Step planing and milling device and planing and milling machine for pavement engineering

Abstract

The invention provides a step planing and milling device for pavement engineering and a planing and milling machine, belongs to the field of pavement planing and milling, and aims to solve the problems that a planing and milling machine cannot carry out side surface step planing and milling at a joint of a new road and an old road, so that the joint is poor in bonding quality and easy to damage. Comprising a mounting base, a transverse adjusting unit, a swinging execution unit, a lateral planing and milling head and a spraying unit, through cooperative cooperation of the transverse adjusting unit and the swing executing unit, the position and angle of the lateral milling head in the horizontal direction (transverse direction) and the vertical direction (depth) can be accurately controlled, so that the lateral milling head can stably and regularly mill a step structure on the side face of an old road, and the problems that a traditional milling machine can only mill a whole plane, and the milling efficiency is low are solved. And high-quality joint treatment cannot be completed under special working conditions such as half-range passing and connection of new and old roads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of road milling, and in particular relates to a step milling device and milling machine for road engineering. Background Technology

[0002] A milling machine, also known as a road shredder, typically comprises a milling system. This system includes milling drums with multiple teeth. The milling drums are powered from an engine via a hydraulic or other structure to perform milling operations on the road surface. The road surface is torn apart by the rotational movement of the milling drums against the surface, using the insertion and tearing action of the drums. The rotation of the milling drums also deposits material from the fractured surface onto a primary conveyor. A main conveyor transfers the material from the primary conveyor to a secondary conveyor, which then transports the material to nearby haulage vehicles.

[0003] However, due to limitations in its structure and working method, traditional milling machines can only perform overall planar milling of roads, and cannot complete fine joint treatment under special conditions such as half-width road traffic or the connection between new and old roads. Especially at the joint between new and old roads, existing equipment is unable to mill regular and reliable step structures on the side of the old road, resulting in insufficient bonding strength in the joint area and easy stress concentration, which in turn affects the overall smoothness and long-term service performance of the road surface, becoming a key bottleneck restricting the quality of road repair. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a step milling device and milling machine for road engineering, which solves the problem that the existing milling machine cannot perform side step milling at the joint between new and old roads, resulting in poor joint bonding quality and easy damage.

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a step milling device for road engineering, comprising: a mounting base, a lateral adjustment unit, a swing execution unit, a lateral milling head, and a spraying unit; the mounting base is fixed to a side wall of the milling machine body parallel to the forward direction; the lateral adjustment unit includes a sliding seat and a lateral drive mechanism, the sliding seat being slidably mounted on the mounting base, and the lateral drive mechanism being used to drive the sliding seat to reciprocate along a horizontal direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the milling machine, so as to achieve lateral positioning of the lateral milling head in the horizontal plane; the swing execution unit includes a robotic arm and a swing drive mechanism, one end of the robotic arm being hinged to the sliding seat, and the swing drive mechanism being used to drive the robotic arm to swing about its hinge axis in a vertical plane; the lateral milling head includes a milling housing, a milling roller, and a rotary drive mechanism, the milling housing being mounted on the free end of the robotic arm away from the sliding seat; the milling roller being located inside the milling housing and rotatably connected to the milling housing; the rotary drive mechanism being used to drive the milling roller to rotate about its own axis; and the spraying unit being used to spray water into the milling housing.

[0006] Optionally, the lateral drive mechanism includes a lateral hydraulic drive component and at least one lateral guide component; the mounting base has a U-shaped structure with a receiving space; the two ends of the lateral guide component are respectively fixed to two opposite side walls of the mounting base and laterally penetrate the sliding seat, the sliding seat and the lateral guide component forming a sliding fit; the fixed end of the lateral hydraulic drive component is set on the mounting base, and its movable end extends into the receiving space and is connected to the sliding seat, which is used to drive the sliding seat to move axially along the lateral guide component.

[0007] Optionally, the swing drive mechanism is a swing hydraulic drive, the fixed end of which is hinged to the sliding seat, and its output end is hinged to the middle or free end of the robotic arm. The swing hydraulic drive is used to drive the robotic arm to swing around its hinge axis in a vertical plane.

[0008] Optionally, the rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary hydraulic drive component and a reducer; the fixed end of the rotary hydraulic drive component is connected to the free end of the robotic arm, and its output shaft is connected to the input end of the reducer; the output end of the reducer is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the milling drum, and is used to drive the milling drum to rotate.

[0009] Optionally, the spraying unit includes a water supply pipeline, an opening and closing assembly, a first nozzle group, and a second nozzle group. The opening and closing assembly is disposed on the outer side of the milling machine housing, and the water supply pipeline is used to connect the opening and closing assembly to an external water source. The opening and closing assembly is connected to the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group through the pipeline. The opening and closing assembly is also connected to the rotating shaft of the milling machine drum. Both the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group are disposed on the milling machine housing, and their water outlets face inward towards the inside of the milling machine housing. The opening and closing assembly is configured such that when the milling machine drum rotates to the first phase, the opening and closing assembly connects the first nozzle group and the water supply pipeline; when the milling machine drum rotates to the second phase, the opening and closing assembly connects the second nozzle group and the water supply pipeline.

