A green and non-destructive method and system for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules

Abstract

This invention relates to a green, non-destructive, and efficient method and system for recycling photovoltaic (PV) modules. The recycling method includes (1) removing the aluminum frame and junction box of the PV module to obtain the PV module laminate; (2) pre-treating the PV module laminate and then immersing it in a green solvent system for swelling treatment to obtain the treated PV module laminate; the green solvent system includes vegetable oil, lipase, and polyol organic solvents; (3) cleaning the treated PV module laminate and then separating it to complete the recycling of the PV module. The recycling method of this invention can achieve non-destructive, green, and efficient separation of EVA from glass, silicon wafers, and backsheets to obtain whole pieces of glass, backsheets, and silicon wafers, with significant economic benefits and environmental friendliness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic waste recycling technology, and in particular to a green and non-destructive method and system for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic panels, as the core component of solar photovoltaic power plants, are made by encapsulating multiple individual solar cells connected in series and parallel. Their overall structure mainly consists of an outer frame, junction box, encapsulating glass, EVA film, solar cells, and backsheet. The typical lifespan of a photovoltaic panel is about 25 years, and it is currently approaching the stage of large-scale disposal and recycling. According to relevant environmental protection policies, discarded photovoltaic panels must undergo harmless disposal and resource recycling. Among the various components of a photovoltaic panel, the solar cells have the highest recycling value. To preserve the structurally intact solar cells, the outer frame, junction box, encapsulating glass, EVA film, and backsheet of the photovoltaic panel must be completely peeled off. After peeling, the main body of the solar cell, which is based on silicon, is obtained. The surface of the solar cell also has metals such as aluminum and silver attached, which need to be separated and extracted subsequently.

[0003] The core structure of a photovoltaic module is "glass-EVA-silicon wafer-EVA-backsheet". The strong adhesion of the EVA film makes the separation of the components extremely difficult. CN120023168A discloses a green method for separating waste photovoltaic modules. The core technology of this method is to use vegetable oil as a solvent, combined with lipase to catalyze the breaking of EVA ester bonds, thereby achieving the softening and peeling of EVA. However, the technical solution has the following shortcomings: (1) Improper or missing pretreatment: Cutting photovoltaic panels into large and small pieces results in a high damage rate, reduces the recovery rate and purity, and fails to ensure the integrity of the recovery; or the interface exposure design of the components is not carried out, and the contact area between the solvent and EVA is small under pure immersion, resulting in extremely low penetration efficiency; (2) Insufficient mass transfer design: The components are placed upright or horizontally in the container without an efficient mass transfer oblique layout; only simple stirring or natural immersion is used, without enhanced mass transfer structure, resulting in long EVA swelling time; (3) Poor enzyme stability: The basic formula of vegetable oil + lipase is used, and the enzyme is easily deactivated at medium and high temperatures, resulting in low solvent recycling rate and high processing cost; (4) Simple cleaning process: There is no dedicated cleaning system, and residual solvent and EVA fragments are difficult to remove completely, affecting the subsequent sorting effect.

[0004] In the process of photovoltaic panel recycling, the separation of EVA from glass and backsheet is a core challenge, and existing technologies have the following shortcomings:

[0005] (1) Physical methods (cutting, crushing, pulverizing, etc.): destroy the overall structure and integrity of photovoltaic modules, resulting in a high damage rate, which greatly increases the difficulty of subsequent sorting and purification processes, and significantly reduces the purity, comprehensive recovery rate and recovery value of silicon and metals such as silver and aluminum; the recycling process will generate a large amount of fine dust and solid debris, which can easily cause dust pollution and threaten the occupational health of on-site workers.

[0006] (2) Pyrolysis method: High-temperature decomposition of EVA consumes a lot of energy and releases harmful gases and waste gas. At the same time, high-temperature working conditions can easily cause damage and deformation of the silicon substrate of the battery cell, which greatly reduces the purity, recovery rate and recovery value of silicon material and metals such as silver and aluminum. In addition, the equipment purchase cost and operating cost are high.

[0007] (3) Chemical method (chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, strong acid, strong alkali, etc.): The use of highly toxic and dangerous organic solvents, which are highly volatile, can easily lead to excessive VOC emissions and high environmental compliance risks. Solvent recovery is difficult and the recycling rate is low and costly. At the same time, a large amount of toxic waste liquid and waste residue are generated. The subsequent harmless treatment process is complex, difficult and costly. In addition, organic solvents are flammable and explosive. The production site needs to be equipped with strict explosion-proof, corrosion-proof and waste gas collection and purification equipment. The initial equipment investment and subsequent operation and maintenance costs are high and the safety risks are high.

[0008] (4) Green solvent method (single vegetable oil + enzyme): Pure soaking has extremely low mass transfer efficiency, EVA swelling time is 3-13h, the cycle is too long to be applied on a large scale, the high viscosity of the solvent leads to insufficient penetration, and the whole component is difficult to process; the enzyme has poor stability and is easily deactivated at medium and high temperature, and the recycling rate is not high.

[0009] (5) Cleaning process: Existing technologies mostly use simple rinsing, which does not completely remove residual vegetable oil, enzymes and EVA fragments, affecting the purity and recycling value of subsequent sorting.

[0010] Based on the aforementioned technical issues, there is an urgent need to provide a non-destructive, environmentally friendly, and efficient photovoltaic module recycling technology. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a green, non-destructive, and efficient method and system for recycling photovoltaic modules. The recycling method of this invention achieves non-destructive, green, and efficient separation of EVA from glass, silicon wafers, and backsheets, yielding complete glass, backsheets, and silicon wafers. Through pretreatment steps, the mass transfer structure is enhanced, solving the problems of insufficient solvent contact and slow penetration in the complete module. Furthermore, by optimizing the green solvent system, enzyme stability and solvent recycling rate are improved, reducing environmental risks and costs.

