Device and method for simulating vertical migration rule of surface pollutants of oil and gas field

Abstract

The invention provides a device for simulating the vertical migration rule of oil and gas field ground pollutants and a simulation method, and relates to the technical field, the device comprises a soil column leaching module, a spraying module and an underground water control module, the soil column leaching module and the underground water control module are both arranged in an underground foundation pit, and the soil column leaching module comprises a soil column experiment device; a sensor device is inserted into the soil column experimental device, the sensor device is electrically connected with the data acquisition device, the soil column experimental device is provided with a soil sampling window, the spraying module comprises a spraying pipe, one end of the spraying pipe is communicated with the reservoir, and the other end of the spraying pipe extends above the soil column experimental device. On the basis that only surface water is concerned to drive pollutant migration originally, the underground water control module and the water supply Markov bottle are additionally arranged, and fluctuation of the underground water level can be achieved; long-term and continuous in-situ monitoring of soil moisture in-situ data can be achieved in real time, non-destructive collection of samples can be achieved, and the research quality of the vertical migration rule of oil and gas field ground pollutants is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of research technology on surface pollutants in oil and gas fields, and in particular to a device and simulation method for simulating the vertical migration patterns of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields. Background Technology

[0002] Oil and gas field development has a tremendous driving force for economic and social development and the improvement of people's living standards. However, oil and gas development inevitably causes a certain degree of environmental pollution, especially the pollution of soil and shallow groundwater by surface pollutants. In order to prevent and fundamentally control soil and groundwater pollution, it is necessary to study the vertical migration law of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields. At present, simulation devices are often used to study the vertical migration law of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields.

[0003] Existing simulation devices are mostly used for short-term simulations and pay less attention to the role of groundwater. In areas with shallow groundwater, its influence cannot be ignored: for example, capillary lift increases the moisture content of the lower soil layers, altering the migration patterns of pollutants in this area; furthermore, in areas with significant seasonal fluctuations in groundwater, this process accelerates the migration of pollutants into the groundwater. Therefore, the effectiveness of traditional simulation devices in studying the vertical migration patterns of pollutants needs improvement. To address this, we propose a method for studying the vertical migration patterns of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields.

[0004] How to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is the challenge facing this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for studying the vertical migration patterns of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields, addressing the following issues raised in the background: 1. Previous devices only focused on the downward migration of pollutants under the influence of surface water, neglecting the impact of seasonal or annual fluctuations in groundwater; 2. By comprehensively considering the migration and storage characteristics of pollutants under the dual influence of surface water and groundwater, the method more closely approximates natural conditions, resulting in more accurate and reliable data; 3. The addition of groundwater and soil column profile monitoring modules enables real-time data monitoring, avoiding problems such as insufficient monitoring time and the neglect of pollution events (e.g., short-term simulations may overlook groundwater pollution issues).

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: This invention provides a device and simulation method for simulating the vertical migration law of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields, including a soil column leaching module, a spraying module, and a groundwater control module. It employs a combination of automatic and manual methods to monitor the migration law of pollutants. Both the soil column leaching module and the groundwater control module are located in an underground foundation pit. The soil column leaching module includes a soil column experimental device. Several sets of sensors are equidistantly inserted on one side wall from top to bottom to automatically monitor indicators such as water content and pollutant concentration, and the data is automatically recorded by a data acquisition device. Several sets of soil sampling windows are equidistantly opened on the other side wall from top to bottom, with each sampling window corresponding to a sensor device, allowing for sampling as needed. The spraying module is connected to a water storage tank at one end and extends to a spray pipe above the soil column experimental device. A water pump is used to simulate surface water input with different intensities, volumes, and forms. The groundwater control module uses the Martens bottle principle to control the groundwater level. The groundwater control device is located on a vertical track, and the water level can be manually adjusted by moving it.

[0007] The simulation research device includes a soil column leaching module, a spraying module, and a groundwater control module. Both the soil column leaching module and the groundwater control module are located in an underground foundation pit. The soil column leaching module includes a soil column experimental device. Several sets of sensor devices are inserted at equal intervals from top to bottom on one side wall of the soil column experimental device. The sensor devices are electrically connected to a data acquisition device. Several sets of soil sampling windows are opened at equal intervals from top to bottom on the other side wall of the soil column experimental device. Each soil sampling window corresponds to one of the sensor devices. A sampling device for taking samples from the soil sampling windows is provided on one side of the soil column experimental device.

[0008] The spraying module includes a spraying pipe with one end connected to a water storage tank and the other end extending to the top of the soil column test device, and a pump body is provided on the spraying pipe.

[0009] The groundwater control module includes a water supply Mauritius bottle, which is connected to the bottom of the soil column test device via a water supply pipe and is used to supply water to the soil column test device. The water supply Mauritius bottle is movably mounted on a vertical track.