[0010] Optionally, the milling roller is circumferentially alternately provided with multiple sets of first milling tooth groups and multiple sets of second milling tooth groups; the first milling tooth group includes multiple first milling teeth arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the milling roller, and the second milling tooth group includes multiple second milling teeth arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the milling roller; the cutting ends of the milling teeth in the same group are located on the same cylindrical surface; the radius of the cylindrical surface where the cutting end of the first milling tooth is located is larger than the radius of the cylindrical surface where the cutting end of the second milling tooth is located; the second milling tooth of the second milling tooth group corresponds to two adjacent first milling teeth of the first milling tooth group. The gaps between the milling teeth; the water outlets of each nozzle in the first nozzle group are respectively aligned with the second milling teeth in the second milling tooth group; the water outlets of each nozzle in the second nozzle group are respectively aligned with the first milling teeth in the first milling tooth group; the transmission connection between the opening and closing assembly and the milling roller is specifically configured as follows: when the milling roller rotates to the first working phase in which the second milling tooth group contacts and cuts the road surface, the first nozzle group is activated; when it rotates to the second working phase in which the first milling tooth group contacts and cuts the road surface, the second nozzle group is activated.

[0011] Optionally, the opening and closing assembly includes a cam, a trigger, a reset element, a guide seat, a first water circuit switch, and a second water circuit switch. The cam is coaxially fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the milling drum. The cam has multiple recesses and multiple ridges alternately arranged along its circumference. The contour positions of the recesses correspond to the first working phase of the milling drum, and the contour positions of the ridges correspond to the second working phase. The guide seat is fixedly mounted on the milling shell. The trigger is slidably mounted on the guide seat along its axial direction, with one end in contact with the outer contour of the cam. The reset element is connected to the trigger and provides a pressure that keeps the trigger pressed against the circumference of the cam. Elastic preload; the inlet of the first water circuit switch is connected to the water supply pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the pipeline leading to the first nozzle assembly; the inlet of the second water circuit switch is connected to the water supply pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the pipeline leading to the second nozzle assembly; the trigger is connected to the first water circuit switch and the second water circuit switch, and is configured such that: when it is in the first working phase corresponding to the recessed portion as it rotates with the cam, it triggers and opens the first water circuit switch, while the second water circuit switch is in the closed state; when it is in the second working phase corresponding to the raised portion, it triggers and opens the second water circuit switch, while the first water circuit switch is in the closed state.

[0012] Optionally, the trigger is connected to the first water circuit switch and the second water circuit switch via a crank-connecting rod mechanism.

[0013] Optionally, the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group are located on the front side of the milling drum in the forward direction.

[0014] On the other hand, a milling machine is also provided, including a machine body and a step milling device for road engineering as described above, wherein the mounting base of the step milling device for road engineering is disposed on a side wall of the machine body parallel to the forward direction.

[0015] As described above, the step milling device and milling machine for road engineering of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: Through the coordinated operation of the lateral adjustment unit and the swing execution unit, the position and angle of the lateral milling head in the horizontal (lateral) and vertical (depth) directions can be precisely controlled, enabling it to stably and regularly mill step structures on the side of old roads. This solves the problem that traditional milling machines can only mill the entire plane and cannot complete high-quality joint treatment under special working conditions such as half-width traffic and the connection between new and old roads.

[0016] By setting up a spraying unit to spray water into the milling housing during the milling process, the rotating milling teeth can be effectively cooled, extending their service life. At the same time, the water mist can suppress the dust generated during milling, improve visibility and environmental conditions at the construction site, and meet the requirements of green construction. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shown is an angled structural schematic of a step milling device for road engineering according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another angle of the step milling device for road engineering according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 Displayed as Figure 1 An enlarged diagram of point A in the diagram.

[0020] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the first vibration damping unit.

[0021] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the first vibration damping unit, omitting the first and second guide sleeves.

[0022] Figure 6 Displayed as Figure 1 An enlarged diagram of point B in the diagram.

[0023] Figure 7 The diagram shows an angled structural schematic of the first and second nozzle groups.

[0024] Figure 8 The diagram shows an angled structural schematic of the first and second nozzle groups.

[0025] Component designation explanation: 1. Install the base; 2. Lateral adjustment unit; 21. Sliding seat; 22. Lateral drive mechanism; 221. Lateral hydraulic drive component; 222. Lateral guide component; 3. Swinging execution unit; 31. Robotic arm; 32. Swinging drive mechanism; 321. Blocking assembly; 3211. Blocking plate; 32111. U-shaped groove; 32112. Limiting part; 3212. Sliding part. 4. Side milling head; 41. Milling housing; 42. Milling roller; 421. First milling gear group; 422. Second milling gear group; 43. Rotary drive mechanism. 5. First vibration damping unit; 51. Limiting seat; 52. Connecting part; 53. Fixing part; 6. Second vibration damping unit; 61. Mounting base; 62. Sliding rod; 63. Limiting component; 64. Fixed base; 65. Elastic component; 66. Guide wheel; 67. First guide sleeve; 68. Second guide sleeve. 7. Spraying unit; 71. Water supply pipeline; 72. Opening and closing assembly; 721. Cam; 7211. Recess; 7212. Raised part; 722. Trigger; 723. Reset part; 724. Guide seat; 725. First water circuit switch; 726. Second water circuit switch; 73. First nozzle assembly; 74. Second nozzle assembly; 75. Nozzle mounting base; 76. Adapter. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0027] Please refer to all the accompanying drawings below. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0028] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. These embodiments can be combined and are not limited to the content shown in any single embodiment below.

