides such as mancozeb, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and ethirimol sulfonate every 10 days. If aphids, thrips, spider mites, or other pests occur, add insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etoxazole, and bifenazate accordingly.

[0089] 10. Control excessive growth of seedlings: Spray with 10% calcium cyclohexane suspension at a dilution of 1500 times twice in June and July.

[0090] Test Example 1 The seedlings of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were tested during the seedling growth period and the transplanting period (early to mid-August) to comprehensively evaluate the seedling effect. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1. Seedling effects of different seedling raising methods on strawberries

[0092] Note: The average labor cost for weeding is 500 yuan per instance, geotextile is 1700 yuan per mu, weed control fabric is 700 yuan per mu, non-woven fabric is 1600 yuan per mu, substrate is 4000 yuan per mu, fertilizer and pesticides are 500 yuan per mu, greenhouse construction cost is 30000 yuan per mu, steel frame seedbed construction cost is 35000 yuan per mu, and seedling trays are 1.2 yuan each. (Example 1) This indicates a significant difference compared to traditional open-field seedling cultivation (Comparative Example 5). P <0.05; This indicates a highly significant difference compared to traditional open-field seedling cultivation (Comparative Example 5). P <0.01; in Comparative Example 6 This indicates a highly significant difference compared to the method described in Example 1. P <0.01; in Comparative Example 5 This indicates a highly significant difference compared to the method described in Example 1. P <0.01.

[0093] As shown in Table 1, compared with traditional open-field seedling cultivation (Comparative Example 5), the seedling cultivation method provided by this invention results in easier seedling removal, a 95.8% reduction in the average number of weeds, a 50% reduction in the average number of weeding operations, an 81.1% reduction in the average disease and pest rate of seedlings, a 33.3% increase in the number of stolons, a 42.9% increase in the seedling propagation coefficient, and a 14.9% increase in the yield of mature seedlings. Furthermore, the stem thickness and root system of the mature seedlings are significantly superior to those of traditional open-field seedling cultivation. Seedlings are also more likely to survive after transplanting, and the recovery period is reduced by 87.5% compared to traditional open-field seedling cultivation. This advantage stems from the excellent physical and chemical properties (permeable, aerated, and loose) provided by the "special seedling substrate," which promotes well-developed root systems in both mother and seedlings, ensuring robust growth. Simultaneously, the root zone restriction effect created by the "shallow ground trench + geotextile isolation layer" encourages the development of more lateral and fibrous roots, forming a dense root ball. Seedlings can be easily extracted by hand during removal, avoiding the arduous process of digging seedlings with hoes, manually picking seedlings, and bundling seedlings required in traditional open-field seedling cultivation.

[0094] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simplified seedling cultivation facility, comprising a greenhouse body and a water and fertilizer system, characterized in that, The top of the main body of the greenhouse is covered with a film, but the sides are not covered with film but are equipped with insect-proof netting; A door is opened on one side wall of the main body of the greenhouse, and planting troughs are opened on the ground inside. The planting troughs are covered with an isolation layer inside and outside, which is tightly overlapped, so that no soil is exposed inside the entire greenhouse. The planting trough is used to fill the seedling substrate and cultivate the planted objects. The water and fertilizer system is used to supplement water and fertilizer to the cultivated objects set up inside the greenhouse.

2. The simplified seedling raising facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main span of the greenhouse is 600-900cm; The insect-proof net has a height of 80-180cm and a mesh count of 30-40.

3. The simplified seedling raising facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specification of the isolation layer is 300~500g / m³. 2 The materials include one or more of geotextile, weed control fabric and non-woven fabric.

4. The application of the simplified seedling raising facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in strawberry seedling raising.

5. A simplified strawberry seedling raising method based on the simplified seedling raising facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: filling the planting trough with seedling substrate, planting strawberry mother seedlings, and managing water and fertilizer.

6. The simplified strawberry seedling raising method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The planting troughs are 15-25cm deep, 150-200cm wide, and spaced 40-50cm apart; two rows of strawberry mother seedlings are planted along the long side of each planting trough or one row of strawberry mother seedlings is planted in the middle of each planting trough. The spacing between the strawberry mother seedlings is 40-60cm; When planting two rows along the long side of each planting trough, the strawberry mother seedlings should be 10-15cm away from the long side.

7. The simplified strawberry seedling raising method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The seedling substrate includes vermiculite, perlite, and other substrates, with a pH of 5.5-6.5 and an EC value ≤0.5mS / cm; the other substrates include one or more of earthworm castings, peat moss, and sphagnum moss.

8. The simplified strawberry seedling raising method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the other matrix, vermiculite and perlite is (3~4):(1~2):(1~2).

9. The simplified strawberry seedling raising method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The strawberry mother seedlings should be planted from mid-March to mid-April. In the early stage of planting, the substrate moisture should be maintained at 70-80%, and during the vigorous growth period, the substrate moisture should be maintained at 60-70%. After the strawberry mother seedlings have recovered from transplant shock, they should be irrigated with a 750-1000 times diluted balanced water-soluble fertilizer every 7-10 days until the end of June. Starting in early July, nitrogen fertilizer application should be controlled, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on the leaves every 7-10 days at a 500-1000 times diluted solution. The mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is (15-20):(15-20):(15-20).

10. The simplified strawberry seedling raising method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that, The simplified strawberry seedling cultivation method also includes plant management and pest and disease management; The plant management includes: ventilation, removal of old leaves, diseased leaves and inflorescences, pressing down runners to ensure even distribution of seedlings; controlling excessive growth during the seedling stage in June and July, and spraying 10% calcium cyclamate suspension at 1000-2000 times dilution or 430g / L tebuconazole suspension at 750-1500 times dilution 1-2 times, depending on the growth of the seedlings; The pest and disease management includes: spraying preventative fungicides and spraying insecticides when pests occur.

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