Rotary plug type vertical vacuum plug hole machine

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of PCB processing equipment, and relates to a rotary plug-in type vertical vacuum hole plugging machine. The machine comprises a vacuum cavity, a hole plugging assembly, a driving mechanism and a clamping plate assembly. The position of the hole plugging assembly and / or the clamping plate assembly is adjustable. The hole plugging assembly comprises a front plug head and a rear plug head arranged oppositely and used for hole plugging. The distance between the front plug head and the rear plug head in the horizontal direction is adjustable to avoid or clamp the PCB. The clamping plate assembly is located in the vacuum cavity and used for clamping the PCB. The driving mechanism is connected with the clamping plate assembly and drives the clamping plate assembly to turn around a vertical shaft to turn over the PCB to plug holes. The present application plugs holes on both sides of the PCB by rotating the PCB, reduces the frequency of breaking and pumping vacuum, and improves the hole plugging efficiency. Meanwhile, the present application avoids manual turning over of the PCB, reduces the labor intensity, avoids contamination and damage of the PCB, and ensures the product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of PCB board processing equipment, specifically relating to a rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine. Background Technology

[0002] Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential basic components in electronic devices. During their manufacturing process, resin ink needs to be precisely injected into the through-holes and blind holes on the PCB under a vacuum environment. This process is called hole plugging, which prevents solder from flowing to the other side and causing short circuits during soldering, and also improves the flatness and reliability of the PCB.

[0003] Vacuum via plugging machines, as specialized equipment in this field, typically consist of two parts: an ink supply system and a via plugging system. The ink supply system provides the resin ink used for via plugging, while the via plugging system injects the ink into the holes of the PCB board under vacuum by tightly adhering to the plugging head mechanism. A typical example of a vacuum via plugging machine is a fully automatic integrated vacuum via plugging machine disclosed in Chinese patent application CN120224569A. This machine includes a base frame, a via plugging device, an ink scraping device, and a transfer mechanism. The via plugging device completes the via plugging process on the PCB board, the ink scraping device completes the oiling and ink scraping processes on the PCB board, and the transfer mechanism moves the PCB board to be plugged into the clamping mechanism within the via plugging device or moves the plugged PCB board into the clamping mechanism of the ink scraping device. The via plugging device includes a front plug and a rear plug arranged opposite each other, with the PCB board clamped in the ink-plugging channel formed between the front and rear plugs.

[0004] Typically, during via plugging, ink exits from one of the front or rear plugs, while the other plug serves an auxiliary function. Therefore, in actual production, for PCBs requiring double-sided via plugging, the common method is to first plug the front side, then break the vacuum, manually flip the PCB, and then re-vacuum for the reverse side plugging. In batch production, this method requires frequent vacuuming and breaking, resulting in high labor intensity for operators and significantly reduced plugging efficiency. Furthermore, the manual removal, flipping, and reloading of the PCB can easily cause contamination and mechanical damage, affecting product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine to solve the technical problem that existing vacuum plugging machines need to frequently break the vacuum environment when plugging PCBs that require double-sided plugging, resulting in reduced plugging efficiency and difficulty in ensuring plugging quality.

[0006] The technical solution of the rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine provided by this invention is as follows: A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine includes a vacuum chamber and a plugging assembly located within the vacuum chamber, as well as a drive mechanism and a clamping plate assembly. The positions of the plugging assembly and the clamping plate assembly are adjustable. The plugging assembly includes a front plug and a rear plug arranged opposite to each other for plugging holes. The horizontal distance between the front plug and the rear plug is adjustable to avoid or clamp the PCB board. The clamping plate assembly is located inside the vacuum chamber and is used to clamp the PCB board; The driving mechanism is connected to the clamping plate assembly and drives the clamping plate assembly to rotate around the vertical axis, so as to flip the PCB board and plug the holes.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this invention uses a driving mechanism to directly flip the PCB board within a vacuum chamber to perform double-sided hole plugging on the PCB. After one side of the PCB is plugged, only the distance and height of the front and rear plugs need to be adjusted to allow the PCB to be removed. Under the drive of the driving mechanism, automatic flipping is achieved. The distance and height of the front and rear plugs are adjusted again to clamp the PCB, thereby achieving hole plugging on the other side. This reduces the frequency of vacuum breaking and vacuuming, and improves hole plugging efficiency. At the same time, there is no need for manual removal of the PCB, reducing labor intensity, avoiding the problem of missed flipping during manual flipping, and preventing contamination and mechanical damage to the PCB during removal and reloading, thus ensuring product quality.