[0012] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a green and non-destructive method for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules, the recycling method comprising:

[0014] (1) Remove the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module laminate;

[0015] (2) The photovoltaic module laminate is pretreated and then immersed in a green solvent system for swelling treatment to obtain the treated photovoltaic module laminate; the green solvent system includes vegetable oil, lipase and polyol organic solvent;

[0016] (3) The photovoltaic module laminate after the treatment is cleaned and then separated to complete the recycling of the photovoltaic module.

[0017] This invention achieves end-to-end recycling through a combined process of dismantling the aluminum frame and junction box of photovoltaic modules, pretreatment, swelling treatment, cleaning treatment, and separation. It employs a composite system of vegetable oil, lipase, and polyol organic solvents to achieve triple functions of "viscosity reduction + enzyme stabilization + penetration promotion," with no VOC emissions and no toxic or harmful substances generated throughout the process, making it 100% non-toxic and recyclable. The recycling method of this invention has low processing costs; through swelling and cleaning treatments, it thoroughly removes surface vegetable oil, enzymes, and trace amounts of EVA residue, with a residue rate ≤0.1%, eliminating the need for secondary treatment.

[0018] It should be noted that the photovoltaic module laminate, from top to bottom, includes a glass layer, an EVA adhesive layer, a solar cell, an EVA adhesive layer, and a backsheet.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the pretreatment in step (2) specifically includes: using a laser beam to etch micropores distributed in a plum blossom pattern on the glass layer surface of the photovoltaic module laminate; then using an energy beam to etch a longitudinal and transverse network formed by channels on the EVA adhesive layer of the photovoltaic module laminate, and the longitudinal and transverse network is connected to the micropores.

[0020] This invention constructs a "solvent penetration network" by etching micropores and channels in the laminate of photovoltaic modules and connecting the micropores and channels. This precisely exposes the bonding interface between EVA and glass, thereby increasing the solvent contact area and laying the foundation for subsequent mass transfer.

[0021] It should be noted that in this invention, the laser beam penetrates the glass without touching the battery cells below the EVA. Therefore, a safety distance of 0.3-0.5mm needs to be reserved for the laser beam.

[0022] Preferably, the laser beam includes a nanosecond pulse laser or a picosecond pulse laser; the aperture of the micropore is 0.3-1mm, such as 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0023] Preferably, the spacing of the plum blossom-shaped distribution is 4-8cm, such as 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0024] Preferably, the etching depth of the laser beam is equal to the thickness of the glass layer of the photovoltaic module laminate, which is 2-8mm, such as 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0025] Preferably, the energy beam includes any one of infrared laser, ultrasound, pulsed light, and microwave; the groove depth of the channel is 0.2-0.3 mm, such as 0.2 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.24 mm, 0.26 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.3 mm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0026] Preferably, the grid spacing of the longitudinal and transverse network is 6-8cm, such as 6cm, 6.5cm, 7cm, 7.5cm, 8cm, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the vegetable oil in step (2) includes any one or at least two combinations of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, palm oil, and refined waste cooking oil. Typical but non-limiting examples of such combinations include: soybean oil and rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil and rice bran oil, rice bran oil and peanut oil, peanut oil and soybean oil, soybean oil and palm oil, palm oil and refined waste cooking oil, etc.

[0028] Preferably, the lipase includes any one of Candida antarctica lipase, Candida antarctica lipase B, Thermophilus salina lipase, and Rhizopus oryzae lipase.

[0029] Preferably, the polyol organic solvent includes any one of PEG-400, PEG-600, PFG-300, glycerol, and 1,2-propanediol.

[0030] Preferably, the green solvent system comprises, by mass percentage: 85-92% vegetable oil, 3-7% lipase, and 3-10% polyol organic solvent.

[0031] The mass fraction of vegetable oil in the green solvent system is 85-92%, such as 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0032] The mass fraction of lipase in the green solvent system is 3-7%, such as 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0033] The mass fraction of polyol organic solvent in the green solvent system is 3-10%, such as 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0034] In the green solvent system used in this invention, vegetable oil can soften the EVA film through dissolution and penetration; lipase has a catalytic effect, which can further accelerate the softening of the EVA film; and polyol organic solvents can reduce the viscosity of the system and provide enzyme stability. Specifically, the addition of polyol organic solvents can reduce the viscosity of the system from 28-32 mPa·s to 12-18 mPa·s, while increasing enzyme stability by 25-35%.

[0035] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the swelling treatment in step (2) specifically includes: tilting and fixing the photovoltaic module laminate and performing circulating aeration treatment.

[0036] Preferably, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module laminate is 25-70°, such as 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0037] Preferably, the solvent flow rate of the circulating aeration treatment is 0.15-0.5 m / s, such as 0.15 m / s, 0.2 m / s, 0.25 m / s, 0.3 m / s, 0.35 m / s, 0.4 m / s, 0.45 m / s, 0.5 m / s, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0038] Preferably, the aeration pressure of the circulating aeration treatment is 0.07-0.18 MPa, such as 0.07 MPa, 0.09 MPa, 1.1 MPa, 1.2 MPa, 1.4 MPa, 1.6 MPa, 1.8 MPa, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0039] This invention achieves rapid and uniform swelling and debonding of EVA by tilting and fixing the photovoltaic module and combining it with a circulating aeration method to optimize the solvent flow rate and aeration pressure, so that the solvent system is in a dispersed fluidized bed state, forming turbulent flow that wraps around the module surface. After debonding, the glass, cells and backsheet are loosely stacked as a whole structure without any adhesive force.

[0040] Preferably, the swelling treatment temperature is 60-70℃, such as 60℃, 62℃, 64℃, 66℃, 68℃, 70℃, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0041] Preferably, the pH of the swelling treatment is 5-7, such as 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0042] In this invention, since the activity of reaction enzymes such as lipases usually depends on an appropriate pH environment, excessively high or low pH values ​​may lead to the inactivation of reaction enzymes or a decrease in catalytic efficiency. By controlling the pH of the reaction system within the range of 5-7, the optimal activity state of the reaction enzymes can be ensured, and damage to the structure and function of reaction enzymes caused by excessively high or low pH values ​​can be avoided.

