Anode catalyst layer and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an anode catalyst layer and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of proton exchange membranes. The preparation method of the anode catalyst layer comprises the following steps: mixing an anode catalyst, water, an organic solvent and an ion exchange resin material to obtain a first mixture; performing ball milling on the first mixture to obtain a second mixture; compressing the anode gas diffusion layer to obtain a pre-compressed gas diffusion layer; coating the pre-compressed gas diffusion layer with the second mixture, and drying to obtain an anode catalyst layer; wherein the ion exchange resin material is ion exchange resin or a solution containing the ion exchange resin. According to the invention, the anode gas diffusion layer is compressed, and the pre-compressed gas diffusion layer is coated with the second mixture containing the anode catalyst, so that the problems of small contact area between the anode gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer and high interface contact resistance caused by rough and uneven surface of the anode gas diffusion layer can be reduced; and the service life of the membrane electrode can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of proton exchange membrane technology, and more specifically, to an anode catalyst layer, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a clean energy source, has received widespread attention and development in recent years. The main method for hydrogen production involves generating electricity from renewable energy sources and then producing hydrogen through water electrolysis. Common water electrolysis technologies include alkaline water electrolysis (ALK), proton exchange membrane (PEM), solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC), and anion exchange membrane (AEM). Among these four technologies, PEM has attracted significant attention both domestically and internationally due to its high current density, small footprint, high hydrogen purity, and good dynamic response to fluctuating renewable energy sources. It is considered the future direction for water electrolysis hydrogen production over the next 5-10 years.

[0003] The gas diffusion layer serves to transport the gas / liquid phases from the bipolar plate flow field to the catalyst layer, while also acting as a current collector for conduction and electron collection. Due to the high overpotential of the PEM water electrolysis anode, commercial electrolyzers typically use titanium-based porous materials as the anode gas diffusion layer; however, titanium-based porous materials have a relatively large surface roughness. The anode catalyst layer promotes the oxidation reaction at the anode, decomposing water into oxygen and protons. It is usually formed on the proton exchange membrane by spraying or direct growth. The large roughness of the anode gas diffusion layer results in a small contact area with the anode catalyst layer, leading to increased interfacial contact resistance. Furthermore, the roughness of the anode gas diffusion layer can easily damage the anode catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane, resulting in low anode catalyst layer utilization and poor membrane electrode durability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an anode catalyst layer, its preparation method, and its application, in order to solve the problems of small contact area and high contact resistance between the anode catalyst layer and the anode gas diffusion layer in the prior art.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an anode catalyst layer is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The anode catalyst, water, organic solvent, and ion exchange resin material are mixed to obtain the first mixture;

[0007] The first mixture was ball-milled to obtain the second mixture;

[0008] The anode gas diffusion layer is compressed to obtain a pre-compressed gas diffusion layer.

[0009] The second mixture is coated onto the pre-compressed gas diffusion layer and dried to obtain the anode catalyst layer;

[0010] The ion exchange resin material is an ion exchange resin or a solution containing an ion exchange resin.

[0011] Furthermore, the compression treatment conditions are 2MPa to 5MPa.

[0012] Furthermore, the ion exchange equivalent of the ion exchange resin material in the first mixture is 700 g / mol to 1000 g / mol.

[0013] Furthermore, the anode catalyst is at least one of a noble metal element, a noble metal alloy, or a noble metal oxide.

[0014] Furthermore, the material of the anode gas diffusion layer is titanium felt.

[0015] Furthermore, the organic solvent includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol.

[0016] Furthermore, the organic solvent is a mixture of isopropanol and n-propanol, wherein the mass ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol in the mixture is (1:9) to (9:1).

[0017] Furthermore, the ion exchange resin is at least one of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, sulfonated trifluorostyrene resin, and polymethylphenylsulfonate siloxane resin.

[0018] Furthermore, in the first mixture, the mass ratio of organic solvent to ion exchange resin material is (20:1) to (120:1).

[0019] Furthermore, in the first mixture, the mass ratio of the anode catalyst to the ion exchange resin material is (1:4) to (4:1).

[0020] Furthermore, the ball mill speed is 200 rpm to 400 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1 h to 4 h.

[0021] Furthermore, the loading of noble metal elements in the anode catalyst layer is 0.5 mg / cm³. 2 ~5mg / cm 2 The precious metal element is at least one of Ir and Ru.

