Energy accumulator
By setting up energy storage carrier layers with different particle sizes and radial distributors inside the accumulator, the problem of low heat transfer efficiency of solid carriers is solved, achieving efficient energy cascade storage and heat transfer, and improving the energy storage efficiency and power of the accumulator.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA ENERGY INVESTMENT CORP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-08
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the heat transfer efficiency of solid carriers inside accumulators is low, and it takes a long time for the fluid and solid carrier to exchange heat.
A primary energy storage carrier layer and a secondary energy storage carrier layer are set inside the accumulator. The particle size of the secondary energy storage carrier layer is smaller than that of the primary energy storage carrier layer. The fluid first exchanges heat with the primary energy storage carrier layer and then with the secondary energy storage carrier layer. Combined with a radial distributor, the turbulence of the fluid and the heat transfer efficiency are improved.
It improves heat transfer efficiency, broadens the upper limit of the accumulator's operational flexibility, enhances energy storage efficiency and power, reduces heat exchange dead zone, and improves the uniform distribution of fluid in the cavity and heat transfer time.
Smart Images
Figure CN122000580A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more specifically, to an energy storage device. Background Technology
[0002] The carrier inside an accumulator can be classified into solid, liquid, and phase change carriers according to its phase state. Solid carriers are simple to operate and have low cost, and are therefore the most widely used.
[0003] In related technologies, the solid carrier is generally fixed inside the accumulator (i.e., it cannot move inside the accumulator), and the fluid needs a long time to achieve the heat exchange requirements with the solid carrier, resulting in low heat transfer efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an energy storage device to solve the technical problems existing in the related art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this disclosure provides an energy storage device, including an energy storage unit, wherein the energy storage unit includes: A housing having an interior cavity, and an inlet and an outlet formed on the housing communicating with the cavity; A primary energy storage carrier layer, the primary energy storage carrier layer comprising a plurality of primary solid particles, the plurality of primary solid particles being disposed within the cavity to form a primary energy storage carrier layer having a first thickness; A secondary energy storage carrier layer, comprising a plurality of secondary solid particles disposed within the cavity to form a secondary energy storage carrier layer having a second thickness, wherein the secondary energy storage carrier layer is stacked above the primary energy storage carrier layer and located downstream of the primary energy storage carrier layer; The particle size of the secondary solid particles is smaller than that of the primary solid particles.
[0006] Optionally, the diameter of the cavity gradually increases along the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the cavity.
[0007] Optionally, the energy storage unit further includes a three-stage energy storage carrier layer, which includes multiple three-stage solid particles disposed in the cavity to form a three-stage energy storage carrier layer with a third thickness. The tertiary energy storage carrier layer is located downstream of the secondary energy storage carrier layer and is spaced apart from the secondary energy storage carrier layer, and the particle size of the tertiary solid particles is the same as that of the primary solid particles.
[0008] Optionally, the housing includes a first section, a second section, and a third section, with the second section connected between the first section and the third section. The primary energy storage carrier layer and the secondary energy storage carrier layer are disposed within the first section, and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer is disposed within the third section. The inlet is formed on the first section, and the outlet is formed on the third section. Along the direction from the inlet to the outlet, the inner diameter of the second section gradually increases.
[0009] Optionally, the energy storage unit further includes a radial distributor disposed within the cavity and used to enhance the activity of the secondary solid particles of the secondary energy storage carrier layer in the radial direction of the shell.
[0010] Optionally, the radial distributor includes a diversion pipe that is connected to the fluid input end of the accumulator. The diversion pipe is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart diversion holes and is arranged circumferentially around the inner wall of the housing.
[0011] Optionally, the diversion hole is inclined upwards.
[0012] Optionally, the energy storage device includes a plurality of energy storage units, wherein the outlet of the upstream energy storage unit is connected to the inlet of the midstream energy storage unit, and the outlet of the midstream energy storage unit is connected to the inlet of the downstream energy storage unit.
[0013] Optionally, the first thickness is greater than the second thickness.
[0014] Optionally, the dimension of the cavity in the height direction is greater than the sum of the first thickness and the second thickness.
