Rail type trolley for underground powerhouse rock-anchored beam subsection rapid pouring and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground cavern construction, in particular to a rail type trolley for underground powerhouse rock anchor beam subsection rapid pouring and a construction method. The rail type trolley comprises a moving trolley, a moving mechanism and a block formwork assembly; the moving trolley is an integral bearing base body, four sets of walking wheels are arranged at the bottom of the moving trolley and matched with the first track, and the moving trolley can cover the construction range of a single pouring block in the length direction of the rock-anchored beam. By means of the block pouring design, the single-time pouring mass is reduced, the modular stirring integrated function is matched, the mortar uniformity is improved, the defects of cavities and segregation of overall pouring are overcome, and the water stop strip design at the block connecting position achieves the effects of construction joints and anti-seismic joints; modularized construction of the movable trolley is adopted, the formwork can be repeatedly used, the reinforcing steel bars can be extracted for engineering prefabrication, the number of operators on the construction site is greatly reduced, and the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

Description

A rail-mounted trolley and construction method for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground cavern construction technology, and in particular to a track-type trolley and construction method for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses. Background Technology

[0002] Rock anchor beams, short for rock wall crane beams, are permanent structural supports for the running tracks of bridge cranes used in the electromechanical installation and maintenance of underground powerhouses. As core load-bearing components of underground engineering projects, the construction quality of rock anchor beams directly determines the safety and applicability of the project. Currently, traditional rock anchor beam construction often employs monolithic casting, which presents the following key challenges: When the densely reinforced rock anchor beams are cast monolithically, the cement mortar lacks fluidity, easily leading to localized accumulation, voids, or cracks; vibration is difficult and uneven, affecting the beam's density; the reinforcing cages are often tied on-site, and side and bottom formwork require manual on-site splicing, resulting in high construction costs, easy grout leakage at joints, and easy deformation of the supporting structure, leading to poor beam formation quality.

[0003] Publication number CN 106150525 A, publication date November 23, 2016, invention titled "A Rock Anchor Beam Construction Trolley and its Construction Method," discloses a rock anchor beam construction trolley, including a frame, a template section mounted on the frame via connecting parts, and a traveling mechanism. The trolley has a simplified overall structure and, through modular design, facilitates installation and disassembly, simplifying the construction process and shortening the construction cycle. However, this technology only provides a method for moving template support and cannot achieve integrated modular molding of rock anchor beam reinforcement binding, template positioning, and pouring / vibration.

[0004] Publication number CN 105887884A, publication date August 24, 2016, invention titled "A Single-Sided Rock Anchor Beam Concrete Pouring Trolley," discloses a rock anchor beam concrete pouring device. This invention uses an integral, prefabricated template on one side of the trolley gantry to replace the traditional loose templates for controlling the rock anchor beam pouring outline. After the trolley moves to the construction site, the template is positioned to the rock anchor beam outline using template lifting beams and lateral support jacks, achieving efficient and safe construction of the rock anchor beam concrete. However, this invention does not consider the entire process of modular rock anchor beam pouring.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, a rock anchor beam casting device and construction method integrating segmented casting, bidirectional movement of the reinforcing cage, rotating and splicing of the formwork, integrated casting and mixing, and stable locking of the trolley is needed to solve problems such as defects in overall casting, difficulty in positioning, and unstable formwork, thereby improving construction efficiency and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a track-type trolley and construction method for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses, so as to improve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows: a track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beam sections in underground powerhouses includes a mobile trolley, a moving mechanism, and a segmented template assembly. The mobile trolley is an integral load-bearing base with four sets of wheels at the bottom, adapted to a first track. The mobile trolley can cover the construction area of ​​a single casting segment along the length of the rock anchor beam. The moving mechanism includes a reinforcing cage and a hook-lock assembly. The reinforcing cage is prefabricated according to the dimensions of the rock anchor beam segments, with dimensions matching the pre-set holes of the corresponding segments, and has lifting points at both ends. The hook-lock assembly includes a second track, a lifting hook lock, and a slider. The second track is installed on the mobile trolley, the slider is slidably mounted on the second track, and the lifting hook lock is fixed to the slider for driving the suspended object to rise and fall vertically. The slider is used to drive the suspended object to rise and fall vertically. The hanging object moves back and forth horizontally to precisely embed into the pre-set holes of the corresponding segment; the segment template assembly includes side templates, bottom splicing templates, and segment cover templates; the side templates consist of two pieces, respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the mobile trolley via a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft being connected to a hydraulic drive component, which can drive the side templates to rotate around the rotating shaft until they abut against the side of the corresponding segment's reinforcing cage and lock; the bottom splicing template is placed on the rear side of the mobile trolley, and it is composed of two sub-templates spliced ​​together by a hinge, the lifting hook lock hoisting the bottom splicing template to the bottom of the corresponding segment's reinforcing cage, and the hinge is equipped with a rotating drive component, which can drive the lower sub-template to rotate until it abuts against the bottom of the reinforcing cage; the segment cover template is placed on the underside of the mobile trolley, its size is adapted to a single casting segment, and it is used to cover the top opening of the corresponding segment's casting cavity.

[0008] More preferably, it also includes a support and positioning assembly, which includes at least four sets of rotatable support rods, one end of which is hinged to the side wall of the mobile trolley, and the other end is provided with an arc-shaped abutment block, and a rotation drive is provided at the hinge point; when the side template or bottom splicing template is in place, the rotation drive drives the rotatable support rods to rotate and abut against the outer wall of the side template or bottom splicing template to fix the template; specifically, the rotatable support rod includes a fixed section, a telescopic section and a locking pin; the fixed section is hinged to the mobile trolley, and the telescopic section is hydraulically driven to be sleeved in the fixed section, both of which have multiple positioning holes, and the locking pin is inserted into the positioning holes to fix the length.

