Rotary braking energy recovery device based on magnetothermal effect and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetothermal effect-based rotary braking energy recovery device and a use method. The magnetothermal effect-based rotary braking energy recovery device is integrated in a vehicle brake disc assembly. The device comprises an external composite shell, a magnetic excitation unit, an internal energy conversion and medium management module and an axis fluid conveying assembly. The permanent magnet rotating along with the brake disc generates a periodic moving magnetic field, so that the internal magnetocaloric material layer generates a magnetocaloric effect, and the Novec type low-boiling-point fluorinated liquid in the sealing cavity is jointly heated by cooperating with brake friction heat, so that the Novec type low-boiling-point fluorinated liquid is promoted to be evaporated into gas-liquid two-phase flow; gas-liquid separation is achieved through centrifugal force and Coriolis guide blades, a gas phase passes through a central convergence flow channel and is guided out of an axis pipeline to an external heat exchange system to recover heat energy, condensed liquid flows back into the device and is pre-cooled by a magnetic material in a demagnetization heat absorption stage, and circulation is completed. The system does not need external energy, is compact in structure, can efficiently recover medium and low temperature braking waste heat, and is suitable for a new energy automobile heat management system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy recovery technology, and specifically relates to a rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, research has attempted to recover braking heat by introducing phase change materials (PCMs) or heat pipe technology for heat buffering and extraction. However, these passive solutions only achieve heat transfer and are difficult to implement for active energy extraction and reuse. Another type of active heat recovery system (such as the Organic Rankine Cycle, ORC) can convert waste heat into mechanical or electrical energy, but these systems are complex, bulky, and have slow response times. They also require additional pumps and control units, making them difficult to integrate into the space-constrained, high-dynamic-response wheel hub braking area.

[0003] Meanwhile, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), as a solid-state cooling / heating technology, shows great potential in the field of thermal management due to its advantages such as high energy efficiency, no moving parts, and environmental friendliness. Giant magnetocaloric materials (such as Gd-based and La-Fe-Si alloys) can generate significant temperature changes when a magnetic field is applied or removed. If combined with rotating machinery, it is expected to achieve active heating and cooling of the working fluid by utilizing the periodic magnetic field changes generated by the rotational motion itself without external driving conditions. However, existing magnetocaloric devices are mostly used in static cooling scenarios, and there is no integrated design that deeply integrates them with vehicle braking systems and utilizes the braking friction heat and magnetocaloric effect to synergistically drive the phase change of the working fluid to achieve energy recovery.

