Display panel and display device

Abstract

The invention provides a display panel and a display device.The display panel comprises a substrate, a pixel array located on one side of the substrate and an optical element layer arranged on the light emitting side of the pixel array, and the pixel array comprises a plurality of pixel units; the optical element layer comprises a plurality of optical units which are periodically arranged along a first direction; the orthographic projection of each optical unit on the pixel array covers at least one pixel unit. In the first direction, each optical unit has a first optical period P; the width of the effective light-emitting area of the pixel unit is L, and L is smaller than P. By limiting the pixel units in the coverage area of the optical units, the number of the pixel units between the adjacent optical units is reduced, and the arrangement density of pixels can be remarkably reduced while stereoscopic vision imaging is ensured, so that the driving cost and the system power consumption are reduced, and the effective light utilization rate of the system is improved; therefore, the display performance and the system economy are both considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display manufacturing technology, and more particularly to a display panel and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] In naked-eye 3D display technology based on optical elements such as columnar prisms and microlens arrays, the light emitted by different pixels is split into different directions by optical elements, so that the user's left and right eyes can see images with parallax, thereby producing stereoscopic vision.

[0003] In traditional designs, to ensure complete 3D field of view coverage, the pixel array arrangement often needs to be closely matched or cover the entire periodic area of ​​the optical element. This results in some pixels emitting light that actually falls within the non-focusing area of ​​the optical element (such as the edge of a prism), failing to be effectively utilized and causing problems such as wasted light energy, uneven local brightness (black borders), and color deviation. At the same time, the high pixel density design adopted to achieve high-resolution 3D displays also significantly increases the cost and power consumption of the driver integrated circuit (IC).

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new display structure that can significantly reduce pixel density, reduce driving costs and system power consumption, improve system light utilization, and avoid display defects while ensuring stereoscopic vision imaging. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the present invention provides a display panel and a display device to solve the problems of low light energy utilization caused by poor matching between pixels and optical elements and cost and power consumption caused by excessively high pixel density in existing 3D display technologies.

[0006] According to the first embodiment of this application, a display panel is provided, including:

[0007] Substrate;

[0008] A pixel array, located on one side of the substrate, includes multiple pixel units;

[0009] An optical element layer, disposed on the light-emitting side of the pixel array, includes a plurality of optical units periodically arranged along a first direction; the orthographic projection of each optical unit on the pixel array covers at least one pixel unit;

[0010] Along the first direction, each optical unit has a first optical period P; the width of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit is L, and satisfies: L < P.

[0011] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide a display device, including the display panel provided in the first aspect.

[0012] The present invention provides a display panel comprising a substrate, a pixel array located on one side of the substrate, and an optical element layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the pixel array. The pixel array includes multiple pixel units; the optical element layer includes multiple optical units periodically arranged along a first direction; the orthographic projection of each optical unit onto the pixel array covers at least one pixel unit. Along the first direction, each optical unit has a first optical period P; the width of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit is L, and satisfies: L < P. By setting the width L of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit to be less than the first optical period P of each optical unit, the pixel unit is confined within the coverage area of ​​the optical unit, reducing the number of pixel units between adjacent optical units. While ensuring stereoscopic imaging, the pixel density can be significantly reduced, thereby reducing driving costs and system power consumption, improving the system's effective light utilization rate, thus balancing display performance and system economy, and promoting the practical application and popularization of naked-eye 3D technology. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided by the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the display panel along the AA' direction;

[0015] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pixel unit and an optical unit of a display panel provided by the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the display panel along the BB' direction;

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided by the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 110. Substrate; 120. Pixel array; 130. Optical element layer; 140. Auxiliary functional element; 160. Light-shielding layer; 170. Liquid crystal layer;

[0024] 121, Pixel unit; 131, Optical unit; P, First optical cycle; 141, Auxiliary pixel unit; 151, Main pixel circuit; 152, Auxiliary pixel circuit; 161, Light-transmitting opening;

[0025] 1211, First pixel sub-unit; 1211a, Sub-pixel row; 1212, Second pixel sub-unit;

[0026] 11. First sub-pixel; 12. Second sub-pixel; 13. Supplementary pixel; 14. Fourth sub-pixel; 15. Auxiliary pixel; 16. Sub-pixel. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the present application are shown in the drawings, not the entire structure. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from its spirit or scope, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present application is intended to cover modifications and variations of the present application that fall within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the corresponding claims and their equivalents. It should be noted that the implementation methods provided in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without contradiction.