[0010] A further improvement is that the bottom of the soil column experimental device is provided with a groundwater sampling port, and the bottom of the inner cavity of the soil column experimental device is provided with a sponge layer and a quartz sand filter layer from top to bottom.

[0011] A further improvement is that the water supply bottle is equipped with a locking device for fixing it to the track.

[0012] A further improvement is that the sampling device includes a support frame fixed to the outer wall of the soil column experimental device. One side of the support frame is integrally provided with a frame, and vertical support plates are symmetrically slidably provided on the inner walls of both sides of the frame. The support plates are driven to move along the length of the frame by a telescopic device provided on the outer wall of the frame. The upper and lower ends of the two sets of support plates are rotatably provided with shafts. The outer walls of the two sets of shafts are connected to a conveyor belt. One of the shafts is driven to rotate by a rotating device provided on the outer wall of a support plate. The outer wall of the conveyor belt is provided with several sets of self-unloading sampling cylinders that correspond one-to-one with the soil sampling windows.

[0013] A rubber plug is fixedly installed inside the soil sampling window, and a conical opening is provided inside the rubber plug for inserting a self-unloading sampling tube.

[0014] A further improvement is that a movable block is slidably provided on the outside of the support plate within the frame. A turntable is rotatably connected to the movable block via a rotating shaft. Several sets of sample carrying containers are embedded in a circular array on the top of the turntable. The number of sample carrying containers is the same as the number of soil sampling windows. A protrusion is provided on the outer circumference of the turntable corresponding to the position of the sample carrying container. A push-type control component for driving the self-unloading sampling cylinder to unload is inserted on the protrusion. The outer wall of the movable block is connected to the inner wall of the frame via an elastic connector. An electromagnetic block is provided at the outer end of the frame to attract the movable block to move away from the soil column experimental device.

[0015] The top of a sample-bearing container near the turntable of the soil column experimental device corresponds to the end of a self-unloading sampling cylinder that is transported to the top of the turntable via a conveyor belt, away from the conveyor belt.

[0016] A further improvement is that the self-unloading sampling cylinder includes a mounting base connected to the outer wall of the conveyor belt. The mounting base has a horizontally arranged cylinder for inserting a conical through-hole on the side away from the conveyor belt. The end of the cylinder away from the mounting base has a beveled edge. An inner push block adapted to the inner cavity of the cylinder is movably provided at the cylinder opening. An inner push rod is provided on the inner side of the inner push block. The end of the inner push rod away from the inner push block is inserted into one end of an L-shaped sealing cylinder. The L-shaped sealing cylinder is fixedly installed in the self-unloading sampling cylinder and the mounting base. The other end of the L-shaped sealing cylinder passes through the top of the mounting base and has an outer push rod inserted inside for contacting a push-type control component near the soil column test device. The inner cavity of the L-shaped sealing cylinder, located between the outer push rod and the inner push rod, is filled with inert gas.

[0017] A further improvement is that the jacking control component includes a jacking rod vertically and movably inserted into the protrusion for contacting the outer push rod. A spring connected to the protrusion is sleeved on the outer wall of the jacking rod. A ball bearing is embedded in the top of the jacking rod. A limit block is connected to the side of the moving block facing the soil column test device. A sensor is provided on the top of the limit block for receiving the pressure signal of the jacking rod near the soil column test device. The sensor is connected to a controller. The controller has a timing module. The timing module is connected to a rotating device and an electromagnetic block.

[0018] When the sensor receives a pressure signal, it sends a control signal to the controller, causing the controller to energize the electromagnetic block, stop the rotating device from working, and control the timing module to time. When the timing module reaches a first preset time, the controller controls the rotating device to continue working. When the timing module reaches a second preset time, the controller controls the electromagnetic block to de-energize. The first preset time is earlier than the second preset time.

[0019] A further improvement is that the bottom end of the turntable's shaft extends to the bottom of the movable block and is fitted with a gear. A movable frame extending along the long side of the frame is provided on one side of the gear. A toothed segment is provided on one side of the movable frame for meshing with the gear. The toothed segment is used to drive the gear to rotate, so that another sample carrying container on the turntable corresponds to the self-unloading sampling cylinder. An elastic telescopic rod connected to the limiting block is provided vertically on one side of the movable frame. A pusher is provided at the bottom of the movable block. The outer end of the movable frame and the outer end of the frame are connected by an unlocking fastener.

[0020] The actuating component is used to drive the movable frame to move outward after the moving block moves inward and the tooth segment and gear separate; the unlocking fixing component is used to fix the movable frame and release the locking of the movable frame when the moving block moves outward and the gear is at the outer end of the tooth segment, so that the movable frame is reset under the drive of the elastic telescopic rod.