[0009] More preferably, it also includes support legs, which are disposed on the mobile trolley and are used to adjust the level of the mobile trolley and provide auxiliary support.

[0010] More preferably, the segmented sealing template is divided into 4 vibration modules, each module having 1 large grouting hole and 4 small vibration holes; the large grouting hole is connected to the mortar delivery pipe, and the small vibration holes are fitted with vibrating rods, which are connected to a variable frequency motor drive unit, allowing for axial adjustment of the vibration depth and control of the vibration frequency to achieve uniform vibration of the corresponding segmented mortar and reduce air bubbles and voids; the length of the vibrating rod is adapted to the height of the corresponding segmented pouring cavity, and the outer wall is equipped with spiral stirring blades made of stainless steel; the frequency of the variable frequency motor can be dynamically adjusted according to the mortar consistency.

[0011] More preferably, it also includes a locking component, which includes a locking bolt, a first opening, and a second opening; the first opening is preset at the rim of each traveling wheel and is evenly distributed along the circumference of the rim; the second opening is preset on the top surface of the first track, and the spacing is adapted to the first opening; when the moving trolley is in place, the locking bolt is inserted into the aligned first opening and second opening to realize the fixed locking of the moving trolley and the first track.

[0012] More preferably, the first opening of the traveling wheel is equidistantly distributed along the circumference of the wheel rim; the spacing of the second opening is consistent with the circumferential spacing of the first opening, and the hole diameter is larger than the diameter of the locking bolt, which facilitates the insertion of the bolt; when the moving trolley moves to the fixed position, the traveling wheel can be fixed to the first track.

[0013] More preferably, it also includes an identification component, which includes a high-definition industrial camera and a positioning processor. The camera is fixed to the center of the top of the mobile trolley, facing the preset hole direction of the corresponding block, and is used to collect image information of the anchor rods in the block. The positioning processor is electrically connected to the camera and has a built-in AI recognition algorithm, which can calculate the coordinates of the anchor rods and feed them back to the moving mechanism to adjust the position of the rebar cage to avoid the anchor rods. The high-definition industrial camera has an infrared supplementary light function, which is suitable for dark underground environments. The anchor rods can be positioned by machine vision projection. During the rebar cage installation stage, the position of the rebar cage can be adjusted by machine vision before the anchor rods are installed.

[0014] More preferably, the rock anchor beam is set as a module every 9m, and the relative positions of the anchor holes and the reinforcing cage of each module are consistent. Water-stop strips are provided at the connection of the pre-set holes of adjacent blocks; the lifting hook lock adopts an electric hoist with a rated load capacity greater than 1.2 times the weight of the reinforcing cage.

[0015] More preferably, the inner walls of the side templates and bottom splicing templates are provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-stick coating, and the outer walls are provided with steel reinforcing ribs; EPDM rubber sealing strips are provided at the template joints and block joints to prevent mortar leakage.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a construction method for a track-type trolley according to any of the above claims, comprising the following steps: S10: Pre-treatment of segmented steel reinforcement cages and holes; 1. Setting up a module of rock anchor beams at 9m intervals, extracting and marking the specific position of each module, prefabricating corresponding steel reinforcement cages for each segmented module, reserving subsequent anchor rod insertion holes in the steel reinforcement cages, and marking the lifting points; 2. Planning the position of anchor holes in advance, drilling pre-set anchor holes in segments at the construction position, and after the steel reinforcement cages are installed in place, installing anchor rods into the anchor holes and anchoring them with cement grout; S20: Positioning and locking of the moving trolley; 1. Leveling the site on the lower platform of the rock anchor beam, locating the laying position of the first track according to the distance of the segmented modules, laying the first track, and driving the trolley. 1. The mobile trolley travels along the first track to the front of the preset hole of the first pouring block, and adjusts the level by using the support legs; 2. Rotate the traveling wheels to align the first opening with the second opening, insert the locking bolts into the aligned holes, and tighten them with a torque wrench to fix the mobile trolley; and open the four support legs for fixation; S30: Precise positioning of the rebar cage; 1. The rebar cage is moved to the designated position by the transport trolley, the lifting hook lock is activated, the rebar cage of the first block is lifted from the transport trolley and raised to the height level with the preset hole of the block; 2. The high-definition industrial camera is activated to identify the image of the prefabricated anchor bolt hole and generate an avoidance path; the slider is activated to drive the rebar cage to move horizontally along the path, embedding the rebar cage into the corresponding pouring part; 3. With After inserting the corresponding anchor rods, and after the anchor rods are anchored and fixed, weld them to the reinforcing cage; S40: Segment template assembly and fixing; 1. Start the lifting hook lock to hoist the bottom splicing template to the bottom of the segment reinforcing cage. First, make the fixed sub-template fit against the front wall of the reinforcing cage, and then start the rotation drive to make the rotatable sub-template rotate to abut the bottom of the reinforcing cage to complete the splicing; 2. Start the hydraulic drive to drive the side template to rotate around the rotation axis to abut the side of the reinforcing cage, and seal the joint and segment joint with the sealing strip; 3. Start the rotatable support rod to rotate to align with the outer wall of the template and abut the template, and insert the locking pin to fix it; S50: Segment covering and pouring; 1. Use the lifting hook lock to hoist the segment covering template to the segment and cover the top of the segment pouring cavity. 1. Open the formwork to align the pouring module with the pouring cavity; 2. Reserve pouring holes in the segmented cover template, connect the mortar delivery pipe to the reserved holes for pouring; at the same time, the cover template is equipped with vibration holes, insert the vibrator to vibrate, and ensure that the mortar is poured evenly and densely; 3. After the mortar is poured, seal the pouring holes and vibration holes, add steam for curing, and when the curing meets the specifications, the segmented cover template can be disassembled first, then the side templates can be disassembled, and finally the bottom splicing template can be removed; repair and smooth the surface of the rock anchor beam and the segmented joints; S60: Segmented skip-stage cyclic construction; 1. Using the staged construction method, remove the locking bolts of the first segment, drive the mobile trolley along the first track to the next pouring segment, repeat steps S20~S50, and complete the pouring of all segments;2. To expedite construction, multiple mobile trolleys can be designed for simultaneous pouring.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Significantly improved casting quality: The segmented casting design reduces the volume of a single casting, and the modular mixing integrated function improves the uniformity of mortar, avoiding voids and segregation defects in the overall casting. The waterstop design at the segment joints serves as a construction joint and seismic joint; 2. Low construction cost: The present invention adopts modular construction using a mobile trolley, the formwork can be reused, and the reinforcing steel can be extracted and prefabricated, greatly reducing the number of workers on the construction site and significantly reducing construction costs. 3. Fast construction time: Modular construction significantly shortens the time, allowing multiple mobile trolleys to pour simultaneously. Skip-pour construction enables rapid completion of pouring. 4. Efficient formwork assembly: The rotating side formwork and bottom splicing design, combined with rotatable support rods for fixation, and standardized, customized single-section formwork assembly, ensure tight, leak-proof grouting and allow for repeated use. 5. High safety: The mobile trolley's locking components have strong load-bearing capacity. Segmented construction reduces the risks of working at heights and is suitable for operations in confined underground spaces. 6. High versatility: By adjusting the number of segments, reinforcement cage, and formwork dimensions, it can adapt to the construction of rock anchor beams of different lengths and cross-sections, making it widely applicable. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the back of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the segmented structure of the rock anchor beam of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transportation and suspension of the steel cage of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the lifting and lowering of the steel cage according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the support leg of the present invention retracting and opening.