[0029] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a step milling device for road engineering, which includes a mounting base 1, a lateral adjustment unit 2, a swing execution unit 3, and a lateral milling head 4.

[0030] Mounting base 1 is fixed to the side wall of the milling machine body parallel to the forward direction a by means of bolts or welding, serving as the mounting base for the entire device.

[0031] The lateral adjustment unit 2 includes a sliding seat 21 and a lateral drive mechanism 22. The sliding seat 21 is slidably mounted on the mounting base 1 via a linear guide or similar structure. The cylinder or motor of the lateral drive mechanism 22 (e.g., a hydraulic cylinder or electric push rod) is fixed to the mounting base 1, and its output end (piston rod or push rod) is connected to the sliding seat 21. The lateral drive mechanism 22 is used to drive the sliding seat 21 to reciprocate in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the milling machine, realizing the lateral positioning of the side milling head 4 in the horizontal plane, so that the milling roller 42 can be aligned with the longitudinal position of the joint between the old and new roads, ensuring that the step is formed straight along the joint line.

[0032] The swing actuator 3 includes a robotic arm 31 and a swing drive mechanism 32. One end of the robotic arm 31 is hinged to a sliding seat 21 via a hinge axis. The cylinder body of the swing drive mechanism 32 (e.g., a hydraulic cylinder) is hinged to the sliding seat 21, and the end of its piston rod is hinged to the middle of the robotic arm 31 or to the end away from the hinge axis. The swing drive mechanism 32 is used to drive the robotic arm 31 to swing in a vertical plane about its hinge axis connected to the sliding seat 21. By controlling the pitch angle of the robotic arm 31, the cutting depth of the milling roller 42 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the vertical height of the step (the "kick" height of the step) to adapt to the thickness requirements of different pavement structure layers.

[0033] The side milling head 4 includes a milling housing 41, a milling roller 42, and a rotary drive mechanism 43. The milling housing 41 is located at the free end of the robotic arm 31 away from the sliding seat 21. The milling roller 42 is located inside the milling housing 41 and is rotatably mounted on the milling housing 41 via bearings or other structures. The rotary drive mechanism 43 (e.g., a hydraulic motor or electric motor) is fixed to the milling housing 41, and its output end is connected to the shaft of the milling roller 42 via a coupling or direct drive method. It drives the milling roller 42 to rotate around its own axis (the direction of rotation can be set as needed, for example, by adjusting the direction of rotation). Figure 1 (In the clockwise direction shown). The rotary drive mechanism 43 provides the cutting power required for milling operations, crushing and stripping the old pavement material through carbide milling teeth mounted on the milling drum 42.

[0034] During operation, the operator first controls the lateral drive mechanism 22 to move the entire lateral milling device laterally to the position where the step needs to be milled on the side of the old road. Next, the operator controls the swing drive mechanism 32, causing the robotic arm 31 to swing the milling drum 42, adjusting the milling teeth to the predetermined cutting depth. Then, the rotary drive mechanism 43 is activated, driving the milling drum 42 to rotate. As the milling machine slowly moves along the joint direction, the lateral positioning, preset depth, and rotary cutting work together to ensure that the milling drum 42 can continuously and stably align with and act on the side of the old road surface at the joint between the new and old roads, milling out the step structure segment by segment. This step provides an ideal bonding surface for the subsequent newly paved asphalt concrete, greatly improving the bonding strength, smoothness, and durability of the joint between the new and old road surfaces.

[0035] The lateral drive mechanism 22 includes a lateral hydraulic drive component 221 and at least one lateral guide component 222. The mounting base 1 has a U-shaped structure with a receiving space for accommodating the sliding seat 21. The lateral guide component 222 is preferably a smooth shaft, with its two ends fixed to two opposing inner sidewalls of the mounting base 1 by flanges or threads. The lateral guide component 222 extends laterally through a corresponding guide hole on the sliding seat 21, allowing the sliding seat 21 and the lateral guide component 222 to form a sliding fit. The lateral hydraulic drive component 221 can be a hydraulic cylinder, with its fixed end (cylinder body) fixedly mounted on the outer sidewall of the mounting base 1, and its movable end (piston rod) extending into the receiving space and connected to the sliding seat 21 located within the receiving space. During operation, the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the lateral hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the hydraulic system, thereby driving the sliding seat 21 to move smoothly along the axial (i.e., lateral) direction of the lateral guide component 222.