[0004] Furthermore, Novec™ fluorinated fluids (such as 3M™ Novec™ 649 and 7000 series) are novel environmentally friendly working fluids with characteristics such as non-flammability, low toxicity, low global warming potential (GWP<1), moderate boiling point (40–90°C), and good thermal stability, making them particularly suitable for medium- and low-temperature heat recovery systems. However, how to efficiently couple the magnetocaloric effect, frictional heat, and phase change process of low-boiling-point working fluids in the high-speed rotation, strong vibration, and stringent sealing environment of brake discs, and achieve the integration of gas-liquid separation, fluid transport, and heat output, remains a current technological gap.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need for an energy recovery device that is compact, responsive, requires no external energy input, and can be highly integrated with the vehicle braking system. This device should be able to effectively capture the frictional heat generated during braking and utilize rotational motion to excite the magnetocaloric effect, thereby synergistically driving the phase change of the environmentally friendly working fluid, thus achieving efficient extraction, transportation, and cascade utilization of braking heat energy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rotary braking energy recovery device and its usage method based on the magnetocaloric effect. The present invention does not require external energy, has a compact structure, can efficiently recover low- and medium-temperature braking waste heat, and is suitable for the thermal management system of new energy vehicles.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect, which is integrated into the vehicle brake disc assembly and rotates synchronously with the wheel, includes the following functional modules: The outer composite shell constitutes the load-bearing frame and sealed outer shell of the device; The magnetic excitation unit is fixedly installed on the outer composite shell and is used to generate a moving magnetic field that periodically sweeps the internal region during rotation. The internal energy conversion and medium management module is coaxially encapsulated inside the external composite shell. Its interior is sealed and filled with a low-boiling-point Novec-type fluorinated liquid and has a porous structure containing a magnetic working fluid. This is used to generate a magnetocaloric effect under the action of the moving magnetic field and to cooperate with braking frictional heat to drive the phase change of the working fluid. The axial fluid transport assembly passes through the rotating shaft of the device. One end of the assembly is connected to the gas phase outlet and liquid phase inlet of the internal energy conversion and media management module, respectively. The other end is connected to the external circulation system through a rotary joint. It is used to export the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working fluid and reinject the condensed liquid working fluid.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the external composite shell includes an upper heat dissipation layer and a lower heat dissipation layer arranged symmetrically on the upper and lower sides. Each layer surface is provided with heat dissipation fins and turbulence-dissipating columns extending in a non-orthogonal direction to enhance forced convection heat dissipation during rotation.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the magnetic excitation unit includes two sector-shaped high-performance permanent magnets, which are respectively fixed to the upper and lower outer surfaces of the outer composite shell. Their magnetic poles are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction to form a continuously sweeping high-intensity pulsating magnetic field when rotating.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the internal energy conversion and medium management module is composed of five concentric functional layers from the outside to the inside: an upper magnetic thermal material layer, an upper gas-liquid separation and guiding layer, a central gas gathering layer, a lower gas-liquid separation and guiding layer, and a lower magnetic thermal material layer, wherein the upper magnetic thermal material layer and the lower magnetic thermal material layer are mirror-symmetrical.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, both the upper and lower magnetocaloric material layers are made of metal or ceramic honeycomb porous matrix with a porosity of 60%–80%, and the pores are filled with gadolinium-based or lanthanum-iron-silicon giant magnetocaloric alloy particles.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the upper gas-liquid separation and guiding layer and the lower gas-liquid separation and guiding layer are respectively provided with upper Coriolis force guide vanes and lower Coriolis force guide vanes. Their curved surfaces are optimized by computational fluid dynamics and are used to superimpose Coriolis force on the centrifugal force to achieve efficient directional separation of gas-liquid two-phase flow.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the central gas gathering layer is provided with a centripetal converging gas flow channel with a logarithmic spiral surface, which is used to efficiently convert the kinetic energy of the tangentially flowing gaseous working fluid into static pressure energy and guide it to the axis.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the axial fluid transport assembly includes a central gas output main pipe and multiple liquid return secondary pipes; the central gas output main pipe is connected to the central gas gathering layer and is used to export gaseous Novec fluorinated liquid; the liquid return secondary pipes are respectively connected to the upper and lower gas-liquid separation and guide layers and are used to reinject condensate.

[0015] As a preferred option, the Novec-type fluorinated liquid is a non-flammable fluorinated ketone or fluorinated ether working fluid with a low global warming potential, and its standard boiling point is between 40°C and 90°C, making it suitable for medium and low temperature heat recovery scenarios.

[0016] A method for using a rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect includes the following steps: S1. Synergistic heat source activation: When the vehicle brakes, the brake disc generates heat due to friction. At the same time, the magnetic excitation unit rotates with the device, causing the magnetic working fluid to periodically undergo excitation and demagnetization. During the excitation stage, the magnetocaloric effect releases heat, which, together with the frictional heat, heats the liquid Novec fluorinated liquid in the porous matrix. S2. Evaporation of working fluid: The heated liquid working fluid rapidly vaporizes within the honeycomb pores, forming a high-temperature, high-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mixed flow; S3. Centrifugal-driven primary separation: The two-phase flow moves outward under the action of centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, and then enters the gas-liquid separation and guide layer. Under the guidance of Coriolis force guide vanes, the gas phase deflects towards the axis, while the liquid phase maintains the outer peripheral distribution. S4. Gas phase convergence and output: The separated gaseous working fluid enters the central gas convergence layer through the guide hole, and after being accelerated and converged centripetally through the logarithmic spiral flow channel, it is exported to the external heat exchange system through the central gas output main pipe. S5. External condensation and pressurization: The exported steam releases heat in the external condenser, converts into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid, and the pressure is increased by the pressurization pump; S6. Liquid phase reflux and redistribution: The pressurized liquid working fluid is injected into the upper and lower gas-liquid separation and guide layers through the liquid reflux auxiliary pipe, and is thrown back to the outer periphery under the action of centrifugal force, wetting the pores of the magnetothermal material layer; S7. Pre-cooling of working fluid: The reflux liquid exchanges heat with the magnetic working fluid in the demagnetization and heat absorption stage, and is further cooled to provide a low temperature reserve for the next evaporation cycle; S8. Cascaded utilization of thermal energy: The external system uses the thermal energy recovered during the condensation process for motor preheating, passenger compartment heating or battery pack insulation according to temperature grade, so as to realize efficient recovery and multi-stage utilization of braking thermal energy.