[0021] A further improvement is that the actuating member includes an L-shaped actuating member fixed to the bottom of the movable block, and a wedge-shaped block is slidably abutted against one side of the L-shaped actuating member, the wedge-shaped block being fixedly mounted on the movable frame.

[0022] A further improvement is that the unlocking fastener includes a telescopic component connecting the movable frame and the frame and located at the outer end of the frame. The outer side wall of the movable section of the telescopic component is uniformly provided with arc-shaped slots along its length. The outer side wall of the fixed section of the telescopic component is fitted with a push plate. One side of the push plate is connected to the outer end of the frame by a spring. One side of the push plate is provided with a locking post that penetrates the outer wall of the fixed section of the telescopic component and is adapted to the arc-shaped slot. The outer side of the movable block is provided with a pushing post for pushing the push plate to disengage the locking post from the arc-shaped slot.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on the original focus on the migration of pollutants driven by surface water, this invention adds a groundwater control module and a water supply Marshall bottle design to realize groundwater level fluctuations; based on the existing spray module, a soil column profile sensor device system is added, which can perform long-term and continuous in-situ monitoring of soil moisture data in real time, and can achieve non-destructive sampling, thus improving the quality of research on the vertical migration law of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields.

[0024] This invention is equipped with a spray module and a groundwater control module, which can simulate the migration process of pollutants in the soil under the dual drive of surface water and groundwater. In addition, the sensor device in the soil column experimental device monitors the soil data in real time to dynamically determine the migration pattern of soil pollutants, thereby reducing the number of soil samplings and improving the scientific nature of sampling time, realizing long-term and continuous simulation experimental research, and improving the research quality of the vertical migration law of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields.

[0025] This invention is equipped with a sampling device that can sample soil at different heights within the soil column experimental device. After sampling, the obtained soil samples can be classified and collected for subsequent soil research, reducing the intensity of manual labor while improving the efficiency of later soil research work.

[0026] Understanding the migration, storage, and transformation patterns of pollutants within soil and into groundwater is a prerequisite for oil and gas field enterprises to reduce ecological and environmental risks, and also a crucial foundation for the effective remediation of contaminated soil. Therefore, the primary application scenarios for this device and method are the study of pollutant migration in different pollution (remediation) scenarios and areas. Its advantage lies in comprehensively considering the combined effects of surface water and groundwater, making environmental conditions closer to natural conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil column leaching module structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of local structure in

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling device structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the self-unloading sampling cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 The structural sectional view in the middle;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the top-moving control component structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the unlocking fastener structure of the present invention.

[0036] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Soil column test apparatus; 2. Sensor device; 3. Data acquisition device; 4. Sampling device; 41. Support frame; 42. Frame; 43. Support plate; 44. Conveyor belt; 45. Self-unloading sampling cylinder; 451. Mounting base; 452. Cylinder body; 453. Inner push block; 454. L-shaped sealing cylinder; 455. Outer push rod; 456. Inner push rod; 46. Rotating device; 47. Telescopic device; 48. Push-type control component; 481. Push rod; 482. Spring component; 49. Rotary... 410. Sample container; 411. Push plate; 412. Sensor; 413. Limiting block; 414. Electromagnetic block; 415. Moving block; 416. Gear; 417. Movable frame; 418. Wedge block; 419. Elastic telescopic rod; 420. L-shaped pusher; 421. Tooth segment; 422. Telescopic component; 423. Arc-shaped groove; 424. Elastic connector; 425. Push column; 5. Water supply bottle; 6. Water supply pipe; 7. Track; 8. Locking device; 9. Spray pipe; 10. Pump body. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the following detailed implementation method will be used to explain the solution.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] See Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a device and simulation method for simulating the vertical migration of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields. It includes a soil column leaching module, a spraying module, and a groundwater control module. The soil column leaching module and the groundwater control module are both located in an underground foundation pit, while the spraying module can be located outside the underground foundation pit.

[0040] The soil column leaching module includes a soil column test device 1, which is a soil column. The original soil is backfilled in layers inside it, which is a prior art. The soil inside the soil column can be level with the ground so that the temperature change of the soil is consistent with the natural environment.

[0041] Several sets of sensor devices 2 are inserted at equal intervals from top to bottom on one side wall of the soil column experimental device 1. The sensor devices 2 include, for example, temperature sensors, salinity / moisture sensors or soil pH sensors, etc., which will not be described in detail here. The sensor devices 2 are electrically connected to the data acquisition device 3, which is not only used to monitor and collect the data of each sensor device 2 in real time, but also to facilitate the reasonable setting of soil sampling time according to the dynamic changes of moisture. The data acquisition device 3 can be connected to external computer devices to store and display the data of the data acquisition device 3, so as to enable users to study the vertical migration law of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields.