[0015] Through the above technical solution, since a primary energy storage carrier layer and a secondary energy storage carrier layer are set in the cavity, and the particle size of the secondary solid particles in the secondary energy storage carrier layer is smaller than that of the primary solid particles in the primary energy storage carrier layer, when the fluid enters the cavity from the shell inlet, it will first exchange heat with the primary solid particles in the lower primary energy storage carrier layer. At the same time, the primary energy storage carrier acts as a fluid distributor for the secondary solid particles, making the heat exchange in the secondary carrier more uniform and reducing the heat exchange "dead zone" in the secondary carrier. After exchanging heat with the primary solid particles, the fluid continues to flow towards the secondary energy storage carrier layer and exchange heat with the secondary solid particles. In this way, the secondary energy storage carrier layer can absorb heat from the fluid a second time after exchanging heat with the fluid in the primary energy storage carrier layer, thereby achieving cascade storage of energy in the fluid and improving energy storage efficiency.
[0016] Furthermore, when the fluid velocity is high, because the particle size of the secondary solid particles is smaller than that of the primary solid particles, when the fluid passes through and exchanges heat with the primary solid particles, the primary solid particles, due to their larger size (and greater weight), do not move with the fluid flow. However, the secondary solid particles, driven by the high-velocity fluid, can move and diffuse within the cavity under the influence of the fluid, thus increasing the turbulence of the fluid. The higher flow velocity, coupled with axial and radial motion, results in a higher heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, in turbulent conditions, heat can be transferred more quickly, improving heat transfer efficiency and shortening the heat transfer time. This broadens the upper limit of the accumulator's operational flexibility. In other words, under higher flow velocities, the movement of the secondary solid particles significantly increases heat transfer efficiency, ultimately leading to a substantial increase in the accumulator's power.
[0017] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage unit provided in the first exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, wherein the fluid is in a low-speed flow state; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage unit provided in the first exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, wherein the fluid is in a high-speed flow state; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage unit provided in a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the fluid is in a low-speed flow state; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage unit provided in a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the fluid is in a high-speed flow state; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage unit provided in a third exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, wherein the fluid is in a low-speed flow state; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage unit provided in a third exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, wherein the fluid is in a high-speed flow state; Figure 7 This is a partial perspective view of the energy storage unit provided in the third exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage device consisting of two energy storage units provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the fluid is in a high-speed flow state.
[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 10-Energy storage unit; 11-Shell; 110-Cavity; 111-Inlet; 112-Outlet; 113-First stage; 114-Second stage; 115-Third stage; 12-Primary energy storage carrier layer; 120-Primary solid particles; 13-Secondary energy storage carrier layer; 130-Secondary solid particles; 14-Tertiary energy storage carrier layer; 140-Tertiary solid particles; 15-Radial distributor; 150-Diverter pipe; 151-Diverter hole; 16-Supporting orifice plate; 160-Opening. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.
[0021] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," and "right" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or a specific orientation structure and operation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. The terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of the corresponding structures.
[0022] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms used, such as "first" and "second," are used to distinguish one element from another and do not indicate sequence or importance. Furthermore, in the description referring to the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals in different drawings denote the same element.
[0023] In the description of this disclosure, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connect," "link," and "install" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.
[0024] refer to Figures 1 to 8As shown, this disclosure provides an energy storage device, including an energy storage unit 10. The energy storage unit 10 includes a shell 11, a primary energy storage carrier layer 12, and a secondary energy storage carrier layer 13. The shell 11 has a cavity 110 inside, and an inlet 111 and an outlet 112 communicating with the cavity 110 are formed on the shell 11. The primary energy storage carrier layer 12 includes a plurality of primary solid particles 120, which are disposed in the cavity 110 to form a primary energy storage carrier layer 12 with a first thickness. The secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 includes a plurality of secondary solid particles 130, which are disposed in the cavity 110 to form a secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 with a second thickness. The secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 is stacked above the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 and located downstream of the primary energy storage carrier layer 12. The particle size of the secondary solid particles 130 is smaller than that of the primary solid particles 120.