[0028] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a display panel, which includes a substrate, a pixel array located on one side of the substrate, and an optical element layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the pixel array. The pixel array includes a plurality of pixel units; the optical element layer includes a plurality of optical units periodically arranged along a first direction; the orthographic projection of each optical unit onto the pixel array covers at least one pixel unit. Along the first direction, each optical unit has a first optical period P; the width of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit is L, and satisfies: X < P.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention optimizes the effective light-emitting area L of the pixel unit to be smaller than the first optical period P of each optical unit, thereby limiting the pixel unit to the coverage area of ​​the optical unit and reducing the number of pixel units between adjacent optical units. While ensuring stereoscopic vision imaging, it can significantly reduce the pixel density, thereby reducing driving costs and system power consumption, improving the effective light utilization rate of the system, thus balancing display performance and system economy, and promoting the practical application and popularization of naked-eye 3D technology.

[0030] The above is the core idea of ​​this invention. The technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided by the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the display panel along the AA' direction, for reference. Figures 1-2 This application provides a display panel 100, which includes a substrate 110, a pixel array 120 located on one side of the substrate 110, and an optical element layer 130 disposed on the light-emitting side of the pixel array 120. In this application embodiment, the display panel 200 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), or a micro-LED display, etc. This application embodiment does not limit the type of display panel. The substrate 110 can be a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate.

[0032] The pixel array 120 includes a plurality of pixel units 121. The pixel unit 121 may be a pixel unit in a liquid crystal display panel (LCD) or a pixel unit in a self-emissive organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0033] Optical element layer 130 includes multiple components along a first direction ( Figure 1 Optical units 131 are periodically arranged in the X-direction; the orthographic projection of each optical unit 131 onto the pixel array 120 covers at least one pixel unit 121. Along the first direction ( Figure 1 In the X direction), each optical unit 131 has a first optical period P. The width of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 121 is L, and satisfies:

[0034] L < P. Wherein, the first optical period P can also be called optical unit 131 along... Figure 1 The pitch in the X-direction. The first direction can also be understood as the direction in which the user's eyes meet when viewing the screen, i.e., the horizontal direction.

[0035] It should be noted that, Figure 1Only the first complete optical unit 131 on the left is shown in the diagram. The orthographic projection of the optical unit 131 onto the substrate 110 covers a pixel unit 121. The other optical units 131 are only for illustration and will not be shown or described in detail here.

[0036] Specifically, the optical unit 131 includes, but is not limited to, at least one of a liquid crystal prism, a gradient refractive index (GRIN) prism, or a collimating element. This application places the optical unit 131 in the outgoing light path of the pixel unit 121 to deflect and split the outgoing light from the pixel unit 121 into different directions, forming a parallax image upon reaching the user's left and right eyes, thereby producing a stereoscopic visual effect. Simultaneously, this application designs the width L of the effective light-emitting pixels within the first optical unit period P of each optical unit 131 to be smaller than the period itself. Within a defined display range, the effective pixels within the pixel unit 121 used for imaging are forcibly concentrated into the effective focusing area of ​​the optical element (such as a prism), and pixels outside this range are discarded. While ensuring the 3D display effect, the number of pixels in the gap area between adjacent optical units 131 is reduced, achieving a physical reduction in pixel density. This significantly reduces the pixel coverage area, thereby reducing panel manufacturing costs, pixel driving complexity, and power consumption.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pixel unit and optical unit of a display panel provided by the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 3 Along the first direction ( Figure 2 (in the X direction), the width L of the effective light-emitting area of ​​pixel unit 121 satisfies the following relationship:

[0038] (1.1)

[0039] (1.2)

[0040] (1.3)

[0041] Where F is the focal length of the optical unit 131; S is the focal length of the display panel 100 in the first direction ( Figure 2 The width of the preset viewing area in the X direction (center), and D is the viewing distance from the display panel 100 to the preset viewing plane; The refractive index of optical element layer 130, The refractive index of air, and .

[0042] Specifically, refer to Figure 2The optical unit 131 can be of various types, such as a liquid crystal prism or a graded refractive index (GRIN) prism, and the refractive index of the prism medium is... ,and , =1. For example, the 3D display range of the display panel 100 is S, the preset viewing distance from the viewing plane to the prism is D, the prism is in the vertical direction, the pitch is P, and the focal length is F. The width of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 121 in the X direction is L. By determining parameters D and S, this application can calculate the incident angle of the light ray S0 emitted from the pixel unit 121 from the optical unit 131 (prism) to the air according to the above formula (1.3). ,Right now .