[0022] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an anode catalyst layer is provided, which is prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a membrane electrode is provided, comprising an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane with a cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer sequentially stacked; wherein the cathode catalyst layer in the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer is located away from the anode catalyst layer; the anode catalyst layer is an anode catalyst layer prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect of the present invention or an anode catalyst layer of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0024] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a membrane electrode is provided, the method comprising: sequentially stacking an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane with a cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer to assemble the membrane electrode; wherein the cathode catalyst layer in the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer is located away from the anode catalyst layer.

[0025] This invention reduces burrs on the surface of the gas diffusion layer and increases the contact area between the gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer by compressing the gas diffusion layer. In addition, by directly coating the surface of the compressed gas diffusion layer with a slurry containing an anode catalyst and an ion exchange resin, an anode catalyst layer can be directly formed on the surface of the gas diffusion layer. The low contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer helps to further improve the durability of the membrane electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0027] As described in the background section of this invention, existing technologies suffer from problems such as small contact area and high interfacial contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer, which leads to reduced efficiency in hydrogen production through water electrolysis, increased reaction temperature, and shortened membrane electrode lifespan. To address these technical problems, in a typical embodiment of this invention, a method for preparing the anode catalyst layer is provided, specifically including the following steps:

[0028] The anode catalyst, water, organic solvent, and ion exchange resin material are mixed to obtain the first mixture;

[0029] The first mixture was ball-milled to obtain the second mixture;

[0030] The anode gas diffusion layer is compressed to obtain a pre-compressed gas diffusion layer.

[0031] The second mixture is coated onto the pre-compressed gas diffusion layer and dried to obtain the anode catalyst layer;

[0032] The ion exchange resin material is an ion exchange resin or a solution containing an ion exchange resin.

[0033] This invention reduces surface burrs and makes the anode gas diffusion layer smoother by compressing it, which helps increase the contact area between the anode gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer. Furthermore, it prevents the anode gas diffusion layer from puncturing the anode catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane, thus improving the lifespan of the membrane electrode. In addition, by directly coating the compressed gas diffusion layer with a slurry made from the anode catalyst and ion exchange resin, this invention reduces the interfacial contact resistance between the anode catalyst layer and the anode gas diffusion layer, thereby improving the overall performance of the membrane electrode.

[0034] In some implementations, the compression conditions are 2MPa to 5MPa, specifically 3MPa, 3.5MPa, 4MPa, 4.5MPa, 5MPa, etc., or other values ​​within this range, without any special limitation.

[0035] Compression processing conditions affect the surface smoothness of the anode gas diffusion layer, gas-liquid diffusion performance, and the bonding strength between the gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer, thus affecting the interfacial contact resistance between the anode gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer. By controlling the compression processing conditions within the aforementioned range, the interfacial contact resistance between the anode gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer can be further reduced, mitigating the heat generation phenomenon during water electrolysis for hydrogen production and improving the service life of the membrane electrode. Specifically, the anode gas diffusion layer can be physically compressed using rollers, hot presses, or other mechanical pressure equipment to reduce surface burrs.

[0036] In some embodiments, the coating method includes spraying, dipping, brushing, rolling, electrophoretic coating, electrostatic spraying, vapor deposition, etc.; among them, spraying is the most commonly used coating method, which sprays the paint onto the surface of the object after atomizing it with a spray gun, and is highly efficient.

[0037] In some embodiments, the ion exchange equivalent of the ion exchange resin material in the first mixture is 700 g / mol to 1000 g / mol.

[0038] Ion exchange equivalent refers to the mass of polymer corresponding to 1 mol of sulfonic acid groups, which directly affects the ion conductivity, electrochemical activity, and stability of the membrane. By controlling the ion exchange equivalent of the ion exchange resin in the first mixture, the anode catalyst layer can have good proton conductivity and stability, as well as good bonding performance with the compressed gas diffusion layer, resulting in a long service life. The ion exchange equivalent is tested in accordance with GB / T 20042.3-2022 "Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Part 3: Test Methods for Proton Exchange Membranes".

[0039] In some embodiments, the anode catalyst is at least one of a noble metal element, a noble metal-containing alloy, or a noble metal oxide. The noble metal element includes Ir, Ru, etc.; the noble metal-containing alloy includes iridium-rhodium alloys, iridium-ruthenium alloys, iridium-nickel alloys, iridium-platinum alloys, etc.; and the noble metal oxide includes iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, etc.

[0040] The above-mentioned materials are commonly used anode catalyst materials, which have high electrocatalytic activity and stability, and good physical stability, which can make the membrane electrode have good structural stability during use.

[0041] In some embodiments, the material of the anode gas diffusion layer is titanium felt.

