A spent battery electrolyte recovery apparatus

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of battery electrolyte recovery, and discloses a scrapped battery electrolyte recovery equipment, which comprises a processing unit used for containing scrapped batteries to be processed, a piercing mechanism arranged in the processing unit and used for piercing the explosion-proof valves of the scrapped batteries, a vacuum pump one connected with an air outlet of the processing unit and used for vacuumizing the processing unit and discharging gaseous electrolyte, a negative pressure gas-liquid separator arranged on a pipeline between the processing unit and the vacuum pump one and used for preliminarily separating the discharged gaseous electrolyte, and a gas storage tank with an air inlet connected with an air outlet of the vacuum pump one and used for temporarily storing the gas discharged by the vacuum pump one. In the fine recovery scheme, three-stage pressurization and two-stage heat exchange and liquefaction in each stage of the gradient pressurization section are adopted, so that the overall recovery rate of the electrolyte is remarkably improved, fine separation of various components is realized, the subsequent separate recycling is facilitated, and the resource value is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery electrolyte recycling technology, specifically to a waste battery electrolyte recycling device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the disposal of a large number of retired power batteries has become increasingly prominent. Lithium-ion battery electrolytes contain various organic solvents and electrolytes such as lithium hexafluorophosphate. Improper disposal will cause serious environmental pollution and waste lithium resources.

[0003] In existing technologies, the recycling of electrolyte from waste lithium batteries mainly adopts the following technical approaches: One method is the crushing and evaporation-condensation method. This method involves crushing the waste battery as a whole, heating it to evaporate the electrolyte, and then recovering it through condensation. The disadvantages of this method are: the crushing process generates dust and harmful gases, causing secondary pollution; it requires a complex multi-stage condensation system, resulting in large equipment investment and high energy consumption; and the components are mixed after the battery is crushed, making subsequent separation difficult and hindering fine classification and recycling.

[0004] Secondly, there is the direct extraction method after puncturing the explosion-proof valve. This method involves puncturing the battery's explosion-proof valve with a mechanical needle and then using a pump to directly extract the electrolyte from inside the battery. While this method preserves the battery casing and reduces dust pollution, the electrolyte has strong adsorption and adhesion properties at room temperature, leaving a large amount of electrolyte residue between the separator and electrode plates inside the battery. This residue cannot be completely extracted by the pump, resulting in a low recovery rate and wasted resources.

[0005] Thirdly, the vacuum heating vaporization extraction method. This method vaporizes the electrolyte through vacuum heating and then extracts it, but it still requires the battery to be shredded or broken first, which also faces the problem of secondary pollution caused by the breakage. Moreover, the conversion of gaseous electrolyte into liquid mainly relies on a single condensation method, and the efficiency of atmospheric pressure condensation liquefaction is limited, making it difficult to achieve fine separation based on the differences in boiling points of the electrolyte components.

[0006] In summary, the existing technologies have the following main shortcomings: First, most solutions require the breaking of batteries, which generates secondary pollution and the process is complex; second, the recovery rate of the direct extraction method of liquid is low; third, the liquefaction of gaseous electrolyte mainly relies on the condensation method, which has limited efficiency and makes it difficult to achieve fine separation of components; fourth, the overall energy consumption of the process system is high and there is a lack of effective energy recovery design. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste battery electrolyte recycling device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a waste battery electrolyte recycling device, comprising: A processing unit for holding waste batteries to be processed, wherein the processing unit is provided with a puncturing mechanism for puncturing the explosion-proof valve of the waste batteries; Vacuum pump one is connected to the air extraction port of the processing unit and is used to evacuate the processing unit and extract the gaseous electrolyte. A negative pressure gas-liquid separator is installed on the pipeline between the processing unit and the vacuum pump, and is used to perform preliminary gas-liquid separation on the extracted gaseous electrolyte. A gas storage tank, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the first vacuum pump, is used to temporarily store the gas discharged by the first vacuum pump. The gas booster unit has its inlet connected to the outlet of the gas storage tank and is used to boost the gas in the gas storage tank, so that the gas is converted into liquid under high pressure. A storage tank, connected to the outlet of the gas booster unit, is used to collect the liquefied electrolyte. A gas-liquid separator is connected to the gas outlet of the liquid storage tank and is used to filter the exhaust gas discharged from the liquid storage tank and then discharge it after treatment in an external plant.

