Gantry deformation offset monitoring system based on ETC data

Abstract

This invention discloses a gantry deformation and offset monitoring system based on ETC data, relating to the field of high-speed equipment detection technology. The system includes a monitoring center, which is communicatively connected to a database, a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a data analysis module. The database stores key equipment parameters for each gantry and constructs corresponding virtual gantry models based on these parameters. The data acquisition module acquires daily gantry data and ETC data. The data processing module processes the acquired daily gantry data and ETC data to obtain a time-series integrated sequence. The data analysis module determines whether the gantry exhibits any abnormalities. It fuses and compares ETC radio frequency signal strength, latency, visual data coverage area, and marker coordinates under a unified three-dimensional spatiotemporal reference to distinguish between different types of faults, such as communication transmission anomalies, antenna physical displacement, and camera viewing angle shift.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-speed equipment testing technology, specifically a gantry deformation and offset monitoring system based on ETC data. Background Technology

[0002] As a critical infrastructure, highway ETC gantries are subjected to wind loads, vibrations, and environmental erosion over long periods of time, making them prone to structural deformation or displacement, which threatens traffic safety and toll accuracy.

[0003] For gantry structures, antennas and visual acquisition terminals are essential hardware for acquiring ETC data. How to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the gantry based on the ETC data obtained by the antennas and visual acquisition terminals is a problem we need to solve. To this end, we now provide a gantry deformation and offset monitoring system based on ETC data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gantry deformation and offset monitoring system based on ETC data.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: a gantry deformation and offset monitoring system based on ETC data, including a monitoring center, wherein the monitoring center is communicatively connected to a database, a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a data analysis module;

[0006] The database is used to store key equipment parameters for each gantry and to construct corresponding virtual gantry models based on these key equipment parameters.

[0007] The data acquisition module is used to acquire daily data of the gantry and ETC data;

[0008] The data processing module is used to process the obtained daily gantry data and ETC data to obtain a time-series integrated sequence;

[0009] The data analysis module is used to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the gantry based on the obtained time-series composite sequence.

[0010] Furthermore, the key equipment parameters of the gantry include the gantry number, the number of antennas, the column parameters, the beam parameters, the response position corresponding to the gantry, and the visual acquisition terminal consistent with the number of antennas. The column parameters include size, quantity, and deployment position, and the beam parameters include size and height.

[0011] Furthermore, the process of constructing a corresponding virtual gantry model based on the key parameters of the equipment includes:

[0012] Construct a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and generate the corresponding virtual gantry within the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system based on the column parameters and beam parameters;

[0013] Based on the number of antennas and the number of visual acquisition terminals, virtual antenna nodes and visual acquisition nodes are generated at the corresponding positions on the virtual gantry.

[0014] Set a marker point within the response location, a virtual response location corresponding to the response location in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and a virtual reference point corresponding to the marker point;

[0015] Based on the test data of the antenna and visual acquisition terminal, standard response parameters of the virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node are obtained, and the obtained standard response parameters are correlated with the virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node.

[0016] Furthermore, the test data for the antenna and the visual acquisition terminal are as follows:

[0017] When the gantry is in normal condition, select a test vehicle to pass through the response position at different specified speeds and obtain the data obtained by the antenna and vision acquisition terminal for each test;

[0018] By obtaining the time when the test vehicle passes the response location and the time when the antenna receives the response signal, the time difference between the two can be obtained, and the response delay of the test can be obtained.

[0019] The strength of the radio frequency signal received by the antenna is obtained, and the corresponding radio frequency signal strength change curve is generated. The time corresponding to the peak point in the radio frequency signal strength change curve is used as the reference time for the test.

[0020] The response delay and reference time obtained from each test are summarized as the antenna test data, and the average signal strength at the reference time and the vehicle speed obtained from each test are used as the standard response parameters of the corresponding virtual antenna node.

[0021] The image data obtained by the vision acquisition terminal is acquired and mapped to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system to obtain the coordinate coverage area of ​​the image data.

[0022] The virtual reference points in the image data are identified, the identification results are marked in the image data, and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system are obtained.

[0023] The coordinate coverage area and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional coordinate system obtained from each test are used as the test data of the vision acquisition terminal, and the average of the coordinate coverage area, response delay and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional coordinate system obtained from each test are used as the standard response parameters of the vision acquisition node.

[0024] Furthermore, the process by which the data acquisition module acquires daily gantry data and ETC data includes:

[0025] When a vehicle passes through a response location, a corresponding first timestamp and a corresponding response signal are generated. The response signal is then uploaded to the corresponding antenna and visual acquisition terminal. When the antenna and visual acquisition terminal receive the response signal, a second timestamp is generated, and the corresponding gantry daily data and ETC data are obtained.