[0024] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the support leg installation structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the bottom splicing template installation structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile trolley part of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the segmented sealing template structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the locking component structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the locking component of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the bottom splicing template supported by the rotatable support rod of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steel cage of the present invention installed on the anchor rod.

[0032] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the steel cage structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 16 is a side view of the steel cage and anchor rod of the present invention installed on the rock anchor beam.

[0034] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Mobile trolley; 101. Rock anchor beam; 102. Anchor bolt; 103. Reinforcing cage; 2. Traveling wheel; 3. First track; 4. Second track; 5. First opening; 6. Second opening; 7. Lifting hook lock; 8. Sliding block; 9. Side template; 901. Template hook lock; 10. Bottom splicing template; 11. Segmented sealing template; 12. Rotatable support rod; 13. Support leg; 14. Camera. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The terms "comprising" and similar expressions used herein mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or objects.

[0036] Example 1: This example provides a track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses, as shown in Figures 1-14. It includes a mobile trolley 1, a moving mechanism, a segmented template assembly, a support and positioning assembly, an identification assembly, and a locking assembly. The mobile trolley 1 is an integral load-bearing base with four sets of wheels 2 at the bottom, adapted to a first track 3. The mobile trolley 1 can cover the construction area of ​​a single casting segment along the length of the rock anchor beam 101. As shown in Figure 3, the rock anchor beam 101 has pre-set holes for inserting anchor rods 102, as shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 4, the anchor bolt 102 is divided into horizontal anchor bolts and inclined anchor bolts. The moving mechanism includes a reinforcing cage 103 and a hook-lock assembly. The reinforcing cage 103 is prefabricated according to the segmented dimensions of the rock anchor beam 101, and its dimensions are adapted to the preset holes of the corresponding segments. Lifting points are provided at both ends. The hook-lock assembly includes a second track 4, a lifting hook lock 7, and a slider 8. The second track 4 is installed on the moving trolley 1, and the slider 8 is slidably disposed on the second track 4. The second track 4 controls the movement of the slider 8, and the lifting hook lock 7 is fixed to the slider 8 for driving. The reinforcing cage 103 moves vertically up and down; the slider 8 drives the reinforcing cage 103 to move back and forth horizontally to accurately embed into the preset holes of the corresponding segments; the segment template assembly includes side templates 9, bottom splicing templates 10, and segment cover templates 11; the side templates 9 consist of two pieces, respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the moving trolley 1 via a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft being connected to a hydraulic drive component, which can drive the side templates 9 to rotate around the rotating shaft until they abut against the side of the corresponding segment reinforcing cage 103 and lock; as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the bottom splicing template 10 is placed At the rear of the mobile trolley 1, it is composed of two sub-templates spliced ​​together by hinges. The lower side of the mobile trolley 1 is provided with a placement groove for placing the bottom splicing template 10. The lifting hook lock 7 hoists the bottom splicing template 10 to the bottom of the corresponding segmented steel cage 103, so that the bottom splicing template 10 is removed from the placement groove. The lower sub-template is provided with a rotation drive component, which can drive the lower sub-template to rotate to abut the bottom of the steel cage 103. The segmented sealing template 11 is placed on the lower side of the mobile trolley 1. Its size is adapted to a single pouring segment and is used to seal the top opening of the corresponding segmented pouring cavity.

[0037] In some embodiments, the support positioning assembly includes at least four sets of rotatable support rods 12, one end of which is hinged to the side wall of the mobile trolley 1, and the other end is provided with an arc-shaped abutment block, and a rotation drive is provided at the hinge point; when the side template 9 or the bottom splicing template 10 is in place, the rotation drive drives the rotatable support rods 12 to rotate, abutting against the outer wall of the side template 9 or the bottom splicing template 10, thereby fixing the template.