[0008] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a rotary driving mechanism and a transverse driving mechanism. The output end of the transverse driving mechanism is fixed to the output end of the rotary driving mechanism, and the output end of the transverse driving mechanism is fixed to the clamping plate assembly to drive the clamping plate assembly to adjust its position in the horizontal direction.

[0009] Beneficial effects: After the PCB board is flipped, the horizontal movement drive mechanism can adjust the position of the PCB board in the horizontal direction, so that the PCB board and the corresponding plug are kept at a suitable distance, ensuring that the front and rear plugs and the PCB board can form a good sealing effect, avoiding problems such as insufficient clamping force or excessive compression caused by different PCB board thicknesses; the horizontal movement drive mechanism can move the PCB board to the hole plugging operation position, or to a safe rotation position, preventing the PCB board from colliding with other parts during rotation, and can also move the PCB board that has been plugged to a position that is easy to unload, improving the convenience of operation and safety of the vacuum hole plugging machine; in addition, the rotation drive mechanism and the horizontal movement drive mechanism are integrated together, making the structure more compact.

[0010] Furthermore, the lateral drive mechanism is a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism, including a mounting base, a lateral lead screw rotatably mounted on the mounting base, and a movable seat that slides with the mounting base, the movable seat being threadedly engaged with the lateral lead screw; the clamping plate assembly is connected to the movable seat.

[0011] Beneficial effects: The use of a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism as the lateral drive mechanism allows for precise control of the horizontal movement distance of the clamping plate assembly. This ensures that the PCB board is accurately adjusted to the preset hole-filling position after flipping, guaranteeing that the distance between the front and rear plugs and the PCB board meets process requirements and improving hole-filling quality. The sliding fit between the movable seat and the mounting seat provides stable guidance for the movement of the clamping plate assembly, preventing it from shifting during movement and ensuring the positional accuracy of the PCB board.

[0012] Furthermore, the clamping plate assembly includes a clamping seat and a clamping member that can extend and retract horizontally relative to the clamping seat. The clamping seat is provided with a limiting step, which has a horizontal limiting surface and a vertical limiting surface for engaging with the PCB board. The clamping member is used to press the PCB board firmly at the limiting step.

[0013] Beneficial effects: By setting limiting steps with horizontal and vertical limiting surfaces on the clamp, precise positioning can be provided for PCB board loading. Operators only need to place the PCB board against the limiting steps to complete the initial positioning, reducing the difficulty of loading operations. At the same time, it ensures the positional accuracy of the PCB board on the clamp assembly and avoids the deviation of the plugging position caused by loading misalignment. The clamping component can firmly press the PCB board at the limiting steps, preventing the PCB board from loosening or shifting during rotation and plugging.

[0014] Furthermore, the plugging assembly includes a front plug holder and a rear plug holder, wherein the front plug and the rear plug are detachably assembled with their respective front plug holders and rear plug holders.

[0015] Beneficial effects: It facilitates the replacement of plugs of the appropriate size according to different PCB board specifications, and improves the adaptability of the vacuum plugging machine to different PCB board models.

[0016] Furthermore, one of the front plug and the rear plug is a fixed plug that is fixed in position in the horizontal direction to serve as a reference for the plugging hole; the other is a movable plug that is adjustable in position in the horizontal direction.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The fixed plug can form a stable plugging reference surface, avoiding positioning errors caused by the simultaneous movement of two plugs and improving the accuracy of plugging operations; at the same time, the fixed plug has better structural rigidity and can withstand greater clamping force, providing stable support for the PCB board during plugging operations and ensuring the pressure bearing capacity of the sealed chamber; in addition, using a single fixed plug can reduce space occupation and provide more room for the movable plug to move.

[0018] Furthermore, the plugging assembly also includes a plug driving cylinder, the piston rod of which is detachably connected to the movable plug, and the movable plug and the corresponding plug fixing seat slide in the horizontal direction.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The plug drive cylinder can provide a stable driving force for the movable plug, enabling the horizontal movement of the movable plug and completing the clamping and releasing action on the PCB board; in addition, when using a fixed plug, the space saved can be used to enlarge the plug drive cylinder, thereby increasing the upper limit of the clamping force. The greater the clamping force of the front and rear plugs and the better the structural rigidity, the greater the pressure that the closed cavity formed after clamping can withstand, and the stronger the ink penetration. This makes it suitable for plugging operations on PCB boards with greater thickness and smaller plug hole diameters.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a lifting assembly, the power output end of which is sealed inside the vacuum cavity and connected to the plugging assembly for transmission, so as to drive the plugging assembly to move up and down in the vertical direction.