[0043] According to Snell's law (the law of refraction) (1.4); The exit angle of the light ray S0 emitted from pixel unit 121 after refraction by optical unit 131 (prism) can be calculated. ,Right now .because , > .

[0044] Furthermore, by determining the focal length F and combining it with formula (1.1), the width L of the effective light-emitting area of ​​pixel unit 121 in the X direction is calculated, that is... Therefore, by adjusting the values ​​of the parameters S, D, and F, this embodiment of the application can control the width L of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 121 in the X direction to be less than the first optical period P of its corresponding optical unit 131, thereby reducing the pixel density of the 3D display panel. Furthermore, by adjusting the values ​​of the parameters S, D, and F, the optimal value of L can be determined, ensuring that the light emitted from the pixel unit 121, after refraction by the optical unit 131, precisely covers a preset viewing area with a width of S along the X direction, thus meeting the user's viewing needs.

[0045] In this context, combining formulas (1.1) to (1.4), the width L of the effective light-emitting area of ​​pixel unit 121 in the X direction can also be expressed as L = F * tan(arcsin((n air *sin(arctan(S / D))) / n lens )).

[0046] In summary, in the present application, an accurate mathematical model is established between the optical parameters of the optical unit and the viewing parameters of the display panel, and the width L of the effective light-emitting area of the pixel unit is limited to be L < P. This digital model not only proves the feasibility and designability of the technical solution, provides a theoretical basis for the design and production of the pixels and optical elements of the display panel, but also can optimize the width L of the effective light-emitting area of the pixel unit through scientific calculations, which helps to improve the display effect and the light utilization rate.

[0047] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 1 , the pixel unit 121 includes n first pixel sub-units 1211 arranged along the second direction ( Figure 1 the Y direction in Figure 1 ). Among them, n ≥ 1; n is a positive integer. The first pixel sub-unit 1211 includes at least three sub-pixel rows 1211a arranged along the second direction ( Figure 1 the Y direction in

[0048] ). The emission color of the first sub-pixels 11 in each sub-pixel row 1211a is the same. The emission colors of at least three sub-pixel rows 1211a are all different. As

[0049] shown, a pixel arrangement mode of the display panel provided by the embodiment of the present application is that a single first pixel sub-unit 1211 includes 3 sub-pixel rows 1211a with different emission colors, and the emission color of each sub-pixel row 1211a is the same. For example, the 3 sub-pixel rows 1211a with different emission colors are respectively a red sub-pixel row R, a green sub-pixel row G, and a blue sub-pixel row B. Figure 1 Figure 1 Figure 1

[0050] Figure 1

[0051] With the above parameter limitation (0.7Py ≤ P ≤ 1.4Py) in the present application, the specific architectures of the horizontal pixel rows and the vertical optical unit can be protected. This structural design is regular and is easy to prepare pixel driving circuits in the vertical direction. For example, data signal lines (Data lines) are arranged to extend along Figure 1 the Y direction in

[0051] to control the sub-pixels. At the same time, through the matching of P and Py, for example, P ≈ Py, it can be ensured that the vertical pixel information covered by each optical unit 131 is complete, thereby improving the vertical clarity and uniformity of the 3D image.Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 1 Each row of subpixels 1211a includes pixels along the first direction ( Figure 1 The first sub-pixels 11 are arranged in the X direction; k is a positive even number. For example, k = 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, etc. Along Figure 1 In the X direction, the width L of the effective light-emitting area of ​​pixel unit 121 satisfies the following relationship: (1.6)

[0052] Wherein, Px is each of the first sub-pixels 11 in the first direction ( Figure 1 Width in the X direction (center x direction). This application further defines... (k is a positive even number) can clearly define the width of the effective pixels in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, by controlling the number of horizontal sub-pixels k, the degree of freedom of the width L of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 121 in the horizontal direction can be finely adjusted, so that the panel design can flexibly adapt to different resolution and brightness requirements.

[0053] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 1 Sub-pixel 12 along the second direction ( Figure 1 Extending in the Y direction, and the width of the first sub-pixel 11 in the first direction (X direction in the figure) is smaller than its width in the second direction (…). Figure 1 The length in the Y direction. In naked-eye 3D display, the human eye ultimately sees pixel units 121 in units of the first optical period P. The smaller the first optical period P, the more first sub-pixels 11 are covered under it, and the clearer it is. Accordingly, this application can adjust the number of first sub-pixels 11 by adjusting the width of the first sub-pixels 11 in the X direction. Specifically, a single first sub-pixel 11 can be set in a strip shape, with its vertical length greater than its horizontal length, to achieve control over the number of first sub-pixels 11 in the horizontal direction, so that when the user views the screen horizontally, it has high display resolution and brightness.