[0043] It should be noted that the pH value of the reaction system can be adjusted using a sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution (after lipophilic modification) in this invention.

[0044] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the cleaning process in step (3) specifically includes: tilting and fixing the photovoltaic module laminate and performing cyclic processing.

[0045] Preferably, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module laminate is 25-70°, such as 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0046] Preferably, the cleaning agent used in the cleaning treatment includes any one of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and DBE-type mixed diesters; the concentration of the cleaning agent is ≥95%, such as 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0047] Preferably, the temperature of the cleaning process is 40-85℃, such as 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, 85℃, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0048] The cleaning temperature specified in this invention can further improve the dissolution efficiency of residual substances.

[0049] Preferably, the cleaning process takes 10-30 minutes, such as 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0050] Preferably, in the cleaning process, the circulation flow rate is 0.25-0.35 m / s, such as 0.25 m / s, 0.27 m / s, 0.29 m / s, 0.31 m / s, 0.33 m / s, 0.35 m / s, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0051] Preferably, the cleaning process further includes a drying process; the drying temperature is 40-50℃, such as 40℃, 42℃, 44℃, 46℃, 48℃, 50℃, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0052] Preferably, the drying time is 5-10 minutes, such as 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0053] This invention achieves uniform distribution of cleaning agent by optimizing the circulation flow rate of the cleaning process, forming turbulent rinsing; the cleaning process of this invention can thoroughly remove residual soybean oil, lipase and EVA fragments from the surface of photovoltaic modules, with a residual rate of ≤0.1% on the module surface after cleaning.

[0054] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the separation in step (3) includes primary stripping and secondary stripping.

[0055] Preferably, the first-stage peeling separates the backsheet of the photovoltaic module laminate; the second-stage peeling separates the glass and the solar cells of the photovoltaic module laminate.

[0056] The first and second peeling processes of this invention involve no hard contact, no squeezing, and no damage; after swelling and cleaning, the loosely stacked "glass-cell layer-backsheet" structure is peeled off gently and without damage, directly yielding the entire glass, the entire cell layer, and the entire backsheet.

[0057] Preferably, the adsorption force of the first-stage peeling is 0.2-0.6 N / cm. 2 For example, 0.2 N / cm 2 0.3 N / cm 2 0.4 N / cm 2 0.5 N / cm 2 0.6 N / cm 2 This applies to, but is not limited to, the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply.

[0058] Preferably, the adsorption force of the secondary stripping is 0.3-0.7 N / cm. 2 For example, 0.3 N / cm 2 0.4 N / cm 2 0.5 N / cm 2 0.6 N / cm 2 0.7 N / cm 2 This applies to, but is not limited to, the listed values; other unlisted values ​​within the above range also apply.

[0059] In this invention, the adsorption force of the secondary peel is only greater than the weight of the component itself, and much less than the tensile strength of the component, thereby avoiding tearing.

[0060] Secondly, the present invention provides a green and non-destructive photovoltaic module high-efficiency recycling system, the recycling system being used to perform the recycling method described in the first aspect;

[0061] The recycling system includes, in sequence, a dismantling system, a pretreatment system, a swelling separation system, a cleaning system, and a stripping system.

[0062] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the dismantling system includes a conveying device, a lifting device, a 3D image recognition device, an aluminum frame dismantling device, and a junction box dismantling device; the conveying device is used to convey the photovoltaic module to the aluminum frame dismantling device and the junction box dismantling device to dismantle the aluminum frame and the junction box.

[0063] Preferably, the preprocessing system includes a laser emitting device, an energy beam emitting device, and a 3D vision recognition module.

[0064] It should be noted that the operation process of the dismantling system described in this invention includes: continuously and automatically loading waste photovoltaic modules using robots and lifting devices; conveying the photovoltaic modules to a 3D image recognition device via a conveying device; scanning and recognizing the images of the photovoltaic modules to generate data such as length, width, thickness, and junction box position; and transmitting this data to subsequent processes via Ethernet. The junction boxes are then disassembled using a junction box dismantling device, packaged in ton bags, and transported to a warehouse. Subsequently, the photovoltaic modules are conveyed to an aluminum frame dismantling device where the four aluminum frames are dismantled using hydraulic dismantling. The dismantled aluminum frames are then hoisted into ton bags and transported to a warehouse. The photovoltaic modules after aluminum frame dismantling are then conveyed to a pre-processing system.

[0065] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the swelling separation system includes a swelling separation tank; the bottom of the swelling separation tank is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component; the bottom of the swelling separation tank is also provided with an air distribution component; the air distribution component is connected to an aeration blower; the top of the swelling separation tank is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device through a pipe.

[0066] The swelling separation tank is equipped with at least two sets of inclined fixed brackets for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate. The spacing between the at least two sets of fixed brackets is 8-20cm, such as 8cm, 10cm, 12cm, 14cm, 16cm, 18cm, 20cm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0067] In this invention, there are no specific requirements or limitations on the number of swelling separation tanks or the number of photovoltaic module supports installed inside the swelling separation tanks. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments according to different processing volume requirements.

[0068] Preferably, the tilt angle of the fixed bracket is 25-70°, such as 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0069] Preferably, the swelling separation tank is further provided with a heat preservation and heating component, a pH detection component, and a temperature detection component.

[0070] It should be noted that the operation process of the swelling separation system in this invention includes: loading the pretreated photovoltaic module onto the fixed bracket and fixing it; hoisting the fixed photovoltaic module into the swelling separation tank, injecting the green solvent system, and starting the circulation drive device for circulation; turning on the aeration blower device and aerating through the air distribution component; then heating and constant-temperature swelling; after the swelling treatment is completed, hoisting out the photovoltaic module.

[0071] It should be noted that the air distribution assembly includes an air distribution plate; air passing through the air distribution plate generates tiny bubbles of 1-3 mm, breaking the interfacial liquid film resistance.