[0009] Furthermore, the scrapped battery includes a battery assembly, which includes a recycling casing and used batteries, with the used batteries arranged in an array on the inner side of the recycling casing.

[0010] Furthermore, the processing unit includes a baking oven, which is configured as a sealed oven, and the exhaust port of the baking oven is connected to the vacuum pump.

[0011] Furthermore, the gas boosting unit includes a gas boosting device, the outlet of which is connected to the liquid storage tank.

[0012] Furthermore, the processing unit includes a baking oven and a preheater. The preheater is also configured as a sealed oven. The exhaust port of the baking oven is connected to the vacuum pump. The preheater is fixedly installed on the back of the baking oven. A channel is provided between the baking oven and the preheater. An opening and closing assembly is installed on the upper side of the baking oven. The opening and closing assembly is used to control the opening and closing of the channel.

[0013] A pair of vacuum pumps evacuate the baking oven. Under vacuum heating, the electrolyte inside the used batteries changes from liquid to gas and flows out through the broken explosion-proof valve. The gaseous electrolyte is extracted by the first vacuum pump, first filtered by a negative pressure gas-liquid separator to remove any possible entrained droplets, and then discharged into a gas storage tank for temporary storage through the tail end of the first vacuum pump.

[0014] The gas pressure inside the storage tank is low, resulting in unsatisfactory liquefaction. The gas flows out of the storage tank and enters a gas booster to be pressurized to a high-pressure state. Under high pressure, the gaseous electrolyte is converted into a liquid state and flows into a liquid storage tank for collection.

[0015] The remaining small amount of unliquefied exhaust gas is discharged from the storage tank, filtered twice by the gas-liquid separator, and then sent to an external plant for treatment and discharge.

[0016] Furthermore, the opening and closing assembly includes a fixed frame, a second cylinder, guide rods, and a sealing plate. The fixed frame is fixedly connected to the upper side of the baking oven, the second cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed frame, and a sealing plate is fixedly connected to the lower output end of the second cylinder. Guide rods are fixedly connected to the four corners of the upper side of the sealing plate. The guide rods slide inside the fixed frame. The sealing plate is used to control the opening and closing of the channel between the baking oven and the preheater.

[0017] The sealing door controls the opening and closing of the passage under the linkage drive of cylinder one and connecting rod one and connecting rod two.

[0018] Furthermore, the gas boosting unit includes a stepped boosting section, which includes a first-stage boosting component, a second-stage boosting component, and a third-stage boosting component. The gas storage tank and the liquid storage tank are sequentially connected by the first-stage boosting component, the second-stage boosting component, and the third-stage boosting component. The first-stage boosting component, the second-stage boosting component, and the third-stage boosting component are used to finely separate the organic solvent components of the electrolyte.

[0019] The primary, secondary, and tertiary pressurization components are arranged in series along the gas flow direction, with the pressure increasing step by step. The primary pressurization component pressurizes the gas to 0.3-0.6 MPa, the secondary pressurization component pressurizes it to 0.6-1.2 MPa, and the tertiary pressurization component pressurizes it to 1.2-2.0 MPa.

[0020] Furthermore, the first-stage booster assembly, the second-stage booster assembly, and the third-stage booster assembly are all configured as electrolyte recovery components. The electrolyte recovery components include a compressor, a coil heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a collection tank one, and a collection tank two. The outlet of the compressor is connected to the coil heat exchanger and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in sequence through pipelines. The coil heat exchanger includes a coil assembly and a heat exchange tube body. The outlet of the compressor is connected to the heat exchange tube body via a pipeline. The coil assembly is installed on the inner side of the heat exchange tube body. A collection tank is connected to the lower side of the heat exchange tube body via a pipeline. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes a heat exchange shell, a capillary tube assembly, and a partition plate. The upper outlet of the heat exchange tube is connected to the heat exchange shell via a pipeline. The capillary tube assembly is installed on the inner side of the heat exchange shell. The partition plate is evenly distributed on the outer side of the capillary tube assembly and on the inner side of the heat exchange shell. The lower side of the heat exchange shell is connected to a collection tank II via a pipeline.