[0054] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 1 First direction ( Figure 1 (Central X direction) and the second direction ( Figure 1 (in the Y direction) perpendicular. The orthographic projection of a single first sub-pixel 11 onto the substrate 110 is rectangular. This surface design facilitates the arrangement of multiple first sub-pixels 11 in an array, thereby increasing the number of first sub-pixels 11 within the effective light-emitting area corresponding to the optical unit 131, and thus improving display resolution and brightness.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, refer to... Figure 4This application embodiment also provides a display panel 100, wherein the pixel unit 121 of the display panel includes pixels along a second direction ( Figure 4 In the Y-direction, m second-pixel sub-units are arranged. Where m ≥ 2; m is a positive integer. In the second direction (… Figure 4 In the Y direction, at least two adjacent second pixel sub-units 1212 are staggered. Along the first direction ( Figure 4 In the X direction), each optical unit 131 has a first optical period P; the width of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 121 is L, and satisfies: L < P.

[0056] Among them, the first direction ( Figure 4 (Central X direction) and the second direction ( Figure 4 The plane intersects with the plane in the Y direction and is parallel to the plane containing the substrate 110.

[0057] In this embodiment, the sub-pixels within the pixel unit 121 can also be arranged in an interleaved manner. When the viewing angle (eye position) moves slightly, the pixels of the adjacent row of the second pixel sub-unit 1212 can seamlessly fill in the gaps, avoiding black bars or brightness breaks caused by pixel gaps and the movement of the viewing angle, thereby significantly improving the visual continuity and comfort of naked-eye 3D viewing.

[0058] Optionally, continue to refer to Figure 4 The second pixel subunit 1212 includes n pixels along the first direction ( Figure 4 The second sub-pixel 12 is arranged in the X direction; n≥2; n is a positive integer. There are m second pixel sub-units 1212, including the (i-1)th row pixel sub-unit and the ith row pixel sub-unit. Where 2≤i≤m, i is a positive integer. For example... Figure 4 In the first direction, n=10, m=8. Figure 4 (in the X direction), the pixel sub-unit of the (i-1)th row includes the j-th second sub-pixel of the (i-1)th row. （i-1） The i-th row pixel sub-unit includes the j-th second sub-pixel 12(i) of the i-th row. 1≤j≤n. Along the second direction ( Figure 4 In the Y direction), the j-th second sub-pixel 12(i-1) in the (i-1)-th row partially overlaps with the j-th second sub-pixel 12(i) in the i-th row.

[0059] For example, along Figure 4In the Y-direction, the first second sub-pixel 12(i-1) of the first row partially overlaps with the first second sub-pixel 12(i) of the second row, and so on. This can also be understood as partial overlap of sub-pixels within the same column. This interlaced setting promotes mutual light complementarity between adjacent sub-pixels in the column direction, thereby avoiding black bars or brightness breaks caused by pixel gaps and / or changes in viewing angle, significantly improving the visual continuity and comfort of 3D viewing. Figure 4 The staggered structure design shown can further clarify the staggered arrangement of subpixels in this application and improve the feasibility of the display panel.

[0060] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 4 The second sub-pixel 12 in the second pixel sub-unit 1212 has a quadrilateral shape projected onto the substrate 110; the quadrilateral includes adjacent first side a and second side b; the first side a and the first direction ( Figure 4 The middle X direction) is parallel, and the second side b is parallel to the second direction ( Figure 4 The angle between (in the Y direction) and (in the middle) is And satisfy: .

[0061] Specifically, the second sub-pixel 12 in the second pixel sub-unit 1212 is quadrilateral, and its first side a is parallel to... Figure 4 The X direction is tilted at an angle Arrangement. For example, =20°. That is to say, pixel unit 121 (prism) and sub-pixels can be arranged parallel or perpendicularly, or at a specific angle. By limiting the sub-pixels to tilted quadrilaterals, this application can, on the one hand, match the tilted side with the direction of light propagation, thereby improving light extraction efficiency; on the other hand, combined with the staggered arrangement of sub-pixels, it can further optimize the light complementarity of adjacent sub-pixels, and with the deflection effect of optical unit 131, it can optimize the 3D visual imaging effect.