[0072] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning system includes a cleaning tank and a hot air drying device connected in sequence.

[0073] The bottom of the cleaning tank is provided with a water inlet, which is connected to the water distribution assembly; the top of the cleaning tank is provided with a water outlet, which is connected to the circulation drive device through a pipe.

[0074] The cleaning tank is equipped with at least two sets of inclined fixed brackets for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate. The spacing between the at least two sets of fixed brackets is 8-20cm, such as 8cm, 10cm, 12cm, 14cm, 16cm, 18cm, 20cm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0075] Preferably, the tilt angle of the fixed bracket is 25-70°, such as 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, etc., but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0076] The cleaning tank is also equipped with a heat preservation and heating component and a temperature detection component.

[0077] It should be noted that the operation process of the cleaning system described in this invention includes: hoisting the photovoltaic module laminate that has undergone swelling treatment into the cleaning tank; injecting cleaning agent and starting the circulation drive device for circulation stirring; then performing heating cleaning; after cleaning is completed, hoisting out the photovoltaic module laminate and using a hot air drying device for blowing.

[0078] Preferably, the peeling system includes a positioning device, a targeted vacuum adsorption system, and a peeling scraper.

[0079] Preferably, the positioning device is used to fix the photovoltaic module; the targeted vacuum adsorption system is used to adsorb the edges of the photovoltaic module and separate the backsheet, cells and glass.

[0080] Preferably, the peeling scraper is made of a flexible material to assist in separating the backsheet, battery cells, and glass; the flexible material includes polytetrafluoroethylene; the thickness of the peeling scraper is 0.5-1.5mm, such as 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 0.9mm, 1.1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0081] In this invention, the peeling scraper is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (thickness 0.5-1.5mm, Shore hardness 30) and is used only for “interface separation guidance”. The insertion force is ≤0.2N, and it is gently inserted along the interface of the component without scratching or squeezing.

[0082] It should be noted that the stripping system in this invention is adapted to single-glass / double-glass modules. The operation process of the stripping system includes: when separating a single-glass module, the first-stage stripping uses a targeted vacuum adsorption system to adsorb the edge of the backsheet and lift it vertically. The stripping scraper is then inserted along the interface between the backsheet and the cell layer to achieve the stripping of the entire backsheet and collect it into the backsheet storage rack.

[0083] The secondary stripping process uses a glass-specific strip suction cup in a targeted vacuum adsorption system to adsorb the glass edge and lift it vertically. The stripping scraper is then gently inserted along the interface between the glass and the battery cell layer to peel off the entire piece of glass and collect it into a glass storage rack.

[0084] The remaining battery cell layer is left on the positioning platform and gently removed manually or mechanically, then collected into an anti-static storage box.

[0085] When separating double-glass modules, a symmetrical design of dual strip suction cups in the targeted vacuum adsorption system is adopted to adsorb the edges of the glass on both sides. Simultaneous gentle lifting and gentle insertion of a flexible scraper are used to achieve the peeling of the entire glass on both sides from the entire battery cell layer in the middle. The parameters are consistent with those of single-glass modules. The peeling time for a single piece is ≤1min, and the efficiency is matched with the preceding system.

[0086] The targeted vacuum adsorption system uses a vacuum suction cup to adsorb only the edge area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (1-4cm from the edge, avoiding the effective area), and the adsorption force is precise and controllable. The photovoltaic module is fixed by a flexible positioning method. The photovoltaic panel is placed flat on the flexible positioning platform (the surface is covered with a 2-8mm silicone buffer layer), and the edge of the photovoltaic panel is lightly fixed by pneumatic buckles (no pressure, only to prevent displacement) to avoid scratching the glass.

[0087] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0088] (1) The present invention adopts laser minimally invasive window opening pretreatment technology to accurately penetrate the glass to expose the EVA bonding interface without damaging the overall structure of the photovoltaic panel or the battery cells, laying the foundation for efficient mass transfer. The silicon wafer integrity rate is ≥95%, and the glass and back sheet are free from breakage and scratches. They can be directly recycled after recycling.

[0089] (2) This invention solves the core pain points of insufficient solvent contact and slow penetration of complete modules by tilting and fixing photovoltaic modules, optimizing solvent flow rate and combining circulating aeration and stirring, and ternary synergistic mass transfer, and greatly shortens the EVA swelling time;

[0090] (3) This invention achieves the triple function of “viscosity reduction + enzyme stabilization + penetration promotion” by using a green solvent system of vegetable oil-lipase-polyol organic solvent, and is 100% non-toxic and recyclable;

[0091] (4) By adapting the structure of the cleaning device and the swelling separation device, and combining the circulating turbulent rinsing, temperature control and blowing and drying treatment, the present invention can ensure that the residue is completely removed and the residual rate on the surface of the component after cleaning is ≤0.1%. Attached Figure Description

[0092] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a green and non-destructive high-efficiency recycling method for photovoltaic modules provided by this invention.

[0093] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the results of the swelling separation system and the cleaning system in a green and non-destructive photovoltaic module high-efficiency recycling system provided by the present invention.

[0094] Among them, 1-swelling separation tank; 2-air distribution assembly; 3-water distribution assembly; 4-aeration blower; 5-heating and insulation assembly; 6-pH detection assembly; 7-temperature detection assembly; 8-photovoltaic module laminate; 9-fixed bracket; 10-inspection port; 11-circulating water inlet pipeline; 12-mixer; 13-dosing pipeline; 14-solvent inlet pipeline; 15-mixed pipeline; 16-drain pipeline; 17-flow meter; 18-circulating pump outlet pipeline; 19-circulating drive device; 20-electric hoist; 21-electric hoist guide rail;

[0095] 22-Cleaning tank; 23-Circulating water inlet pipeline; 24-Circulating drive device; 25-Circulating pump outlet pipeline; 26-Drain pipeline; 27-Flow meter; 28-Water distribution assembly; 29-Inlet pipeline; 30-Circulating pump inlet pipeline; 31-Photovoltaic module laminate; 32-Fixing bracket; 33-Temperature detection assembly; 34-Insulation and heating assembly; 35-Inspection hole; 36-Hot air drying device; 37-Hot air to recovery pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0096] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following examples are merely simplified examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims.