[0042] The primary function of the anolyte gas diffusion layer is to facilitate the transport of gas and liquid between the electrode and the proton exchange membrane, ensuring that gas can diffuse smoothly from the electrode surface to the other side of the membrane while preventing gas accumulation on the electrode surface, which would affect reaction efficiency. Furthermore, the anolyte gas diffusion layer needs to ensure sufficient electron transport from the electrode to the catalyst layer for participation in the electrolysis reaction. In addition, the anolyte gas diffusion layer requires good mechanical support properties to maintain the structural stability of the electrode. Titanium felt possesses good chemical stability, electrical conductivity, and a porous structure, along with certain mechanical strength and relatively low density, making it suitable for preparing anolyte gas diffusion layers.

[0043] In some embodiments, the organic solvent includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol.

[0044] The organic solvent is added to improve the dispersibility of the ion exchange resin in the first mixture, so that the anode catalyst and the ion exchange resin can be uniformly dispersed in the first mixture. The ion exchange resin has a good dispersion effect in the above-mentioned alcohol solvent.

[0045] In some embodiments, the organic solvent is a mixture of isopropanol and n-propanol, wherein the mass ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol is (1:9) to (9:1).

[0046] Using the above-mentioned compound as an organic solvent can make the distribution of each component in the first mixture more uniform, which helps to form a uniform anodic catalyst layer on the surface of the anodic gas diffusion layer, and greatly helps to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of the membrane electrode.

[0047] In some embodiments, the ion exchange resin is at least one of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, sulfonated trifluorostyrene resin, and polymethylphenylsulfonate siloxane resin.

[0048] The aforementioned ion exchange resin has a good proton conduction ability, and the ion exchange resin has strong adhesion to gas diffusion layers such as titanium felt, which helps to form a stable bond between the anode gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer.

[0049] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of organic solvent to ion exchange resin material in the first mixture is (20:1) to (120:1). Controlling the mass ratio of organic solvent to ion exchange resin material can improve the homogeneity of the first mixture and avoid waste of organic solvent. The mass fraction of ion exchange resin in the ion exchange resin material is 10% to 30%.

[0050] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the anode catalyst to the ion exchange resin material in the first mixture is (1:4) to (4:1). The role of the anode catalyst is to lower the activation energy of water molecules losing electrons to generate oxygen and protons, thereby increasing the reaction rate and making the electrolysis process more efficient. The role of the ion exchange resin is to provide a channel for the protons generated by the decomposition of water molecules to pass through rapidly from the anode side to the cathode side and participate in the hydrogen generation reaction. Controlling the mass ratio of the anode catalyst to the ion exchange resin is to ensure that the anode catalyst layer has sufficient catalytic activity and to provide a good transport channel for protons, promoting the electrochemical reaction and achieving a balance between the two. In addition, when the mass ratio meets the above-mentioned limitations, it also helps to improve the mechanical strength and stability of the anode catalyst layer.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ball milling speed is 200 rpm to 400 rpm, specifically 200 rpm, 220 rpm, 250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm, etc., or other values ​​within this range, without special limitation; the ball milling time is 1 hour to 4 hours, specifically 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, etc., or other values ​​within this range, without special limitation. Ball milling the slurry helps to improve its fineness, increase the surface area of ​​solid particles in the slurry, improve dispersibility, and also improves rheological properties, making it easier to pump and coat onto a gas diffusion layer.

[0052] In some embodiments, the loading of noble metal elements in the anode catalyst layer is 0.5 mg / cm³. 2 ~5mg / cm 2 Specifically, it can be 0.5 mg / cm³. 2 1mg / cm 2 2mg / cm 2 3mg / cm 2 4mg / cm 2 5mg / cm 2The loading amount of noble metal in the anode catalyst layer can be any other value within this range, without special limitation; wherein, the noble metal element is at least one of Ir and Ru. The above-mentioned limitation on the loading amount of noble metal in the anode catalyst layer can balance catalytic activity, structural stability, thermal stability, and economy.

[0053] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, an anode catalyst layer prepared by the preparation method described in the above embodiments is provided. This anode catalyst layer exhibits good catalytic activity, low interfacial contact resistance with the anode gas diffusion layer, and high durability of the resulting membrane electrode.

[0054] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, a membrane electrode is provided, comprising an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane with a cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer sequentially stacked; the cathode catalyst layer in the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer is located away from the anode catalyst layer; the anode catalyst layer is the anode catalyst layer prepared by the preparation method in the above embodiments or the anode catalyst layer in the above embodiments. The membrane electrode assembled with the above-mentioned anode catalyst layer has high electrochemical reactivity, good stability, and long service life.

