High-speed rail underlying karst cave vibration monitoring equipment combining active and passive source surface waves

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration monitoring, and particularly relates to high-speed rail underlying karst cave vibration monitoring equipment combining active and passive source surface waves, which comprises a vibration exciter, and a conduction mechanism is mounted at the lower end of the vibration exciter and comprises a conduction rod. According to the high-speed rail underlying karst cave vibration monitoring equipment combining the active and passive source surface waves, the conduction mechanism is installed at the lower end of the vibration exciter, a bottom plate in the conduction mechanism is utilized to make direct contact with the ground, vibration is transmitted to the ground, and meanwhile a conduction rod is nailed into the ground through vibration of the vibration exciter and thrust of a hydraulic rod; the contact area between the vibration source and the ground is increased, the vibration transmission effect is improved, after the conduction rod is directly inserted into the ground, vibration energy generated by the hydraulic vibrator can be more effectively transmitted to the ground, especially in an irregular or hard geological environment, the vibration transmission effect is improved, and the vibration transmission efficiency is improved. And it is ensured that an active source signal can permeate into a deeper stratum, and the depth of a pile foundation and a karst structure can be explored deeper.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vibration monitoring technology, and in particular to a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves. Background Technology

[0002] Before the construction of railway pile foundations, the development of karst caves at the pile locations is not clearly defined, which can easily lead to grout leakage and seepage. This can result in serious accidents such as borehole collapse, drilling rig overturning, drill bit burial, pile cap suspension, overall pile foundation subsidence, and cracking of surrounding buildings, greatly increasing the difficulty of pile foundation construction and affecting the quality of pile foundation construction. Therefore, it is necessary to use seismic CT to detect karst caves at the pile bottom. However, due to the complex environment inside the karst caves, large equipment such as controlled seismic source vehicles cannot enter the karst caves and may even cause the karst caves to collapse if used inside. On the other hand, small equipment has limited vibration transmission efficiency due to equipment size limitations, which reduces the accuracy of monitoring results and makes it inconvenient to use for vibration monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the technical problem that existing vibration monitoring equipment cannot perform vibration monitoring due to the limitations of the environment inside karst caves, this invention proposes a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves.

[0004] The present invention proposes a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, including an exciter. The lower end of the exciter is equipped with a transmission mechanism, which includes a transmission rod, the lower end of which is conical. The upper end of the vibrator is equipped with a protective mechanism, which includes a cover plate with a V-shaped cross-section.

[0005] Preferably, the upper surface of the transmission rod is provided with a threaded hole, the inner wall of the threaded hole is threaded with a vibration sensor, the upper end of the transmission rod 2 is threaded with a connector, the lower surface of the vibrator is fixedly connected with a mounting plate, the lower surface of the mounting plate is fixedly connected with a top plate, the lower surface of the top plate is provided with a movable groove, and the connector is located in the movable groove.

[0006] The above technical solution utilizes a connector to movably install the transmission rod, facilitating its installation and disassembly. Furthermore, by installing a vibration sensor inside the transmission rod, it is possible to accurately receive vibration signals.

[0007] Preferably, an extension airbag is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top plate, a base plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the extension airbag, and a telescopic hose is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top plate, with the extension airbag located inside the telescopic hose.

[0008] The above technical solution utilizes the lower end of the stretch airbag to pull or push the base plate by inflating or deflating it, thereby facilitating the control of the contact and separation between the top plate and the base plate. Grooves can also be made on the upper surface of the base plate and the upper surface of the top plate to store the retracted stretch airbag, thus preventing the stretch airbag and telescopic hose from being squeezed and damaged when the base plate and the top plate are fully attached.

[0009] Preferably, the upper surface of the base plate is provided with a storage groove, the inner side wall of the storage groove is provided with a sliding groove, the inner wall of the sliding groove is slidably connected to a slider, a tension spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one end of the sliding groove, the movable end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the slider, and a scraper ring is rotatably connected to the surface of the slider through a rotating shaft, the inner wall of the scraper ring is slidably connected to the outer surface of the guide rod.

[0010] The above technical solution utilizes the movement of the slider within the groove to push the surface of the guide rod, thereby facilitating the deflection of the guide rod. Furthermore, by installing a tension spring at one end of the inner wall of the groove, and fixing the movable end of the tension spring to the surface of the slider, it is possible for the slider to drive the guide rod to deflect horizontally via the scraper ring.