[0042] The other side wall of the soil column experimental device 1 is provided with several sets of soil sampling windows at equal intervals from top to bottom. The soil sampling windows correspond one-to-one with the sensor device 2 so as to collect soil data at the corresponding height, thereby better studying the vertical migration law of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields. A sampling device 4 is provided on one side of the soil column experimental device 1 to take samples from the soil sampling windows.

[0043] The spray module includes a spray pipe 9 connected at one end to a water storage tank and extending at the other end to the top of the soil column experimental device 1. A pump body 10 is installed on the spray pipe 9. This part can be used to simulate natural conditions, providing surface water. Pollutants can be introduced with the spray water. Simulations can also be conducted by laying solid oil and gas field pollutants on the ground. Of course, since this device is located in an underground foundation pit, the surface water can also be natural precipitation, occasional floods, etc.

[0044] The groundwater control module includes a water supply Mauritius bottle 5, which is connected to the bottom of the soil column experimental device 1 via a water supply pipe 6 to supply water to the soil column experimental device 1. The water supply Mauritius bottle 5 is movable on a vertical track 7. The groundwater control module can make the groundwater level as stable as possible at a certain level, or, depending on the characteristics of the study area, can simulate the height and fluctuation of the groundwater level.

[0045] Preferably, the soil column test device 1 in this embodiment is provided with a groundwater sampling port at the bottom. The bottom of the inner cavity of the soil column test device 1 is provided with a sponge layer (not shown in the figure) and a quartz sand filter layer (not shown in the figure) from top to bottom. The quartz sand filter layer can provide a well-ventilated environment for the infiltration-evaporation process; the sponge layer can prevent the fill soil from entering the large pores in the quartz sand filter layer.

[0046] Preferably, the water supply bottle 5 in this embodiment is provided with a locking device 8 for fixing to the track 7. The locking device 8 is, for example, a locking screw inserted into the outer wall of one side of the water supply bottle 5.

[0047] It should be noted that the water supply bottle 5 is also equipped with other structures, such as water inlet and pressure regulating port. The above-mentioned pipes, such as water supply pipe 6 and spray pipe 9, all have valve control components, which will not be described in detail here.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] See Figures 2 to 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the sampling device 4 includes a support frame 41 fixed to the outer wall of the soil column experimental device 1. The support frame 41 can be divided into upper and lower sets. A frame 42 is integrally provided on one side of the support frame 41. Vertical support plates 43 are symmetrically slidably provided on the inner walls of both sides of the frame 42. The support plates 43 are driven to move along the length direction of the frame 42 by a telescopic device 47 provided on the outer wall of the frame 42. The telescopic device 47 is, for example, an electric telescopic rod or a hydraulic telescopic rod. The upper and lower ends of the two sets of support plates 43 are rotatably provided with shafts. A conveyor belt 44 is connected to the outer wall of the two sets of shafts. One of the shafts is driven to rotate by a rotating device 46 provided on the outer wall of a support plate 43. The rotating device 46 is, for example, a motor and a reducer. The outer wall of the conveyor belt 44 is provided with several sets of self-unloading sampling cylinders 45. The self-unloading sampling cylinders 45 correspond one-to-one with the soil sampling windows.

[0050] A rubber plug (not shown in the figure) is also fixed inside the soil sampling window. The rubber plug has a conical opening for the self-unloading sampling tube 45 to be inserted. The diameter of the end of the conical opening facing the center of the soil column test device 1 is smaller than the diameter of the other end. On the one hand, the self-unloading sampling tube 45 can be opened when inserted into the rubber plug. On the other hand, the soil inside the soil column test device 1 is not easy to seep out of the soil column test device 1 from this point.

[0051] During sampling, the telescopic device 47 drives the bearing plate 43 to move within the frame 42 toward the soil column test device 1, allowing the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 to be inserted into the conical opening of the rubber plug in the corresponding soil sampling window, thus allowing soil to enter the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45. Subsequently, the telescopic device 47 drives the bearing plate 43 to reset, and the rotating device 46 drives the conveyor belt 44 to move, thereby allowing the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 to move upwards in sequence, so that the soil samples collected by the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 can be manually collected.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] See Figures 2 to 3As shown, if there are two sets of support frames 41, the following are preferably arranged in the frame 42 of the upper support frame 41. Preferably, in this embodiment, a moving block 415 is slidably provided inside the frame 42 on the outside of the support plate 43. A turntable 49 is rotatably connected to the moving block 415 via a rotating shaft. Several sets of sample carrying containers 410 are embedded in a circular array on the top of the turntable 49. The number of sample carrying containers 410 is the same as the number of soil sampling windows. For example, if there are five sets of soil sampling windows, then there are five sample carrying containers 410 to classify and place the sampled soil samples. The outer circumference of the turntable 49 is provided with protrusions corresponding to the positions of the sample carrying containers 410. A top-moving control component 48 is inserted on the upper part to drive the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 to unload. The outer wall of the moving block 415 is connected to the inner wall of the outer side of the frame 42 through an elastic connector 424, such as a spring. The outer end of the frame 42 is provided with an electromagnetic block 414 that is electrically attracted to move the moving block 415 away from the soil column experimental device 1. The moving block 415 is made of magnetic material, for example, or its outer wall is embedded with a permanent magnet. After the electromagnetic block 414 is electrically attracted to move the moving block 415 to the outside to the preset position, the sample carrying container 410 and the turntable 49 will not affect the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 to be subsequently driven downward by the conveyor belt 44.