[0038] In some embodiments, the rotatable support rod 12 includes a fixed section, a telescopic section, and a locking pin; the fixed section is hinged to the mobile trolley, and the telescopic section is hydraulically driven and sleeved inside the fixed section. Both sections have multiple positioning holes, and the locking pin is inserted into the positioning holes to fix the length.

[0039] Furthermore, the rotatable support rod 12 of the fixed side template 9 is omnidirectional. It first rotates towards the rock anchor beam 101 so that the arc-shaped abutment block on it is on the same horizontal line as the side template 9, and then rotates left and right until the arc-shaped abutment block abuts against the side template 9, thereby fixing the side template 9.

[0040] Furthermore, the rotatable support rod 12 that fixes the bottom splicing template 10 consists of two parts: one part is used to fix the fixed segment template on the upper side of the bottom splicing template 10, and the other part is used to fix the rotating segment template on the lower side of the bottom splicing template 10. Both parts rotate back and forth to fix the bottom splicing template 10.

[0041] In some embodiments, the segmented sealing template 11 is divided into four vibration modules, each module having one large grouting hole and four small vibration holes. The large grouting hole is connected to a mortar delivery pipe, and a vibrator is fitted into each of the small vibration holes. The vibrator is connected to a variable frequency motor drive, which can adjust the vibration depth and control the vibration frequency along the axial direction to achieve uniform vibration of the corresponding mortar segments and reduce air bubbles and voids. After the reinforcing cage 103 is installed in place, the side template 9 and the bottom splicing template 10 are installed, and finally the segmented sealing template 11 is covered. The pouring port and vibration holes on the segmented sealing template 11 can ensure the uniformity of pouring and provide a closed space for concrete curing. The pouring port and vibration holes can be sealed after pouring for steam curing.

[0042] In some embodiments, an identification component is also included, which includes a high-definition industrial camera 14 and a positioning processor. The camera 14 is fixed to the center of the top of the mobile trolley 1, facing the preset hole direction of the corresponding block, and is used to collect image information of the anchor rod 102 in the block. The positioning processor is electrically connected to the camera 14 and has a built-in AI recognition algorithm, which can calculate the coordinates of the anchor rod 102 and feed them back to the moving mechanism to adjust the position of the steel cage 103 to avoid the anchor rod 102.

[0043] In some embodiments, the locking assembly includes a locking bolt, a first opening 5, and a second opening 6; the first opening 5 is preset at the rim of each traveling wheel 2 and is evenly distributed along the circumference of the rim; the second opening 6 is preset on the top surface of the first track 3, with a spacing adapted to the first opening 5; when the moving trolley 1 is in place, the locking bolt is inserted into the aligned first opening 5 and second opening 6 to achieve fixed locking between the moving trolley 1 and the first track 3; in some embodiments, the rock anchor beam 101 is set as a module every 9m, and the relative positions of the anchor bolt hole and the reinforcing cage of each module are consistent, and a water-stop strip is provided at the connection of the preset holes of adjacent blocks; the lifting hook lock 7 adopts an electric hoist with a rated load capacity greater than 1.2 times the weight of the reinforcing cage.

[0044] In some embodiments, the inner walls of the side template 9 and the bottom splicing template 10 are provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-stick coating, and the outer walls are provided with steel reinforcing ribs; EPDM rubber sealing strips are provided at the template joints and the block joints to prevent mortar leakage.

[0045] In some embodiments, the length of the vibrating rod is adapted to the height of the corresponding segmented pouring cavity, and the outer wall is provided with a wear-resistant vibrating rod head made of stainless steel; the frequency of the variable frequency motor is adjustable (50~150Hz), and the vibration intensity can be dynamically adjusted according to the consistency of the mortar.

[0046] In some embodiments, the high-definition industrial camera 14 has an infrared fill light function, which is suitable for dark underground environments; the anchor bolt 102 can be positioned by machine vision projection. During the installation of the rebar cage, the position of the rebar cage can be adjusted by machine vision before the anchor bolt 102 is installed.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first opening 5 of the traveling wheel 2 is equidistantly distributed along the circumference of the wheel rim; the spacing of the second opening 6 is consistent with the circumferential spacing of the first opening 5, and the hole diameter is larger than the diameter of the locking bolt, which facilitates the insertion of the bolt; when the moving trolley 1 moves to the fixed position, the traveling wheel 2 can be fixed to the first track 3.

[0048] In some embodiments, the steel cage 103 is provided with horizontal and diagonal steel bars. The horizontal steel bars are evenly spaced along the length of the steel cage with a layer spacing of 200-250mm, and the spacing is increased to 150-180mm in the top, bottom and middle core areas. The diagonal steel bars are arranged at an angle of 45°-60° with the horizontal steel bars and are arranged bidirectionally between the layers of horizontal steel bars. The spacing of the diagonal steel bars in the same layer is the same as the spacing of the horizontal steel bars. Connecting bars are provided at the intersection of the horizontal steel bars and the diagonal steel bars. The connecting bars are arranged in a quincunx pattern and are perpendicular to the plane of the horizontal steel bars. Both ends are welded and fixed to the upper and lower layers of horizontal steel bars, respectively.

[0049] In some embodiments, the horizontal and diagonal reinforcing bars are both HRB400 grade threaded steel bars with a diameter of Φ16-22mm. A 150-200mm straight section is reserved at both ends of the diagonal reinforcing bars for welding. The connecting bars are HRB400 grade Φ12-14mm threaded steel bars with both ends ground into a 15° chamfer, and a welding allowance of ≥50mm at each end. Welding is performed using E5003 type welding rods. Double-sided spot welding and full welding are used to reinforce the intersections of the horizontal and diagonal reinforcing bars. The connecting bars and the horizontal / diagonal reinforcing bars are joined using a perimeter welding process.