[0036] Preferably, there are three lateral guide members 222, which are arranged in a triangle within the accommodating space. Each lateral guide member 222 has a sliding engagement with the sliding seat 21, thereby ensuring the smooth movement of the sliding seat 21. More preferably, the centerline of the lateral hydraulic drive member 221 coincides with the centerline of the triangle structure formed by the three lateral guide members 222, further ensuring the smooth operation of the sliding seat 21.

[0037] The swing drive mechanism 32 includes a swing hydraulic drive component, which can also be a hydraulic cylinder. The fixed end (cylinder body) of the swing hydraulic drive component is hinged to the lug plate provided on the sliding seat 21 via a pin. The output end (piston rod) of the swing hydraulic drive component is also hinged to the hinge seat (located in the middle of the robotic arm 31 or near the free end) provided on the robotic arm 31 via a pin, thereby forming a stable triangular hinge drive structure. By controlling the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the swing hydraulic drive component through the hydraulic system, the robotic arm 31 can be directly driven to swing in the vertical plane around its hinge axis with the sliding seat 21.

[0038] Please see Figure 1-3 The swing drive mechanism 32 also includes a shielding component 321. One end of the shielding component 321 is connected to the output end of the swing hydraulic drive component, and the other end is slidably connected to the fixed end of the hydraulic swing component. The shielding component 321 is located between the hydraulic swing component and the ground. It is used to prevent the debris generated during the milling process from colliding with the piston rod of the swing hydraulic drive component, thereby preventing the piston rod from deforming.

[0039] The shielding assembly 321 includes a shielding plate 3211 and a sliding member 3212. The shielding plate 3211 is connected to the output end of the swing hydraulic drive, specifically to the hinge end of the swing hydraulic drive and the robotic arm 31. The sliding member 3212 is fixedly mounted on the fixed end of the swing hydraulic drive by bolts or other structures, and the sliding member 3212 and the shielding plate 3211 are slidably connected. Specifically, the shielding member is provided with a U-shaped groove 32111, and the two side walls of the U-shaped groove 32111 are bent inward to form a limiting part 32112. Preferably, the limiting part 32112 is perpendicular to the side wall of the U-shaped groove 32111. The sliding member 3212 extends into the U-shaped groove 32111 and is slidably connected to the limiting part 32112 facing the bottom side wall of the U-shaped groove 32111.

[0040] The rotary drive mechanism 43 includes a rotary hydraulic drive component and a reducer (not shown in the figure). The rotary hydraulic drive component is specifically a hydraulic motor. The reducer can be a planetary gear reducer or a worm gear reducer, etc. The housings of the rotary hydraulic drive component and the reducer are bolted to the milling housing 41. The output shaft of the rotary hydraulic drive component is connected to the input end (high-speed shaft) of the reducer via a key or flange. The output end (low-speed shaft) of the reducer is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the milling drum 42 via an expansion sleeve, key, or flange. The high-pressure oil provided by the hydraulic system drives the hydraulic motor to rotate. After the reducer increases the torque and reduces the speed, it drives the milling drum 42 to rotate at a speed and torque suitable for milling operations.

[0041] The hydraulic control system that drives the transverse hydraulic drive component 221, the oscillating hydraulic drive component, and the rotary hydraulic drive component can adopt the following two flexible configuration schemes according to actual construction needs and the specific model of the milling machine: Option 1: Independent External Hydraulic System. In this option, a complete and independent external hydraulic power unit is configured for the stepped milling device of this invention. This unit typically includes a hydraulic pump driven by an engine or electric motor, a hydraulic oil tank, a control valve group (such as a multi-way valve), a filter, a cooler, and necessary pipelines and connectors. This independent system is installed on a platform reserved on the milling machine main unit or towed to the rear of the machine, providing power and control only for the three hydraulic actuators of this device. Its control valve group is independently controlled by the operator via a manual operating lever or an electro-hydraulic proportional remote control device, realizing the lateral movement, pitch swing, and start / stop and speed adjustment of the side milling head 4 and the drum rotation. The advantage of this option is that the system is independent and does not interfere with the stability and performance of the original hydraulic system of the main unit, making it particularly suitable for situations where the hydraulic margin of the main unit is insufficient or where complex interface modifications are to be avoided. Debugging and maintenance can be carried out independently without affecting each other.

[0042] Option 2: Sharing the main hydraulic system. In this option, the hydraulic actuators (lateral hydraulic drive 221, oscillating hydraulic drive, and rotary hydraulic drive) of the stepped milling device of this invention are directly connected to the existing hydraulic drive system of the milling machine main unit through added tee valves, flow dividers, and other interfaces. The main unit's hydraulic pump, while fulfilling its core functions such as milling drum 42 and conveyor belt, also allocates some hydraulic power to the newly added side milling device. Furthermore, an additional control valve group is installed in the main unit's cab or in a convenient location to control the three actions of this device. The advantages of this option are that it requires no additional power source (engine or large motor), has high integration, a relatively compact structure, and lower cost. However, its feasibility depends on the total power reserve and expandable interfaces of the main unit's hydraulic system, and it must be ensured that the hydraulic pressure and flow rate of the main unit's core functions are not affected when the side device is working.