[0054] The top of a sample carrier 410 near the turntable 49 of the soil column test device 1 is directly opposite the end of a self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 that is transported to the top of the turntable 49 via the conveyor belt 44 and is away from the conveyor belt 44.

[0055] The working principle is as follows: After the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 is separated from the soil sampling window, the rotating device 46 drives the conveyor belt 44 to rotate clockwise. At this time, the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 is sequentially driven to the top of the turntable 49. As the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 continues to move downward, the corresponding push-type control component 48 causes the soil sample in the corresponding self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 to fall downward into the corresponding sample carrying container 410. Subsequently, by opening the electromagnetic block 414 to attract the moving block 415 to move outward, so that the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 continues to move downward with the conveyor belt 44.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] See Figures 4-7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 includes a mounting base 451 connected to the outer wall of the conveyor belt 44. A cylindrical body 452 for inserting a conical through-hole is horizontally provided on the side of the mounting base 451 away from the conveyor belt 44. An inclined edge is provided at the end of the cylindrical body 452 away from the mounting base 451. Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 It can be seen that the lower end of the hypotenuse is close to the center of the soil column test device 1, and the upper end is far away from the center of the soil column test device 1, so that the cylinder 452 can be better inserted into the soil for sampling.

[0058] An inner push block 453 adapted to the inner cavity of the cylinder 452 is movably provided at the cylinder opening. An inner push rod 456 is provided on the inner side of the inner push block 453. One end of the inner push rod 456 away from the inner push block 453 is inserted into one end of the L-shaped sealing cylinder 454. The L-shaped sealing cylinder 454 is fixedly installed in the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 and the mounting base 451. The other end of the L-shaped sealing cylinder 454 passes through the top of the mounting base 451 and is inserted inside it to contact an external push rod 455 for contacting a push-type control component 48 close to the soil column test device 1. The inner cavity of the L-shaped sealing cylinder 454 and the position between the external push rod 455 and the inner push rod 456 are filled with inert gas.

[0059] When the cylinder 452 is inserted into the soil, the soil enters the cylinder 452 and squeezes the inner push block 453. The inner push block 453 causes the inner push rod 456 to move in the L-shaped sealing cylinder 454 and squeeze the inert gas. In turn, the inert gas causes the outer push rod 455 to move upward.

[0060] Preferably, the push-type control component 48 in this embodiment includes a push rod 481 that is vertically and movably inserted into the protrusion for contacting the outer push rod 455. A spring 482 connected to the protrusion is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod 481. A ball is embedded in the top of the push rod 481. A limit block 413 is connected to the side of the moving block 415 facing the soil column test device 1. The limit block 413 moves with the moving block 415 so that it will not affect the subsequent downward transmission of the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 with the conveyor belt 44. A sensor 412 is provided on the top of the limit block 413 for receiving the pressure signal of the push rod 481 near the soil column test device 1. The sensor 412 is, for example, a pressure sensor. The sensor 412 is connected to the controller. The controller is provided with a timing module. The timing module is connected to the rotating device 46 and the electromagnetic block 414.

[0061] The working principle is as follows: When the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 moves above the turntable 49 with the conveyor belt 44, the outer push rod 455 in the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 corresponds to the push rod 481 at the push control component 48 near the soil column test device 1, and the push rod 481 also corresponds to the sensor 412. As it continues to move downward, the outer push rod 455 is squeezed into the L-shaped sealing cylinder 454, and the inner push block 453 moves in the cylinder 452 to discharge the soil in the cylinder 452 into the corresponding sample carrying container 410. After the outer push rod 455 moves to the final position, the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 continues to move downward, which will cause the push rod 481 to press down on the sensor 412 (specifically, by setting the elastic coefficient of the spring component 482, the outer push rod 455 moves first and the push rod 481 moves later, which will not be described in detail here).