[0050] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, a support leg 13 is also included. The support leg 13 is disposed on the mobile trolley 1 and is used to adjust the levelness of the mobile trolley 1 and provide auxiliary support. The support leg 13 is divided into a sliding part and a rotating part. The sliding part slides up and down on the mobile trolley 1, and the rotating part is rotatably connected to the sliding part to adjust the support angle of the entire support leg 13. A universal support block is provided on the side of the rotating part away from the sliding part, which can adjust the support angle so that it can flexibly fit with the ground. A groove is provided on the mobile trolley 1 for placing the universal support block.

[0051] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the present invention also provides a construction method for a track-type trolley as described above, including the following steps: S10: Pre-treatment of segmented steel reinforcement cages and holes; 1. Set up a module of rock anchor beam 101 at 9m intervals, extract and mark the specific position of each module, prefabricate the corresponding steel reinforcement cage 103 for each segment module, reserve insertion holes for subsequent anchor rods 102 in the steel reinforcement cage 103, and mark the lifting points; 2. Plan the position of the anchor holes in advance, drill the pre-set anchor holes in segments at the construction position, and after the steel reinforcement cage 103 is installed in place, insert the anchor rods 102 into the anchor holes. Install anchor bolts 102 and anchor them with cement grout; S20: Position and lock the mobile trolley 1; 1. Level the site on the lower platform of the rock anchor beam 101, locate the laying position of the first track 3 according to the distance of the sub-modules, lay the first track 3, drive the mobile trolley 1 along the first track 3 to the front of the preset hole of the first pouring block, and adjust the level by using the support legs 13; 2. Rotate the traveling wheel 2 to align the first opening 5 with the second opening 6, insert the locking bolt into the aligned hole, tighten it with a torque wrench to fix the mobile trolley 1; and open the four support legs 13 for fixation.S30: Precise positioning of the rebar cage 103; 1. The rebar cage 103 is moved to the designated position by the transport trolley, and the lifting hook lock 7 is activated to lift the first segment of the rebar cage 103 from the transport trolley and raise it to the height level with the preset hole of the segment; 2. The high-definition industrial camera 14 is activated to identify the image of the prefabricated anchor bolt hole and generate an avoidance path; the slider 8 is activated to drive the rebar cage 103 to move horizontally along the path and embed the rebar cage 103 into the corresponding pouring position; 3. Then the corresponding anchor bolt 102 is inserted and the anchor bolt 102 is anchored. After fixing, weld it to the reinforcing cage 103; S40: Segment template assembly and fixing; 1. Start the lifting hook lock 7 to hoist the bottom splicing template 10 to the bottom of the segment reinforcing cage 103. First, make the fixed sub-template fit against the front wall of the reinforcing cage 103, and then start the rotation drive to make the rotatable sub-template rotate to abut the bottom of the reinforcing cage 103 to complete the splicing; 2. Start the hydraulic drive to drive the side template 8 to rotate around the rotation axis to abut the side of the reinforcing cage 103, and seal the joint and segment joint with the sealing strip; 3. Start the rotatable support Support rod 12, rotated until aligned with the outer wall of the template and against the template, then inserted and locked with locking pin; S50: Segmented Covering and Pouring; 1. Use lifting hook lock 7 to hoist the segmented covering template 11 to the segment, covering the top opening of the segmented pouring cavity, so that the pouring module is aligned with the pouring cavity; 2. The segmented covering template 11 has reserved pouring holes, and the mortar delivery pipe is connected to the reserved holes for pouring; at the same time, the covering template has vibration holes, and the vibrator is inserted for vibration to ensure that the mortar is poured evenly and densely; 3. After the mortar pouring is completed, the pouring holes and vibration holes are sealed, and steam is added. After maintenance, once the maintenance meets the specifications, the block cover template 11 can be disassembled first, then the side template 9 can be disassembled, and finally the bottom splicing template 10 can be removed; the surface of the rock anchor beam 101 and the joint of the blocks can be repaired and smoothed; S60: Block skip-construction cycle construction; 1. Using the shift construction method, remove the locking bolts of the first block, drive the mobile trolley 1 along the first track 3 to the next pouring block, repeat steps S20~S50 to complete the pouring of all blocks; 2. If it is necessary to speed up the construction progress, multiple mobile trolleys 1 can be designed for synchronous pouring construction.

[0052] Example 3: Based on Example 2, this invention provides a precast steel cage scheme, as shown in Figures 15-16. Specifically: I. Core Design Logic The design of this steel cage revolves around three core aspects of the rock anchor beam: "rigidification of the shear resistance system, unobstructed anchor insertion, and coordinated force transmission between reinforcement and anchor". Horizontal and diagonal shear reinforcements are connected by welded reinforcements to compensate for the local weak connection problem of shear reinforcements caused by the spaced distribution. The design logic can be summarized in four points: 1. Longitudinal main reinforcement as the core skeleton: bearing the longitudinal bending and compressive stress of the rock anchor beam, it is the final load-bearing carrier of shear reinforcements, welded reinforcements, and anchors, ensuring the overall stability of the steel cage; 2. Shear horizontal reinforcement + 3. Interval distribution of diagonal reinforcement: Horizontal reinforcement resists the horizontal shear force of the rock platform, while diagonal reinforcement resists the diagonal main shear force of the rock platform. The two are arranged at intervals according to the anchor bolt spacing, with reserved regular and unobstructed anchor bolt insertion channels, taking into account both shear resistance requirements and the convenience of anchor bolt construction; 4. Direct connection of welded reinforcement to shear reinforcement: As the "series reinforcement" of the shear resistance system, adjacent horizontal shear reinforcement and diagonal reinforcement are directly welded, upgrading the interval shear reinforcement from "single-point connection with main reinforcement" to "three-dimensional grid of interconnected reinforcements", which greatly improves the overall stiffness and shear force transmission efficiency of the shear resistance system and avoids local stress deformation of the shear reinforcement; 5. Integrated reinforcement and anchorage for coordinated force transmission: The reinforcement cage assists in the precise insertion and positioning of anchor bolts through the interval channels. After the anchor bolts are inserted, they are welded and fixed to the shear reinforcement / welded reinforcement, allowing the rock anchor beam load to be evenly transmitted to the anchor bolts through multiple layers of reinforcement, and then transmitted to the stable bedrock by the anchor bolts.