[0043] Please see Figure 1-2 4-5, The step milling device for road engineering provided in this embodiment also includes a first vibration damping unit 5 disposed on the mounting base 1 for contacting the bottom surface of the side of the milling machine body during operation to attenuate the vibration transmitted from the milling machine to the mounting base 1; and a second vibration damping unit 6 disposed on the milling housing 41 for contacting the ground near the cutting area of ​​the milling drum 42 during operation to attenuate the vibration transmitted from the milling drum 42 to the milling housing 41.

[0044] The first vibration damping unit 5 and the second vibration damping unit 6 each include a mounting base 61, a sliding rod 62, a limiting member 63, a fixed base 64, an elastic member 65, and a guide wheel 66. The mounting base 61 of the first vibration damping unit 5 can be connected to the mounting base 1 by bolts or welding, and the mounting base 61 of the second vibration damping unit 6 can also be connected to the milling housing 41 by bolts or welding. Each mounting base 61 is provided with a guide hole, the central axis of which is perpendicular to the ground. One end of the sliding rod 62 is connected to the fixed base 64 by welding, and the other end passes through the guide hole and is connected to the limiting member 63. The limiting member 63 can be a nut, and the corresponding sliding rod 62 has external threads, forming a threaded connection between the limiting member 63 and the sliding rod 62. The elastic member 65 is a spring, which is sleeved on the sliding rod 62, with one end abutting against the fixed base 64 and the other end abutting against the mounting base 61. The guide wheel 66 is rotatably connected to the fixed base 64 and is used to contact the ground. By adjusting the limiting member 63, the spring can be pre-compressed, so that the guide wheel 66, which is rotatably connected to the fixed base 64, continuously presses against the ground with a certain preload.

[0045] During operation, the pre-compressed elastic element 65 provides a continuous and flexible grounding force for the entire device, ensuring that the guide wheel 66 remains in contact with the ground. When encountering uneven road surfaces or vibrations generated during operation, the guide wheel 66 will withstand vertical displacement and impact. This displacement forces the fixed base 64 to drive the sliding rod 62 to slide along the guide hole of the mounting base 61, thereby directly converting external mechanical impacts into the compression or extension deformation of the spring, that is, converting the impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and gradually dissipating it, thus achieving buffering of instantaneous impacts and attenuation of continuous vibrations.

[0046] The combined action of the first vibration damping unit 5 and the second vibration damping unit 6 constitutes a two-stage vibration damping system. Their functions are clearly defined and their effects are cumulative: the first vibration damping unit 5, located on the mounting base 1, primarily isolates and absorbs vibrations from the main body of the milling machine. This vibration has a relatively low frequency and large amplitude, originating from engine operation and machine movement. The first vibration damping unit 5 effectively prevents the transmission of main body vibrations to the lateral road milling device, providing a relatively stable operating foundation for the entire road milling device.

[0047] The second vibration damping unit 6 is directly mounted on the milling housing 41. Its core function is to suppress the high-frequency, high-intensity cutting vibrations and impacts generated when the milling roller 42 cuts the road surface. As a "dynamic stabilizer," it provides direct auxiliary support near the cutting point, absorbs and weakens chatter caused by changes in cutting force in real time, and significantly improves the dynamic stability of the milling head's execution end.

[0048] The first vibration damping unit 5 and the second vibration damping unit 6 also include a first guide sleeve 67 and a second guide sleeve 68, respectively. One end of the first guide sleeve 67 is connected to the mounting base 61 by welding or other means, and the other end is slidably connected to the second guide sleeve 68. The second guide sleeve 68 is mounted on the fixed base 64, and the elastic element 65 is located inside the first guide sleeve 67 and the second guide sleeve 68. The arrangement of the first guide sleeve 67 and the second guide sleeve 68 prevents debris from colliding with the spring during the milling process, thus avoiding spring failure.

[0049] The first vibration damping unit 5 also includes an adjustment component, which is used to adjust the distance between the mounting base 61 and the ground, thereby ensuring that the guide wheel 66 of the first vibration damping unit 5 is in contact with the ground during operation. Specifically, the adjustment component may include a limiting seat 51, a connecting member 52, and a fixing member 53. The limiting seat 51 can be set on the mounting base 1 by welding or other means. The limiting seat 51 is provided with a U-shaped groove 32111, and first limiting holes are respectively provided on the two side walls of the U-shaped groove 32111. The connecting member 52 can be connected to the mounting base 61 by welding or other means. Multiple second limiting holes are provided on the connecting member 52 at intervals. The fixing member 53 can be a limiting pin or other structure, which is used to pass through the first limiting holes and the second limiting holes to fix the connecting member 52 to the limiting seat 51.

[0050] Please see Figure 1 , 6 -8. During milling at the joint between new and old road surfaces, a large amount of dust is generated, which can interfere with the operator's visibility in the main unit's cab or pollute the environment. Furthermore, the milling roller 42 generates a significant amount of heat during milling; overheating of the milling teeth can reduce their service life. The step milling device provided by this invention also includes a spraying unit 7. The spraying unit 7 is used to spray water into the milling housing 41 to reduce dust and cool the milling teeth.