[0017] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention organically combines the frictional heat generated during vehicle braking with the magnetocaloric effect generated by magnetocaloric materials under the action of a rotating magnetic field, using them together as a heat source for the phase change of the working fluid, thus significantly improving the utilization efficiency of medium and low temperature waste heat.

[0018] The device of this invention relies on the rotational motion of the brake disc to drive the permanent magnet to generate a periodically changing magnetic field, thereby stimulating the magnetocaloric effect; at the same time, it uses the centrifugal force generated by the rotation and the flow channel structure to guide the gas-liquid separation and medium flow. The entire energy recovery process does not require a motor, pump or external control, and has a high degree of passive self-sustainability.

[0019] All functional modules of this invention are embedded inside the brake disc assembly, without adding extra volume or complex piping, and have good compatibility with existing braking systems. It is particularly suitable for new energy vehicle platforms that are sensitive to space and weight.

[0020] This invention uses a non-flammable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly low-boiling-point fluorinated liquid as the working medium, avoiding the safety hazards and environmental risks of traditional organic working fluids, and meeting the requirements of green and low-carbon development.

[0021] The heat energy recovered by this invention can be flexibly used for the temperature control needs of different vehicle subsystems through an external heat exchange system, such as preheating of the electric drive system, battery thermal management, or passenger compartment heating, thereby improving the overall energy utilization level of the vehicle.

[0022] This invention effectively removes heat accumulated in braking components while recovering heat energy, which helps to suppress brake fade and improve braking stability and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the brake disc of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layered disassembly of the brake disc of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation layer of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper magnetocaloric material layer of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the upper gas-liquid separation and guiding layer of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the central gas gathering layer of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: External composite shell 1; Magnetic excitation unit 2; Internal energy conversion and media management module 3; Axial fluid transport assembly 4; Heat dissipation fins 111; 112 spoiler column; Heat dissipation fins 121; 122 spoiler column; Permanent magnet 21; Upper honeycomb porous substrate 311; Upper Coriolis force guide vane 321; Upper guide hole 322; Gas flow channel 331; Lower Coriolis force guide vane 341; Lower guide hole 342; Lower honeycomb porous matrix 351; Central gas output main pipeline 41; Liquid reflux auxiliary piping assembly 42; Upper return branch pipe 421; Upper outlet orifice 4211; Lower return branch pipe 422; Lower outlet orifice 4221. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Example 1: Preferred solutions include Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect is integrated into the vehicle brake disc assembly, including: an outer composite housing 1, a magnetic excitation unit 2, an internal energy conversion and medium management module 3, and an axial fluid transport assembly 4. The outer composite shell 1 constitutes the main load-bearing and sealing structure of the device, forming a symmetrical upper and lower structure, and further includes: The upper heat dissipation layer G1 is provided with upper heat dissipation fins 111 and upper turbulence columns 112 for enhancing air convection during rotation. The lower heat dissipation layer G2 is also equipped with lower heat dissipation fins 121 and lower turbulence columns 122. The inner load-bearing layer G3 contains a coaxially encapsulated internal energy conversion and media management module 3. The magnetic excitation unit 2 consists of two fan-shaped upper high-performance permanent magnets 21 and lower high-performance permanent magnets 21, which are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the outer composite shell 1. Its function is to generate a moving high-intensity magnetic field that periodically sweeps through the internal functional area when the device rotates. The internal energy conversion and medium management module 3 is coaxially encapsulated within the inner load-bearing layer G3. Its interior is sealed and filled with Novec-type fluorinated liquid as the circulating medium, and it consists of five functional layers, from the outside to the inside: The upper magnetocaloric material layer G31 is composed of an upper honeycomb porous substrate 311 filled with magnetic material particles; its function is to absorb braking friction heat and generate a magnetocaloric effect under the action of the moving magnetic field, thereby achieving periodic and intense heat release and heat absorption, thereby heating or cooling the Novec-type fluorinated liquid flowing through the pores. The upper gas-liquid separation and guiding layer G32 has a set of upper Coriolis force guide vanes 321 with a specific curvature. An upper guide hole 322 is provided between the upper gas-liquid separation and guiding layer G32 and the central gas gathering layer G33. The function of the upper Coriolis force guide vanes 321 is to use rotational centrifugal force and Coriolis force to perform primary separation and flow guidance of the gas-liquid two-phase Novec fluorinated liquid from the upper magnetocaloric material layer G31. The function of the upper guide hole 322 is to allow the gaseous Novec fluorinated liquid separated in the upper gas-liquid separation and guiding layer 32 and the lower gas-liquid separation and guiding layer 34 to pass through and enter the central gas gathering layer 33, while preventing the large-scale passage of liquid Novec fluorinated liquid, thereby achieving effective gas-liquid separation.