[0053] II. Detailed Parameters and Layout Requirements of Core Components (I) The longitudinal main reinforcement serves as the core and main load-bearing reinforcement of the rock anchor beam skeleton. It is arranged in layers along the upper and lower edges of the cross section, and the reinforcement is densified in the tension zone of the rock surface. Its axis and slope must be adapted to the beam body and rock platform. Mechanical connection is preferred and the joint quality is strictly controlled. The junction with the shear reinforcement should be fully welded to provide reliable load-bearing support for the shear system.

[0054] (ii) The shear-resistant horizontal reinforcement serves both to resist horizontal shear force and as a lateral positioning reference for the anchor rods. It is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal main reinforcement along the longitudinal direction of the rock anchor beam at equal intervals, and the spacing must match the anchor rod spacing. Both ends are welded to the closed stirrups to form a lateral force-bearing closed loop, which can effectively resist the horizontal shear force at the interface between the rock platform and the beam, and at the same time serve as a lateral hard limit for the anchor rods to prevent them from shifting laterally.

[0055] (III) The shear reinforcement mainly resists the diagonal principal shear force and serves as the longitudinal support benchmark for the anchor rod. It is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the diagonal shear force of the rock platform slope. It is distributed alternately with the shear horizontal reinforcement at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the rock anchor beam. The upper and lower ends should be fully welded to the longitudinal main reinforcement on both sides. If the length is insufficient, lap welding is used. This reinforcement can resist the diagonal principal shear force of the rock platform slope and provide longitudinal rigid support for the anchor rod, preventing it from diagonally slipping under load.

[0056] (iv) The welded reinforcement is a new core component added to this design. It does not have an independent load-bearing function, but serves as a connecting link between shear reinforcements and is also key to improving the overall stiffness of the shear system. It directly connects adjacent horizontal and diagonal shear reinforcements, is arranged equidistantly from the shear reinforcements along the longitudinal direction of the rock anchor beam, and must avoid the anchor insertion channel so that the spaced shear reinforcements form an integral grid.

[0057] (v) The core function of the outermost stirrups is to form the outer frame of the steel cage, and mainly achieves four functions: defining the outline of the steel cage, forming a closed loop of shear and torsional stress, serving as the control benchmark for the protective layer, and confining the concrete and improving its ductility and crack resistance.

[0058] The spacing and distribution of shear reinforcement bars and diagonal bars determine the shape of the anchor insertion channel, while the connection method of the welded bars determines the stiffness of the shear mesh. The combination of these two must strictly adhere to the principle of "no weak points in the shear mesh and no obstructions to the anchor channel." On-site, appropriate structures should be selected based on the anchor design parameters, with the core principle being "spaced channels and welded bars connecting to form a mesh." The mainstream approach adopts a "parallel spacing + straight welded bar connection" form (suitable for anchor insertion into vertical rock surfaces), with the following specific requirements: 1. Shear reinforcement distribution: Shear reinforcement bars and diagonal bars are arranged alternately and parallel at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the rock anchor beam, forming a straight anchor insertion channel consistent with the longitudinal direction of the beam.

[0059] 2. Welded bar connection: Adjacent horizontal and diagonal bars are connected by straight welded bars to form a rectangular shear grid of equal size. Welded bars are only placed on both sides of the anchor bolt channel and must not occupy the channel area.

[0060] 3. Anchor Insertion Fitting: The anchor is inserted vertically along the inclined surface of the rock platform along the channel. Shear reinforcement provides limiting and support, and welded reinforcement enhances the outer rigidity, ensuring smooth anchor insertion and adapting to the rock anchor beam with corresponding slope and anchor arrangement requirements.

[0061] The core requirements for the overall structure are as follows: the shear reinforcement and welded reinforcement must be precisely matched with the anchor bolt spacing and the error must be controllable; sufficient clearance should be reserved in the anchor bolt channel to ensure insertion and welding operations; the welded reinforcement is only used to connect the shear reinforcement, and must avoid the anchor bolt channel and must not contact the anchor bolt; the shear mesh must continuously and completely cover the rock platform interface to ensure uniform shear force transmission; shear reinforcement of the same type should be kept parallel along the longitudinal direction, and the original angle and position of the welded reinforcement should not be changed after connection to ensure the straightness of anchor bolt insertion.

[0062] III. Synergistic Design of Reinforcing Cage and Anchor Bolt (Auxiliary Insertion + Integrated Reinforcement-Anchor Force Transmission) One of the core functions of the reinforcing cage is to provide precise and smooth insertion conditions for the anchor bolt. The setting of welded reinforcement significantly improves the overall rigidity of the reinforcing cage, making the anchor bolt positioning and support more stable, and finally achieving synergistic force transmission through reinforcement-anchor welding fixation. This design revolves around four core requirements: "positioning, support, connection, and force transmission," as follows: 1. Providing a high-precision positioning benchmark: The reinforcing cage is precisely fixed to the rock platform by rock surface positioning reinforcement. The grid formed by shear reinforcement and welded reinforcement achieves rigid positioning of the anchor bolt, with insertion accuracy far superior to manual methods. Shear reinforcement provides hard restraint for the anchor bolt, and welded reinforcement enhances its rigidity, preventing deformation and displacement of the reinforcement body during anchor bolt insertion, ensuring that the insertion angle and position meet the design requirements.