[0026] The daily data of the gantry includes a first timestamp, a second timestamp, and image data obtained by the visual acquisition terminal. The ETC data includes a first timestamp, a second timestamp, the strength of the radio frequency signal received by the antenna, and the speed of the vehicle when it passes through the gantry.

[0027] Furthermore, the data processing module processes the obtained daily gantry data and ETC data to obtain a time-series composite sequence, including the following steps:

[0028] The corresponding real-time response latency is obtained based on the first and second timestamps;

[0029] Generate a corresponding signal strength change curve based on the radio frequency signal strength received by the antenna, and obtain the corresponding real-time reference time;

[0030] The image data obtained by the visual acquisition terminal is mapped to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and the coordinate coverage area of ​​the image data is obtained. Each marker point in the image data is identified, and the coordinate position of the marker point in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system and the area of ​​the coordinate coverage area are obtained.

[0031] The obtained real-time response delay, signal strength at the real-time reference time, area of ​​the coordinate coverage region, coordinate coverage range, and coordinate position of each marker point are compared with the standard response parameters of the corresponding virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node to obtain the corresponding deviation values. The obtained deviation values ​​are summarized as a timing synthesis sequence, which includes delay difference, signal strength difference, area difference of coordinate coverage region, coordinate coverage range deviation, and coordinate position deviation of each marker point.

[0032] Furthermore, the process by which the data analysis module determines whether the gantry has any anomalies based on the obtained time-series composite sequence includes:

[0033] Set a latency threshold, compare the obtained latency difference with the latency threshold. If the latency difference exceeds the latency threshold, it indicates that there is an abnormality in the corresponding communication transmission. In this case, a communication abnormality warning message is generated and uploaded to the monitoring center. If the latency difference does not exceed the latency threshold, it indicates that the corresponding communication transmission is normal.

[0034] When communication transmission is normal, obtain the signal strength corresponding to the reference time of the speed closest to the speed of the vehicle passing the gantry in the standard response parameters of the virtual antenna node, and obtain the signal strength difference of the antenna signal.

[0035] Set a signal strength difference threshold, compare the signal strength difference with the signal strength difference threshold. If the signal strength difference is lower than the signal strength difference threshold, it means that the corresponding antenna is normal; otherwise, the corresponding antenna is marked as an abnormal antenna.

[0036] The area difference of the coordinate coverage area of ​​the visual acquisition terminal is compared with the preset area difference threshold range, the coordinate coverage deviation is compared with the preset coordinate deviation threshold range, and the coordinate position deviation of each marker point is compared with the coordinate deviation threshold range.

[0037] If the area difference of the coordinate coverage area of ​​the visual acquisition terminal is within the preset area difference threshold range, and the coordinate coverage deviation is within the preset coordinate deviation threshold range, and the coordinate position deviation of each marker point is within the coordinate deviation threshold range, then the visual acquisition terminal is considered normal. Otherwise, the corresponding visual acquisition terminal is marked as an abnormal visual acquisition terminal, and a corresponding abnormal label is set.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0039] 1. By constructing a virtual gantry model, the ETC radio frequency signal strength, latency, visual data coverage area, and marker coordinates are fused and compared under a unified three-dimensional spatiotemporal reference, thereby distinguishing different types of faults such as communication transmission anomalies, antenna physical displacement, and camera viewing angle shift.

[0040] 2. Under healthy gantry conditions, standard response parameters including speed factors are established by testing vehicles at different speeds. In actual monitoring, by comparing real-time data with historical benchmarks in the same speed range, the influence of vehicle speed on radio frequency signal strength is reduced, significantly improving the detection sensitivity of signal changes caused by minute deformations or offsets. This enables potential structural problems to be detected earlier and more reliably. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the gantry deformation and offset monitoring system based on ETC data includes a monitoring center, which is communicatively connected to a database, a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a data analysis module.

[0044] The database is used to store key equipment parameters for each gantry and to construct corresponding virtual gantry models based on these key equipment parameters.

[0045] The data acquisition module is used to acquire daily data of the gantry and ETC data;

[0046] The data processing module is used to process the obtained daily gantry data and ETC data to obtain a time-series integrated sequence;

[0047] The data analysis module is used to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the gantry based on the obtained time-series composite sequence.

[0048] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the specifications of the gantry vary depending on the number of lanes and the width of the road at the deployment location. The number of antennas deployed on the gantry also varies based on the number of lanes and communication requirements.

