A pulse output circuit and a high-voltage pulse power supply
By changing the connection structure of the energy storage capacitor and the switching transistor, and directly connecting the energy storage capacitor in series and sampling the voltage, the problem of low voltage accuracy in the existing technology is solved, and higher voltage control accuracy and tailing elimination are achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MORNSUN GUANGZHOU SCI & TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
In existing pulse output circuits, the connection between energy storage capacitors results in low output voltage accuracy and problems of overvoltage or undervoltage.
By changing the connection structure of the energy storage capacitor and the switching transistor, the energy storage capacitor is directly connected in series to form a new pulse network. The voltage of the energy storage capacitor is directly sampled through the pre-charge control circuit to achieve precise control of the output voltage.
The output voltage accuracy of the pulse output circuit was improved, and the output voltage level was increased by increasing the number of output units, eliminating the trailing phenomenon and achieving higher voltage control accuracy.
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Figure CN122092829A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of pulse voltage technology, and in particular to a pulse output circuit and a high-voltage pulse power supply. Background Technology
[0002] Pulse voltage technology refers to storing energy for a relatively long period of time and then rapidly releasing it as electrical energy in a very short time to generate a high-voltage pulse. Essentially, pulse voltage technology compresses pulse energy on a time scale to obtain a high-voltage output within a short period (nanoseconds to microseconds).
[0003] To achieve high-voltage output, a capacitor series output method is typically used. This is achieved by cascading multiple pulse networks consisting of switches and energy storage capacitors, resulting in a high-voltage output. For example... Figure 1 The diagram shows the connection relationship of a traditional pulse output circuit, which uses a two-winding structure. Capacitors C1 and C2 are energy storage capacitors. When the pulse output circuit outputs a positive pulse, switching transistors SA1 and SA2 are turned on, and the two energy storage capacitors are discharged in series. When the pulse output circuit stops, each energy storage capacitor is charged. Since each energy storage capacitor is not directly connected in series but is separated by the switching transistors, when the switching transistors connected between the energy storage capacitors are not turned on, it is impossible to directly sample the voltage of each energy storage capacitor and thus predict the output voltage of the pulse output circuit to achieve closed-loop control. That is, the circuit can only feed back the output voltage of one power supply unit. Due to the different coupling and parasitics between the windings, the voltage on the windings in the two power supply units will be inconsistent, resulting in an error in the total voltage of the series-connected energy storage capacitors when the pulse is finally generated. The output voltage accuracy of the pulse output circuit is not high, and when the winding deviation is large, overvoltage or undervoltage may even occur. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a pulse output circuit and a high-voltage pulse power supply to improve the output voltage accuracy of the pulse output circuit.
[0005] As a first aspect of the present invention, the embodiment of the pulse output circuit is as follows: A pulse output circuit includes: at least one output unit; each output unit includes two basic units, and each basic unit includes a power supply unit and a pulse network; Each pulse network in each output unit includes a bridge arm and an energy storage capacitor. The high-potential ends of both are connected to the positive output terminal of the corresponding power supply unit, and the low-potential ends are connected to the negative output terminal of the corresponding power supply unit. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the first pulse network is the positive output terminal of the corresponding output unit. The low-potential end of the bridge arm of the first pulse network is connected to the high-potential end of the bridge arm of the second pulse network. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the second pulse network is the negative output terminal of the corresponding output unit. The positive output terminal of the first output unit is the positive output terminal of the pulse output circuit. The negative output terminal of the previous output unit is connected to the positive output terminal of the next output unit. The negative output terminal of the last output unit is the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit.
[0006] Furthermore, when the pulse output circuit outputs a positive pulse, the high-potential switch of the bridge arm of the first pulse network in each output unit and the low-potential switch of the bridge arm of the second pulse network in each output unit are configured to be turned on, and each energy storage capacitor is discharged in series.
[0007] Furthermore, when the pulse output circuit stops outputting, the low-potential switch of the bridge arm of the first pulse network in each output unit and the high-potential switch of the bridge arm of the second pulse network in each output unit are configured to be turned on, the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit are short-circuited, and each energy storage capacitor is charged by the corresponding rectifier and filter circuit.
[0008] Optionally, each power supply unit includes a rectifier and filter circuit that draws power from the secondary winding of the transformer.
[0009] Preferably, the rectifier and filter circuit is a voltage doubler rectifier and filter circuit, and the two rectifier and filter circuits of each output unit draw power from the same secondary winding of the transformer.
[0010] Optionally, each energy storage capacitor is a filter capacitor in the corresponding rectifier filter circuit.