[0021] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes at least two lifting drive sources, at least two lifting screws, at least two lifting nuts, and at least two guide shafts. The lifting drive sources are disposed outside the vacuum chamber and are connected to the lifting screws in a corresponding transmission manner. The lifting nuts are threadedly connected to the lifting screws in a corresponding manner. Each lifting nut is connected to a plugging assembly. Each guide shaft is fixed inside the vacuum chamber. The plugging assembly and each guide shaft are guided and slidably engaged in the vertical direction.

[0022] Beneficial effects: On the one hand, it can precisely control the lifting height of the entire plugging assembly; on the other hand, it can ensure the smooth lifting process of the plugging assembly.

[0023] Furthermore, the plugging assembly also includes two ink supply lines arranged in parallel. The two ink supply lines are used to supply ink to the front plug and the rear plug, respectively. Each of the two ink supply lines is equipped with an ink-cutting assembly. The ink-cutting assembly has a retractable pipe clamping structure, which achieves the switching of ink flow path by clamping the corresponding ink supply line.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The ink-cutting component achieves the switching of ink flow path through the telescopic tube clamping structure, which can directly switch the ink supply direction after the PCB board is flipped, without the need to adjust the overall structure of the ink supply system, thus improving the efficiency of double-sided hole plugging operation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view; Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA section view; Figure 4 for Figure 2 BB section view; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure between the rotary drive mechanism, the transverse drive mechanism, and the clamping plate assembly. Figure 7 for Figure 6 Top view; Figure 8 for Figure 7 CC section view; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping plate assembly; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Side view; Figure 11 This is a side view of the clamp. Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the plugging assembly; Figure 13 Top view of the plug assembly; Figure 14 A bottom view of the plug assembly; Figure 15 for Figure 13 DD sectional view.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Vacuum chamber; 2. Rotary drive mechanism; 201. Precision planetary reducer; 3. Lateral movement drive mechanism; 301. Mounting base; 302. Lateral movement screw; 303. Movable seat; 304. First slide rail; 305. Lateral movement motor; 306. Adapter plate; 4. Plug assembly; 401. Base; 402. Front plug; 403. Front plug holder; 404. Rear plug; 405. Rear plug holder; 406. Quick-release pin; 407. Plug drive cylinder; 408. Second slide rail; 409. Rear plug ink supply line; 410. Front plug ink supply line; 411. Housing; 412. Front plug reinforcing rib; 5. Lifting assembly; 501. Lifting motor; 502. Lifting screw; 503. Guide shaft; 504. Vacuum sealing structure; 505. Oil seal; 506. Lifting nut; 6. Clamping plate assembly; 601. Clamping seat; 602. Clamping plate cylinder; 603. Clamping component; 604. Limiting step; 6041. Horizontal limiting surface; 6042. Vertical limiting surface; 605. Scale line; 606. Connecting rod; 7. Front ink stopper assembly; 8. Rear ink stopper assembly; 9. Operating side lifting door; 10. PCB board; 11. Ink receiving tray. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] An embodiment of the rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine provided by the present invention: like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine includes a vacuum chamber 1, a rotary drive mechanism 2, a transverse drive mechanism 3, a clamping plate assembly 6, a plugging assembly 4, and a lifting assembly 5.

[0029] Among them, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the clamping plate assembly 6 is used to clamp the PCB board 10 to be plugged, and the clamping plate assembly 6 is fixed relative to the output end of the horizontal drive mechanism 3. The horizontal drive mechanism 3 drives the clamping plate assembly 6 to adjust its position in the horizontal direction. The horizontal drive mechanism 3 is fixed relative to the output end of the rotary drive mechanism 2, and is driven by the rotary drive mechanism 2 to rotate, thereby driving the clamping plate assembly 6 to rotate and realize the flipping of the PCB board 10. The lifting assembly 5 is assembled with the plugging assembly 4 to realize the overall lifting of the plugging assembly 4 for position adjustment in the vertical direction. The plugging assembly 4 is used to perform the plugging operation on the PCB board 10.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, a motor mount is provided on the top of the vacuum chamber 1, such as... Figure 2As shown, the rotary drive mechanism 2 includes a servo motor and a precision planetary reducer 201 as the rotary drive source. The two are connected by a coupling and coaxially mounted on the motor mount, with the entire assembly located outside the vacuum chamber 1. Of course, in other embodiments, the rotary drive mechanism 2 can also be completely disposed inside the vacuum chamber 1.