[0025] Through the above technical solution, since a primary energy storage carrier layer 12 and a secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 are provided in the cavity 110, and the particle size of the secondary solid particles 130 in the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 is smaller than that of the primary solid particles 120 in the primary energy storage carrier layer 12, when the fluid enters the cavity 110 from the inlet 111 of the shell 11, it will first exchange heat with the primary solid particles 120 of the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 located below. After exchanging heat with the primary solid particles 120, it will continue to flow toward the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 and exchange heat with the secondary solid particles 130. In this way, the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 can act as a fluid distributor for the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13, evenly distributing the fluid and reducing the heat exchange "dead zone" of the secondary carrier. At the same time, the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 can absorb heat from the fluid a second time after exchanging heat with the fluid in the primary energy storage carrier layer 12, thereby realizing the cascade storage of energy in the fluid and improving energy storage efficiency.
[0026] Furthermore, when the fluid velocity is high, because the particle size of the secondary solid particles 130 is smaller than that of the primary solid particles 120, when the fluid passes through and exchanges heat with the primary solid particles 120, the primary solid particles 120, due to their larger particle size (and greater weight), will not move with the fluid flow. However, for the secondary solid particles 130, driven by the high-velocity fluid, the smaller-sized (and lighter-weight) primary solid particles 120 can move and diffuse within the cavity 110 under the influence of the fluid, thereby increasing the turbulence of the fluid. The flow velocity is high, and there is both axial and radial motion, resulting in a higher heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, in the turbulent state, heat can be transferred more quickly, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency, shortening the heat transfer time, and widening the upper limit of the accumulator's operational flexibility. In other words, under the action of high flow velocity, the heat transfer efficiency increases significantly due to the movement of the primary solid particles 120, ultimately leading to a significant increase in the accumulator's power.
[0027] To ensure uniform fluid distribution within the cavity 110 during flow, related technologies typically employ orifice plates along the cross-sectional direction of the cavity 110. While these orifice plates provide a pressure drop for the fluid, they also occupy space within the cavity 110, reducing the heat exchange space per unit volume. Furthermore, the fluid exchanges heat with the orifice plate as it flows through it, resulting in heat loss. In this application, the primary solid particles 12 within the primary energy storage carrier layer 12... The larger particle size of the 0 particles ensures that the fluid remains stationary as it flows through them. As the fluid flows out through the gaps between adjacent primary solid particles 120, the primary solid particles 120 not only act as a heat exchange carrier with the fluid, but also uniformly distribute the fluid, provide a pressure drop, and reduce the space occupied by the orifice plate in the cavity 110. This increases the integration of the energy storage unit 10 and the volume ratio of the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 and the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13, further improving the energy storage capacity and heat exchange efficiency of the energy storage device.
[0028] In this disclosure, the energy storage device mentioned above can be a cold storage device or a heat storage device, and this disclosure does not limit it.
[0029] A space of 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the height of the shell 11 should be left above the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 so that the secondary solid particles 130 in the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 have sufficient expansion space during movement and fluidization.
[0030] For the secondary solid particles 130 located near the inner wall of the shell 11, due to the influence of the inner wall, the movement of these secondary solid particles 130 tends to be relatively slow or they remain stationary. Based on this, in other embodiments provided in this disclosure, such as... Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the diameter of cavity 110 gradually increases along the direction from inlet 111 to outlet 112. That is to say, the shell 11 can also be formed as larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. In this way, during the fluid flow from bottom to top, the upper-larger-lower-smaller cavity 110 can force the secondary solid particles 130 near the inner wall of the shell 11 to accelerate downward, which can further improve the heat exchange efficiency and power limit of the accumulator. At the same time, the gradually expanding structure will reduce the velocity of the fluid at the top of the accumulator, making it less likely that the fragments generated by the impact of the secondary solid particles 130 will be carried out of the accumulator.
[0031] In one exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the angle between the sidewall of the shell 11 and the vertical plane should be greater than the angle of repose of the secondary solid particles 130, which is 15° to 20°.