[0051] The spraying unit 7 includes a water supply pipe 71, an opening and closing assembly 72, a first nozzle group 73, and a second nozzle group 74. The opening and closing assembly 72 is located on the outer surface of the milling machine housing 41. One end of the water supply pipe 71 is connected to the opening and closing assembly 72, and the other end is connected to an external water source. The external water source can be a water tank built into the milling machine. The water supply pipe 71 is connected to the water tank via a water pump to extract water from the tank. The opening and closing assembly 72 may include control elements such as a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is connected to the rotating shaft of the milling drum 42 via a coupling, gear, or cam 721 mechanism, so that the opening and closing state of the solenoid valve is synchronized with the rotation angle (phase) of the milling drum 42. The opening and closing assembly 72 has two water outlets, which are connected to the first nozzle group 73 and the second nozzle group 74 respectively via two independent flexible hoses or rigid pipes. The first nozzle group 73 and the second nozzle group 74 are both installed on the milling housing 41, and their water outlets (nozzles) face inwards from the milling housing 41, specifically towards the cutting area of ​​the milling roller 42.

[0052] The opening and closing assembly 72 is configured such that when the milling drum 42 rotates to a certain rotation angle range (defined as the first phase), the internal passage of the opening and closing assembly 72 switches, connecting the water supply passage of the first nozzle group 73 and simultaneously cutting off the passage of the second nozzle group 74; when the milling drum 42 rotates to another specific rotation angle range (defined as the second phase), the opening and closing assembly 72 connects the second nozzle group 74 and cuts off the first nozzle group 73.

[0053] The spraying unit 7 sprays water onto the milling teeth during the milling process, which cools the teeth, suppresses dust, and lubricates the cutting surface. Through the drive connection between the opening / closing assembly 72 and the roller shaft, the water spraying operation is automatically linked to the cutting phase, enabling targeted spraying of different milling teeth, improving cooling and dust suppression efficiency, and saving water.

[0054] In this embodiment, the milling roller 42 is not uniformly toothed circumferentially, but rather alternately arranged with several sets of first milling tooth groups 421 and several sets of second milling tooth groups 422. Each set of first milling tooth groups 421 includes multiple first milling teeth arranged at certain intervals along the axial direction (length direction) of the milling roller 42. Each set of second milling tooth groups 422 also includes multiple second milling teeth arranged axially. The cutting ends of all first milling teeth are located on a virtual cylindrical surface with a large radius; while the cutting ends of all second milling teeth are located on another virtual cylindrical surface with a smaller radius. In this way, two cutting profiles with different radial heights are formed on the milling roller 42. The second milling tooth group 422 is used to mill the road surface to a first depth, and then the first milling tooth group 421 is used to mill the road surface to a second depth. This division of labor and cooperation mechanism not only avoids the load concentration and overheating wear caused by all milling teeth operating at full depth at the same time, but also ensures the smooth and efficient milling process and the forming quality of the step surface through the alternating continuous cutting of high and low teeth.

[0055] Preferably, the second milling tooth of the second milling tooth group 422 corresponds to the gap between two adjacent first milling teeth of the first milling tooth group 421. This axially staggered tooth configuration achieves complementarity between the high and low tooth groups on the cutting coverage surface. During milling, the untreated material strip left after milling by the second milling tooth can be immediately milled by the following second milling tooth located at the gap. This not only ensures the continuity of the milling coverage and effectively eliminates material residue or "ploughing" phenomena that may occur due to the gap between teeth, ensuring the overall flatness of the step surface; but also reduces the instantaneous cutting load of a single row of teeth by more rationally distributing the total cutting amount on the two sets of teeth, which helps to reduce cutting resistance fluctuations, improve operational stability, and further balance the wear of the milling teeth, thereby improving the overall milling efficiency and the service life of the milling teeth while ensuring forming accuracy.

[0056] The water jets from each nozzle outlet (nozzle) of the first nozzle group 73 are directed at each second milling tooth in the second milling tooth group 422. Similarly, the water jets from each nozzle outlet of the second nozzle group 74 are directed at each first milling tooth in the first milling tooth group 421.

[0057] The transmission connection between the opening / closing assembly 72 and the milling roller 42 is as follows: When the milling roller 42 rotates to a rotation angle range that allows all the second milling teeth to contact the road surface and perform cutting (at which point the first milling teeth are suspended), this range is defined as the first working phase. At this time, the opening / closing assembly 72 is triggered, connecting the first nozzle group 73. The water sprayed from the first nozzle group 73 then cools the first milling teeth in the suspended state. Furthermore, the water flow is dispersed after contacting the first milling teeth, thereby adhering to suspended dust to achieve dust suppression. After the water flow adheres to the dust, it drips onto the bottom surface under its own weight, wetting the bottom surface, and some of it flows towards the area where the second milling teeth are milling, further achieving dust suppression. Conversely, when the milling roller 42 rotates to a rotation angle range that allows all the first milling teeth to contact the road surface and perform cutting (the second working phase), the opening / closing assembly 72 switches, connecting the second nozzle group 74 to spray the second milling teeth in the suspended state.