[0021] Furthermore, a heat circulation pipeline is provided between the inner side of the preheater and the outer side of the stepped pressurization section. The heat circulation pipeline includes an inlet heat pipe group, an outlet heat pipe group, and a heat transfer pipe group. A heat transfer pipe group is installed on the inner side of the preheater. The outlet end of the heat transfer pipe group is connected to the inlet heat pipe group. The inlet end of the heat transfer pipe group is connected to a second vacuum pump. The inlet end of the second vacuum pump is connected to the outlet heat pipe group. The heat inlet pipe assembly includes a main heat inlet pipe, a first heat inlet pipe, and a second heat inlet pipe. The outlet end of the heat transfer pipe assembly is connected to the main heat inlet pipe. The main heat inlet pipe is connected to the first heat inlet pipe and the second heat inlet pipe. The first heat inlet pipe is connected to the inlet end of the coil assembly through a pipe, and the second heat inlet pipe is connected to the inlet end of the capillary assembly through a pipe. The heat outlet tube assembly includes a main heat outlet tube, a first heat outlet tube, and a second heat outlet tube. The inlet end of the second vacuum pump is connected to the main heat outlet tube, and the first and second heat outlet tubes are connected to the main heat outlet tube. The outlet end of the coil assembly is connected to the first heat outlet tube via a pipeline, and the outlet end of the capillary tube assembly is connected to the second heat outlet tube via a pipeline.

[0022] In the closed-loop circulation system, vacuum pump two provides the driving force for circulation. The medium flows into vacuum pump two through the heat outlet tube group, where it undergoes heat exchange through the coil group and capillary tube group, and then flows into heat outlet branch pipe one and heat outlet branch pipe two respectively. It then collects into the main heat outlet pipe and enters the heat transfer tube group. In the preheater, it releases heat and absorbs heat to cool down. The medium is then sent to the main heat inlet pipe through vacuum pump two via the heat transfer tube group, and then flows into heat inlet branch pipe one and heat inlet branch pipe two, and enters the coil group and capillary tube group for heat exchange, reabsorbing the heat of compression and circulating.

[0023] Furthermore, the sealed furnace includes a furnace body, cylinder one, connecting rod one, connecting rod two, and a sealing door. Two sets of cylinder one are rotatably connected to the inner side of the furnace body. Two sets of connecting rod one and two sets of connecting rod two are rotatably connected to the inner side of the furnace body. The other ends of the two sets of connecting rod one and two sets of connecting rod two are rotatably connected to the sealing door. The output end of cylinder one is rotatably connected to connecting rod one. The piercing mechanism includes a guide rail, an electric slider, a mounting plate, a moving plate, and ejector pins. Multiple sets of guide rails are fixedly installed on the inner side of the furnace body. An electric slider is slidably connected to the outer side of the guide rail. A mounting plate is fixedly installed on the upper side of the electric slider. A moving plate is fixedly connected between two sets of mounting plates. Evenly distributed ejector pins are fixedly connected to the lower side of the moving plate.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a waste battery electrolyte recycling device, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs a vacuum heating vaporization method, allowing the electrolyte to fully vaporize under negative pressure and exit through a punctured explosion-proof valve, overcoming the low recovery rate of traditional direct liquid extraction methods due to electrolyte adsorption residue. Simultaneously, the refined recovery scheme utilizes a three-stage pressurization process and two-stage heat exchange liquefaction within each stage. Based on the boiling point differences of different organic solvent components, high-boiling-point components such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, medium-boiling-point components such as methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, and low-boiling-point components such as dimethyl carbonate are sequentially liquefied and separated under progressively increasing pressure conditions, and collected separately in each stage's collection tank. Compared to existing single condensation methods, this invention significantly improves the overall electrolyte recovery rate and achieves refined separation of each component, facilitating subsequent regeneration and enhancing resource value.

[0025] 2. This invention preserves the integrity of the waste battery casing during processing, eliminating the need for crushing and fundamentally avoiding the environmental and operational hazards posed by dust, harmful gas emissions, and internal battery material leakage generated during crushing. Simultaneously, a negative pressure gas-liquid separator performs initial gas-liquid separation of the extracted gaseous electrolyte, protecting the vacuum pump from corrosion by the liquid electrolyte; a storage tank further collects residual liquid components through sedimentation; and the exhaust gas undergoes secondary filtration by the gas-liquid separator before being discharged into an external treatment facility, ensuring that the emitted gases meet environmental protection requirements. The entire process is conducted in a closed system, achieving safe and clean electrolyte recovery.