[0055] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a membrane electrode is also provided. The method comprises: sequentially stacking an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane with a cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer to assemble the membrane electrode; wherein the cathode catalyst layer in the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer is far away from the anode catalyst layer.

[0056] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

[0057] Information on some materials used in the examples and comparative examples is as follows:

[0058] Titanium felt: Belcat 0.4mm titanium felt;

[0059] Ion exchange resin solution A: The mass fraction of perfluorosulfonic acid resin is 15%, and the ion exchange equivalent is 790 g / mol;

[0060] Ion exchange resin solution B: The mass fraction of perfluorosulfonic acid resin is 15%, and the ion exchange equivalent is 720 g / mol;

[0061] Ion exchange resin solution C: The mass fraction of perfluorosulfonic acid resin is 15%, and the ion exchange equivalent is 900 g / mol;

[0062] Ion exchange resin solution D: The mass fraction of perfluorosulfonic acid resin is 15%, and the ion exchange equivalent is 1200 g / mol;

[0063] Ion exchange resin solution E: The mass fraction of perfluorosulfonic acid resin is 15%, and the ion exchange equivalent is 650 g / mol.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention, wherein the preparation method of the anode catalyst layer in this embodiment is as follows:

[0066] S1, take 2.64g of anode catalyst (Umicore Ir75 0520), add 41.428g of water, 54.821g of isopropanol and 2.4g of ion exchange resin solution A to obtain the first mixture;

[0067] S2, using 3mm grinding beads, the first mixture is ball-milled at 300rpm for 2 hours to obtain the second mixture;

[0068] S3, the titanium felt is compressed at room temperature using a flat hot press at a pressure of 2MPa to obtain pre-compressed titanium felt.

[0069] S4. Spray the second mixture onto the pre-compressed titanium felt and dry it to obtain the anode catalyst layer.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] This invention provides an embodiment of the anode catalyst layer. The difference between the preparation method of the anode catalyst layer in this embodiment and that in Embodiment 1 is that the type of ion exchange resin solution is different; it is ion exchange resin solution B.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Embodiment 1 only in that the type of ion exchange resin solution is different, namely ion exchange resin solution C.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Embodiment 1 only in that the type of ion exchange resin solution is different, namely, ion exchange resin solution D.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Embodiment 1 only in that the type of ion exchange resin solution is different, namely ion exchange resin solution E.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 1 only in that a compound of isopropanol and n-propanol is used instead of isopropanol, wherein the mass ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol is 1:9.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 1 only in that a compound of isopropanol and n-propanol is used instead of isopropanol, wherein the mass ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol is 1:3.

[0082] Example 8

[0083] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 1 only in that a compound of isopropanol and n-propanol is used instead of isopropanol, wherein the mass ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol is 9:1.

[0084] Example 9

[0085] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 1 only in that a compound of isopropanol and n-propanol is used instead of isopropanol, wherein the mass ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol is 1:10.

[0086] Example 10

[0087] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 1 only in that anhydrous ethanol is used instead of isopropanol.

[0088] Example 11

[0089] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 6 only in that the compression treatment conditions are different, and the compression treatment conditions are 3 MPa.

[0090] Example 12

[0091] This invention provides an embodiment of the anode catalyst layer. The difference between the preparation method of the anode catalyst layer in this embodiment and that in Example 6 is that the compression treatment conditions are different, and the compression treatment conditions are 5 MPa.

[0092] Example 13

[0093] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 6 only in that the compression treatment conditions are different, and the compression treatment conditions are 1 MPa.

[0094] Example 14

[0095] This invention provides an embodiment of the anode catalyst layer. The difference between the preparation method of the anode catalyst layer in this embodiment and that in Example 6 is that the compression treatment conditions are different, and the compression treatment conditions are 6 MPa.

[0096] Example 15

[0097] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 6 only in that the amounts of each component in the first mixture are different, as detailed below:

[0098] Anode catalyst 2.64g, water 41.428g, isopropanol and n-propanol complex 44.821g, ion exchange resin solution A 2.6g.

[0099] Example 16

[0100] One embodiment of the anode catalyst layer of the present invention differs from that of Example 6 only in that the amounts of each component in the first mixture are different, as detailed below:

[0101] Anode catalyst 2.64g, water 140.25g, isopropanol and n-propanol complex 156.2g, ion exchange resin solution A 2.6g.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] An anode catalyst layer is prepared in a manner that differs from that of Example 1 only in that the titanium felt is not compressed.