[0062] in, Figure 4 In the same row of second pixel sub-units 1212, adjacent second sub-pixels 12 emit different colors, such as by alternating RGB. Along the first side direction (i.e., the diagonal direction) of the second sub-pixels 12, adjacent second sub-pixels 12 emit the same color, such as both being red sub-pixels along the same diagonal direction, or both being blue sub-pixels, or both being green sub-pixels. This arrangement can make the emitted colors in the diagonal direction consistent to match the deflection of light by the optical unit 131.

[0063] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 4 Along the first direction ( Figure 4In the X direction), the light-emitting area of ​​pixel unit 121 includes an effective light-emitting area and an edge area located on at least one side thereof; wherein, the width of the effective light-emitting area is L, and the edge area is located along the first direction ( Figure 4 In the X direction, there are g supplementary pixels with different emission colors. g ≥ 3 and is an integer. These are red, green, and blue sub-pixels with different emission colors, forming a sub-pixel group. Along the first direction (… Figure 4 In the X direction), the total horizontal coverage width of pixel unit 121 is E, and satisfies:

[0064] (1.7)

[0065] Where N is the total number of supplementary pixels 13 in the edge region; Tx is the edge region in the first direction ( Figure 4 The width of g supplementary pixels with different luminous colors in the X direction. For example, g=3, representing R, G, and B sub-pixels respectively.

[0066] Specifically, this application addresses the problem that the edge of the effective light-emitting area (L) may lack information due to optical aberrations or viewing angles. By setting a small number of supplementary pixels 13 at the edge, without significantly increasing the pixel density of the effective light-emitting area in the center, the visible light field corresponding to each pixel unit 121 can be effectively widened or uniformized by simply adding a small number of pixels at the edge. This ensures the consistency of brightness and color within the preset viewing area, thereby achieving the goal of balancing low-density pixel arrangement, low cost, and low power consumption.

[0067] In summary, this application, by optimizing the staggered arrangement of optical units, helps to improve the effective light utilization of the system, avoid display defects, further improve display uniformity, eliminate black borders and color deviations, thereby balancing display performance and system economy, and promoting the practical application and popularization of naked-eye 3D technology.

[0068] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, refer to... Figure 5 This application embodiment also provides a display panel 100, wherein the sub-pixels of the display panel are arranged in such a way that: a plurality of fourth sub-pixels 14 in the pixel unit 121 are arranged in an array, and in the same row, the light emission colors of two adjacent fourth sub-pixels 14 are different; if RGB is used in an alternating arrangement, the light emission colors of the fourth sub-pixels 14 in the same column are the same.

[0069] refer to Figure 5 Along the first direction ( Figure 5In the X direction), the light-emitting area of ​​pixel unit 121 includes an effective light-emitting area and an edge area located on at least one side thereof; wherein, the width of the effective light-emitting area is L, and the edge area is located along the first direction ( Figure 4 There are g supplementary pixels 13 arranged in the X direction (center). The total number of supplementary pixels 13 in the edge region is N, and the edge region in the first direction (center X direction) Figure 5 The width of the g supplementary pixels with different luminous colors along the first direction (X direction) is Tx. g ≥ 3 and is an integer. Figure 5 In the X direction), the total horizontal coverage width of pixel unit 121 is E, and satisfies:

[0070] (1.6)

[0071] For example, g=3, representing R, G, and B sub-pixels respectively. The total horizontal coverage width of pixel unit 121 is E, and satisfies: This application effectively widens or homogenizes the visible light field corresponding to each pixel unit 121 by adding supplementary pixels 13 around the effective light-emitting area, ensuring the consistency of brightness and color within the preset viewing area, thereby achieving the goal of balancing low-density pixel arrangement, low cost, and low power consumption.

[0072] It should be noted that, Figure 4 Neutron pixels are arranged in an interleaved pattern. Figure 5 The neutron pixels are arranged in an array (non-staggered), and supplementary pixels 13 can be set on at least one edge of the effective light-emitting area. The total lateral coverage width E of the pixel unit 121 can be calculated using formula (1.6). Among them, the edge area in the first direction ( Figure 5 The width Tx of the g luminous colors in the X direction can be reasonably adjusted according to the number of supplementary pixels (g) in different sub-pixel arrangements.

[0073] Similarly, this application Figure 1 In addition, a small number of supplementary pixels 13 can be added at the edge of the effective light-emitting area (L) of pixel unit 121 to uniformize the visible light field corresponding to each pixel unit 121, and ensure the consistency of brightness and color within the preset viewing area, thereby achieving the goal of balancing low-density pixel arrangement, low cost and low power consumption. The embodiments of this application will not be shown one by one.