[0026] 3. This invention incorporates a thermal circulation pipeline in its refined recycling scheme, utilizing a vacuum pump to drive the medium in a cascade pressurization section and a preheater. The medium first flows through the coil and capillary groups in the cascade pressurization section, absorbing the heat of compression before being sent to the preheater to preheat the next batch of waste batteries to be processed, thereby reducing the heating energy consumption of the subsequent baking furnace. Simultaneously, the cascade pressurization scheme employs a three-stage progressive pressurization approach instead of compressing to the highest pressure all at once. After each pressurization stage, liquefied components are removed, reducing the gas load on subsequent compression stages and further lowering compression energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention from another angle; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stepped pressurization section of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stepped pressurization section of the present invention from another angle; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the opening and closing component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the electrolyte recovery component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the heat circulation pipeline of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sealed furnace of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the sealed furnace of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the battery assembly of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the puncture mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Baking oven; 2. Negative pressure gas-liquid separator; 3. Vacuum pump one; 4. Battery assembly; 41. Recovery shell; 42. Waste battery; 5. Gas storage tank; 6. Gas booster; 7. Heat circulation pipeline; 71. Inlet heat pipe assembly; 711. Inlet heat main pipe; 712. Inlet heat branch pipe one; 713. Inlet heat branch pipe two; 72. Outlet heat pipe assembly; 721. Outlet heat main pipe; 722. Outlet heat branch pipe one; 723. Outlet heat branch pipe two; 73. Heat transfer pipe assembly; 8. Electrolyte recovery unit; 81. Compressor; 82. Coil heat exchanger; 821. Coil assembly; 822. Heat exchange tube body; 83. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger; 831. Heat exchange shell; 832. Capillary assembly; 833. 84. Baffle; 85. Collection Tank 1; 86. Collection Tank 2; 9. Cascade Pressurization Section; 97. First-Stage Pressurization Component; 98. Second-Stage Pressurization Component; 99. Third-Stage Pressurization Component; 10. Preheater; 11. Vacuum Pump 2; 12. Gas-Liquid Separator; 13. Storage Tank; 14. Sealing Furnace; 1401. Furnace Body; 1402. Cylinder 1; 1403. Connecting Rod 1; 1404. Connecting Rod 2; 1405. Sealing Door; 1406. Guide Rail; 1407. Electric Slider; 1408. Mounting Plate; 1409. Moving Plate; 1410. Ejector Pin; 15. Opening and Closing Component; 1501. Fixing Frame; 1502. Cylinder 2; 1503. Guide Rod; 1504. Sealing Plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-2 , Figures 10-13 A waste battery electrolyte recycling device, comprising: The processing unit is used to hold the waste batteries to be processed. The processing unit is equipped with a puncturing mechanism for puncturing the explosion-proof valve of the waste batteries. Vacuum pump 3 is connected to the extraction port of the processing unit and is used to evacuate the processing unit and extract the gaseous electrolyte. The negative pressure gas-liquid separator 2 is installed on the pipeline between the processing unit and the vacuum pump 3, and is used to perform preliminary gas-liquid separation on the extracted gaseous electrolyte. The gas storage tank 5 has its inlet connected to the outlet of the vacuum pump 3 and is used to temporarily store the gas discharged by the vacuum pump 3. The gas booster unit has its inlet connected to the outlet of the gas storage tank 5, and is used to boost the gas in the gas storage tank 5, so that the gas is converted into liquid under high pressure. The storage tank 13 is connected to the outlet of the gas booster unit and is used to collect the liquefied electrolyte. The gas-liquid separator 12 is connected to the gas outlet of the liquid storage tank 13 and is used to filter the exhaust gas discharged from the liquid storage tank 13 and then discharge it after treatment in an external plant.

[0031] Furthermore, the scrapped battery includes a battery assembly 4, which includes a recycling housing 41 and used batteries 42. The used batteries 42 are arranged in an array inside the recycling housing 41.

[0032] Furthermore, the processing unit includes a baking oven 1, which is configured as a sealed oven 14, and the exhaust port of the baking oven 1 is connected to a vacuum pump 3.

[0033] Furthermore, the gas boosting unit includes a gas boosting device 6, the outlet of which is connected to the liquid storage tank 13.

[0034] Furthermore, the processing unit includes a baking oven 1 and a preheater 10. The preheater 10 is also configured as a sealed oven 14. The exhaust port of the baking oven 1 is connected to a vacuum pump 3. The preheater 10 is fixedly installed on the back of the baking oven 1. A channel is provided between the baking oven 1 and the preheater 10. An opening and closing assembly 15 is installed on the upper side of the baking oven 1. The opening and closing assembly 15 is used to control the opening and closing of the channel.