[0097] Example 1

[0098] This embodiment provides a green and non-destructive method for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules, and its process flow diagram is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the recycling method includes:

[0099] (1) Remove the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module laminate;

[0100] (2) The photovoltaic module laminate is pretreated and then immersed in a green solvent system for swelling treatment to obtain the treated photovoltaic module laminate;

[0101] The pretreatment specifically includes: using a nanosecond pulsed laser to etch micropores in a plum blossom pattern on the glass layer surface of the photovoltaic module laminate; then using an infrared laser to etch a longitudinal and transverse network of channels into the EVA adhesive layer of the photovoltaic module laminate, and the longitudinal and transverse network is connected to the micropores.

[0102] The pore size of the micropores is 0.3 mm; the spacing of the plum blossom-shaped distribution is 4 cm; the etching depth of the nanosecond pulsed laser is equal to the glass layer thickness of the photovoltaic module laminate, which is 2 mm; the groove depth of the channel is 0.2 mm; and the grid spacing of the longitudinal and transverse network is 6 cm.

[0103] The green solvent system comprises 90% soybean oil, 5% Candida lipase, and 5% PEG-400;

[0104] The swelling treatment specifically includes: fixing the photovoltaic module laminate at a 25° angle and performing a circulating aeration treatment; the solvent flow rate of the circulating aeration treatment is 0.15 m / s, the aeration pressure is 0.07 MPa; the temperature of the swelling treatment is 60°C, and the pH is 5;

[0105] (3) The photovoltaic module laminate after processing is cleaned and then separated to complete the recycling of the photovoltaic module;

[0106] The cleaning process specifically includes: fixing the photovoltaic module laminate at a 25° angle and performing a circulation process; the cleaning agent used in the cleaning process is dipropylene glycol methyl ether; the concentration of the cleaning agent is 95%; the cleaning temperature is 40°C, the time is 30 minutes, and the circulation flow rate is 0.25 m / s; the cleaning process is followed by a drying process; the drying temperature is 40°C, and the time is 10 minutes.

[0107] The separation includes primary stripping and secondary stripping; the primary stripping separates the backsheet of the photovoltaic module laminate; the secondary stripping separates the glass and solar cells of the photovoltaic module laminate; the adsorption force of the primary stripping is 0.2 N / cm. 2 The adsorption force of the secondary stripping is 0.3 N / cm. 2 .

[0108] Example 2

[0109] This embodiment provides a green and non-destructive photovoltaic module efficient recycling method, the recycling method including:

[0110] (1) Remove the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module laminate;

[0111] (2) The photovoltaic module laminate is pretreated and then immersed in a green solvent system for swelling treatment to obtain the treated photovoltaic module laminate;

[0112] The pretreatment specifically includes: using a picosecond pulsed laser to etch micropores in a plum blossom pattern on the glass layer surface of the photovoltaic module laminate; then using ultrasound to etch a longitudinal and transverse network of channels into the EVA adhesive layer of the photovoltaic module laminate, and the longitudinal and transverse network is connected to the micropores.

[0113] The pore size of the micropores is 0.5 mm; the spacing of the plum blossom-shaped distribution is 6 cm; the etching depth of the picosecond pulse laser is equal to the glass layer thickness of the photovoltaic module laminate, which is 4 mm; the groove depth of the channel is 0.25 mm; and the grid spacing of the longitudinal and transverse network is 7 cm.

[0114] The green solvent system comprises 85% rapeseed oil, 7% Candida antarctica lipase B, and 8% PEG-600;

[0115] The swelling treatment specifically includes: fixing the photovoltaic module laminate at a 45° angle and performing a circulating aeration treatment; the solvent flow rate of the circulating aeration treatment is 0.3 m / s, the aeration pressure is 0.12 MPa; the temperature of the swelling treatment is 65°C, and the pH is 6;

[0116] (3) The photovoltaic module laminate after processing is cleaned and then separated to complete the recycling of the photovoltaic module;

[0117] The cleaning process specifically includes: fixing the photovoltaic module laminate at a 45° angle and performing a circulation process; the cleaning agent used in the cleaning process is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; the concentration of the cleaning agent is 96%; the cleaning temperature is 60°C, the time is 20 minutes, and the circulation flow rate is 0.3 m / s; the cleaning process is followed by a drying process; the drying temperature is 45°C, and the time is 8 minutes.

[0118] The separation includes primary stripping and secondary stripping; the primary stripping separates the backsheet of the photovoltaic module laminate; the secondary stripping separates the glass and solar cells of the photovoltaic module laminate; the adsorption force of the primary stripping is 0.4 N / cm. 2 The adsorption force of the secondary stripping is 0.5 N / cm. 2 .

[0119] Example 3

[0120] This embodiment provides a green and non-destructive photovoltaic module efficient recycling method, the recycling method including:

[0121] (1) Remove the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module laminate;

[0122] (2) The photovoltaic module laminate is pretreated and then immersed in a green solvent system for swelling treatment to obtain the treated photovoltaic module laminate;

[0123] The pretreatment specifically includes: using a nanosecond pulsed laser to etch micropores in a plum blossom pattern on the glass layer surface of the photovoltaic module laminate; then using pulsed light to etch a longitudinal and transverse network of channels into the EVA adhesive layer of the photovoltaic module laminate, and the longitudinal and transverse network is connected to the micropores.

[0124] The pore size of the micropores is 1 mm; the spacing of the plum blossom-shaped distribution is 8 cm; the etching depth of the nanosecond pulsed laser is equal to the glass layer thickness of the photovoltaic module laminate, which is 8 mm; the groove depth of the channel is 0.3 mm; and the grid spacing of the longitudinal and transverse network is 8 cm.