[0011] Furthermore, the pulse output circuit also includes a pre-charge control circuit, which is used to sample the high-potential voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the first pulse network of the last output unit during the charging of each energy storage capacitor. When the sampled voltage multiplied by the number of output units reaches a preset value, the charging time of each energy storage capacitor is controlled to end.
[0012] Optionally, each power supply unit is a DC power source.
[0013] Optionally, the switching transistors in the bridge arms of each pulse network are MOSFETs, IGBTs, or SiC-MOSFETs.
[0014] As a second aspect of the present invention, the technical solution of the provided high-voltage pulse power supply embodiment is as follows: A high-voltage pulse power supply, wherein: it includes the pulse output circuit described in any of the first aspects above.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The embodiment of the pulse output circuit provided by the present invention, based on the traditional circuit structure, changes the connection structure of the energy storage capacitor and the switching transistor, so that the energy storage capacitor is directly connected in series to form a new pulse network. The circuit structure is simple and does not require additional components. It can directly sample the high potential voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the first pulse network of the last output unit. For a pulse output circuit with only one output unit, it can achieve precise control of the initial amplitude of the pulse voltage output by the pulse output circuit. Compared with the traditional structure, it can improve the output voltage accuracy of the pulse output circuit. (2) The embodiment of the pulse output circuit provided by the present invention can increase the output voltage level by increasing the number of output units, and realize the equalization of pulse output and the switching tube in the off state and the elimination of pulse tail by turning on the corresponding switching tube in the pulse network. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of a traditional pulse output circuit; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the pulse output circuit provided by the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship of a high-voltage output structure formed by cascading circuits; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another connection relationship of the pulse output circuit provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0018] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be used interchangeably where appropriate for the purposes of describing embodiments of this application herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0019] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application may be combined with each other.
[0020] It should be understood that in the specification, claims, and drawings, when a step is described as continuing into another step, the step may directly continue into that other step or be continued into that other step through a third step; when an element / unit is described as "continuing" into another element / unit, the element / unit may be "directly connected" to that other element / unit or "connected" to that other element / unit through a third element / unit.
[0021] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.
[0022] The inventive concept of this application is: by changing the circuit connection structure of the pulse output circuit, the energy storage capacitors are always connected in series, so that the pulse output voltage can be stabilized by directly sampling the output voltage of the pulse output circuit, thereby achieving precise control of the initial amplitude of the pulse voltage output by the pulse output circuit.
[0023] Based on the above inventive concept, the pulse output circuit provided in this application includes: at least one output unit; each output unit includes two basic units, and each basic unit includes a power supply unit and a pulse network. Each pulse network in each output unit includes a bridge arm and an energy storage capacitor. The high-potential ends of both are connected to the positive output terminal of the corresponding power supply unit, and the low-potential ends are connected to the negative output terminal of the corresponding power supply unit. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the first pulse network is the positive output terminal of the corresponding output unit. The low-potential end of the bridge arm of the first pulse network is connected to the high-potential end of the bridge arm of the second pulse network. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the second pulse network is the negative output terminal of the corresponding output unit. The positive output terminal of the first output unit is the positive output terminal of the pulse output circuit. The negative output terminal of the previous output unit is connected to the positive output terminal of the next output unit. The negative output terminal of the last output unit is the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit.
[0024] The pulse output circuit described above changes the connection structure of the energy storage capacitor and the switching transistor, so that the energy storage capacitor is directly connected in series. Therefore, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor after series connection can be directly sampled to achieve precise control of the initial amplitude of the pulse voltage output by the pulse output circuit.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the pulse output circuit provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2As shown, it includes an output unit, which includes a base unit B1 and a base unit B2.
[0026] The basic unit B1 includes a power supply unit U1 and a pulse network P1. The pulse network P1 includes a bridge arm consisting of a switch SA1 located at a high potential end and a switch SB1 located at a low potential end, as well as an energy storage capacitor C1. The high potential ends of the bridge arm and the energy storage capacitor C1 are connected to the positive output end of the corresponding power supply unit U1, and the low potential ends are connected to the negative output end of the corresponding power supply unit U1.
[0027] The basic unit B2 includes a power supply unit U2 and a pulse network P2. The pulse network P2 includes a bridge arm consisting of a switch SA2 located at a high potential end and a switch SB2 located at a low potential end, as well as an energy storage capacitor C2. The high potential ends of the bridge arm and the energy storage capacitor C2 are connected to the positive output end of the corresponding power supply unit U2, and the low potential ends are connected to the negative output end of the corresponding power supply unit U2.