[0026] The central gas gathering layer G33 is located at the geometric center of the module and contains a centripetal converging gas flow channel 331. Its function is to collect and gather gaseous Novec fluorinated liquid and guide it to the axis. The lower gas-liquid separation and guide layer G34 has a structure and function that are mirror-symmetrical to the upper gas-liquid separation and guide layer G32. It has a built-in lower Coriolis force guide vane 341 and a lower guide hole 342 between the lower gas-liquid separation and guide layer G34 and the central gas gathering layer G33. The lower magnetocaloric material layer G35 has a structure and function that are mirror-symmetrical to the upper magnetocaloric material layer G31, and is composed of a lower honeycomb porous substrate 351. The axial fluid transport assembly 4 passes through and is fixed to the rotating axis of the device, including: The central gas output main pipeline 41 has its inlet sealed to the outlet of the gas flow channel 331 of the central gas gathering layer G33; its function is to export the gathered high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous Novec fluorinated liquid to the external circulation system. The liquid reflux auxiliary pipeline group 42 includes four upper reflux branch pipes 421 and four lower reflux branch pipes 422; the outlet of the upper reflux branch pipe 421 is connected to the upper gas-liquid separator and guide layer G32 through the upper outlet hole 4211, and the outlet of the lower reflux branch pipe 422 is connected to the lower gas-liquid separator and guide layer G34 through the lower outlet hole 4221; its function is to transport the low-temperature, low-pressure liquid Novec fluorinated liquid condensed in the external circulation system back to the upper and lower gas-liquid separators and guide layers respectively. Furthermore, the extension direction of the heat dissipation fins or the baffle column is at a non-orthogonal angle to the rotation direction of the brake disc, so as to optimize the pumping air cooling effect during rotation.

[0027] Furthermore, the upper honeycomb porous substrate 311 and the lower honeycomb porous substrate 351 are sintered from metal or ceramic materials, with a porosity between 60% and 80%, and the magnetic material filled in the pores is an alloy particle with a giant magnetocaloric effect.

[0028] Furthermore, the curved surfaces of the upper Coriolis force guide vane 321 and the lower Coriolis force guide vane 341 are optimized by computational fluid dynamics. Their function is to subject the flowing gas-liquid two-phase Novec fluorinated liquid to a controllable Coriolis force based on centrifugal force, thereby guiding the gas phase and liquid phase to different preset flow channels.

[0029] Furthermore, the centripetal converging gas channel 331 in the central gas gathering layer G33 has a logarithmic spiral surface, which is used to efficiently convert the tangential flow kinetic energy of the gas into centripetal pressure energy and reduce flow loss.