[0125] The green solvent system comprises 92% rice bran oil, 4% Rhizopus oryzae lipase and 4% PFG-300;

[0126] The swelling treatment specifically includes: fixing the photovoltaic module laminate at a 70° angle and performing a circulating aeration treatment; the solvent flow rate of the circulating aeration treatment is 0.5 m / s, the aeration pressure is 0.18 MPa; the temperature of the swelling treatment is 70°C, and the pH is 7;

[0127] (3) The photovoltaic module laminate after processing is cleaned and then separated to complete the recycling of the photovoltaic module;

[0128] The cleaning process specifically includes: fixing the photovoltaic module laminate at a 70° angle and performing a circulation process; the cleaning agent used in the cleaning process is a DBE-type mixed diester; the concentration of the cleaning agent is 96.2%; the cleaning temperature is 85°C, the time is 10 minutes, and the circulation flow rate is 0.35 m / s; the cleaning process is followed by a drying process; the drying temperature is 50°C, and the time is 5 minutes.

[0129] The separation includes primary stripping and secondary stripping; the primary stripping separates the backsheet of the photovoltaic module laminate; the secondary stripping separates the glass and solar cells of the photovoltaic module laminate; the adsorption force of the primary stripping is 0.6 N / cm.2 The adsorption force of the secondary stripping is 0.7 N / cm. 2 .

[0130] Example 4

[0131] This embodiment provides a green and non-destructive method for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in the swelling treatment in step (2), the photovoltaic module laminate is fixed horizontally. All other aspects are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0132] In Example 4, the photovoltaic module laminate is fixed horizontally without an efficient mass transfer oblique mounting layout. This results in a small contact area and short contact time between the photovoltaic module laminate and the green solvent system, which in turn leads to insufficient softening of EVA and inability to effectively peel off the EVA adhesive layer.

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] This comparative example provides a green and non-destructive method for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules. The difference from Example 1 is that no pretreatment is performed in step (2), but the photovoltaic module laminate is crushed. All other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0135] In Comparative Example 1, the lack of pretreatment and the crushing of the photovoltaic module laminate resulted in the inability to obtain complete cells, glass, and backsheets, and also led to a prolonged EVA swelling time, thus affecting processing efficiency.

[0136] Comparative Example 2

[0137] This comparative example provides a green and non-destructive method for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules. The difference between this method and Example 1 is that in step (2), PEG-400 is replaced with Candida lipase in equal quantities. All other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0138] In Comparative Example 2, the lack of PEG-400 resulted in a significant increase in processing costs and a low enzyme survival rate, making recycling impossible. In contrast, this invention utilizes a soybean oil-enzyme-PEG composite green system, which reduces processing costs by more than 50% compared to organic solvent methods and by more than 30% compared to single vegetable oil-enzyme methods. Furthermore, the enzyme activity retention rate is ≥90%, and the solvent can be recycled more than 8 times.

[0139] Application Example 1

[0140] This application example provides a green and non-destructive photovoltaic module high-efficiency recycling system, which is used to perform the recycling method described in Example 1;

[0141] The recycling system includes: a dismantling system, a pretreatment system, a swelling separation system, a cleaning system, and a stripping system connected in sequence; wherein the structural diagrams of the swelling separation system and the cleaning system are shown below. Figure 2 As shown;

[0142] The dismantling system includes a conveying device, a lifting device, a 3D image recognition device, an aluminum frame dismantling device, and a junction box dismantling device; the conveying device is used to transport the photovoltaic modules to the aluminum frame dismantling device and the junction box dismantling device for dismantling the aluminum frame and the junction box.

[0143] The preprocessing system includes a laser emitting device, an energy beam emitting device, and a 3D vision recognition module;

[0144] The swelling separation system includes a swelling separation tank 1; the bottom of the swelling separation tank 1 is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component 3; the bottom of the swelling separation tank 1 is also provided with an air distribution component 2; the air distribution component 2 is connected to an aeration blower 4; the top of the swelling separation tank 1 is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device 19 through a pipe; at least two sets of inclined fixed supports 9 are provided inside the swelling separation tank 1 for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate 8; the distance between the at least two sets of fixed supports 9 is 8cm; the inclination angle of the fixed supports 9 is 25°; the swelling separation tank 1 is also provided with a heat preservation and heating component 5, a pH detection component 6, and a temperature detection component 7;

[0145] The cleaning system includes a cleaning tank 22 and a hot air drying device 36 connected in sequence; the bottom of the cleaning tank 22 is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component 28; the top of the cleaning tank 22 is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device 24 through a pipe; at least two sets of fixed brackets 32 are provided inside the cleaning tank 22 for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate 31; the distance between the at least two sets of fixed brackets 32 is 8cm; the tilt angle of the fixed brackets 32 is 25°; the cleaning tank 22 is also provided with a heat preservation and heating component 34 and a temperature detection component 33;

[0146] The stripping system includes a positioning device, a targeted vacuum adsorption system, and a stripping scraper; the positioning device is used to fix the photovoltaic module; the targeted vacuum adsorption system is used to adsorb the edges of the photovoltaic module and separate the backsheet, solar cells, and glass; the stripping scraper is made of a flexible material to assist in separating the backsheet, solar cells, and glass; the flexible material is polytetrafluoroethylene; the thickness of the stripping scraper is 0.5 mm.

[0147] Application Example 2

[0148] This application example provides a green and non-destructive photovoltaic module high-efficiency recycling system, which is used to perform the recycling method described in Example 2;

[0149] The recycling system includes, in sequence, a dismantling system, a pretreatment system, a swelling separation system, a cleaning system, and a stripping system;

[0150] The dismantling system includes a conveying device, a lifting device, a 3D image recognition device, an aluminum frame dismantling device, and a junction box dismantling device; the conveying device is used to transport the photovoltaic modules to the aluminum frame dismantling device and the junction box dismantling device for dismantling the aluminum frame and the junction box.