[0028] The midpoint of the bridge arm of pulse network P1 is the positive output terminal of the output unit. The low potential terminal of the bridge arm of pulse network P1 is connected to the high potential terminal of the bridge arm of pulse network P2. The midpoint of the bridge arm of pulse network P2 is the negative output terminal of the output unit.
[0029] Since there is only one output unit, the positive output terminal of the output unit is the positive output terminal of the pulse output circuit, and the negative output terminal of the output unit is the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit.
[0030] Figure 2 The working principle of the pulse output circuit is as follows: When a positive pulse is output, switching transistors SA1 and SB2 are configured to be turned on, and each energy storage capacitor is discharged in series. The discharge current path is: midpoint of the bridge arm of pulse network P1 → load → midpoint of the bridge arm of pulse network P2 → switching transistor SB2 → energy storage capacitor C2 → energy storage capacitor C1 → switching transistor SA1 → midpoint of the bridge arm of pulse network P1. Furthermore, when the pulse output circuit stops, switching transistors SB1 and SA2 are configured to be turned on. At this time, the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit are short-circuited, eliminating the output pulse tailing phenomenon (i.e., the output pulse slowly decreases to 0), while not affecting the charging of each energy storage capacitor by the corresponding rectifier and filter circuit.
[0031] As can be seen from the above working principle, when outputting a positive pulse and when outputting at a pause, there is always one switch in each bridge arm that is turned on and one switch that is turned off. Therefore, the stress of the switch that is turned off is always the voltage of the corresponding energy storage capacitor. Ignoring the voltage drop across the switch that is in the on state, the voltage equalization of the switch that is in the off state is achieved.
[0032] Figure 2 Compared to Figure 1 The pulse output circuit structure, since energy storage capacitors C1 and C2 are directly connected in series, allows for the inclusion of a pre-charge control circuit. This circuit directly samples the high-voltage node voltage of the series-connected energy storage capacitor C1 during charging. Figure 2 The voltage at the connection point of the energy storage capacitor C1 and the switching transistor SA1 is shown. When this voltage (i.e. the output voltage of the pulse output circuit) reaches the preset value, the power supply is controlled to stop charging the energy storage capacitors C1 and C2, so that the initial amplitude of the pulse voltage output by the pulse output circuit can be precisely controlled, thereby obtaining a precise pulse output voltage.
[0033] Figure 2 Each power supply unit includes a rectifier and filter circuit, which draws power from the secondary winding of the transformer. It should be noted that... Figure 2 The primary circuit of the transformer is not shown. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to an AC power source, which can be directly supplied by the mains power or obtained from a DC power source through an inverter circuit. If it is obtained from a DC power source through an inverter circuit, the topology used by the inverter circuit is not required by this invention; those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs, for example, a half-bridge LLC inverter circuit can be selected. Furthermore, it is also possible to... Figure 2 The winding power supply unit in the middle is directly replaced with a DC power supply.
[0034] In practice, Figure 2 Each switch in the circuit can be selected as a MOSFET, IGBT, or SiC-MOSFET.
[0035] As a specific example, for further improvement of the output voltage, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 ,Will Figure 2 The output units are expanded to m units and cascaded to form a high-voltage output circuit structure. The cascading method is as follows: the positive output terminal of the first output unit is the positive output terminal of the pulse output circuit, the negative output terminal of the previous output unit is connected to the positive output terminal of the next output unit, and the negative output terminal of the last output unit is the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit.
[0036] Figure 3When the pulse output circuit outputs a positive pulse, the high-potential switch of the bridge arm of the first pulse network in each output unit and the low-potential switch of the bridge arm of the second pulse network in each output unit are configured to be turned on. The energy storage capacitors are discharged in series, and the discharge current path is as follows: midpoint of the bridge arm of the pulse network in basic unit B11 → load → midpoint of the bridge arm of the pulse network in basic unit Bm2 → switch SBm2 → energy storage capacitor Cm2 → energy storage capacitor Cm1 → switch SAm1 → ... → switch SB22 → energy storage capacitor C22 → energy storage capacitor C21 → switch SA21 → switch SB12 → energy storage capacitor C12 → energy storage capacitor C11 → switch SA11 → midpoint of the bridge arm of the pulse network in basic unit B11.
[0037] Figure 3 When the output of the pulse output circuit stops, the low-potential switch of the bridge arm of the first pulse network in each output unit and the high-potential switch of the bridge arm of the second pulse network in each output unit are configured to be turned on. The positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit are short-circuited to eliminate the tailing, while not affecting the charging of each energy storage capacitor by the corresponding rectifier and filter circuit.