[0035] Vacuum pump 3 evacuates the baking oven 1. Under vacuum heating, the electrolyte in the waste battery 42 changes from liquid to gas and flows out from the broken explosion-proof valve. The gaseous electrolyte is extracted by vacuum pump 3, first filtered by negative pressure gas-liquid separator 2 to remove any possible entrained droplets, and then discharged into gas storage tank 5 for temporary storage through the tail of vacuum pump 3.

[0036] The gas pressure inside the gas storage tank 5 is low, resulting in an unsatisfactory liquefaction effect. The gas flows out of the gas storage tank 5 and enters the gas booster device 6 to be pressurized to a high-pressure state. Under high pressure, the gaseous electrolyte is converted into a liquid state and flows into the liquid storage tank 13 for collection.

[0037] The remaining small amount of unliquefied exhaust gas is discharged from the storage tank 13, and after secondary filtration by the gas-liquid separator 12, it is sent to an external plant for treatment and discharge.

[0038] Furthermore, the sealed furnace 14 includes a furnace body 1401, a cylinder 1402, a connecting rod 1403, a connecting rod 2 1404, and a sealing door 1405. Two sets of cylinders 1402 are rotatably connected to the inner side of the furnace body 1401. Two sets of connecting rods 1403 and two sets of connecting rods 2 1404 are rotatably connected to the inner side of the furnace body 1401. The other ends of the two sets of connecting rods 1403 and two sets of connecting rods 2 1404 are rotatably connected to the sealing door 1405. The output end of cylinder 1402 is rotatably connected to connecting rod 1403. The puncture mechanism includes a guide rail 1406, an electric slider 1407, a mounting plate 1408, a moving plate 1409, and ejector pins 1410. Multiple sets of guide rails 1406 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the furnace body 1401. An electric slider 1407 is slidably connected to the outer side of the guide rails 1406. A mounting plate 1408 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the electric slider 1407. A moving plate 1409 is fixedly connected between two sets of mounting plates 1408. Evenly distributed ejector pins 1410 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the moving plate 1409.

[0039] Example 2, please refer to Figures 3-13 The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the opening and closing assembly 15 includes a fixed frame 1501, a second cylinder 1502, a guide rod 1503, and a sealing plate 1504. The fixed frame 1501 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the baking oven 1. The second cylinder 1502 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed frame 1501. The sealing plate 1504 is fixedly connected to the lower output end of the second cylinder 1502. The guide rods 1503 are fixedly connected to the four corners of the upper side of the sealing plate 1504. The guide rods 1503 slide inside the fixed frame 1501. The sealing plate 1504 is used to control the opening and closing of the channel between the baking oven 1 and the preheater 10.

[0040] The sealing door 1405 controls the opening and closing of the channel under the linkage drive of cylinder 1402, connecting rod 1403, and connecting rod 2 1404.

[0041] Furthermore, the gas pressurization unit includes a stepped pressurization section 9, which includes a first-stage pressurization component 91, a second-stage pressurization component 92, and a third-stage pressurization component 93. The first-stage pressurization component 91, the second-stage pressurization component 92, and the third-stage pressurization component 93 are sequentially connected between the gas storage tank 5 and the liquid storage tank 13. The first-stage pressurization component 91, the second-stage pressurization component 92, and the third-stage pressurization component 93 are used to finely separate the organic solvent components of the electrolyte.

[0042] The primary booster assembly 91, the secondary booster assembly 92, and the tertiary booster assembly 93 are arranged in series along the gas flow direction, with the pressure increasing step by step. The primary booster assembly 91 boosts the gas to 0.3-0.6 MPa, the secondary booster assembly 92 boosts it to 0.6-1.2 MPa, and the tertiary booster assembly 93 boosts it to 1.2-2.0 MPa.