[0058] This innovative solution combines variable depth cutting with selective spraying. Instead of a "flood irrigation," the spraying automatically switches to the appropriate nozzle group for "precise care" based on whether the "first milling tooth" or the "second milling tooth" is currently suspended. This significantly optimizes cooling and dust suppression, extending the overall lifespan of the milling teeth.

[0059] The opening and closing assembly 72 includes a cam 721, a trigger 722, a reset element 723, a guide seat 724, a first water circuit switch 725, and a second water circuit switch 726. The cam 721 is coaxially and fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the milling drum 42 via a key connection, rotating synchronously with the drum. The cam 721 is alternately machined with multiple recesses 7211 and multiple protrusions 7212 along its circumference. When the second milling gear set 422 on the milling drum 42 rotates to the cutting position (first working phase), the outer contour of the cam 721 corresponds to the recess 7211; when the first milling gear set 421 rotates to the cutting position (second working phase), the corresponding protrusion 7212 appears.

[0060] The guide seat 724 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the milling housing 41. The trigger 722 is preferably a trigger rod, the rod body of which is slidably inserted into the guide hole of the guide seat 724 along the axial direction. A roller can be mounted on one end of the trigger rod near the cam 721 to maintain circumferential contact with the cam 721. The reset element 723 is preferably a compression spring sleeved on the trigger rod, one end of which abuts against the guide seat 724 or an abutment seat provided on the milling housing 41, and the other end acts on the retaining ring or shoulder of the trigger rod, providing the trigger rod with an elastic preload force that keeps its end (or roller) pressed against the circumferential direction of the cam 721.

[0061] The first water circuit switch 725 and the second water circuit switch 726 can be mechanical two-position normally closed valves or pilot-operated hydraulic switches, etc. The inlet of the first water circuit switch 725 is connected to the water supply pipe 71, and its outlet is connected to the pipe leading to the first nozzle group 73. The inlet of the second water circuit switch 726 is also connected to the water supply pipe 71, and its outlet is connected to the pipe leading to the second nozzle group 74. The end of the trigger rod away from the cam 721 is connected to the valve core of the two water circuit switches through a mechanical linkage mechanism (such as direct push, lever, swing arm or crank connecting rod mechanism, etc.).

[0062] The working process is as follows: As the cam 721 rotates, when the recess 7211 rotates to the roller of the trigger rod, under the action of the reset member 723, the trigger rod moves towards the cam 721 to the recess 7211, at which point it is in the first working phase. This movement triggers the first water circuit switch 725, while ensuring that the second water circuit switch 726 is in the closed state, thereby realizing the spraying of water from the first nozzle group 73 in the first working phase. When the raised part 7212 rotates to the roller, the cam 721 pushes the trigger rod away from the cam 721 to the second working phase. At this time, the linkage mechanism triggers the second water circuit switch 726 to open and closes the first water circuit switch 725, realizing the spraying of water from the second nozzle group 74 in the second working phase, and at this time the elastic member 65 is compressed.

[0063] This embodiment provides a purely mechanical, reliable, and durable phase detection and water circuit switching solution. It directly utilizes the rotation of the milling drum 42 as the power and control source, requiring no additional sensors or circuits. It has a simple structure, strong anti-interference ability, and is particularly suitable for harsh working environments with high vibration and dust, such as milling machines, ensuring long-term stable operation of the spraying system.

[0064] The first nozzle group 73 and the second nozzle group 74 are located on the front side of the milling drum 42 in the forward direction, specifically as follows: Figure 1 On the right side, this avoids the debris generated by the milling roller 42 milling the bottom surface from clogging the nozzle outlet.

[0065] The nozzles of the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group 74 are alternately mounted on the nozzle mounting base 75, which is mounted on the milling housing 41. The first nozzle group 73 and the second nozzle group 74 each include a connector 76; the connector 76 has a water storage chamber, multiple water inlets communicating with the water storage chamber, and multiple water outlets communicating with the water storage chamber, with the number of water inlets being less than the number of water outlets; each water outlet is connected to a nozzle via a pipe, and each water inlet is connected to a corresponding water circuit switch via a pipe. The connector 76 ensures that the water pressure and flow rate at each nozzle are consistent.

[0066] In summary, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0067] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step milling device for road engineering, characterized in that, include: Mounting base, lateral adjustment unit, swing actuator unit, lateral milling head, and spraying unit; The mounting base is fixed to one side wall of the milling machine body that is parallel to the forward direction; The lateral adjustment unit includes a sliding seat and a lateral drive mechanism. The sliding seat is slidably mounted on the mounting base, and the lateral drive mechanism is used to drive the sliding seat to reciprocate along a horizontal direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the milling machine, so as to realize the lateral positioning of the side milling head in the horizontal plane. The swing execution unit includes a robotic arm and a swing drive mechanism. One end of the robotic arm is hinged to the sliding seat, and the swing drive mechanism is used to drive the robotic arm to swing about its hinge axis in a vertical plane. The lateral milling head includes a milling housing, a milling roller, and a rotary drive mechanism. The milling housing is mounted on the free end of the robotic arm away from the sliding seat. The milling roller is located inside the milling housing and is rotatably connected to the milling housing. The rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the milling roller to rotate about its own axis. The spraying unit is used to spray water into the milling housing.