[0062] Subsequently, when sensor 412 receives a pressure signal, it sends a control signal to the controller, causing the controller to energize the electromagnetic block 414. This stops the rotating device 46, preventing the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 from continuing to descend and causing contact between the cylinder 452 and the sample container 410. Simultaneously, the energization of the electromagnetic block 414 causes the moving block 415 to move outward, preventing obstruction of the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45's continued downward movement. The controller also controls the timing module. When the timing module reaches the first preset time, the controller controls the rotating device 46 to continue operating. When the second preset time is reached, the controller controls the electromagnetic block 414 to be de-energized. The first preset time is earlier than the second preset time. For example, the first preset time is 3 minutes and the second preset time is 4 minutes. When the timer reaches 3 minutes, the controller controls the rotating device 46 to continue working, so that the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 is driven downward. Then, after 1 minute, the controller controls the electromagnetic block 414 to be de-energized, so that the moving block 415 and the limiting block 413 are reset, so that the next self-unloading sampling cylinder 45 can perform the unloading work. In this way, the automated collection of soil samples is realized.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] See Figures 8-9 As shown, in order to allow soil samples taken by different self-unloading sampling cylinders 45 to enter the corresponding sample carrying container 410;

[0065] Preferably, in this embodiment, the bottom end of the shaft of the turntable 49 extends to the bottom of the movable block 415 and is fitted with a gear 416. A bearing is provided at the connection between the shaft and the movable block 415. A movable frame 417 extending along the long side of the frame 42 is provided on one side of the gear 416. A tooth segment 421 for meshing with the gear 416 is provided on one side of the movable frame 417. The tooth segment 421 is used to drive the gear 416 to rotate, so that another sample carrying container 410 on the turntable 49 corresponds to the self-unloading sampling cylinder 45. An elastic telescopic rod 419 connected to the limiting block 413 is provided vertically on one side of the movable frame 417. A pusher is provided at the bottom of the movable block 415. The outer end of the movable frame 417 and the outer end of the frame 42 are connected by an unlocking fastener.

[0066] As attached Figure 8 As shown, the pusher is used to drive the movable frame 417 to move outward after the movable block 415 moves inward and the tooth segment 421 and gear 416 separate. The unlocking fastener is used to fix the movable frame 417 and release the lock on the movable frame 417 when the movable block 415 moves outward and the gear 416 is at the outer end of the tooth segment 421, so that the movable frame 417 is reset under the drive of the elastic telescopic rod 419.

[0067] Preferably, the actuating member in this embodiment includes an L-shaped actuating member 420 fixed to the bottom of the movable block 415, and a wedge block 418 is slidably abutted on one side of the L-shaped actuating member 420. The wedge block 418 is fixedly mounted on the movable frame 417.

[0068] The working principle is as follows: when the electromagnetic block 414 is de-energized, the moving block 415 moves inward, and the gear 416 meshes with the tooth segment 421 and then separates. Subsequently, the L-shaped pusher 420 cooperates with the wedge block 418 to push the movable frame 417 to move, so that the movable frame 417 drives the tooth segment 421 to no longer be on the path of the moving block 415. At this time, the position of the movable frame 417 is fixed by the unlocked fixing part. When the moving block 415 moves outward in the future, the gear 416 will not be affected by the tooth segment 421.

[0069] Preferably, the unlocking fastener of this embodiment includes a telescopic member 422 that connects the movable frame 417 and the frame 42 and is located at the outer end of the frame 42. The outer side wall of the movable section of the telescopic member 422 is uniformly provided with an arc-shaped groove 423 along its length direction. The outer wall of the fixed section of the telescopic member 422 is fitted with a push plate 411. One side of the push plate 411 is connected to the outer end of the frame 42 by a spring. A locking post (with an arc-shaped end) that penetrates the outer wall of the fixed section of the telescopic member 422 and is adapted to the arc-shaped groove 423 is inserted into one side of the push plate 411. A pushing post 425 is provided on the side of the moving block 415 facing the push plate 411, which is used to push the push plate 411 so that the locking post disengages from the arc-shaped groove 423.

[0070] The working principle is as follows: Due to the cooperation between the arc-shaped groove 423 and the engaging column, the movable frame 417 moves under the action of the L-shaped pusher 420 and the wedge block 418, while pulling the movable section of the telescopic member 422 relative to its fixed section. When the L-shaped pusher 420 and the wedge block 418 are not in contact, a certain degree of fixation is provided, so that the movable section will not return to the fixed section. When the movable block 415 moves outward, the pushing column 425 first contacts the push plate 411, causing the engaging column to disengage from the arc-shaped groove 423. At this time, the movable frame 417 is reset under the action of the elastic telescopic rod 419. At this time, the toothed segment 421 returns to the path of meshing with the gear 416. When the movable block 415 moves inward in the subsequent movement, the gear 416 rotates under the action of the toothed segment 421.