[0043] Furthermore, the first-stage booster assembly 91, the second-stage booster assembly 92, and the third-stage booster assembly 93 are all configured as electrolyte recovery components 8. The electrolyte recovery component 8 includes a compressor 81, a coil heat exchanger 82, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 83, a first collection tank 84, and a second collection tank 85. The outlet of the compressor 81 is connected to the coil heat exchanger 82 and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 83 in sequence through pipelines. The coil heat exchanger 82 includes a coil assembly 821 and a heat exchange tube body 822. The outlet of the compressor 81 is connected to the heat exchange tube body 822 through a pipeline. The coil assembly 821 is installed on the inner side of the heat exchange tube body 822. The lower side of the heat exchange tube body 822 is connected to a collection tank 84 through a pipeline. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger 83 includes a heat exchange shell 831, a capillary tube assembly 832, and a partition plate 833. The upper outlet of the heat exchange tube body 822 is connected to the heat exchange shell 831 through a pipeline. The capillary tube assembly 832 is installed on the inner side of the heat exchange shell 831. The partition plate 833 is evenly distributed on the outer side of the capillary tube assembly 832 and on the inner side of the heat exchange shell 831. The lower side of the heat exchange shell 831 is connected to a collection tank 85 through a pipeline.

[0044] Furthermore, a heat circulation pipeline 7 is provided between the inner side of the preheater 10 and the outer side of the stepped pressurization section 9. The heat circulation pipeline 7 includes an inlet heat pipe group 71, an outlet heat pipe group 72, and a heat transfer pipe group 73. The heat transfer pipe group 73 is installed on the inner side of the preheater 10. The outlet end of the heat transfer pipe group 73 is connected to the inlet heat pipe group 71. The inlet end of the heat transfer pipe group 73 is connected to the vacuum pump 11. The inlet end of the vacuum pump 11 is connected to the outlet heat pipe group 72. The heat inlet pipe assembly 71 includes a main heat inlet pipe 711, a first heat inlet pipe 712, and a second heat inlet pipe 713. The outlet end of the heat transfer pipe assembly 73 is connected to the main heat inlet pipe 711. The first heat inlet pipe 712 and the second heat inlet pipe 713 are connected to the main heat inlet pipe 711. The first heat inlet pipe 712 is connected to the inlet end of the coil assembly 821 through a pipe, and the second heat inlet pipe 713 is connected to the inlet end of the capillary assembly 832 through a pipe. The heat outlet pipe assembly 72 includes a main heat outlet pipe 721, a first heat outlet pipe 722, and a second heat outlet pipe 723. The inlet end of the vacuum pump 2 11 is connected to the main heat outlet pipe 721, and the first heat outlet pipe 722 and the second heat outlet pipe 723 are connected to the main heat outlet pipe 721. The outlet end of the coil assembly 821 is connected to the first heat outlet pipe 722 through a pipe, and the outlet end of the capillary assembly 832 is connected to the second heat outlet pipe 723 through a pipe.

[0045] In the closed-loop circulation system, vacuum pump 21 provides the driving force for circulation. The medium flows into vacuum pump 211 through heat outlet pipe group 72, where it undergoes heat exchange through coil group 821 and capillary group 832, and then flows into heat outlet branch pipe 1 722 and heat outlet branch pipe 2 723 respectively. It then converges into heat outlet main pipe 721 and enters heat transfer pipe group 73, where it releases heat in preheater 10. After absorbing heat and cooling down, the medium is sent from heat transfer pipe group 73 to heat inlet main pipe 711 through vacuum pump 211, and then flows into heat inlet branch pipe 1 712 and heat inlet branch pipe 2 713, and enters coil group 821 and capillary group 832 for heat exchange, reabsorbing the heat of compression and circulating.

[0046] The specific usage and function of this embodiment are as follows: coarse recycling scheme Manually or robotically, multiple used batteries 42 from battery assembly 4 are placed into baking oven 1. Baking oven 1 is started to heat up, and the ejector pin 1410 is controlled to puncture the explosion-proof valve of the used batteries 42.

[0047] The vacuum pump 3 is started to evacuate the baking oven 1. Under vacuum heating, the electrolyte in the waste battery 42 changes from liquid to gas and flows out from the broken explosion-proof valve. The gaseous electrolyte is extracted by the vacuum pump 3, first filtered by the negative pressure gas-liquid separator 2 to remove any small amount of liquid droplets that may be entrained, and then discharged into the gas storage tank 5 through the tail of the vacuum pump 3 for temporary storage.

[0048] The gas pressure inside the gas storage tank 5 is low, resulting in an unsatisfactory liquefaction effect. The gas flows out of the gas storage tank 5 and enters the gas booster device 6 to be pressurized to a high-pressure state. Under high pressure, the gaseous electrolyte is converted into a liquid state and flows into the liquid storage tank 13 for collection.

[0049] The remaining small amount of unliquefied exhaust gas is discharged from the storage tank 13, and after secondary filtration by the gas-liquid separator 12, it is sent to an external plant for treatment and discharge.