[0074] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5Along a first direction (X direction in the figure), the pixel array 120 includes alternating pixel areas and non-display areas. Pixel units 121 are disposed in the pixel areas; the non-display areas correspond to the gap areas between two adjacent optical units 131 and do not contain sub-pixels for main image display. This application concentrates the sub-pixels used for image display in the pixel areas, which correspond to the central area of ​​the optical units 131. By concentrating the pixels used for imaging in the focal center area of ​​the optical units 131 (such as prisms) and utilizing the non-display areas to match the gaps in the optical structures, it achieves a significant reduction in pixel density, cost, and power consumption while ensuring imaging quality.

[0075] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention. In another embodiment of this application, reference is made to... Figure 5 and Figure 6 Auxiliary functional elements 140 are set in the non-display area. The gap area between two adjacent optical units 131 is the non-display area. This area can be used to achieve system-level functional integration of the display panel by reasonably setting at least one of pixel driving circuits, control integrated circuits, ambient light sensors, touch sensors or optical modulators, such as touch, ambient light sensing, ambient temperature, humidity, refractive index adjustment, etc., saving internal space of the display panel and increasing product added value.

[0076] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, a pixel driving circuit for controlling the supplementary pixel 13 can be set in the non-display area to drive the supplementary pixel 13 to emit light.

[0077] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 6 The auxiliary functional element 140 includes a plurality of auxiliary pixel units 141. Each auxiliary pixel unit 141 includes at least one auxiliary pixel 15. Along the first direction ( Figure 6 In the X-direction, the auxiliary pixel unit 141 is located between two adjacent pixel units 121, and the size of the auxiliary pixel 15 is larger than the size of the sub-pixel 16 in the pixel unit 121. The use of a large-sized auxiliary pixel 15 in this application can effectively compensate for the dark areas between adjacent pixel units 121 (main pixels), perform color and brightness compensation on the display screen of pixel unit 121, and improve the overall brightness uniformity.

[0078] In other embodiments, the auxiliary pixel 15 can be controlled by the auxiliary driving circuit Date-1 in the non-display area to independently display the screen, such as icons, status information, etc., and play an auxiliary display role.

[0079] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 6 Along the first direction ( Figure 6In the X direction), the effective width of the auxiliary pixel unit 141 is M, satisfying: M≤PE. Where E is the distance along the X direction. Figure 6 In the X-direction, the total horizontal coverage width of pixel unit 121. This application ensures that the auxiliary pixel 15 does not interfere with the main display optical path by limiting the size of the auxiliary pixel unit 141 to satisfy: M ≤ PE.

[0080] Based on the above embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 6 Along the first direction ( Figure 6 In the X-direction, the auxiliary pixel 15 in the auxiliary pixel unit 141 emits the same light color as the sub-pixel 16 in the adjacent pixel unit 121. By setting a large-sized RGB auxiliary pixel unit 141 in a pixel-free area of ​​the image and using the same color setting in the same row, this application can effectively compensate for insufficient lighting in the area, expand the color representation range of auxiliary information, and at the same time achieve visual enrichment and information supplementation of the overall image content.

[0081] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the display panel along the BB' direction, based on the above embodiment, with reference to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The display panel 100 also includes a driving circuit layer 150 located between the substrate 110 and the pixel array 120; the driving circuit layer 150 includes a plurality of main pixel circuits 151 and a plurality of auxiliary pixel circuits 152. The main pixel circuits 151 are connected to the sub-pixels 16; the auxiliary pixel circuits 152 are connected to the auxiliary pixels 15.

[0082] The driving circuit layer 150 includes multiple pixel circuits, which provide driving signals to the pixels. The pixel circuits can be 2T1C, 4T1C, 7T1C, 7T2C, 8T1C, 8T2C, etc., and this embodiment is not limited thereto. The pixel circuits include multiple main pixel circuits 151 and multiple auxiliary pixel circuits 152. The main pixel circuits 151 drive the sub-pixels 16 to emit light, and the auxiliary pixel circuits 152 drive the auxiliary pixel circuits 152 to emit light, thereby enabling individual control of the sub-pixels 16 and the auxiliary pixels 15.

[0083] It should be noted that the display panel 100 provided in this application embodiment also includes other film layer structures. For example, taking an LCD display panel as an example, it also includes a liquid crystal layer 170, pixel electrodes 153, and a filter layer (not shown in the figure), which work together to achieve light emission and display. These will not be shown one by one in this application embodiment. Among them, the liquid crystal layer 170 contains liquid crystal molecules. The auxiliary pixel circuit 152 and the main pixel circuit 151 are respectively connected to the pixel electrode 153 to provide driving signals, changing the electric field on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 170. This causes the liquid crystal molecules to twist under the action of the electric field force, affecting the transmittance and realizing the image display of the display panel. The display principle of the LCD display panel will not be described in detail here.