[0031] The transverse drive mechanism 3 is located entirely inside the vacuum cavity 1. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the lateral drive mechanism 3 is a screw-nut transmission mechanism, including a lateral motor 305, a mounting base 301, a lateral screw 302, and a movable seat 303. The lateral motor 305 is a servo motor, fixed below the mounting base 301. The lateral screw 302 is rotatably assembled with the mounting base 301 via a bearing seat fixed on the mounting base 301. The output shaft of the lateral motor 305 is connected to one end of the lateral screw 302 via a coupling, thereby driving the lateral screw 302 to rotate. A first slide rail 304 extending along the axial direction of the lateral screw 302 is also fixed to the bottom of the mounting base 301. The movable seat 303 is threadedly engaged with the lateral screw 302 and also slidably engaged with the first slide rail 304. When the lateral motor 305 starts, it drives the lateral screw 302 to rotate, thereby driving the movable seat 303 to move horizontally.

[0032] The output shaft of the precision planetary reducer 201 is connected to a drive shaft, which passes through a bearing housing with a rotary seal into the vacuum chamber 1 and is connected to the aforementioned mounting base 301. The drive shaft and the wall of the vacuum chamber 1 are kept in a vacuum seal by the rotary seal in the bearing housing.

[0033] An L-shaped adapter plate 306 is connected to the movable seat 303, and the clamping plate assembly 6 is fixed to the adapter plate 306, thereby enabling it to move horizontally together with the movable seat 303. Of course, in other embodiments, the movable seat 303 and the adapter plate 306 can be made into an integral structure.

[0034] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the clamping plate assembly 6 includes a clamping base 601, a clamping plate cylinder 602, and a clamping member 603. The cylinder body of the clamping plate cylinder 602 is fixed to the clamping base 601 via multiple connecting rods 606. The piston rod of the clamping plate cylinder 602 is connected to the clamping member 603, thereby driving the clamping member 603 to horizontally extend and retract relative to the clamping base 601. Since the PCB board 10 has a certain length, to achieve stable clamping of the PCB board 10, multiple sets of clamping plate cylinders 602 are arranged side-by-side at intervals along the length direction of the PCB board 10, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the transverse lead screw 302. Figure 11As shown, the clamp 601 is provided with a limiting step 604, which has a horizontal limiting surface 6041 and a vertical limiting surface 6042 for engaging with the PCB board 10. The limiting step 604 can quickly position the PCB board 10. The operator places the surface of the PCB board 10 against the horizontal limiting surface 6041 and the top surface against the vertical limiting surface 6042. Then, the clamping cylinders 602 are activated, and the clamping members 603 press the PCB board 10 firmly against the limiting step 604. The clamp 601 has graduations 605 at both ends. When the PCB board 10 is clamped, both ends are aligned with the corresponding graduations to ensure centered clamping of the PCB board 10.

[0035] like Figure 12 As shown, the via-plugging assembly 4 is the core component for via-plugging the PCB board 10. Its main function is to clamp the PCB board 10 tightly from front to back, and to insert the ink extruded from the ink supply mechanism of the vacuum via-plugging machine into the small holes on the PCB board 10 through a special flow channel in the plug head. In this embodiment, as... Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the plugging assembly 4 includes a base 401, a housing 411, a front plug holder 403, a rear plug holder 405, a front plug 402, a rear plug 404, a plug driving cylinder 407, and ink supply lines. There are two ink supply lines: a front plug ink supply line 410 and a rear plug ink supply line 409, which are arranged in parallel to supply ink to the front plug 402 and the rear plug 404, respectively.