[0030] Example 2: The method of using this device is as follows: based on Novec-type fluorinated liquid as the circulation medium, it includes the following steps: S1. Energy Injection and Medium Evaporation: The brake disc rotates, and the magnetic excitation unit 2 generates a moving magnetic field, causing the upper magnetocaloric material layer G31 and the lower magnetocaloric material layer G35 to undergo periodic excitation (heat release) and demagnetization (heat absorption); at the same time, the braking friction heat is absorbed by it; the two together heat the liquid Novec fluorinated liquid stored in the honeycomb pores, causing it to evaporate into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mixture; S2. Primary gas-liquid separation: The gas-liquid two-phase Novec fluorinated liquid enters the upper gas-liquid separation and guide layer G32 and the lower gas-liquid separation and guide layer G34. Under the action of centrifugal force and the optimized design of the upper Coriolis force guide vane 321 and the lower Coriolis force guide vane 341, the gaseous Novec fluorinated liquid is initially separated and guided to the region close to the axis. S3. Gas Convergence and Output: The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous Novec fluorinated liquid separated into the inner ring passes through the upper guide hole 322 and the lower guide hole 342 under pressure and enters the central gas convergence layer G33; after being accelerated and converged by the centripetal converging gas flow channel 331, it is pressed into the central gas output main pipe 41 and transported to the external circulation system for condensation and energy utilization. S4. Condensate Reflux and Redistribution: After releasing heat in the external circulation system, the Novec fluorinated liquid condenses into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid state, which is pumped into the upper gas-liquid separation and guide layer G32 and the lower gas-liquid separation and guide layer G34 by the liquid reflux auxiliary pipe group 42 respectively; in this layer, the liquid Novec fluorinated liquid is recaptured by the rotating upper Coriolis force guide vane 321 and lower Coriolis force guide vane 341 and evenly thrown to the periphery, and re-injected into and wets the honeycomb pores of the upper magnetocaloric material layer G31 and the lower magnetocaloric material layer G35; S5. Medium precooling and circulation preparation: The low-temperature liquid Novec fluorinated liquid flowing back to the pores of the upper magnetocaloric material layer G31 and the lower magnetocaloric material layer G35 exchanges heat with the magnetic material that is in the demagnetization and heat absorption stage, and is further precooled to prepare for the next heat absorption and evaporation cycle.

[0031] The excitation heat release process in step S1 is synchronized with the braking friction heat generation process, together forming the core heat source for the evaporation of Novec fluorinated liquid; the demagnetization heat absorption process in step S5 forms the core cold source for the reflux liquid Novec fluorinated liquid.

[0032] Example 3: In addition, the present invention also protects a vehicle in which the brake disc assembly of at least one wheel is replaced with the aforementioned rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect.

[0033] Example 4: A vehicle braking heat recovery method based on magnetocaloric effect and multi-stage flow path distribution is disclosed. The method is executed within a physical system consisting of a rotating brake disc unit, a rotary joint, and a multi-stage heat exchange and distribution module. It requires no external active control and operates adaptively entirely based on fluid dynamics and thermodynamic principles. The method includes the following steps: S1. Heat capture and working fluid conversion: When the vehicle brakes, the rotating brake disc unit generates both frictional heat and magnetocaloric effect, which heats and evaporates the liquid Novec-type fluorinated liquid stored in its internal honeycomb structure, forming high-temperature and high-pressure Novec vapor. S2. Steam extraction and initial inertial separation: The high-temperature, high-pressure Novec steam is led out to a fixed pipeline through a rotary joint and enters a mechanical inertial separator. The separator uses the pressure and momentum of the steam flow itself to automatically separate it into three fluids: a first high-pressure, high-temperature steam, a second medium-pressure, medium-temperature steam, and a third gas-liquid mixture. S3. Multi-stage fixed distribution and utilization of thermal energy: S3.1 Utilization of the first high heat flux branch: The first high-pressure high-temperature steam is introduced into the first high-temperature plate heat exchanger for condensation, and the released heat is transferred to the motor and the electrical control system for preheating circulation. S3.2 Utilization of the second high heat flow branch: The second medium-pressure medium-temperature steam is introduced into the second medium-temperature plate heat exchanger for condensation, and the released heat is transferred to the crew cabin heating cycle. S3.3 Third Mixed Flow Treatment and Waste Heat Utilization: The third gas-liquid mixed fluid enters the gas-liquid separation and storage tank; the separated steam is introduced into the third low-temperature plate heat exchanger for condensation, and the released heat is transferred to the battery pack insulation cycle; the separated liquid Novec fluorinated liquid is pumped out by a liquid pressurization pump. S4. Generation and distribution of cooling capacity in the refrigeration cycle: The high-pressure liquid Novec fluorinated liquid pumped out in step S3.3 is divided into two branches: S4.1 Main refrigeration branch: Directly enters the first plate evaporator for evaporation, and the generated cooling capacity is transferred to the battery pack for strong cooling circulation; S4.2 Auxiliary refrigeration branch: After being throttled by the expansion valve, it enters the second plate evaporator for evaporation, and the generated cooling capacity is delivered to the passenger compartment air conditioning cycle; S5. Cross-heat recovery and latent heat treatment: S5.1 Air reheating: The exhaust cold air flowing through the air conditioning circulation in the crew cabin exchanges heat with the incoming fresh air through an air-to-air reheater to pre-cool the fresh air; S5.2 Solution dehumidification: A portion of the heat is diverted from the crew cabin heating cycle to regenerate the hygroscopic solution in a solution dehumidifier, which is used to dry the air entering the crew cabin; S6. System integration of heat dissipation and mechanical redundancy backup: S6.1 Main circulation heat dissipation: After the heat exchange in steps S3.1, S3.2, S3.3 and S4.1, the coolant from each circuit flows into a main coolant collection pool, and is then pumped by the main circulation pump to the ambient radiator for final cooling. Afterward, it returns to the rotary brake disc unit through the rotary joint. S6.2 Backup Safety Cycle: An independent high-boiling-point silicone oil circuit is coupled to the main coolant collection pool via a mechanical temperature-controlled switching valve; when the main Novec fluorinated fluid circuit freezes due to low temperature or overpressure due to a fault, the mechanical valve automatically opens, activating the silicone oil circuit to provide cooling for the basic braking components.