[0032] Furthermore, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the energy storage unit 10 may further include a tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14, which includes a plurality of tertiary solid particles 140. The plurality of tertiary solid particles 140 are disposed in the cavity 110 to form a tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 with a third thickness. The tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 is located downstream of the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 and is spaced apart from the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13. The particle size of the tertiary solid particles 140 is the same as that of the primary solid particles 120. Since the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 is located downstream of the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 and spaced apart from it, when the fluid velocity is high, the secondary solid particles 130 of the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 move away from the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 under the action of the fluid (i.e., towards the gap between the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14), thereby achieving heat transfer with the fluid. After the fluid has completed heat transfer with the secondary solid particles 130, as it flows out of the shell 11 through the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 from the outlet 112, the smaller particle powder generated by the mutual movement and collision of the secondary solid particles 130 will enter the random irregular channels inside the larger tertiary solid particles 140 when it flows through the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 with the fluid. This filters out the smaller particle powder carried out by the fluid in the fluidized bed, preventing the particle powder from flowing out of the shell 11 and affecting the subsequent moving equipment.
[0033] In order to support the third-level energy storage carrier layer 14, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the energy storage unit 10 may further include a support orifice plate 16, on which a plurality of openings 160 are formed. The diameter and orifice ratio of the openings 160 in the support orifice plate 16 should be as large as possible to reduce the pressure drop on the fluid. It should be noted that the diameter of the openings 160 in the support orifice plate 16 should be smaller than the particle size of the tertiary solid particles 140 to prevent the tertiary solid particles 140 from falling out of the openings 160.
[0034] The thickness of the aforementioned three-stage energy storage carrier layer 14 should be determined according to the amount of broken particles to be filtered and the tail energy to be recovered. In an exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the thickness of the three-stage energy storage carrier layer 14 is 0.1 to 0.5 times the thickness of the cold storage bed (first-stage energy storage carrier layer 12 and second-stage energy storage carrier layer 13).
[0035] In one exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the opening ratio of the support plate 16 is 0.5 to 0.7.
[0036] In addition, the tertiary energy storage layer 14, located downstream of the secondary energy storage layer 13, can transfer heat to the fluid after heat exchange with the primary energy storage layer 12 and the secondary energy storage layer 13, and absorb the waste heat that was not absorbed in the fluidized bed.
[0037] Furthermore, the specific types of the primary solid particles 120, secondary solid particles 130, and tertiary solid particles 140 mentioned above in this disclosure are not limited, as long as the corresponding heat transfer effect can be achieved. For example, in an exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the primary solid particles 120, secondary solid particles 130, and tertiary solid particles 140 can all be made of quartz sand. Quartz sand has high heat capacity and good texture, and is inexpensive and readily available, thus having a high cost-performance ratio.
[0038] In this disclosure, the particle size of the primary solid particles 120 and the tertiary solid particles 140 (large-diameter particles) should preferably be about 10 times the particle size of the secondary solid particles 130 (small-diameter particles). In an exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the particle size of the primary solid particles 120 and the tertiary solid particles 140 is 1 cm to 5 cm. This ensures that the primary solid particles 120 and the tertiary solid particles 140 have sufficient weight to prevent them from moving excessively with the fluid, while also achieving better heat transfer efficiency.
[0039] Correspondingly, the particle size of the secondary solid particles 130 is 0.1cm to 0.5cm, which allows the relatively small secondary solid particles 130 to move along with the fluid when the fluid reaches a certain velocity.
[0040] Optionally, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the housing 11 may include a first segment 113, a second segment 114, and a third segment 115. The second segment 114 is connected between the first segment 113 and the third segment 115. The primary energy storage carrier layer 12 and the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 are disposed in the first segment 113, and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 is disposed in the third segment 115. The inlet 111 is formed on the first segment 113, and the outlet 112 is formed on the third segment 115. Along the direction from the inlet 111 to the outlet 112, the inner diameter of the second segment 114 gradually increases. In other words, the inner diameter of the second section 114, which is located between the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14, gradually increases. In this way, when the fluid flows from the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 to the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 (i.e., from the first section 113 to the second end) after exchanging heat with the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13, the fluid will slow down in the second section 114 with its gradually increasing inner diameter. This reduces the speed at which the fluid enters the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14, thereby increasing the heat transfer time between the fluid and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 and making it easier for the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 to absorb and filter small-sized powder particles.