[0036] The base 401 serves as the support platform for the entire plugging assembly 4. The front plug holder 403 and the rear plug holder 405 are both mounted on the base 401 and arranged opposite to each other. The outer shell 411 is connected to the base 401 and covers the front plug holder 403 and the rear plug holder 405. Figure 13 As shown, the housing 411 has a channel for the PCB board 10 to pass through. Figure 15 As shown, the front plug holder 403 and the base 401 are fixedly connected, meaning the horizontal position of the front plug holder 403 remains unchanged. The front plug 402 is detachably assembled and disassembled with the front plug holder 403 via a quick-release pin 406. The front plug 402 is made of mold steel through precision machining, resulting in high machining accuracy and rigidity. A front plug reinforcing rib 412 is also fixed on the base 401, and the front plug reinforcing rib 412 abuts against the front plug holder 403. Due to the rigid connection between the front plug holder 403 and the base 401, the position of the front plug 402 is completely fixed, meaning the front plug 402 is a fixed plug, forming a reference plane that is absolutely stationary during clamping and plugging. The ink outlet surface of the front plug 402 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and its interior has multiple micro-channels connected to corresponding ink supply lines. These channels extend to the ink outlet surface, forming ink outlet holes.

[0037] like Figure 13 and Figure 15 As shown, the rear plug 404 is also detachably mounted on the rear plug mounting base 405 via a quick-release pin 406. The piston rod of the plug drive cylinder 407 is connected to the rear plug mounting base 405, enabling the rear plug mounting base 405 to move back and forth in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the rear plug 404 is a movable plug. When the rear plug mounting base 405 moves back and forth, the distance between the front plug 402 and the rear plug 404 can be adjusted, thus adapting to PCB boards 10 of different thicknesses. To ensure the stability of the rear plug mounting base 405's movement, a second slide rail 408 extending in the front-back direction is provided on the base 401, and the rear plug mounting base 405 slides in conjunction with the second slide rail 408. Since the position of the front plug mounting base 403 remains unchanged, the space within the vacuum chamber 1 can be saved, thus leaving more space on one side of the rear plug mounting base 405. At this time, a larger plug drive cylinder 407 can be used, thereby increasing the upper limit of the clamping force of the plug drive cylinder 407. For example, the upper limit of the clamping force of the previously usable plug-driven cylinder 407 was 'a'. By saving space and using a larger-volume plug-driven cylinder 407, the upper limit of the clamping force is increased to 'b'. Both 'a' and 'b' are in kg, and 'b' > 'a'. The values ​​of 'b' and 'a' are determined based on the clamping force parameters of the plug-driven cylinder according to the actual plugging requirements. The greater the clamping force of the front plug 402 and the better the structural rigidity of the rear plug 404, the greater the pressure that the closed cavity formed after clamping can withstand, the stronger the ink penetration, and the higher the overall production efficiency.

[0038] In this embodiment, the lifting assembly 5 adopts a dual-drive source synchronous drive method, specifically including two lifting drive sources, two lifting lead screws 502, two lifting nuts 506, and four guide shafts 503. The lifting drive source is a lifting motor 501; however, a motor can also be used in other embodiments. Figure 2 As shown, the rotary drive mechanism 2 is symmetrically mounted on both sides of the top of the vacuum chamber 1. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the output shaft of each lifting motor 501 is connected to a lifting screw 502 that extends vertically downward into the vacuum chamber 1. The lifting screw 502 is sealed to the vacuum chamber 1 through a vacuum sealing structure 504 and an oil seal 505. Figure 12As shown, lifting nuts 506 are installed on the base 401 of the plugging assembly 4 at positions corresponding to the lifting screw 502, and the lifting nuts 506 are threaded into the lifting screw 502. Four guide shafts 503 are arranged in a rectangular array at the four corners of the base 401. A linear bearing is provided on the base 401 at the position corresponding to each guide shaft 503, and the guide shaft 503 passes through the linear bearing to achieve a guiding sliding fit between the base 401 and the guide shaft 503. When the two lifting motors 501 rotate synchronously forward or in reverse, the two lifting motors 501, through the cooperation of the lifting screw 502 and the lifting nuts 506, realize the raising and lowering of the entire plugging assembly 4. The guide shafts 503 and the linear bearings provide precise guidance to ensure the smooth raising and lowering of the plugging assembly 4.