[0084] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another display panel structure provided by the present invention. Based on the above embodiments, refer to... Figures 7-8 The display panel 100 further includes a light-shielding layer 160 located between the pixel array 120 and the optical element layer 130; the light-shielding layer 160 includes a plurality of light-transmitting openings 161. The orthographic projection of the light-transmitting openings 161 onto the substrate 110 is polygonal and covers the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit 121; the light-transmitting openings 161 include adjacent first light-transmitting edges c and second light-transmitting edges d; the first light-transmitting edge c is perpendicular to a first direction ( Figure 8 Parallel in the X direction; optical unit 131 in the second direction ( Figure 8 The angle between the extension direction of the middle Y direction and the second light-transmitting edge d is And satisfy: The light-shielding layer 160 can be made of a black matrix material, such as black photoresist, metallic chromium, or carbon black composite resin, to achieve high light-shielding performance.

[0085] This application places the optical unit 131 (such as a prism) at a certain angle (5°~30°) so that the boundary of the optical unit 131 and the light-transmitting opening 161 (black matrix BM) pattern of the pixel array form a non-parallel angle, which can effectively break the periodic interference and suppress the generation of moiré fringes; at the same time, the tilt angle is conducive to optimizing the light path, further reducing stray light and edge diffraction, and improving contrast and visual clarity.

[0086] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 Multiple pixel units 121 are arranged periodically or unevenly. In this embodiment, the pixel units 121 can be arranged periodically or unevenly. The sub-pixels in the pixel unit 121 can be arranged periodically or unevenly, and therefore can be reasonably set according to the display effect.

[0087] Based on the above embodiments, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 The sub-pixels in pixel unit 121 may have the same or different sizes. For example, the sub-pixels in pixel unit 121 have the same size, which helps to simplify the fabrication process.

[0088] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 Furthermore, the size of the sub-pixels in pixel unit 121 can be differentiated to achieve different display effects.

[0089] Optionally, refer to Figures 1-8 The sub-pixels in pixel unit 121 have a polygonal, circular, or elliptical shape in their orthogonal projection onto the substrate 110. In this embodiment, only rectangular or quadrilateral shapes in the orthogonal projection of the sub-pixels onto the substrate 110 are used as examples. In other embodiments, such as... Figure 5 The shape of the sub-pixels projected onto the substrate 110 in the display panel shown can also be circular. By changing the shape of the sub-pixels projected onto the substrate 110, the light density can be adjusted, thereby reducing pixel density, cost, and power consumption to meet the requirements of 3D displays.

[0090] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a display device. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (In conjunction with...) Figure 9 As shown, the display device 200 includes any of the display panels 100 provided in the above embodiments. Therefore, the display device 200 also has the beneficial effects of the display panels 100 in the above embodiments. The similarities can be understood with reference to the explanation of the display panels 100 above, and will not be repeated below.

[0091] The display device 200 provided in this embodiment of the invention can be Figure 9 The vehicle display screen shown can also be any electronic product with display function, including but not limited to the following categories: mobile phones, televisions, laptops, desktop monitors, tablets, digital cameras, smart bracelets, smart glasses, industrial control equipment, medical displays, touch interactive terminals, etc. The embodiments of the present invention do not make any special limitations on this.

[0092] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Features of various embodiments of the present invention can be partially or wholly coupled or combined with each other, and can cooperate and be technically driven in various ways. Various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that, include: Substrate; A pixel array, located on one side of the substrate, includes multiple pixel units; An optical element layer, disposed on the light-emitting side of the pixel array, includes a plurality of optical units periodically arranged along a first direction; the orthographic projection of each optical unit on the pixel array covers at least one pixel unit; Along the first direction, each of the optical units has a first optical period P; The width of the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit is L, and satisfies: L < P.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the width L of the effective light-emitting region of the pixel unit satisfies the following relationship: ； ； ； Wherein, F is the focal length of the optical unit; S is the width of the preset viewing area of ​​the display panel in the first direction; and D is the viewing distance from the display panel to the preset viewing plane. The refractive index of the optical element layer is given. The refractive index of air, and .

3. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pixel unit includes n first pixel sub-units arranged along the second direction; n ≥ 1; n is a positive integer; The first pixel subunit includes at least three sub-pixel rows arranged along the second direction; the sub-pixels in each sub-pixel row have the same emission color; and the emission colors of the at least three sub-pixel rows are all different. The first optical period P satisfies the following relationship: ； Wherein, Py is the pixel column period of the pixel unit in the second direction; the first direction intersects the second direction and is parallel to the plane where the substrate is located.

4. The display panel according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each row of subpixels includes k first subpixels arranged along the first direction; k is a positive even number; The width L of the effective light-emitting region of the pixel unit satisfies the following relationship: ； Wherein, Px is the width of each first sub-pixel in the first direction.

5. The display panel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first sub-pixel extends along the second direction, and the width of the first sub-pixel in the first direction is smaller than its length in the second direction.

6. The display panel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

7. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pixel unit comprises m second pixel sub-units arranged along the second direction; m ≥ 2; m is a positive integer; In the second direction, at least two adjacent second pixel sub-units are staggered; The first direction intersects the second direction and is parallel to the plane containing the substrate.

8. The display panel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second pixel subunit includes n second sub-pixels arranged along the first direction; n ≥ 2; n is a positive integer; The m second pixel sub-units include the (i-1)th row pixel sub-units and the i-th row pixel sub-units; 2≤i≤m, where i is a positive integer; Along the first direction, the (i-1)th row pixel sub-unit includes the j-th second sub-pixel of the (i-1)th row; the ith row pixel sub-unit includes the j-th second sub-pixel of the ith row; 1 ≤ j ≤ n, Along the second direction, the j-th second sub-pixel of the (i-1)-th row partially overlaps with the j-th second sub-pixel of the i-th row.

9. The display panel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second sub-pixel in the second pixel sub-unit has a quadrilateral shape when projected onto the substrate; the quadrilateral includes an adjacent first side and a second side; The first side is parallel to the first direction, and the angle between the second side and the second direction is... And satisfy: .

10. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit includes an effective light-emitting area and an edge area located on at least one side thereof; g complementary pixels with different light-emitting colors are arranged along the first direction in the edge area; g ≥ 3 and is an integer; Along the first direction, the total lateral coverage width of the pixel unit is E, and satisfies: ； Wherein, N is the total number of supplementary pixels in the edge region; Tx is the width of the edge region in the first direction for g supplementary pixels with different emission colors.

11. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the pixel array includes alternating pixel areas and non-display areas; The pixel unit is disposed in the pixel area; the non-display area corresponds to the gap area between two adjacent optical units, and no sub-pixels are disposed therefor the main image display.

12. The display panel according to claim 11, characterized in that, Auxiliary function elements are set in the non-display area.

13. The display panel according to claim 12, characterized in that, The auxiliary functional element includes multiple auxiliary pixel units; the auxiliary pixel unit includes at least one auxiliary pixel; Along the first direction, the auxiliary pixel unit is located between two adjacent pixel units, and the size of the auxiliary pixel is larger than the size of the sub-pixel in the pixel unit.

14. The display panel according to claim 12, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the effective width of the auxiliary pixel unit is M, satisfying: M≤PE; Where E is the total lateral coverage width of the pixel unit along the first direction.

15. The display panel according to claim 12, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the auxiliary pixels in the auxiliary pixel unit have the same emission color as the sub-pixels in the adjacent pixel units.

16. The display panel according to claim 12, characterized in that, The display panel also includes: A driving circuit layer is located between the substrate and the pixel array; it includes multiple main pixel circuits and multiple auxiliary pixel circuits. The main pixel circuit is connected to the sub-pixel; the auxiliary pixel circuit is connected to the auxiliary pixel.

17. The display panel according to claim 12, characterized in that, The auxiliary functional element includes at least one of a pixel driving circuit, a control integrated circuit, an ambient light sensor, a touch sensor, or an optical modulator.

18. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a light-shielding layer located between the pixel array and the optical element layer; and includes multiple light-transmitting openings. The light-transmitting opening is polygonal in its orthographic projection onto the substrate and covers the effective light-emitting area of ​​the pixel unit; the light-transmitting opening includes an adjacent first light-transmitting edge and a second light-transmitting edge. The first light-transmitting edge is parallel to the first direction; The angle between the extension direction of the optical unit in the second direction and the second light-transmitting edge is . And satisfy: .

19. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple pixel units are arranged periodically or unevenly.

20. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sub-pixels in the pixel unit may have the same or different sizes.

21. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the sub-pixel in the pixel unit when projected onto the substrate is polygonal, circular, or elliptical.

22. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display panel as described in any one of claims 1-21.

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