[0011] Preferably, connecting plates are fixedly connected to both outer surfaces of the top plate. The connecting plates are T-shaped. A compression block is fixedly connected to the outer wall surface of the upper end of the connecting plate. A connecting groove is formed on the outer wall surface of the connecting plate. An air tube is slidably connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove. The lower end of the air tube communicates with the interior of the stretching airbag.

[0012] The above technical solution uses a connecting plate to limit the movement of the top plate, thereby facilitating the standardized operation of the top plate under the action of the hydraulic rod.

[0013] Preferably, hydraulic rods are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of both ends of the mounting plate, and a crossbeam is fixedly connected to the upper outer surface of the hydraulic rod. The cover plate is located directly above the crossbeam, and a horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cover plate via a connecting column. Extension plates are fixedly connected to both ends of the horizontal plate, and a limit plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the extension plate. A locking block is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the limit plate.

[0014] The above technical solution utilizes an extension plate to extend the lower end of the cover plate, thereby facilitating the sliding of the extension plate on the surface of the column and driving the cover plate to rise and fall above the crossbeam.

[0015] Preferably, each end of the crossbeam is fixedly connected to a column, and each of the two columns has an installation groove on its opposite surface. The installation groove has a T-shaped cross section, and each of the two inner sidewalls of the installation groove is fixedly connected to a telescopic rod. A rack is fixedly connected to the movable end surface of the telescopic rod, and the locking block is located between two adjacent racks. The surface of the locking block engages with the surface of the rack, and a release block is fixedly connected to the lower opposite surface of each of the two adjacent racks.

[0016] The above technical solution utilizes the fact that the surface of each tooth of the rack is a right-angled triangle. The right-angled side of the tooth restricts the upper surface of the block, thus making it easier for the block to be pressed downwards and inserted into the rack surface.

[0017] Preferably, a thrust spring is slidably sleeved on the surface of the telescopic rod, a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove, a sleeve is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixing plate, a buffer airbag is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the sleeve, and the lower end of the buffer airbag is connected to the upper end of the air tube.

[0018] The above technical solution utilizes a buffer airbag to cushion the fall of the insert rod inside the sleeve, thereby facilitating the absorption of vibrations experienced by the insert rod.

[0019] Preferably, a rod is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the upper end of the sleeve, the lower end of the rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the buffer airbag through a pad, a buffer spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rod through a pad, an air pump is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column, and the air pump's pipeline is connected to an air pipe.

[0020] The above technical solution utilizes a pump whose suction and inflation ends are both connected to an air pipe, and electric valves are installed at both ends of the air pipe to facilitate control of gas flow.

[0021] Preferably, the lower end of the column is equipped with a walking wheel, and a handle is installed on one outer surface of the column.

[0022] The above technical solution utilizes wheels and handles to assist in moving the vibrator, thus facilitating manual movement of the vibrator within the cave.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By installing a transmission mechanism at the lower end of the vibrator, the base plate in the transmission mechanism directly contacts the ground, transmitting vibration to the ground. At the same time, the vibration of the vibrator and the thrust of the hydraulic rod drive the transmission rod into the ground, thereby increasing the contact area between the vibration source and the ground and the vibration transmission effect. After the transmission rod is directly inserted into the ground, it helps to more effectively transmit the vibration energy generated by the hydraulic vibrator to the ground, especially in irregular or hard geological environments, improving the vibration propagation effect and ensuring that the active source signal can penetrate into deeper strata, which is conducive to more in-depth exploration of pile foundation depth and karst structure.

[0024] 2. The transmission rod is installed movably by setting a top plate and a bottom plate. When the transmission rod is not in use, the bottom plate retracts into the surface of the top plate. At the same time, the bottom plate drives the transmission rod to deflect horizontally through the tension spring and scraper ring, so that the transmission rod is hidden in the storage groove. While the transmission rod is hidden, the scraper ring slides on the surface of the transmission rod to scrape off the impurities and dirt on the surface of the transmission rod, thus making it easier to keep the surface of the transmission rod clean.