[0041] The inner diameter of the second segment 114 is 1.2 to 2 times the inner diameter of the first segment 113, and the height of the second segment 114 is 1 / 3 times the height of the shell 11.
[0042] During the flow of fluid within the cavity 110, poor fluidization can easily occur in the carrier layer near the inner wall of the shell 11. Therefore, in one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the energy storage unit 10 may further include a radial distributor 15. The radial distributor 15 is disposed within the cavity 110 and is used to enhance the activity of the secondary solid particles 130 of the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 in the radial direction of the shell 11. Thus, by providing the radial distributor 15, on the one hand, the fluid distribution across the cross-section of the shell 11 can be made more uniform, thereby helping to increase the contact area between the fluid and the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 and the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13, thereby improving the mass transfer rate.
[0043] Since the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 remains fixed, in this disclosure, the radial distributor 15 can be positioned between the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 and the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13. This allows the fluid, after flowing out from the radial distributor 15, to directly impact and purge the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 located above the primary energy storage carrier layer 12. This further enhances the movement range and amplitude of the secondary solid particles 130, resulting in more vigorous movement and better heat exchange. Furthermore, it does not affect the normal heat exchange of the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 or the pressure drop of the fluid.
[0044] This disclosure does not limit the specific structure and fluid distribution method of the radial distributor 15 described above. For example, in one embodiment provided in this disclosure, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the radial distributor 15 may include a diversion pipe 150, which is connected to the fluid input end of the accumulator. The diversion pipe 150 is provided with multiple spaced-apart diversion holes 151 and is circumferentially arranged on the inner wall of the housing 11. Thus, when the radial distributor 15 is operating, fluid flows into the diversion pipe 150 and out through the multiple spaced-apart diversion holes 151, flowing to the bottom of the secondary solid particles 130. The radial movement of the secondary solid particles 130 becomes more active, further increasing the heat transfer efficiency of the bubbling fluidized bed (typically, bubbling fluidized beds exhibit more significant axial movement and relatively weaker radial movement), thereby enabling the fluid to be distributed more uniformly across the cross-section of the cavity 110, effectively increasing the contact area between the fluid and the secondary solid particles 130.
[0045] The jet velocity of the diversion orifice 151 of the radial distributor 15 is between 1 m / s and 10 m / s; the fluid of the radial distributor 15 is diverted from the main flow at the bottom, and the ratio of the fluid flow rate of the radial distributor 15 to the fluid flow rate flowing in from the inlet 111 is between 1:10 and 1:1.
[0046] Optionally, the diversion hole 151 is inclined upwards. In this way, when the fluid flows out of the diversion hole 151, it also flows in an upward direction, which makes it easier for the fluid to drive the secondary solid particles 130 to move away from the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 located below it, so as to further enhance the radial flow state of the secondary solid particles 130 in the shell 11 and achieve the purpose of improving heat exchange efficiency.
[0047] In one exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the angle between the inclined direction of the above-mentioned diversion hole 151 and the horizontal direction is 0°~30°. In this way, it can provide an upward component force for the upward flow of the secondary solid particles 130 and a radial component force for the fluid, thereby improving the turbulence and heat exchange efficiency of the fluid.
[0048] Optionally, such as Figure 8 As shown, the energy storage device can include multiple energy storage units 10. The outlet 112 of the upstream energy storage unit 10 is connected to the inlet 111 of the midstream energy storage unit 10, and the outlet 112 of the midstream energy storage unit 10 is connected to the inlet 111 of the downstream energy storage unit 10. In this way, after the fluid has exchanged heat with the primary energy storage carrier layer 12, the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13, and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 in the upstream energy storage unit 10, it flows out from the outlet 112 of the upstream energy storage unit 10 and enters the midstream energy storage unit 10. After exchanging heat with the primary energy storage carrier layer 12, the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13, and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer 14 in the midstream energy storage unit 10, it enters the downstream energy storage unit 10 and exchanges heat with it, thereby forming a multi-stage energy storage device that accumulates energy in stages from high to low grade to improve the utilization rate of low-grade energy.