[0039] Auxiliary systems such as a vacuum pump, ink supply system, and electrical control unit are also installed outside the vacuum chamber 1. The main body of the ink supply system is located outside the vacuum chamber 1 and is used to supply ink to the two ink supply lines. Figure 14 As shown, a front stop ink-cutting assembly 7 and a rear stop ink-cutting assembly 8 are respectively provided at the ink inlets near the front stopper 402 and the rear stopper 404 to control the extruded ink entering the front stopper 402 or the rear stopper 404. In this embodiment, the front stop ink-cutting assembly 7 and the rear stop ink-cutting assembly 8 have the same structure, both including an ink-cutting cylinder. The piston rod of the ink-cutting cylinder forms a pipeline clamping structure that can press the ink supply pipeline. That is, when ink needs to be discharged from the rear stopper 404, the ink-cutting cylinder of the front stop ink-cutting assembly 7 is controlled to extend to press the front stop ink supply pipeline 410, blocking the ink flow in the front stop ink supply pipeline 410; if ink needs to be discharged from the front stopper 402, the ink-cutting cylinder at the rear stop ink-cutting assembly 8 is controlled to extend to press the rear stop ink supply pipeline 409, blocking the ink flow in the rear stop ink supply pipeline 409, thereby realizing the switching of the ink flow path.

[0040] The electrical control unit integrates a programmable logic controller (PLC) and stores product data, including the target movement distance of the transverse drive mechanism 3 corresponding to different PCB board 10 thicknesses. The correspondence between these data is determined through pre-conducting process tests. The goal is to ensure that after the PCB board 10 is flipped, the transverse drive mechanism 3 can automatically adjust the PCB board 10 to a set position relative to the ink outlet surface of the front plug. This set position can be adjusted according to actual plugging requirements. It should be noted that the ink outlet surface of the front plug refers to the end face of the front plug 402 without the elastic sealing rope installed. This surface serves as a reference surface. After the elastic sealing rope is installed on the front plug 402, it contacts the surface of the PCB board 10 facing the front plug 402, preventing any plugging gaps.

[0041] The working process of the rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine of the present invention is as follows: Before performing the plugging operation, the operator first selects the corresponding size of the front plug 402 and rear plug 404 according to the model of the PCB board 10 to be plugged, and installs the front plug 402 and rear plug 404 on the front plug fixing seat 403 and rear plug fixing seat 405 respectively through quick-release pins 406. Then, the corresponding product data is retrieved from the control system, and parameters such as clamping force, flipping angle, lateral movement distance, and lifting speed are automatically configured. Next, the lifting component 5 drives the plugging component 4 to descend to the lowest clearance position, and the plug driving cylinder 407 drives the rear plug 404 to retract, so that the front plug 402 and rear plug 404 are in a clearance state with the maximum opening to both sides; the lateral movement driving mechanism 3 drives the clamping plate component 6 to move horizontally, moving the clamping plate component 6 to a position near the operating side lifting door 9 to wait for loading. At this time, the clamping plate component 6 is in a horizontal state, and the initialization of the entire equipment is completed. Once ready, the operator removes the PCB board 10 from the rack and places it between the clamping member 603 and the clamping seat 601 of the clamping plate assembly 6. The top and bottom surfaces of the PCB board 10 are aligned with the horizontal limiting surface 6041 and the vertical limiting surface 6042, respectively, with the center of the PCB board 10 aligned with the scale line 605 to ensure accurate positioning. Then, via a control signal or trigger command, such as pressing a foot switch, the clamping cylinder 602 drives the clamping member 603 to clamp the PCB board 10. At this point, the entire clamping plate assembly 6 is in the first position, with the front of the PCB board 10 facing the front plug. Subsequently, the operating side lifting door 9 of the vacuum chamber 1 automatically closes, and the vacuum pump begins to evacuate, establishing the vacuum environment required for the plugging operation.

[0042] Once the vacuum level reaches the set value, the vacuum pump shuts off, and the plugging process officially begins. The transverse motor 305 starts, driving the movable seat 303 towards the front plug head via the transverse lead screw 302, moving the PCB board 10 to the front plugging position. Then, the transverse motor 305 shuts off. Afterward, the lifting assembly 5 drives the entire plugging assembly 4 to rise to the working height, so that the ink outlet surface of the front plug head 402 faces the front of the PCB board 10. Immediately afterwards, the piston rod of the plug head drive cylinder 407 extends, pushing the rear plug head 404 to press the PCB board 10 tightly against the front plug head 402 with ultimate clamping force. After the front plug head 402 and rear plug head 404 press against the PCB board 10, a sealed fit is formed. The electrical control unit controls the activation of the ink supply line 410 of the front plug, activating the external ink supply system. This forces the vacuum-degassed ink into the flow channel of the front plug 402. The ink flows out from the ink outlet and, under a closed, high-pressure environment, penetrates the holes on the PCB board 10, thus plugging the holes. Simultaneously, the lifting assembly 5 drives the entire plugging assembly 4 downwards at a uniform speed, moving the ink outlet surface of the front plug 402 from the upper end to the lower end of the PCB board 10, completing the filling of all holes on the front side.