[0025] 3. By installing a protective mechanism at the top of the vibrator, the cover plate in the protective mechanism provides shielding and protection. The movement and fixation of the cover plate are controlled. When the cover plate is locked to the rack by the locking block at the bottom, the cover plate is relatively fixed, which facilitates the movement of the whole equipment and avoids shaking. When the vibrator is in use, the two adjacent racks are separated from each other, and the insert rod supports the locking block through the buffer airbag, which allows the cover plate to move, thus facilitating protection against falling rocks in the cave. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the exciter structure of a vibration monitoring device for high-speed railway underpass karst caves that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the column structure of a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of the top plate structure of a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the base plate structure of a high-speed railway underpass karst cave vibration monitoring device that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission rod structure of a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 7This is a cross-sectional view of a telescopic hose structure for a high-speed railway underpass karst cave vibration monitoring device that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the column structure of a vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of a rack structure for a high-speed railway underpass karst cave vibration monitoring device that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention. Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve structure of a high-speed railway underpass karst cave vibration monitoring device that combines active and passive source surface waves, as proposed in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Vibrator; 2. Conductor rod; 21. Vibration sensor; 22. Connector; 23. Top plate; 24. Extension airbag; 25. Base plate; 26. Telescopic hose; 27. Storage slot; 28. Slider; 29. ​​Tension spring; 210. Scraper ring; 211. Connecting plate; 212. Extrusion block; 213. Air pipe; 3. Cover plate; 31. Hydraulic rod; 32. Crossbeam; 33. Cross plate; 34. Extension plate; 35. Limiting plate; 36. Locking block; 37. Column; 38. Telescopic rod; 39. Rack; 310. Release block; 311. Thrust spring; 312. Sleeve; 313. Buffer airbag; 314. Insert rod; 315. Buffer spring; 316. Air pump; 4. Traveling wheel; 5. Handle. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0029] Reference Figures 1-10 A vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways, combining active and passive source surface waves, includes an exciter 1, a transmission mechanism installed at the lower end of the exciter 1, the transmission mechanism including a transmission rod 2, the lower end of the transmission rod 2 being conical; and a protective mechanism installed at the upper end of the exciter 1, the protective mechanism including a cover plate 3, the cover plate 3 having a V-shaped cross section.

[0030] like Figures 1-3As shown, to support the insertion of the transmission rod 2, a threaded hole is provided on the upper surface of the transmission rod 2. A vibration sensor 21 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole. A connector 22 is threadedly connected to the upper inner wall of the transmission rod 2. A mounting plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the vibrator 1, and a top plate 23 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting plate. A movable groove is provided on the lower surface of the top plate 23, and the connector 22 is located in the movable groove. The transmission rod 2 is movably installed using the connector 22, which facilitates the installation and disassembly of the transmission rod 2. By installing the vibration sensor 21 inside the transmission rod 2, it is easy to accurately receive vibrations. The lower surface of the top plate 23 is fixedly connected to the top plate 23. An extension airbag 24 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 25, and a telescopic hose 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the top plate 23. The extension airbag 24 is located inside the telescopic hose 26. By inflating or deflating the lower end of the extension airbag 24, the bottom plate 25 can be pulled or pushed, thereby facilitating the control of the contact and separation between the top plate 23 and the bottom plate 25. Grooves can also be made on the upper surface of the bottom plate 25 and the upper surface of the top plate 23 to accommodate the retracted extension airbag 24, thereby preventing the extension airbag 24 and the telescopic hose 26 from being squeezed and damaged when the bottom plate 25 and the top plate 23 are completely attached.

[0031] By installing a transmission mechanism at the lower end of the vibrator 1, the base plate 25 in the transmission mechanism directly contacts the ground, transmitting vibration to the ground. At the same time, the vibration of the vibrator 1 and the thrust of the hydraulic rod 31 drive the transmission rod 2 into the ground, thereby increasing the contact area and vibration transmission effect between the vibration source and the ground. After the transmission rod 2 is directly inserted into the ground, it helps to more effectively transmit the vibration energy generated by the hydraulic vibrator to the ground, especially in irregular or hard geological environments, improving the vibration propagation effect and ensuring that the active source signal can penetrate to deeper strata, which is conducive to more in-depth exploration of pile foundation depth and karst structure.