[0151] The preprocessing system includes a laser emitting device, an energy beam emitting device, and a 3D vision recognition module;

[0152] The swelling separation system includes a swelling separation tank 1; the bottom of the swelling separation tank 1 is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component 3; the bottom of the swelling separation tank 1 is also provided with an air distribution component 2; the air distribution component 2 is connected to an aeration blower 4; the top of the swelling separation tank 1 is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device 19 through a pipe; at least two sets of inclined fixed supports 9 are provided inside the swelling separation tank 1 for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate 8; the distance between the at least two sets of fixed supports 9 is 14cm; the inclination angle of the fixed supports 9 is 45°; the swelling separation tank 1 is also provided with a heat preservation and heating component 5, a pH detection component 6, and a temperature detection component 7;

[0153] The cleaning system includes a cleaning tank 22 and a hot air drying device 36 connected in sequence; the bottom of the cleaning tank 22 is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component 28; the top of the cleaning tank 22 is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device 24 through a pipe; at least two sets of fixed brackets 32 are provided inside the cleaning tank 22 for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate 31; the distance between the at least two sets of fixed brackets 32 is 14cm; the tilt angle of the fixed brackets 32 is 45°; the cleaning tank 22 is also provided with a heat preservation and heating component 34 and a temperature detection component 33;

[0154] The stripping system includes a positioning device, a targeted vacuum adsorption system, and a stripping scraper; the positioning device is used to fix the photovoltaic module; the targeted vacuum adsorption system is used to adsorb the edges of the photovoltaic module to separate the backsheet, solar cells, and glass; the stripping scraper is made of a flexible material to assist in separating the backsheet, solar cells, and glass; the flexible material is polytetrafluoroethylene; the thickness of the stripping scraper is 1 mm.

[0155] Application Example 3

[0156] This application example provides a green and non-destructive photovoltaic module high-efficiency recycling system, which is used to perform the recycling method described in Example 3;

[0157] The recycling system includes, in sequence, a dismantling system, a pretreatment system, a swelling separation system, a cleaning system, and a stripping system;

[0158] The dismantling system includes a conveying device, a lifting device, a 3D image recognition device, an aluminum frame dismantling device, and a junction box dismantling device; the conveying device is used to transport the photovoltaic modules to the aluminum frame dismantling device and the junction box dismantling device for dismantling the aluminum frame and the junction box.

[0159] The preprocessing system includes a laser emitting device, an energy beam emitting device, and a 3D vision recognition module;

[0160] The swelling separation system includes a swelling separation tank 1; the bottom of the swelling separation tank 1 is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component 3; the bottom of the swelling separation tank 1 is also provided with an air distribution component 2; the air distribution component 2 is connected to an aeration blower 4; the top of the swelling separation tank 1 is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device 19 through a pipe; at least two sets of inclined fixed supports 9 are provided inside the swelling separation tank 1 for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate 8; the distance between the at least two sets of fixed supports 9 is 20cm; the inclination angle of the fixed supports 9 is 70°; the swelling separation tank 1 is also provided with a heat preservation and heating component 5, a pH detection component 6, and a temperature detection component 7;

[0161] The cleaning system includes a cleaning tank 22 and a hot air drying device 36 connected in sequence; the bottom of the cleaning tank 22 is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component 28; the top of the cleaning tank 22 is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device 24 through a pipe; at least two sets of fixed brackets 32 are provided inside the cleaning tank 22 for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate 31; the distance between the at least two sets of fixed brackets 32 is 20cm; the tilt angle of the fixed brackets 32 is 70°; the cleaning tank 22 is also provided with a heat preservation and heating component 34 and a temperature detection component 33;

[0162] The stripping system includes a positioning device, a targeted vacuum adsorption system, and a stripping scraper; the positioning device is used to fix the photovoltaic module; the targeted vacuum adsorption system is used to adsorb the edges of the photovoltaic module and separate the backsheet, solar cells, and glass; the stripping scraper is made of a flexible material to assist in separating the backsheet, solar cells, and glass; the flexible material is polytetrafluoroethylene; the thickness of the stripping scraper is 1.5 mm.

[0163] Application Example 4

[0164] This application example provides a green and non-destructive high-efficiency recycling system for photovoltaic modules. The recycling system is used to perform the recycling method described in Example 4, that is, the fixed support 9 in the swelling separation tank 1 is set horizontally, the fixed support 32 in the cleaning tank 22 is set horizontally, and everything else is the same as in Application Example 1.

[0165] Comparative Application Example 1

[0166] This comparative application example provides a green and non-destructive high-efficiency recycling system for photovoltaic modules. The recycling system is used to perform the recycling method described in Comparative Example 1, i.e., excluding the pretreatment system, and is otherwise the same as in Application Example 1.

[0167] Comparative Application Example 2

[0168] This comparative application example provides a green and non-destructive high-efficiency recycling system for photovoltaic modules. The recycling system is used to perform the recycling method described in Comparative Example 2, and all other aspects are the same as in Application Example 1.

[0169] In summary, this invention provides a green and non-destructive method and system for the efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules. The recycling method employs laser-guided micro-ventilation pretreatment technology to precisely penetrate the glass and expose the EVA bonding interface without damaging the overall structure of the photovoltaic panel or the solar cells, laying the foundation for efficient mass transfer. The silicon wafer integrity rate is ≥95%, and the glass and backsheet are free from breakage or scratches, allowing for direct recycling. By tilting and fixing the photovoltaic module, optimizing the solvent flow rate, and combining it with circulating aeration and stirring, the ternary synergistic mass transfer addresses the core pain points of insufficient solvent contact and slow penetration in intact modules, significantly shortening the EVA swelling time. The green solvent system, consisting of vegetable oil, lipase, and polyol organic solvents, achieves a triple function of "viscosity reduction + enzyme stabilization + penetration promotion," and is 100% non-toxic and recyclable. By adapting the structure of the cleaning device to the swelling separation device, and combining circulating turbulent rinsing, temperature control, and purging drying, complete removal of residues is ensured, with a residual rate of ≤0.1% on the module surface after cleaning.