[0071] The technical features of this invention not described can be implemented by or using existing technology, and will not be repeated here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation of this invention, and this invention is not limited to the examples above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of this invention should also be within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields, characterized in that, It includes a soil column leaching module, a spraying module, and a groundwater control module, with both the soil column leaching module and the groundwater control module located in an underground foundation pit; The soil column leaching module includes a soil column test device (1). Several sets of sensor devices (2) are inserted at equal intervals from top to bottom on one side wall of the soil column test device (1). The sensor devices (2) are electrically connected to the data acquisition device (3). The other side wall of the soil column experimental device (1) is provided with several sets of soil sampling windows at equal intervals from top to bottom. The soil sampling windows correspond one-to-one with the sensor device (2). A sampling device (4) for taking samples from the soil sampling windows is provided on one side of the soil column experimental device (1). The spraying module includes a spray pipe (9) with one end connected to a water storage tank and the other end extending to the top of the soil column test device (1). A pump body (10) is provided on the spray pipe (9). The groundwater control module includes a water supply Mauritius bottle (5), which is connected to the bottom of the soil column test device (1) through a water supply pipe (6). The water supply Mauritius bottle (5) is movable and mounted on a vertical track.

2. The device for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the soil column test device (1) is provided with a groundwater sampling port, and the bottom of the inner cavity of the soil column test device (1) is provided with a sponge layer and a quartz sand filter layer from top to bottom.

3. The apparatus for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water supply bottle (5) is provided with a locking device (8) for fixing to the track (7).

4. The apparatus for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling device (4) includes a support frame (41) fixedly installed on the outer wall of the soil column test device (1). A frame (42) is integrally provided on one side of the support frame (41). Vertical support plates (43) are symmetrically slidably provided on the inner walls of both sides of the frame (42). The support plates (43) are driven to move along the length direction of the frame (42) by a telescopic device (47) provided on the outer wall of the frame (42). The upper and lower ends of the two sets of bearing plates (43) are rotatably provided with shafts. The outer walls of the two sets of shafts are connected to a conveyor belt (44). One of the shafts is driven to rotate by a rotating device (46) located on the outer wall of a bearing plate (43). The outer wall of the conveyor belt (44) is provided with several sets of self-unloading sampling cylinders (45) that correspond one-to-one with the soil sampling windows. A rubber plug is fixedly installed inside the soil sampling window, and a conical opening is provided inside the rubber plug for the self-unloading sampling tube (45) to be inserted.

5. The apparatus for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 4, characterized in that, A movable block (415) is slidably provided inside the frame (42) on the outside of the support plate (43). A turntable (49) is rotatably connected to the movable block (415) via a rotating shaft. Several sets of sample carrier containers (410) are embedded in a circular array on the top of the turntable (49). The number of sample carrier containers (410) is the same as the number of soil sampling windows. The outer circumference of the turntable (49) is provided with a protrusion corresponding to the position of the sample carrying container (410). A push-type control component (48) for driving the self-unloading sampling cylinder to unload (45) is inserted on the protrusion. The outer side wall of the moving block (415) is connected to the outer inner wall of the frame (42) through an elastic connector (424). The outer end of the frame (42) is provided with an electromagnetic block (414) that is electrically attracted to move the moving block (415) away from the soil column experimental device. The top of a sample carrier container (410) near the turntable (49) of the soil column test device (1) corresponds to the end of a self-unloading sampling cylinder (45) that is transported to the top of the turntable (49) via a conveyor belt (44) away from the conveyor belt (44).

6. The apparatus for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 5, characterized in that, The self-unloading sampling cylinder (45) includes a mounting base (451) connected to the outer wall of the conveyor belt (44). The mounting base (451) is horizontally provided with a cylinder (452) for inserting a conical through-hole on the side away from the conveyor belt (44). The end of the cylinder (452) away from the mounting base (451) is provided with a bevel. The inner cavity of the cylinder (452) is movably provided with an inner push block (453) adapted to the inner cavity of the cylinder (452). The inner push block (453) is provided with an inner push rod (456) on its inner side. The end of the inner push rod (456) away from the inner push block (453) is inserted into one end of the L-shaped sealing cylinder (454). The L-shaped sealing cylinder (454) is fixedly installed inside the self-unloading sampling cylinder (45) and the mounting base (451). The other end of the L-shaped sealing cylinder (454) passes through the top of the mounting base (451) and an external push rod (455) is inserted inside it for contacting a push-type control component (48) near the soil column test device (1). The inner cavity of the L-shaped sealing cylinder (454) and the position between the external push rod (455) and the inner push rod (456) is filled with inert gas.