[0049] Furthermore, in the above process, after the fluid from the upper stage flows out from the top outlet 112 of the upstream energy storage unit 10, it enters the bottom inlet 111 of the next stage energy storage unit 10. An additional benefit of this cascade is that the large-diameter solid particles (first-stage solid particles 120) at the bottom of the next stage energy storage unit 10 can act as a filter for the fluid flowing out of the upper stage energy storage unit 10, further reducing the impact of small-diameter particles that break apart during the heat transfer process.
[0050] In the above heat transfer process, after the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 absorbs a large amount of heat from the fluid, the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13 absorbs the residual heat from the fluid again. Therefore, in order to improve the heat transfer efficiency, the first thickness is greater than the second thickness. That is to say, the thickness of the primary energy storage carrier layer 12 is greater than that of the secondary energy storage carrier layer 13, which allows the fluid to have enough time to transfer heat with the primary solid particles 120 when flowing through the primary energy storage carrier layer 12, thereby improving the heat transfer effect.
[0051] Optionally, in one embodiment provided in this disclosure, the first thickness is greater than or equal to twice the second thickness. If the ratio of the sum of the first thickness and the second thickness to the diameter of the shell 11 is too high, it may cause abnormal fluidization; if the ratio of the sum of the first thickness and the second thickness to the diameter of the shell 11 is too low, the bed is too shallow, which may also easily lead to abnormal operation. Based on this, in an exemplary embodiment provided in this disclosure, the ratio of the sum of the first thickness and the second thickness to the inner diameter of the shell 11 is 1:1 to 4:1.
[0052] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.
[0053] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.
[0054] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.
Claims
1. An energy storage device, characterized in that, Includes an energy storage unit, the energy storage unit comprising: A housing having an interior cavity, and an inlet and an outlet formed on the housing communicating with the cavity; A primary energy storage carrier layer, the primary energy storage carrier layer comprising a plurality of primary solid particles, the plurality of primary solid particles being disposed within the cavity to form a primary energy storage carrier layer having a first thickness; A secondary energy storage carrier layer, comprising a plurality of secondary solid particles disposed within the cavity to form a secondary energy storage carrier layer having a second thickness, wherein the secondary energy storage carrier layer is stacked above the primary energy storage carrier layer and located downstream of the primary energy storage carrier layer; The particle size of the secondary solid particles is smaller than that of the primary solid particles.
2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the cavity gradually increases along the direction from the inlet to the outlet of the cavity.
3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage unit also includes a three-stage energy storage carrier layer, which includes multiple three-stage solid particles. The multiple three-stage solid particles are disposed in the cavity to form a three-stage energy storage carrier layer with a third thickness. The tertiary energy storage carrier layer is located downstream of the secondary energy storage carrier layer and is spaced apart from the secondary energy storage carrier layer, and the particle size of the tertiary solid particles is the same as that of the primary solid particles.
4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shell includes a first section, a second section, and a third section. The second section is connected between the first section and the third section. The primary energy storage carrier layer and the secondary energy storage carrier layer are disposed in the first section, and the tertiary energy storage carrier layer is disposed in the third section. The inlet is formed on the first section, and the outlet is formed on the third section. Along the direction from the inlet to the outlet, the inner diameter of the second section gradually increases.
5. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The energy storage unit also includes a radial distributor, which is disposed in the cavity and is used to enhance the activity of the secondary solid particles of the secondary energy storage carrier layer in the radial direction of the shell.
6. The energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The radial distributor includes a diversion pipe that is connected to the fluid input end of the accumulator. The diversion pipe is provided with a plurality of spaced diversion holes and is arranged circumferentially around the inner wall of the housing.
7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diversion hole is inclined upwards.
8. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes a plurality of energy storage units, wherein the outlet of the upstream energy storage unit is connected to the inlet of the midstream energy storage unit, and the outlet of the midstream energy storage unit is connected to the inlet of the downstream energy storage unit.
9. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first thickness is greater than the second thickness.
10. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The cavity has a dimension in the height direction that is greater than the sum of the first thickness and the second thickness.