[0034] The magnetocaloric effect described in step S1 is generated by the periodic excitation and demagnetization of the magnetic working fluid in the honeycomb structure inside the disc by a sector-shaped permanent magnet fixed inside the rotating brake disc unit and rotating with it.

[0035] The mechanical inertial separator described in step S2 is a cavity structure without moving parts. Its internal flow channel is designed to achieve natural separation of fluids with different densities and momentum by changing the flow cross-section and direction and utilizing centrifugal inertial force.

[0036] The heat used for solution regeneration mentioned in step S5.2 is obtained from the crew compartment heating circulation pipeline leading to the second medium-temperature plate heat exchanger through a fixed-ratio distributor.

[0037] The mechanical temperature control switching valve described in step S6.2 is directly driven by the physical deformation of the temperature sensing element or the mechanical displacement of the pressure sensing element inside the valve, thereby switching the flow path.

[0038] Example 5: An on-board braking heat recovery system includes: The rotary brake disc unit integrates a magnetic working fluid honeycomb structure, a permanent magnet, and a Novec fluorinated liquid flow channel. A rotary joint is used to connect the rotary brake disc unit to the fixed pipeline system; A multi-stage heat exchange and distribution module, comprising: A mechanical inertial separator with three outlets; The first plate condenser, the second plate condenser, and the third plate condenser are respectively connected to the three outlets of the inertial separator; Gas-liquid separator and liquid pressurization pump; A first plate evaporator and a second plate evaporator, wherein the first plate evaporator is directly connected to the outlet of the liquid pressurization pump, and the second plate evaporator is connected to the outlet of the liquid pressurization pump through an expansion valve; Air-to-air regenerator and solution dehumidifier; Main coolant collection tank, main circulation pump and ambient radiator; The backup safety circulation unit consists of a high-boiling-point silicone oil storage tank, a mechanical temperature control switching valve, a plate-type coupled heat exchanger, and a silicone oil circulation pump.

[0039] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect, characterized in that, The device is integrated into the vehicle's brake disc assembly and rotates synchronously with the wheels, including the following functional modules: The outer composite shell (1) constitutes the load-bearing frame and the sealed outer shell of the device; The magnetic excitation unit (2) is fixedly installed on the outer composite shell (1) and is used to generate a moving magnetic field that periodically sweeps the internal region during rotation. The internal energy conversion and media management module (3) is coaxially encapsulated inside the external composite shell (1). Its interior is sealed and filled with a low-boiling-point Novec-type fluorinated liquid and has a porous structure containing magnetic working fluid. It is used to generate a magnetocaloric effect under the action of the moving magnetic field and to work together with braking frictional heat to drive the phase change of the working fluid. The axial fluid transport assembly (4) passes through the rotating shaft of the device. One end of the assembly is connected to the gas phase outlet and liquid phase inlet of the internal energy conversion and media management module (3), and the other end is connected to the external circulation system through a rotary joint. It is used to export the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working fluid and reinject the condensed liquid working fluid.

2. The rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external composite shell (1) includes an upper heat dissipation layer (G1) and a lower heat dissipation layer (G2) arranged symmetrically. Each layer has heat dissipation fins and turbulence columns extending in a non-orthogonal direction on its surface, which are used to enhance forced convection heat dissipation during rotation.