[0043] After the front hole is plugged, the piston rod of the plug drive cylinder 407 retracts, causing the rear plug 404 to retract a short distance to release the clamping force. The lifting assembly 5 then lowers the plugging assembly 4 to the clearance position. At this time, the rotary drive mechanism 2 is activated, rotating the PCB board 10 180° to flip it over. The clamping plate assembly 6 is now in the second position, with the back of the PCB board 10 facing the front plug 402. Since the distance between the PCB board 10 and the front plug 402 changes after flipping due to different thicknesses, the electrical control unit automatically calculates the moving distance based on the current product thickness data. The transverse motor 305 starts again, driving the clamping plate assembly 6 to move the PCB board 10 towards the front plug 402. After reaching the reverse hole-plugging position, the plugging assembly 4 repeats the front hole-plugging action to complete the reverse hole-plugging. During the plugging process, excess ink flows into the ink collection tray 11 at the bottom, which can be removed from the vacuum chamber 1.

[0044] After all the hole-filling operations are completed, the operator can observe the ink bulge on the surface of the PCB board 10 through the front viewing window to determine whether the hole filling is complete and whether to unload the PCB board. When unloading is confirmed, the lifting door of the vacuum chamber 1 is lowered, and the lateral drive mechanism 3 moves the PCB board 10 to the doorway of the operating side lifting door 9. The operator grasps the PCB board 10 and presses the foot switch to retract the clamping cylinder 602, releasing the PCB board 10. After removing the PCB board 10, the operator can proceed to the next process or temporarily place it on a rack for storage.

[0045] In the above embodiment, the lateral drive mechanism is fixed to the output end of the rotary drive mechanism. In other embodiments, if there is sufficient space within the vacuum chamber, the rotary drive mechanism can also be fixed to the output end of the lateral drive mechanism.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the lateral drive mechanism 3 adopts a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism. In other embodiments, the lateral drive mechanism 3 can also adopt a gear and rack transmission mechanism. In this case, the output shaft of the lateral motor 305 is connected to the drive gear, the rack is fixed horizontally on the mounting base 301, and the movable base 303 is rigidly connected to the rack and slides with the linear guide rail on the mounting base 301. The lateral motor 305 drives the gear to rotate, causing the rack and movable base 303 to move horizontally, thereby realizing the horizontal movement of the clamping plate assembly 6. Of course, in other embodiments, the lateral drive mechanism 3 can also directly adopt a linear motor. In this case, the primary of the linear motor is fixed on the mounting base 301, and the secondary is rigidly connected to the movable base 303. The movable base 303 slides with the mounting base 301 through the linear guide rail, and the precise displacement of the movable base 303 is directly realized by controlling the current of the linear motor. Of course, the lateral drive mechanism 3 is not limited to the above forms. Any mechanism that can stably realize the horizontal movement of the clamping plate assembly 6, such as a linear module, is acceptable.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the clamping plate assembly 6 uses a clamping cylinder 602 and a clamping member 603 to clamp the PCB board 10. In other embodiments, the clamping plate assembly 6 can also use an electric push rod and a clamping member 603 to clamp the PCB board 10. Of course, the clamping plate assembly 6 can also use a vacuum adsorption structure. In this case, multiple vacuum suction cup mounting holes can be opened on the surface of the clamping base 601 to install high-temperature resistant and ink corrosion resistant vacuum suction cups, which are connected to an external vacuum pump through a vacuum pipeline; L-shaped positioning blocks are set on the edge of the clamping base 601 to achieve pre-positioning of the PCB board 10.