[0032] like Figures 4-7As shown, in order to store the transmission rod 2 when not in use, a storage groove 27 is provided on the upper surface of the base plate 25. A sliding groove is provided on the inner side wall of the storage groove 27. A slider 28 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove. A tension spring 29 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one end of the sliding groove. The movable end of the tension spring 29 is fixedly connected to the surface of the slider 28. A scraper ring 210 is rotatably connected to the surface of the slider 28 via a rotating shaft. The inner wall of the scraper ring 210 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the transmission rod 2. The movement of the slider 28 in the sliding groove pushes the surface of the transmission rod 2, thereby facilitating the deflection of the transmission rod 2. The tension spring 29 is installed at one end of the inner wall of the sliding groove. The surface of the slider 28 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the tension spring 29, so that the slider 28 can drive the transmission rod 2 to deflect horizontally through the scraper ring 210. The outer surfaces of both ends of the top plate 23 are fixedly connected to the connecting plate 211, which is T-shaped. The upper outer wall surface of the connecting plate 211 is fixedly connected to the extrusion block 212. The outer wall surface of the connecting plate 211 is provided with a connecting groove. The inner wall of the connecting groove is slidably connected to the air pipe 213. The lower end of the air pipe 213 is connected to the interior of the extension airbag 24. The movement of the top plate 23 is limited by the connecting plate 211, so that the top plate 23 can operate in a standardized manner under the action of the hydraulic rod 31.

[0033] The transmission rod 2 is movably installed by setting the top plate 23 and the bottom plate 25. When the transmission rod 2 is not in use, the bottom plate 25 retracts into the surface of the top plate 23. At the same time, the bottom plate 25 drives the transmission rod 2 to deflect horizontally through the tension spring 29 and the scraper ring 210, so that the transmission rod 2 is hidden in the storage groove 27. While the transmission rod 2 is hidden, the scraper ring 210 slides on the surface of the transmission rod 2, so that the impurities and dirt on the surface of the transmission rod 2 are scraped off, thus making it easier to keep the surface of the transmission rod 2 clean.

[0034] like Figures 8-9As shown, for the installation of the cover plate 3, hydraulic rods 31 are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of both ends of the mounting plate. A crossbeam 32 is fixedly connected to the upper outer surface of the hydraulic rods 31. The cover plate 3 is located directly above the crossbeam 32. A cross plate 33 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cover plate 3 via a connecting column. Extension plates 34 are fixedly connected to both ends of the cross plate 33. A limit plate 35 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the extension plate 34. A locking block 36 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the limit plate 35. The lower end of the cover plate 3 is extended by the extension plate 34, which facilitates sliding on the surface of the column 37, thereby driving the cover plate 3 to rise and fall above the crossbeam 32. The two ends of the crossbeam 32... Each column 37 is fixedly connected to a mounting post 37. The opposite surfaces of the two columns 37 are provided with mounting grooves. The cross-section of the mounting groove is T-shaped. The two inner sidewalls of the mounting groove are fixedly connected to telescopic rods 38. The movable end surface of the telescopic rod 38 is fixedly connected to a rack 39. The locking block 36 is located between two adjacent racks 39. The surface of the locking block 36 engages with the surface of the rack 39. The lower opposite surfaces of the two adjacent racks 39 are fixedly connected to release blocks 310. The surface of the rack 39 has a single locking tooth that is a right-angled triangle. The right-angled side of the locking tooth restricts the upper surface of the locking block 36, so that the locking block 36 can only be pressed downwards into the surface of the rack 39.

[0035] like Figure 10 As shown, to cushion the cover plate 3, a thrust spring 311 is slidably sleeved on the surface of the telescopic rod 38. A fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove, and a sleeve 312 is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixing plate. A buffer airbag 313 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the sleeve 312. The lower end of the buffer airbag 313 is connected to the upper end of the air pipe 213. The buffer airbag 313 is used to cushion the fall of the insertion rod 314 inside the sleeve 312, thereby facilitating the absorption of vibrations received by the insertion rod 314. A rod 314 is slidably inserted into the upper inner wall of the column 12. The lower end of the rod 314 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the airbag 313 through a pad. A buffer spring 315 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rod 314 through a pad. An air pump 316 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column 37. The pipeline of the air pump 316 is connected to the air pipe 213. The air pump 316 is connected to the air pipe 213 for both the suction and inflation ends. Electric valves are installed at both ends of the air pipe 213 to facilitate the control of gas flow.