[0063] 2. Provides stable installation support: When the anchor bolt is inserted into the bedrock, the grid formed by the shear reinforcement and welded reinforcement can serve as a pushing support point, preventing the anchor bolt from swaying or bending, reducing construction difficulty and improving efficiency. Long anchor bolts can use straight channels as guide grooves to avoid deviation during long-distance pushing.

[0064] 3. Achieving Flexible and Robust Connections: After pre-fixing, the anchor rods are welded to the reinforcing cage. The weld reinforcement allows for the selection of either shear reinforcement or welded reinforcement at the anchor rod welding points, enhancing welding flexibility and strength. Each anchor rod should be fully welded to at least two reinforcement bars in different directions on both sides; if the exposed length is insufficient, lapped reinforcement bars of the same specification should be used to extend it before welding. Welding points should preferably be selected at the joints of welded reinforcement and shear reinforcement to avoid localized stress concentration caused by welding a single reinforcement bar.

[0065] 4. Formation of a multi-layered closed-loop force transmission system integrating reinforcement and anchorage: The upper load of the rock-anchored beam is transmitted along the path of "beam concrete → longitudinal main reinforcement → shear mesh → anchor → stable bedrock". The welded reinforcement ensures that the shear force is first evenly distributed within the shear mesh before being transmitted to the anchor. The bedrock reaction force is also evenly transmitted to the reinforcement cage through the anchor, and then dispersed to the beam concrete, forming a multi-layered closed-loop force transmission system, which significantly improves the anchorage reliability of the rock-anchored beam.

[0066] While embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to these embodiments. However, it should be understood that such modifications and variations fall within the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims. Furthermore, the invention described herein may have other embodiments and can be implemented or carried out in various ways.

Claims

1. A track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses, characterized in that, The system includes a mobile trolley (1), a moving mechanism, and a segmented template assembly. The mobile trolley (1) is an integral load-bearing base with four sets of wheels (2) at the bottom, which are adapted to the first track (3). The mobile trolley (1) can cover the construction range of a single casting segment along the length of the rock anchor beam (101). The moving mechanism includes a steel cage (103) and a hook lock assembly. The steel cage (103) is prefabricated according to the segmented size of the rock anchor beam (101), and its size is adapted to the preset holes of the corresponding segments. It has lifting points at both ends. The hook lock assembly includes a second track (4), a lifting hook lock (7), and a slider (8). The second track (4) is installed on the mobile trolley (1), and the slider (8) is slidably set on the second track (4). The lifting hook lock (7) is fixed to the slider (8) and is used to drive the suspended object to rise and fall in the vertical direction. The slider (8) is used to drive the suspended object to move back and forth in the horizontal direction. The pre-set holes for the corresponding blocks are precisely embedded; the block template assembly includes side templates (9), bottom splicing templates (10) and block cover templates (11); the side templates (9) consist of two pieces, which are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the mobile trolley (1) by a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is connected to a hydraulic drive component, which can drive the side templates (9) to rotate around the rotating shaft to abut against the side of the corresponding block reinforcement cage (103) and lock it; the bottom splicing template (10) is placed on the rear side of the mobile trolley (1), which is composed of two sub-templates spliced ​​by a hinge. The lifting hook lock (7) hoists the bottom splicing template (10) to the bottom of the corresponding block reinforcement cage (103), and the hinge is provided with a rotating drive component, which can drive the lower sub-template to rotate to abut against the bottom of the reinforcement cage (103); the block cover template (11) is placed on the lower side of the mobile trolley (1), and its size is adapted to a single casting block, and is used to cover the top opening of the corresponding block casting cavity.

2. The track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support and positioning assembly, which includes at least four sets of rotatable support rods (12), one end of which is hinged to the side wall of the mobile trolley (1), and the other end is provided with an arc-shaped abutment block, and a rotation drive is provided at the hinge; when the side template (9) or the bottom splicing template (10) is in place, the rotation drive drives the rotatable support rod (12) to rotate and abut against the outer wall of the side template (9) or the bottom splicing template (10) to fix the template; specifically, the rotatable support rod (12) includes a fixed section, a telescopic section and a locking pin; the fixed section is hinged to the mobile trolley, and the telescopic section is hydraulically driven to be sleeved in the fixed section. Both have multiple positioning holes, and the locking pin is inserted into the positioning hole to fix the length.

3. The track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support leg (13), which is mounted on the mobile trolley (1) to adjust the level of the mobile trolley (1) and provide auxiliary support.

4. A track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The segmented sealing template (11) is divided into 4 vibration modules. Each module has 1 large grouting hole and 4 small vibration holes. The large grouting hole is connected to the mortar delivery pipe. The small vibration holes are fitted with vibrating rods. The vibrating rods are connected to the variable frequency motor drive. The vibration depth can be adjusted along the axis and the vibration frequency can be controlled to achieve uniform vibration of the corresponding segmented mortar and reduce air bubbles and voids. The length of the vibrating rod is adapted to the height of the corresponding segmented pouring cavity. The outer wall is equipped with spiral stirring blades made of stainless steel. The frequency of the variable frequency motor can be dynamically adjusted according to the consistency of the mortar.