[0104] Performance testing

[0105] The anode current collector, the anode gas diffusion layer with the anode catalyst layer as shown in the examples and comparative examples, the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer, the cathode gas diffusion layer, and the cathode current collector were assembled in sequence to form a membrane electrode. Electrochemical polarization curves were tested at an electrolytic cell temperature of 60°C and at 1 atmosphere.

[0106] The performance test results are shown in Table 1.

[0107] Table 1

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] As can be seen from the above test results, the present invention can significantly increase the contact area between the porous transport layer and the anode catalyst layer by compressing the gas diffusion layer titanium felt and then coating its surface with a slurry containing an anode catalyst and an ion exchange resin, thereby reducing the interfacial contact resistance between the porous transport layer and the anode catalyst layer and improving its electrochemical performance.

[0111] In addition, comparing the performance test results of Examples 1 to 5, it can be found that when the ion exchange equivalent of the perfluorosulfonic acid resin is 700 g / mol to 1000 g / mol, the water electrolysis activity of the membrane electrode is higher.

[0112] Comparing the performance test results of Examples 6-10, it can be found that when the organic solvent is a mixture of isopropanol and n-propanol, and the ratio of the two satisfies (1:9):(9:1), the perfluorosulfonic acid resin has better dispersibility and is more conducive to forming a uniform anode catalyst layer, which has a beneficial effect on improving the water electrolysis performance of the membrane electrode.

[0113] Comparing the performance test results of Examples 11-14, it can be found that the compression treatment conditions of titanium felt have a certain impact on the performance of the anode catalyst layer. When the compression treatment conditions are controlled within 2MPa to 5MPa, on the one hand, the contact area between the anode catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer can be increased, and on the other hand, the bonding strength between the anode catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer can be ensured, thereby reducing the interfacial contact resistance and improving its electrochemical performance.

[0114] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an anode catalyst layer, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The anode catalyst, water, organic solvent, and ion exchange resin material are mixed to obtain the first mixture; The first mixture was ball-milled to obtain a second mixture; The anode gas diffusion layer is compressed to obtain a pre-compressed gas diffusion layer. The second mixture is coated onto the pre-compressed gas diffusion layer and dried to obtain the anode catalyst layer; The ion exchange resin material is an ion exchange resin or a solution containing an ion exchange resin.

2. The method for preparing the anode catalyst layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compression treatment conditions are 2MPa to 5MPa.

3. The method for preparing the anode catalyst layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The ion exchange equivalent of the ion exchange resin material in the first mixture is 700 g / mol to 1000 g / mol.

4. The method for preparing the anode catalyst layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The anode catalyst is at least one of a noble metal element, a noble metal alloy, or a noble metal oxide; and / or, the material of the anode gas diffusion layer is titanium felt; and / or, the organic solvent includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol; and / or, the ion exchange resin is at least one of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, sulfonated trifluorostyrene resin, and polymethylphenylsulfonate siloxane resin.

5. The method for preparing the anode catalyst layer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The organic solvent is a mixture of isopropanol and n-propanol, wherein the mass ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol in the mixture is (1:9) to (9:1).

6. The method for preparing the anode catalyst layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In the first mixture, the mass ratio of the organic solvent to the ion exchange resin material is (20:1) to (120:1); and / or, the mass ratio of the anode catalyst to the ion exchange resin material is (1:4) to (4:1).

7. The method for preparing the anode catalyst layer according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes at least one of the following features: (1) The rotation speed of the ball mill is 200 rpm to 400 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1 h to 4 h; (2) The loading of noble metal elements in the anode catalyst layer is 0.5 mg / cm³. 2 ~5mg / cm 2 The precious metal element is at least one of Ir and Ru.

8. An anode catalyst layer, characterized in that, Prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A membrane electrode, characterized in that, It includes an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane with a cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer stacked sequentially; the cathode catalyst layer in the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer is located away from the anode catalyst layer; the anode catalyst layer is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7 or is the anode catalyst layer of claim 8.

10. A method for preparing a membrane electrode, characterized in that, The preparation method is as follows: the anode catalyst layer, the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer, and the cathode gas diffusion layer are stacked sequentially to assemble the membrane electrode; the cathode catalyst layer in the proton exchange membrane with the cathode catalyst layer is far away from the anode catalyst layer; the anode catalyst layer is prepared by any one of the preparation methods of claims 1 to 7 or is the anode catalyst layer of claim 8.

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