[0036] By installing a protective mechanism on the upper end of the vibrator 1, the cover plate 3 in the protective mechanism provides shielding and protection. The movement and fixation of the cover plate 3 are controlled. When the lower end of the cover plate 3 is clamped to the rack 39 by the locking block 36, the cover plate 3 is relatively fixed, which facilitates the overall movement of the equipment and avoids shaking. When the vibrator 1 is in use, the two adjacent racks 39 are separated from each other, and the insert rod 314 provides movable support to the locking block 36 through the buffer airbag 313, thereby allowing the cover plate 3 to move, which facilitates protection against falling rocks and other debris in the cave.

[0037] The lower end of the column 37 is equipped with a traveling wheel 4, and a handle 5 is installed on one outer surface of the column 37. The traveling wheel 4 and the handle 5 are used to assist in moving the vibrator 1, so as to facilitate the manual movement of the vibrator 1 in the cave.

[0038] Working principle: When in use, manually pull the vibrator 1 through handle 5 to move the device in the cave. After selecting the vibration position, start the air pump 316 and close the air pipe 213 between the extension airbag 24 and the buffer airbag 313 through the valve. The air pump 316 inflates the extension airbag 24 through the air pipe 213. After the extension airbag 24 is inflated, it drives the telescopic hose 26 to extend. The bottom plate 25 leaves the surface of the top plate 23 and moves closer to the ground. The bottom plate 25 pulls the transmission rod 2 through the scraper ring 210. The transmission rod 2 deflects to a vertical position. The scraper ring 210 pulls the tension spring 29 through the slider 28. The tension spring 29 is stretched.

[0039] Start the vibrator 1 and hydraulic rod 31, and appropriately reduce the power of the vibrator 1 according to the soil conditions. The hydraulic rod 31 pushes the vibrator 1, top plate 23, bottom plate 25 and transmission rod 2 closer to the ground. The lower end of the transmission rod 2 is inserted into the ground. The air pump 316 slowly draws air from the extension airbag 24. The movement of the bottom plate 25 is hindered by the ground. The top plate 23 pushes the upper end of the transmission rod 2, and the transmission rod 2 is inserted further into the ground. The extension airbag 24 and the telescopic hose 26 are compressed.

[0040] After the hydraulic rod 31 extends, the top plate 23 and the bottom plate 25 fit together, and the transmission rod 2 inserts into the ground. At the same time, the hydraulic rod 31 reverses and lifts the crossbeam 32. The crossbeam 32 lifts the column 37 and the traveling wheel 4 off the ground. The connecting plates 211 on both sides of the top plate 23 drive the pressing block 212 to move to the lower end of the rack 39. The release block 310 at the lower end of the rack 39 is pushed by the pressing block 212. The release block 310 pushes the rack 39 to separate from each other. The telescopic rod 38 and the thrust spring 311 are compressed and contracted. The rack 39 separates from the locking block 36, and the air... Pump 316 inflates only the buffer airbag 313 through air pipe 213. The buffer airbag 313 and buffer spring 315 push the locking block 36 upward through the insert rod 314. The locking block 36 pushes the horizontal plate 33 upward through the extension plate 34, and then pushes the cover plate 3 upward. When the surface of the cover plate 3 is impacted, the impact is transmitted downward through the horizontal plate 33 and absorbed by the deformation of the buffer airbag 313 and buffer spring 315. Thus, the vibrator 1 can safely transmit vibration to the ground through the transmission rod 2 and the base plate 25.

[0041] After use, the vibrator 1 is turned off, the hydraulic rod 31 retracts and resets, the air pump 316 draws air from the buffer airbag 313, the cover plate 3 falls under the action of gravity, the locking block 36 falls together and squeezes the buffer spring 315 through the insert rod 314, the lower end of the walking wheel 4 contacts the ground, the connecting plates 211 on both sides of the top plate 23 drive the squeezing block 212 to rise on the surface of the rack 39 and leave the surface of the release block 310, the telescopic rod 38 and the thrust spring 311 push the rack 39 to engage with the locking block 36.