5. A track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a locking assembly, which includes a locking bolt, a first opening (5) and a second opening (6); the first opening (5) is preset at the rim of each walking wheel (2) and is evenly distributed along the circumference of the rim; the second opening (6) is preset on the top surface of the first track (3) and the spacing is adapted to the first opening (5); when the moving trolley (1) is in place, the locking bolt is inserted into the aligned first opening (5) and second opening (6) to realize the fixed locking of the moving trolley (1) and the first track (3).

6. A track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first opening (5) of the walking wheel (2) is distributed at equal intervals along the circumference of the wheel rim; the spacing of the second opening (6) is consistent with the circumferential spacing of the first opening (5), and the hole diameter is larger than the diameter of the locking bolt, which facilitates the insertion of the bolt; when the moving trolley (1) moves to the fixed position, the walking wheel (2) can be fixed to the first track (3).

7. A track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an identification component, which includes a high-definition industrial camera (14) and a positioning processor. The camera (14) is fixed to the center of the top of the mobile trolley (1) and faces the preset hole direction of the corresponding block. It is used to collect image information of the anchor rod (102) in the block. The positioning processor is electrically connected to the camera (14) and has a built-in AI recognition algorithm. It can calculate the coordinates of the anchor rod (102) and feed them back to the moving mechanism to adjust the position of the steel cage (103) to avoid the anchor rod (102). The high-definition industrial camera (14) has an infrared supplementary light function, which is suitable for the dark underground environment. The anchor rod (102) can be positioned by machine vision projection. In the steel cage installation stage, the position of the steel cage can be adjusted by machine vision, and then the anchor rod (102) is implanted.

8. A track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock anchor beam (101) is set as a module every 9m. The relative positions of the anchor hole and the steel cage (103) of each module are consistent. Water-stop strips are provided at the connection of the pre-set holes of adjacent blocks. The lifting hook lock (7) adopts an electric hoist with a rated load capacity greater than 1.2 times the weight of the steel cage (103).

9. A track-type trolley for rapid casting of rock anchor beams in underground powerhouses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner walls of the side template (9) and the bottom splicing template (10) are provided with polytetrafluoroethylene anti-stick coating, and the outer walls are provided with steel reinforcing ribs; EPDM rubber sealing strips are provided at the template joints and the block joints to prevent mortar leakage.

10. A construction method based on the track-type trolley according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The following steps are included: S10: Pre-treatment of segmented steel cages and holes; 1. Set up a module of rock anchor beam (101) at 9m intervals, extract and mark the specific position of each module, prefabricate the corresponding steel cage (103) for each segment module, reserve the insertion hole for subsequent anchor rods (102) in the steel cage (103), and mark the lifting point; 2. Plan the position of the anchor hole in advance, drill the pre-set anchor hole in the construction position according to the segment, and after the steel cage (103) is installed in place, install the anchor rod (102) in the anchor hole and anchor it with cement grout; S20: Positioning and locking of mobile trolley (1); 1. Level the site on the lower platform of rock anchor beam (101), locate the laying position of the first track (3) according to the distance of the segment modules, lay the first track (3), drive the mobile trolley (1) along the first track (3) to the front of the pre-set hole of the first pouring segment, and adjust the levelness by supporting leg (13); 2. Rotate the walking wheel (2) to align the first opening (5) with the second opening (6), insert the locking bolt into the aligned hole, and tighten it with a torque wrench to fix the moving trolley (1); and open the four support legs (13) for fixation; S30: The steel cage (103) is precisely positioned; 1. The steel cage (103) is moved to the designated position by the transport trolley, and the lifting hook lock (7) is activated to pull the first section of the steel cage (103) from the transport trolley and raise it to the height level with the preset hole of the section; 2. Start the high-definition industrial camera (14) to identify the image of the precast anchor bolt hole and generate an avoidance path; start the slider (8) to drive the steel cage (103) to move horizontally along the path and embed the steel cage (103) into the corresponding pouring part; 3. Then insert the corresponding anchor bolt (102), and after the anchor bolt (102) is anchored and fixed, weld it to the steel cage (103); S40: Segment template assembly and fixing; 1. Start the lifting hook lock (7) to hoist the bottom splicing template (10) to the bottom of the segment steel cage (103), and first make the fixed sub-template fit against the steel cage (103). ) Front wall, then start the rotating drive to make the rotatable sub-formwork rotate to abut the bottom of the steel cage (103) to complete the splicing; 2. Start the hydraulic drive to drive the side formwork (8) to rotate around the rotating axis to abut the side of the steel cage (103), and seal the joint and the block joint with the sealing strip; 3. Start the rotatable support rod (12) to rotate to align with the outer wall of the formwork to abut the formwork, and insert the locking pin to fix it; S50: Block sealing and pouring; 1. Use the lifting hook lock (7) to hoist the block sealing formwork (11) to the block, cover the top opening of the block pouring cavity, and make the pouring module align with the pouring cavity; 2. The block cover template (11) is reserved with a pouring hole. The mortar delivery pipe is connected to the reserved hole for pouring. At the same time, the cover template is equipped with a vibration hole. The vibrator is inserted to vibrate and ensure that the mortar is poured evenly and densely.

3. After the mortar is poured, the pouring hole and vibration hole are sealed and steam is added for curing. When the curing meets the specifications, the block cover template (11) can be disassembled first, then the side template (9) can be disassembled, and finally the bottom splicing template (10) can be disassembled. The surface of the rock anchor beam (101) and the block connection are repaired and leveled. S60: Block skip-stage cyclic construction.

1. The trough construction method is adopted. The locking bolt of the first block is removed, and the mobile trolley (1) is driven to travel along the first track (3) to the next pouring block. Steps S20~S50 are repeated to complete the pouring of all blocks.

2. If it is necessary to speed up the construction progress, multiple mobile trolleys (1) can be designed for synchronous pouring construction.

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