7. The apparatus for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 6, characterized in that, The push-type control component (48) includes a push rod (481) that is vertically and movably inserted into the protrusion for contacting the outer push rod (455). The outer wall of the push rod (481) is fitted with a spring (482) connected to the protrusion. A ball is embedded in the top of the push rod (481). The moving block (415) is connected to a limiting block (413) on the side facing the soil column test device (1). The limiting block (413) is provided with a sensor (412) on its top for receiving the pressure signal of the jacking rod (481) near the soil column test device (1). The sensor (412) is connected to a controller. The controller is provided with a timing module. The timing module is connected to the rotating device (46) and the electromagnetic block (414). When the sensor (412) receives the pressure signal, it sends a control signal to the controller, causing the controller to energize the electromagnetic block (414), stop the rotating device (46) from working, and control the timing module to time. When the timing module reaches the first preset time, the controller controls the rotating device (46) to continue working. When the timing module reaches the second preset time, the controller controls the electromagnetic block (414) to de-energize. The first preset time is earlier than the second preset time.

8. The apparatus for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom end of the shaft of the turntable (49) extends to the bottom of the movable block (415) and is fitted with a gear (416). A movable frame (417) extending along the long side of the frame (42) is provided on one side of the gear (416). A tooth segment (421) for meshing with the gear (416) is provided on one side of the movable frame (417). The movable frame (417) has an elastic telescopic rod (419) vertically connected to the limiting block (413) on one side, and a top actuating member is provided at the bottom of the moving block (415). The outer end of the movable frame (417) and the outer end of the frame (42) are connected by an unlocking fastener. The actuating member includes an L-shaped actuating member (420) fixed to the bottom of the movable block (415), and a wedge block (418) is slidably abutted on one side of the L-shaped actuating member (420), and the wedge block (418) is fixed on the movable frame (417).

9. The apparatus for simulating the vertical migration pattern of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields according to claim 8, characterized in that, The unlocking fastener includes a telescopic member (422) that connects the movable frame (417) and the frame (42) and is located at the outer end of the frame (42). The outer side wall of the movable section of the telescopic member (422) is uniformly provided with arc-shaped slots (423) along its length. The outer wall of the fixed section of the telescopic component (422) is fitted with a push plate (411). One side of the push plate (411) is connected to the outer end of the frame (42) by a spring. A locking post is inserted into one side of the push plate (411) that penetrates the outer wall of the fixed section of the telescopic component (422) and is adapted to the arc-shaped slot (423). The outer side of the movable block (415) is provided with a push column (425).

10. A simulation method for the apparatus for simulating the vertical migration patterns of surface pollutants in oil and gas fields as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation and positioning of the sampling device: The bearing plate (43) is driven to move within the frame (42) towards the soil column test device (1) by the telescopic device (47), so that the self-unloading sampling tube (45) is inserted into the conical opening of the rubber plug in the soil sampling window, in preparation for the collection of soil samples. Step 2, Soil Sample Collection and Transmission: Soil samples are collected using a self-unloading sampling tube (45). Then, the telescopic device (47) drives the bearing plate (43) to reset, and the rotating device (46) drives the conveyor belt (44) to transmit the self-unloading sampling tube (45) sequentially along the conveyor belt (44) to the top of the turntable (49) to prepare for sample unloading. Step 3: Soil sample unloading and container collection: When the self-unloading sampling cylinder (45) moves above the turntable (49), the top-moving control component (48) is activated, and the soil sample is unloaded into the corresponding sample carrying container (410) at the position corresponding to the self-unloading sampling cylinder (45), thus completing the automatic collection of the sample. Step 4: Controlling the transmission and reset of the conveyor belt and the electromagnetic block: After the sensor (412) detects the pressure signal of the push rod (481), the controller controls the rotating device (46) to stop working and energizes the electromagnetic block (414) to push the moving block (415) to move outward. Then, the timing module controls the rotating device (46) to continue working after the first preset time and de-energizes the moving block (415) after the second preset time to reset it, ensuring the coordination of sampling and transmission. Step 5: Gear and tooth segment meshing and movable frame reset: When the electromagnetic block (414) is de-energized and the moving block (415) moves inward, the gear (416) meshes or disengages with the tooth segment (421). The movable frame (417) cooperates with the wedge block (418) through the L-shaped pusher (420) to ensure that the tooth segment (421) is reset to the path of the moving block (415), so that the gear (416) can rotate normally in subsequent movements. Step 6: Automated collection of soil samples and reset of transmission device: After the sample unloading is completed, the self-unloading sampling tube (45) continues to move downward under the drive of the conveyor belt (44). The electromagnetic block (414) is energized to make the moving block (415) move outward to avoid blocking the next round of sampling. With the restart of the rotating device (46), a new round of sample collection and automated collection is carried out.

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