[0042] As the hydraulic rod 31 continues to retract, the air pump 316 inflates the extension airbag 24 through the air pipe 213, causing the top plate 23 to lift the transmission rod 2 while keeping the bottom plate 25 grounded. At the same time, the scraper ring 210 scrapes off the impurities on the surface of the pulled-out transmission rod 2. After the hydraulic rod 31 is fully retracted and reset, the air pump 316 draws air from the extension airbag 24 through the air pipe 213. The bottom plate 25 lifts off the ground and adheres to the surface of the top plate 23. The transmission rod 2 deflects under the action of the tension spring 29 pulling the slider 28 and the scraper ring 210, and hides in the storage groove 27, thus facilitating the movement of the vibrator 1.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, comprising an exciter (1), characterized in that: The lower end of the vibrator (1) is equipped with a transmission mechanism, which includes a transmission rod (2) and the lower end of the transmission rod (2) is conical. The vibrator (1) is equipped with a protective mechanism at its upper end. The protective mechanism includes a cover plate (3) with a V-shaped cross section.

2. The vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the transmission rod (2) is provided with a threaded hole, and a vibration sensor (21) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the threaded hole. A connector (22) is threadedly connected to the upper inner wall of the transmission rod (2). A mounting plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the vibrator (1). A top plate (23) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting plate. A movable groove is provided on the lower surface of the top plate (23), and the connector (22) is located in the movable groove.

3. The vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower surface of the top plate (23) is fixedly connected to an extension airbag (24), the lower surface of the extension airbag (24) is fixedly connected to a base plate (25), the lower surface of the top plate (23) is fixedly connected to a telescopic hose (26), and the extension airbag (24) is located inside the telescopic hose (26).

4. The vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper surface of the base plate (25) is provided with a storage groove (27), the inner side wall of the storage groove (27) is provided with a sliding groove, the inner wall of the sliding groove is slidably connected to a slider (28), one end of the inner wall of the sliding groove is fixedly connected to a tension spring (29), the movable end of the tension spring (29) is fixedly connected to the surface of the slider (28), the surface of the slider (28) is rotatably connected to a scraper ring (210) through a rotating shaft, and the inner wall of the scraper ring (210) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the guide rod (2).

5. The vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both ends of the top plate (23) are fixedly connected to connecting plates (211). The connecting plates (211) are T-shaped. The upper outer wall surface of the connecting plate (211) is fixedly connected to a squeezing block (212). A connecting groove is opened on the outer wall surface of the connecting plate (211). An air tube (213) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove. The lower end of the air tube (213) is connected to the interior of the stretching airbag (24).

6. The vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves according to claim 5, characterized in that: Hydraulic rods (31) are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of both ends of the mounting plate. A crossbeam (32) is fixedly connected to the upper outer surface of the hydraulic rod (31). The cover plate (3) is located directly above the crossbeam (32). A cross plate (33) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cover plate (3) via a connecting column. An extension plate (34) is fixedly connected to both ends of the cross plate (33). A limit plate (35) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the extension plate (34). A locking block (36) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the limit plate (35).

7. A vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that: Both ends of the crossbeam (32) are fixedly connected to columns (37). The opposing surfaces of the two columns (37) are provided with mounting grooves. The cross-section of the mounting groove is T-shaped. The two inner sidewalls of the mounting groove are fixedly connected to telescopic rods (38). The movable end surface of the telescopic rods (38) is fixedly connected to racks (39). The locking block (36) is located between two adjacent racks (39). The surface of the locking block (36) engages with the surface of the rack (39). The lower opposite surfaces of the two adjacent racks (39) are fixedly connected to release blocks (310).

8. The vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves according to claim 7, characterized in that: A thrust spring (311) is slidably sleeved on the surface of the telescopic rod (38). A fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove. A sleeve (312) is fixedly connected to the surface of the fixing plate. A buffer airbag (313) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the sleeve (312). The lower end of the buffer airbag (313) is connected to the upper end of the air tube (213).

9. A vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that: A rod (314) is slidably inserted into the inner wall of the upper end of the sleeve (312). The lower end of the rod (314) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the buffer airbag (313) through a pad. A buffer spring (315) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rod (314) through a pad. An air pump (316) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column (37). The pipeline of the air pump (316) is connected to the air pipe (213).

10. A vibration monitoring device for karst caves under high-speed railways that combines active and passive source surface waves, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that: The lower end of the column (37) is equipped with a walking wheel (4), and a handle (5) is installed on one side of the outer surface of the column (37).

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