[0049] The key parameters of the gantry equipment include gantry number, number of antennas, column parameters, crossbeam parameters, response position corresponding to the gantry, and visual acquisition terminal consistent with the number of antennas. The column parameters include size, quantity, and deployment position, and the crossbeam parameters include size and height.

[0050] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the process of constructing the corresponding virtual gantry model based on the key parameters of the equipment includes:

[0051] Construct a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and generate the corresponding virtual gantry within the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system based on the column parameters and beam parameters;

[0052] Based on the number of antennas and the number of visual acquisition terminals, virtual antenna nodes and visual acquisition nodes are generated at the corresponding positions on the virtual gantry.

[0053] Set a marker point within the response location, a virtual response location corresponding to the response location in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and a virtual reference point corresponding to the marker point;

[0054] Based on the test data of the antenna and visual acquisition terminal, standard response parameters of the virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node are obtained, and the obtained standard response parameters are correlated with the virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node.

[0055] It should be further noted that the specific test data for the antenna and visual acquisition terminal are as follows:

[0056] When the gantry is in normal condition, select a test vehicle to pass through the response position at different specified speeds and obtain the data obtained by the antenna and vision acquisition terminal for each test;

[0057] Each test is labeled as the i-th test, where i = 1, 2, ..., n;

[0058] The time when the test vehicle passes the response position corresponding to the i-th test is denoted as . The time it takes for the antenna to receive the response signal is recorded as . Then, the time difference between the two is obtained, and the response delay of the i-th test is obtained, denoted as . ;

[0059] Get Starting from a certain time, the antenna receives the radio frequency (RF) signal strength and generates a corresponding RF signal strength variation curve. The time corresponding to the peak point in the RF signal strength variation curve is taken as the reference time for the i-th test, denoted as . ;

[0060] The response delay and reference time obtained from each test are summarized as the antenna test data, and the average signal strength at the reference time and the vehicle speed obtained from each test are used as the standard response parameters of the corresponding virtual antenna node.

[0061] Get The image data acquired by the vision acquisition terminal is mapped to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system to obtain the coordinate coverage area of ​​the image data.

[0062] The virtual reference points in the image data are identified, the identification results are marked in the image data, and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system are obtained.

[0063] The coordinate coverage area and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional coordinate system obtained from each test are used as the test data of the vision acquisition terminal, and the average of the coordinate coverage area, response delay and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional coordinate system obtained from each test are used as the standard response parameters of the vision acquisition node.

[0064] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the process by which the data acquisition module acquires daily gantry data and ETC data includes:

[0065] When a vehicle passes through a response location, a corresponding first timestamp and a corresponding response signal are generated. The response signal is then uploaded to the corresponding antenna and visual acquisition terminal. When the antenna and visual acquisition terminal receive the response signal, a second timestamp is generated, and the corresponding gantry daily data and ETC data are obtained.

[0066] The daily data of the gantry includes a first timestamp, a second timestamp, and image data obtained by the visual acquisition terminal. The ETC data includes a first timestamp, a second timestamp, the strength of the radio frequency signal received by the antenna, and the speed of the vehicle when it passes through the gantry.

[0067] It should be further explained that in the specific implementation process, a daily detection cycle is also set. According to the daily detection cycle, at corresponding time intervals, the response location generates a daily detection response signal and a corresponding first timestamp, and sends the daily detection response signal to the visual acquisition terminal. The visual acquisition terminal generates a second timestamp based on the reception time of the daily detection response signal and obtains the corresponding gantry daily data. In this case, there is no ETC data.

[0068] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the data processing module processes the obtained daily gantry data and ETC data to obtain the time-series integrated sequence, including the following steps:

[0069] The corresponding real-time response delay is obtained based on the first and second timestamps and denoted as Lt.

[0070] The signal strength change curve is generated based on the radio frequency signal strength received by the antenna, and the corresponding real-time reference time is obtained, denoted as Jt.

[0071] The image data acquired by the visual acquisition terminal is mapped to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and the coordinate coverage area of ​​the image data is obtained. Each marker point within the image data is identified, and its coordinate position in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system is obtained. The area of ​​the coordinate coverage region is denoted as S, and the coordinate coverage range is denoted as . The coordinates of the marked point are denoted as ,in These represent the coverage areas of the coordinate system along the x, y, and z axes in the three-dimensional coordinate system, respectively, with k representing different marker points;

[0072] The obtained real-time response delay Lt, signal strength at real-time reference time Jt, area S of coordinate coverage region, and coordinate coverage range are used to calculate the real-time response delay Lt, signal strength at real-time reference time Jt, area S of coordinate coverage region, and coordinate coverage range. and the coordinates of each marker point The deviation values ​​are compared with the standard response parameters of the corresponding virtual antenna nodes and visual acquisition nodes to obtain the corresponding deviation values. The obtained deviation values ​​are summarized as a timing synthesis sequence, which includes the time delay difference, signal strength difference, area difference of coordinate coverage area, coordinate coverage range deviation, and coordinate position deviation of each marker point.