3. The rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic excitation unit (2) includes two fan-shaped high-performance permanent magnets (21), which are fixed to the upper and lower outer surfaces of the outer composite shell (1), respectively. Their magnetic poles are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction to form a continuously sweeping high-intensity pulsating magnetic field when rotating.

4. The rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal energy conversion and medium management module (3) consists of five concentric functional layers from the outside to the inside: upper magnetic thermal material layer (G31), upper gas-liquid separation and flow guiding layer (G32), central gas gathering layer (G33), lower gas-liquid separation and flow guiding layer (G34) and lower magnetic thermal material layer (G35), wherein the upper magnetic thermal material layer (G31) and the lower magnetic thermal material layer (G35) are mirror symmetrical.

5. The rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the upper magnetocaloric material layer (G31) and the lower magnetocaloric material layer (G35) are made of metal or ceramic honeycomb porous matrix with a porosity of 60%–80%, and their pores are filled with gadolinium-based or lanthanum-iron-silicon giant magnetocaloric effect alloy particles.

6. The rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper gas-liquid separation and guiding layer (G32) and the lower gas-liquid separation and guiding layer (G34) are respectively equipped with upper Coriolis force guide vanes (321) and lower Coriolis force guide vanes (341). Their curved surfaces are optimized by computational fluid dynamics and are used to superimpose Coriolis force on the centrifugal force to achieve efficient directional separation of gas-liquid two-phase flow.

7. The rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 4, characterized in that, The central gas gathering layer (G33) is provided with a centripetal converging gas flow channel (331), the surface of which is a logarithmic spiral surface, which is used to efficiently convert the kinetic energy of the tangentially flowing gaseous working fluid into static pressure energy and guide it to the axis.

8. The rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial fluid transport assembly (4) includes a central gas output main pipe (41) and multiple liquid return secondary pipes (42); the central gas output main pipe (41) is connected to the central gas gathering layer (G33) and is used to export gaseous Novec fluorinated liquid; the liquid return secondary pipes (42) are respectively connected to the upper and lower gas-liquid separation and guide layers and are used to reinject condensate.

9. A rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Novec-type fluorinated liquid is a non-flammable fluorinated ketone or fluorinated ether working fluid with a low global warming potential. Its standard boiling point is between 40°C and 90°C, making it suitable for medium and low temperature heat recovery scenarios.

10. A method of using a rotary braking energy recovery device based on the magnetocaloric effect according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Synergistic heat source activation: When the vehicle brakes, the brake disc generates heat due to friction. At the same time, the magnetic excitation unit rotates with the device, causing the magnetic working fluid to periodically undergo excitation and demagnetization. During the excitation stage, the magnetocaloric effect releases heat, which, together with the frictional heat, heats the liquid Novec fluorinated liquid in the porous matrix. S2. Evaporation of working fluid: The heated liquid working fluid rapidly vaporizes within the honeycomb pores, forming a high-temperature, high-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mixed flow; S3. Centrifugal-driven primary separation: The two-phase flow moves outward under the action of centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, and then enters the gas-liquid separation and guide layer. Under the guidance of Coriolis force guide vanes, the gas phase deflects towards the axis, while the liquid phase maintains the outer peripheral distribution. S4. Gas phase convergence and output: The separated gaseous working fluid enters the central gas convergence layer through the guide hole, and after being accelerated and converged centripetally through the logarithmic spiral flow channel, it is exported to the external heat exchange system through the central gas output main pipe. S5. External condensation and pressurization: The exported steam releases heat in the external condenser, converts into a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid, and the pressure is increased by the pressurization pump; S6. Liquid phase reflux and redistribution: The pressurized liquid working fluid is injected into the upper and lower gas-liquid separation and guide layers through the liquid reflux auxiliary pipe, and is thrown back to the outer periphery under the action of centrifugal force, wetting the pores of the magnetothermal material layer; S7. Pre-cooling of working fluid: The reflux liquid exchanges heat with the magnetic working fluid in the demagnetization and heat absorption stage, and is further cooled to provide a low temperature reserve for the next evaporation cycle; S8. Cascaded utilization of thermal energy: The external system uses the thermal energy recovered during the condensation process for motor preheating, passenger compartment heating or battery pack insulation according to temperature grade, so as to realize efficient recovery and multi-stage utilization of braking thermal energy.

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