2. The step milling device for road engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral drive mechanism includes a lateral hydraulic drive component and at least one lateral guide component; the mounting base has a U-shaped structure with accommodating space. The two ends of the transverse guide are respectively fixed to the two opposite side walls of the mounting base and transversely penetrate the sliding seat. The sliding seat and the transverse guide form a sliding fit. The fixed end of the transverse hydraulic drive component is disposed on the mounting base, and its movable end extends into the receiving space and is connected to the sliding seat. It is used to drive the sliding seat to move axially along the transverse guide component.

3. The step milling device for road engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing drive mechanism is a swing hydraulic drive component. The fixed end of the swing hydraulic drive component is hinged to the sliding seat, and its output end is hinged to the middle or free end of the robotic arm. The swing hydraulic drive component is used to drive the robotic arm to swing around its hinge axis in a vertical plane.

4. The step milling device for road engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary hydraulic drive component and a reducer; The fixed end of the rotary hydraulic drive is connected to the free end of the robotic arm, and its output shaft is connected to the input end of the reducer. The output end of the reducer is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the milling drum, and is used to drive the milling drum to rotate.

5. A step milling device for road engineering according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The spraying unit includes a water supply pipeline, an opening and closing assembly, a first nozzle group, and a second nozzle group. The opening and closing assembly is disposed on the outer side of the milling machine housing. The water supply pipeline is used to connect the opening and closing assembly to an external water source. The opening and closing assembly is connected to the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group through the pipeline. The opening and closing assembly is also connected to the rotating shaft of the milling machine roller. Both the first nozzle group and the second nozzle group are disposed on the milling machine housing, and their water outlet ends face inward towards the milling machine housing. The opening and closing assembly is configured such that when the milling drum rotates to the first phase, the opening and closing assembly connects the first nozzle group and the water supply pipeline; when the milling drum rotates to the second phase, the opening and closing assembly connects the second nozzle group and the water supply pipeline.

6. A step milling device for road engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The milling roller is circumferentially alternately provided with multiple sets of first milling tooth groups and multiple sets of second milling tooth groups. The first milling gear group includes a plurality of first milling teeth arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the milling drum, and the second milling gear group includes a plurality of second milling teeth arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the milling drum; the cutting ends of the milling teeth in the same group are located on the same cylindrical surface. The radius of the cylindrical surface where the cutting end of the first milling tooth is located is greater than the radius of the cylindrical surface where the cutting end of the second milling tooth is located; the second milling tooth of the second milling tooth group corresponds to the gap between two adjacent first milling teeth of the first milling tooth group. Each nozzle outlet of the first nozzle group is respectively aligned with each second milling tooth in the second milling tooth group; each nozzle outlet of the second nozzle group is respectively aligned with each first milling tooth in the first milling tooth group. The transmission connection between the opening / closing assembly and the milling drum is specifically configured as follows: when the milling drum rotates to the first working phase in which the second milling tooth group contacts and cuts the road surface, the first nozzle group is activated; when it rotates to the second working phase in which the first milling tooth group contacts and cuts the road surface, the second nozzle group is activated.

7. A step milling device for road engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly includes a cam, a trigger, a reset element, a guide seat, a first water circuit switch, and a second water circuit switch; The cam is coaxially fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft of the milling drum. The cam has multiple recesses and multiple ridges alternately arranged along the circumference. The contour position of the recesses corresponds to the first working phase of the milling drum, and the contour position of the ridges corresponds to the second working phase. The guide seat is fixedly installed on the milling housing; the trigger element is slidably inserted through the guide seat along its axial direction, with one end of it maintaining contact with the outer contour of the cam; The reset member is connected to the trigger member and is used to provide the trigger member with an elastic preload force that keeps it pressed against the circumferential direction of the cam. The inlet of the first water circuit switch is connected to the water supply pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the pipeline leading to the first nozzle assembly; the inlet of the second water circuit switch is connected to the water supply pipeline, and its outlet is connected to the pipeline leading to the second nozzle assembly. The trigger is connected to the first water circuit switch and the second water circuit switch, and is configured to: when it is in a first working phase corresponding to the recessed portion as it rotates with the cam, trigger and open the first water circuit switch, while the second water circuit switch is in a closed state; when it is in a second working phase corresponding to the raised portion, trigger and open the second water circuit switch, while the first water circuit switch is in a closed state.

8. The step milling device for road engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that: The trigger is connected to the first water circuit switch and the second water circuit switch via a crank-connecting rod mechanism.

9. A step milling device for road engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first nozzle group and the second nozzle group are located on the front side of the milling drum in the forward direction.

10. A milling machine, characterized in that, The device includes a body and a step milling device for road engineering as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the mounting base of the step milling device for road engineering is disposed on a side wall of the body parallel to the direction of travel.

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