[0073] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the process by which the data analysis module determines whether there is an anomaly in the gantry based on the obtained time-series composite sequence includes:

[0074] Set a latency threshold, compare the obtained latency difference with the latency threshold. If the latency difference exceeds the latency threshold, it indicates that there is an abnormality in the corresponding communication transmission. In this case, a communication abnormality warning message is generated and uploaded to the monitoring center. If the latency difference does not exceed the latency threshold, it indicates that the corresponding communication transmission is normal.

[0075] When communication transmission is normal, the signal strength corresponding to the reference time of the speed closest to the speed of the vehicle passing the gantry in the standard response parameters of the virtual antenna node is obtained, and the signal strength difference of the antenna signal is obtained. It should be noted that the faster the vehicle speed, the shorter the time the vehicle stays in this area, which affects the antenna signal reception. The higher the speed, the more unstable the signal quality, and the lower the speed, the more stable the signal quality.

[0076] Set a signal strength difference threshold, compare the signal strength difference with the signal strength difference threshold. If the signal strength difference is lower than the signal strength difference threshold, it means that the corresponding antenna is normal; otherwise, the corresponding antenna is marked as an abnormal antenna.

[0077] Similarly, the area difference of the coordinate coverage area of ​​the visual acquisition terminal is compared with the preset area difference threshold range, the coordinate coverage deviation is compared with the preset coordinate deviation threshold range, and the coordinate position deviation of each marker point is compared with the coordinate deviation threshold range.

[0078] If the area difference of the coordinate coverage area of ​​the visual acquisition terminal is within the preset area difference threshold range, and the coordinate coverage deviation is within the preset coordinate deviation threshold range, and the coordinate position deviation of each marker point is within the coordinate deviation threshold range, then the visual acquisition terminal is considered normal. Otherwise, the corresponding visual acquisition terminal is marked as an abnormal visual acquisition terminal, and a corresponding abnormal label is set.

[0079] It should be noted that each anomaly label corresponds to a specific situation, and the anomaly labels specifically include:

[0080] Label A: The area difference of the coordinate coverage area is less than the lower limit of the preset area difference threshold range;

[0081] Tag a: The area difference of the coordinate coverage area is greater than the upper limit of the preset area difference threshold range;

[0082] Tag B: Determine the offset direction based on the deviation between the coordinate coverage range deviation and the preset coordinate deviation threshold range, as well as the deviation between the coordinate position deviation of each marker point and the coordinate deviation threshold range.

[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portal deformation offset monitoring system based on ETC data, comprising a monitoring center, characterized in that, The monitoring center is connected to a database, a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a data analysis module. The database is used to store key equipment parameters for each gantry and to construct corresponding virtual gantry models based on these key equipment parameters. The data acquisition module is used to acquire daily data of the gantry and ETC data; The data processing module is used to process the obtained daily gantry data and ETC data to obtain a time-series integrated sequence; The data analysis module is used to determine whether there is an anomaly in the gantry based on the obtained time-series composite sequence; The data processing module processes the acquired daily gantry data and ETC data to obtain the time-series integrated sequence, including the following steps: The corresponding real-time response latency is obtained based on the first and second timestamps; Generate a corresponding signal strength change curve based on the radio frequency signal strength received by the antenna, and obtain the corresponding real-time reference time; The image data obtained by the visual acquisition terminal is mapped to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and the coordinate coverage area of ​​the image data is obtained. Each marker point in the image data is identified, and the coordinate position of the marker point in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system and the area of ​​the coordinate coverage area are obtained. The obtained real-time response delay, signal strength at the real-time reference time, area of ​​the coordinate coverage region, coordinate coverage range, and coordinate position of each marker point are compared with the standard response parameters of the corresponding virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node to obtain the corresponding deviation values. The obtained deviation values ​​are summarized as a timing synthesis sequence, which includes delay difference, signal strength difference, area difference of coordinate coverage region, coordinate coverage range deviation, and coordinate position deviation of each marker point.