[0048] In the above embodiments, one of the front plug 402 and the rear plug 404 is a fixed plug, and the other is a movable plug. In other embodiments, both the front plug 402 and the rear plug 404 are movable plugs, and the front plug fixing seat 403 is no longer rigidly fixed to the base 401, but is the same as the rear plug fixing seat 405, capable of horizontal movement. In this case, the plugging assembly 4 can be equipped with two sets of plug driving assemblies. For example, another set of plug driving cylinders 407 can be provided, which are connected to the front plug fixing seat 403. Correspondingly, the front plug fixing seat 403 also slides with the second slide rail 408, and the position of the engagement does not affect the plugging operation. Of course, a bidirectional synchronous lead screw, a double-output shaft cylinder, etc., can also be used to achieve synchronous opposite or backward movement of the front plug fixing seat 403 and the rear plug fixing seat 405.

[0049] In the above embodiment, the rear plug 404 moves back and forth via a plug drive cylinder 407. In other embodiments, a servo motor and ball screw mechanism are used instead of the plug drive cylinder 407 to drive the movable plug to move back and forth.

[0050] In the above embodiments, the front plug 402 and the rear plug 404 are detachably assembled with their corresponding plug holders. In other embodiments, the front plug 402 and the rear plug 404 are fixedly connected to their corresponding plug holders, which is suitable for plugging holes in PCB boards 10 of a specific thickness.

[0051] In the above embodiments, the lifting assembly 5 uses dual motors and a lead screw to synchronously drive the plug assembly to move up and down. In other embodiments, a linear motor or a pre-made module can be used directly on the inner sidewall of the vacuum chamber 1 instead.

[0052] While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in this specification, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Many modifications, alterations, and alternatives will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention.

Claims

1. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine, comprising a vacuum chamber and a plugging assembly located within the vacuum chamber, characterized in that, It also includes a drive mechanism and a clamping plate assembly; The positions of the plugging assembly and the clamping plate assembly are adjustable. The plugging assembly includes a front plug and a rear plug arranged opposite to each other for plugging holes. The horizontal distance between the front plug and the rear plug is adjustable to avoid or clamp the PCB board. The clamping assembly is located inside the vacuum chamber and is used to clamp the PCB board. The clamping assembly includes a clamping base and a clamping element. The clamping base is provided with a limiting step, which has a horizontal limiting surface and a vertical limiting surface for engaging with the PCB board. The driving mechanism is connected to the clamping plate assembly and drives the clamping plate assembly to rotate around the vertical axis, so as to flip the PCB board to plug the holes; the driving mechanism includes a rotary driving mechanism and a transverse driving mechanism, the output end of the transverse driving mechanism is fixed to the output end of the rotary driving mechanism, and the output end of the transverse driving mechanism is fixed to the clamping plate assembly, so as to drive the clamping plate assembly to adjust its position in the horizontal direction.

2. The rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral drive mechanism is a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism, including a mounting base, a lateral lead screw rotatably mounted on the mounting base, and a movable seat that slides with the mounting base. The movable seat is threadedly engaged with the lateral lead screw. The clamping plate assembly is connected to the movable seat.

3. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping member can extend and retract horizontally relative to the clamping seat to press the PCB board firmly at the limiting step.

4. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The plugging assembly includes a front plug holder and a rear plug holder, and the front plug and the rear plug are detachably assembled with their respective front plug holders and rear plug holders.

5. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, One of the front plug and the rear plug is a fixed plug that is fixed in the horizontal direction to serve as a reference for the plugging hole; the other is a movable plug that is adjustable in the horizontal direction.

6. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The plugging assembly also includes a plug drive cylinder, the piston rod of which is connected to a plug mounting seat for mounting the movable plug.

7. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes a lifting assembly, the power output end of which is sealed inside the vacuum chamber and connected to the plugging assembly for driving the plugging assembly to move up and down in the vertical direction.

8. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes at least two lifting drive sources, at least two lifting screws, at least two lifting nuts, and at least two guide shafts. The lifting drive sources are located outside the vacuum chamber and are connected to the lifting screws in a corresponding manner. The lifting nuts are threaded onto the lifting screws in a corresponding manner. Each lifting nut is connected to a plugging assembly. Each guide shaft is fixed inside the vacuum chamber. The plugging assembly and each guide shaft are guided and slidably engaged in the vertical direction.

9. A rotary plug-type vertical vacuum plugging machine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The plugging assembly also includes two ink supply lines arranged in parallel. The two ink supply lines are used to supply ink to the front plug and the rear plug, respectively. Each of the two ink supply lines is equipped with an ink-cutting assembly. The ink-cutting assembly has a retractable pipe clamping structure, which achieves the switching of ink flow path by clamping the corresponding ink supply line.

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