[0170] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green and non-destructive method for efficient recycling of photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, The recycling method includes: (1) Remove the aluminum frame and junction box of the photovoltaic module to obtain the photovoltaic module laminate; (2) The photovoltaic module laminate is pretreated and then immersed in a green solvent system for swelling treatment to obtain the treated photovoltaic module laminate; the green solvent system includes vegetable oil, lipase and polyol organic solvent; (3) The photovoltaic module laminate after the treatment is cleaned and then separated to complete the recycling of the photovoltaic module.

2. The recycling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment in step (2) specifically includes: using a laser beam to etch micropores in a plum blossom pattern on the glass layer surface of the photovoltaic module laminate; then using an energy beam to etch a longitudinal and transverse network of channels into the EVA adhesive layer of the photovoltaic module laminate, and the longitudinal and transverse network is connected to the micropores; Preferably, the laser beam includes a nanosecond pulse laser or a picosecond pulse laser; the aperture of the micropore is 0.3-1 mm; the spacing of the plum blossom-shaped distribution is 4-8 cm; the etching depth of the laser beam is equal to the thickness of the glass layer of the photovoltaic module laminate, which is 2-8 mm. Preferably, the energy beam includes any one of infrared laser, ultrasound, pulsed light, and microwave; the groove depth of the channel is 0.2-0.3 mm; and the grid spacing of the longitudinal and transverse network is 6-8 cm.

3. The recycling method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The vegetable oil mentioned in step (2) includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: soybean oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, palm oil, and refined waste cooking oil. Preferably, the lipase includes any one of Candida antarctica lipase, Candida antarctica lipase B, Thermophilus spp. lipase, and Rhizopus oryzae lipase. Preferably, the polyol organic solvent includes any one of PEG-400, PEG-600, PFG-300, glycerol, and 1,2-propanediol; Preferably, the green solvent system comprises, by mass percentage: 85-92% vegetable oil, 3-7% lipase, and 3-10% polyol organic solvent.

4. The recycling method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The swelling treatment in step (2) specifically includes: tilting and fixing the photovoltaic module laminate and performing circulating aeration treatment; Preferably, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module laminate is 25-70°; the solvent flow rate of the circulating aeration treatment is 0.15-0.5 m / s; and the aeration pressure of the circulating aeration treatment is 0.07-0.18 MPa. Preferably, the swelling treatment temperature is 60-70℃; the swelling treatment pH is 5-7.

5. The recycling method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The cleaning process in step (3) specifically includes: tilting and fixing the photovoltaic module laminate and performing cyclic processing; Preferably, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module laminate is 25-70°. Preferably, the cleaning agent used in the cleaning process includes any one of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and DBE-type mixed diesters; the concentration of the cleaning agent is ≥95%. Preferably, the temperature of the cleaning process is 40-85℃; Preferably, the cleaning process takes 10-30 minutes; Preferably, in the cleaning process, the circulation flow rate is 0.25-0.35 m / s; Preferably, the cleaning process further includes a drying process; the drying process is carried out at a temperature of 40-50°C for 5-10 minutes.

6. The recycling method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The separation in step (3) includes primary stripping and secondary stripping; Preferably, the first-stage peeling separates the backsheet of the photovoltaic module laminate; the second-stage peeling separates the glass and the solar cells of the photovoltaic module laminate. Preferably, the first peeling adsorption force is 0.2-0.6 N / cm 2 ; Preferably, the adsorption force of the secondary stripping is 0.3-0.7 N / cm. 2 .

7. A green, non-destructive, high-efficiency recycling system for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, The recycling system is used to perform the recycling method according to any one of claims 1-6; The recycling system includes, in sequence, a dismantling system, a pretreatment system, a swelling separation system, a cleaning system, and a stripping system.

8. The recycling system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dismantling system includes a conveying device, a lifting device, a 3D image recognition device, an aluminum frame dismantling device, and a junction box dismantling device; the conveying device is used to transport the photovoltaic modules to the aluminum frame dismantling device and the junction box dismantling device for dismantling the aluminum frame and the junction box. Preferably, the preprocessing system includes a laser emitting device, an energy beam emitting device, and a 3D vision recognition module.

9. The recycling system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The swelling separation system includes a swelling separation tank; the bottom of the swelling separation tank is provided with a water inlet and connected to a water distribution component; the bottom of the swelling separation tank is also provided with an air distribution component; the air distribution component is connected to an aeration blower; the top of the swelling separation tank is provided with a water outlet and connected to a circulation drive device through a pipeline. The swelling separation tank is equipped with at least two sets of inclined fixing brackets for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate; the distance between the at least two sets of fixing brackets is 8-20cm; the tilt angle of the fixing brackets is 25-70°. Preferably, the swelling separation tank is further provided with a heat preservation and heating component, a pH detection component, and a temperature detection component.

10. The recycling system according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The cleaning system includes a cleaning tank and a hot air drying device connected in sequence. The bottom of the cleaning tank is provided with a water inlet and is connected to the water distribution assembly; the top of the cleaning tank is provided with a water outlet and is connected to the circulation drive device through a pipe. The cleaning tank is equipped with at least two sets of inclined fixing brackets for fixing the photovoltaic module laminate; the distance between the at least two sets of fixing brackets is 8-20cm; the tilt angle of the fixing brackets is 25-70°. The cleaning tank is also equipped with a heat preservation and heating component and a temperature detection component; Preferably, the peeling system includes a positioning device, a targeted vacuum adsorption system, and a peeling scraper; Preferably, the positioning device is used to fix the photovoltaic module; the targeted vacuum adsorption system is used to adsorb the edges of the photovoltaic module and separate the backsheet, solar cells and glass. Preferably, the peeling scraper is made of a flexible material to assist in separating the backsheet, battery cells, and glass; the flexible material includes polytetrafluoroethylene; and the thickness of the peeling scraper is 0.5-1.5 mm.

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