2. The gantry deformation and offset monitoring system based on ETC data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The key parameters of the gantry equipment include gantry number, number of antennas, column parameters, crossbeam parameters, corresponding response positions of the gantry, and visual acquisition terminals consistent with the number of antennas. The column parameters include size, quantity, and deployment position, and the crossbeam parameters include size and height. 3.The ETC data-based gantry deformation offset monitoring system of claim 2, wherein, The process of constructing a corresponding virtual gantry model based on the key parameters of the equipment includes: Construct a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and generate the corresponding virtual gantry within the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system based on the column parameters and beam parameters; Based on the number of antennas and the number of visual acquisition terminals, virtual antenna nodes and visual acquisition nodes are generated at the corresponding positions on the virtual gantry. Set a marker point within the response location, a virtual response location corresponding to the response location in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and a virtual reference point corresponding to the marker point; Based on the test data of the antenna and visual acquisition terminal, standard response parameters of the virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node are obtained, and the obtained standard response parameters are correlated with the virtual antenna node and visual acquisition node. 4.The ETC data-based gantry deformation offset monitoring system of claim 3, wherein, The test data for the antenna and the visual acquisition terminal are as follows: When the gantry is in normal condition, select a test vehicle to pass through the response position at different specified speeds and obtain the data obtained by the antenna and vision acquisition terminal for each test; By obtaining the time when the test vehicle passes the response location and the time when the antenna receives the response signal, the time difference between the two can be obtained, and the response delay of the test can be obtained. The strength of the radio frequency signal received by the antenna is obtained, and the corresponding radio frequency signal strength change curve is generated. The time corresponding to the peak point in the radio frequency signal strength change curve is used as the reference time for the test. The response delay and reference time obtained from each test are summarized as the antenna test data, and the average signal strength at the reference time and the vehicle speed obtained from each test are used as the standard response parameters of the corresponding virtual antenna node. The image data obtained by the vision acquisition terminal is acquired and mapped to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate system to obtain the coordinate coverage area of ​​the image data. The virtual reference points in the image data are identified, the identification results are marked in the image data, and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional spatial coordinate system are obtained. The coordinate coverage area and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional coordinate system obtained from each test are used as the test data of the vision acquisition terminal, and the average of the coordinate coverage area, response delay and the coordinates of each virtual reference point in the three-dimensional coordinate system obtained from each test are used as the standard response parameters of the vision acquisition node. 5.The ETC data-based gantry deformation offset monitoring system of claim 4, wherein, The process by which the data acquisition module acquires daily gantry data and ETC data includes: When a vehicle passes through a response location, a corresponding first timestamp and a corresponding response signal are generated. The response signal is then uploaded to the corresponding antenna and visual acquisition terminal. When the antenna and visual acquisition terminal receive the response signal, a second timestamp is generated, and the corresponding gantry daily data and ETC data are obtained. The daily data of the gantry includes a first timestamp, a second timestamp, and image data obtained by the visual acquisition terminal. The ETC data includes a first timestamp, a second timestamp, the strength of the radio frequency signal received by the antenna, and the speed of the vehicle when it passes through the gantry. 6.The ETC data-based gantry deformation offset monitoring system of claim 5, wherein, The process by which the data analysis module determines whether the gantry has any anomalies based on the obtained time-series composite sequence includes: Set a latency threshold, compare the obtained latency difference with the latency threshold. If the latency difference exceeds the latency threshold, it indicates that there is an abnormality in the corresponding communication transmission. In this case, a communication abnormality warning message is generated and uploaded to the monitoring center. If the latency difference does not exceed the latency threshold, it indicates that the corresponding communication transmission is normal. When communication transmission is normal, obtain the signal strength corresponding to the reference time of the speed closest to the speed of the vehicle passing the gantry in the standard response parameters of the virtual antenna node, and obtain the signal strength difference of the antenna signal. Set a signal strength difference threshold, compare the signal strength difference with the signal strength difference threshold. If the signal strength difference is lower than the signal strength difference threshold, it means that the corresponding antenna is normal; otherwise, the corresponding antenna is marked as an abnormal antenna. The area difference of the coordinate coverage area of ​​the visual acquisition terminal is compared with the preset area difference threshold range, the coordinate coverage deviation is compared with the preset coordinate deviation threshold range, and the coordinate position deviation of each marker point is compared with the coordinate deviation threshold range. If the area difference of the coordinate coverage area of ​​the visual acquisition terminal is within the preset area difference threshold range, and the coordinate coverage deviation is within the preset coordinate deviation threshold range, and the coordinate position deviation of each marker point is within the coordinate deviation threshold range, then the visual acquisition terminal is considered normal. Otherwise, the corresponding visual acquisition terminal is marked as an abnormal visual acquisition terminal, and a corresponding abnormal label is set.

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