[0038] because Figure 3 When the pulse output circuit pauses (during which the energy storage capacitors are charged), the low-potential switch of the bridge arm of the first pulse network in each output unit and the high-potential switch of the bridge arm of the second pulse network in each output unit are configured to be turned on to eliminate pulse output tailing. If pre-charging control is also required at this time, since the energy storage capacitors between each output unit are still separated by the turned-on switches, only the high-potential voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the first pulse network of the last output unit can be sampled. When the sampled voltage multiplied by the number of output units reaches a preset value, the charging time of each energy storage capacitor is controlled to end. This results in the pulse output circuit's output voltage accuracy not having a significant advantage compared to existing technologies. Figure 3 As Figure 2 This is one of the extended solutions, and those skilled in the art can decide whether to use it as needed.
[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another connection relationship of the pulse output circuit provided by the present invention, and... Figure 3 The difference lies in the fact that each rectifier and filter circuit uses a voltage doubler rectifier and filter, compared to Figure 3 , Figure 4 Because a voltage doubler rectifier and filter circuit is used, the two power supply units in each output unit share a single secondary winding, halving the number of windings. This reduces the number of windings needed for high-voltage output using a multi-winding power supply scheme, minimizing output errors caused by winding misalignment. However, compared to... Figure 3Similarly, to eliminate pulse output tailing, the energy storage capacitors between each output unit are still separated by the conducting switching transistors. Therefore, the pre-charge control can only sample the high-potential voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the first pulse network of the last output unit, which will adversely affect the output voltage accuracy of the pulse output circuit. Figure 4 Also as Figure 2 This is one of the extended solutions, and those skilled in the art can decide whether to use it as needed.
[0040] It should be noted that the filter capacitor of the rectifier filter circuit in the power supply unit in the above embodiments can be combined with the energy storage capacitor.
[0041] As a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a high-voltage pulse power supply, including any of the above-mentioned pulse output circuits, which can not only improve the output voltage accuracy of the pulse output circuit, but also eliminate the tailing phenomenon when the output positive pulse of the pulse output circuit switches to the resting state, that is, avoid the pulse slowly dropping to 0.
[0042] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as a limitation of this application. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of this application. Here, the embodiments will not be repeated. The protection scope of this application should be determined by the scope defined by the claims.
Claims
1. A pulse output circuit, characterized in that, include: At least one output unit; each output unit includes two basic units, each basic unit including a power supply unit and a pulse network; Each pulse network in each output unit includes a bridge arm and an energy storage capacitor. The high-potential ends of both are connected to the positive output terminal of the corresponding power supply unit, and the low-potential ends are connected to the negative output terminal of the corresponding power supply unit. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the first pulse network is the positive output terminal of the corresponding output unit. The low-potential end of the bridge arm of the first pulse network is connected to the high-potential end of the bridge arm of the second pulse network. The midpoint of the bridge arm of the second pulse network is the negative output terminal of the corresponding output unit. The positive output terminal of the first output unit is the positive output terminal of the pulse output circuit. The negative output terminal of the previous output unit is connected to the positive output terminal of the next output unit. The negative output terminal of the last output unit is the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit.
2. The pulse output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the pulse output circuit outputs a positive pulse, the high-potential switch of the bridge arm of the first pulse network in each output unit and the low-potential switch of the bridge arm of the second pulse network in each output unit are configured to be turned on, and each energy storage capacitor is discharged in series.
3. The pulse output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the pulse output circuit stops outputting, the low-potential switch of the bridge arm of the first pulse network in each output unit and the high-potential switch of the bridge arm of the second pulse network in each output unit are configured to be turned on, the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the pulse output circuit are short-circuited, and each energy storage capacitor is charged by the corresponding rectifier and filter circuit.
4. The pulse output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each power supply unit includes a rectifier and filter circuit, which draws power from the secondary winding of the transformer.
5. The pulse output circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rectifier and filter circuit is a voltage doubler rectifier and filter circuit, and the two rectifier and filter circuits of each output unit draw power from the same secondary winding of the transformer.
6. The pulse output circuit according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: Each energy storage capacitor is a filter capacitor in the corresponding rectifier and filter circuit.
7. The pulse output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse output circuit also includes a pre-charge control circuit, which samples the high-potential voltage of the energy storage capacitor in the first pulse network of the last output unit during the charging of each energy storage capacitor. When the sampled voltage multiplied by the number of output units reaches a preset value, the charging time of each energy storage capacitor is controlled to end.
8. The pulse output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each power supply unit is a DC power source.
9. The pulse output circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching transistors in the bridge arms of each pulse network are MOSFETs, IGBTs, or SiC-MOSFETs.
10. A high-voltage pulse power supply, characterized in that: Includes the pulse output circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.