[0050] Fine recycling solution Battery feeding and preheating Manually or robotically, the waste battery assembly 4 to be processed is placed into the preheater 10, which is also configured as a sealed furnace 14. Here, the sealing door 1405 is closed by the linkage of cylinder 1402, connecting rod 1403, and connecting rod 2 1404, creating a sealed space within the preheater 10. Inside the preheater 10, the medium flowing through the heat transfer tube assembly 73 carries the compression heat recovered from the stepped pressurization section 9, preheating the waste battery 42 through heat conduction. The preheating temperature is typically controlled at 40-50℃, which is lower than the evaporation start temperature of the electrolyte, ensuring that the electrolyte does not evaporate prematurely during the preheating stage. Preheating also reduces the energy consumption of the subsequent baking furnace 1.

[0051] In the closed-loop circulation system, vacuum pump 21 provides the driving force for circulation. The medium flows into vacuum pump 211 through heat outlet pipe group 72, where it undergoes heat exchange through coil group 821 and capillary group 832, and then flows into heat outlet branch pipe 1 722 and heat outlet branch pipe 2 723 respectively. It then converges into heat outlet main pipe 721 and enters heat transfer pipe group 73, where it releases heat in preheater 10. After absorbing heat and cooling down, the medium is sent from heat transfer pipe group 73 to heat inlet main pipe 711 through vacuum pump 211, and then flows into heat inlet branch pipe 1 712 and heat inlet branch pipe 2 713, and enters coil group 821 and capillary group 832 for heat exchange, reabsorbing the heat of compression and circulating.

[0052] Puncture of the explosion-proof valve when entering the furnace After the waste battery 42 is preheated to the set temperature, the cylinder 1502 of the opening and closing assembly 15 is activated, which drives the sealing plate 1504 to rise along the guide rod 1503, opening the channel between the baking oven 1 and the preheater 10. After the preheated waste battery assembly 4 is fully pushed into the baking oven 1 by manual or robotic arm, the sealing plate 1504 moves down under the drive of the cylinder 1502 to close the channel. The sealing door 1405 is closed under the linkage drive of the cylinder 1402, the connecting rod 1403, and the connecting rod 1404, so that the baking oven 1 forms a sealed space.

[0053] Subsequently, the electric slider 1407 drives the moving plate 1409 to descend, and the ejector pin 1410 descends synchronously with the moving plate 1409, precisely aligning with the explosion-proof valve positions of each waste battery 42. The electric slider 1407 continues to slide inward to the inside of the furnace body 1401, driving the moving plate 1409 to descend further. The ejector pin 1410, fixed to the lower side of the moving plate 1409, punctures the explosion-proof valve of the waste battery 42, establishing a channel for the electrolyte to vaporize and discharge.

[0054] Vacuum heating and electrolyte vaporization discharge The heating element of baking oven 1 is activated to raise the oven temperature to the temperature required for electrolyte vaporization (usually 150-250℃). At the same time, vacuum pump 3 is activated to evacuate baking oven 1. Under negative pressure, the boiling point of the electrolyte is lowered, which helps to achieve complete vaporization at a lower temperature and avoids excessive decomposition of lithium hexafluorophosphate at high temperatures.

[0055] Under vacuum heating, the electrolyte inside the waste battery 42 changes from a liquid to a gaseous state, and the gaseous electrolyte flows out from the explosion-proof valve punctured by the ejector pin 1410. The gaseous electrolyte, under the suction of the vacuum pump 3, is discharged from the baking oven 1 through the pipeline and first enters the negative pressure gas-liquid separator 2. During the negative pressure pipeline transport process, some high-boiling-point components of the gaseous electrolyte liquefy due to the temperature drop. The negative pressure gas-liquid separator 2 initially intercepts and separates this liquid component, recovering some electrolyte while preventing the liquid component from entering the vacuum pump 3 and causing corrosion damage to the pump body seals and internal structure. After being filtered by the negative pressure gas-liquid separator 2, the gaseous electrolyte is discharged into the gas storage tank 5 via the vacuum pump 3 for temporary storage.

[0056] Cascaded supercharging and fine separation The pressure of the gaseous electrolyte in the gas storage tank 5 is relatively low, insufficient to liquefy the electrolyte components at room temperature. The gaseous electrolyte flows out from the outlet of the gas storage tank 5 and enters the stepped pressurization section 9. The stepped pressurization section 9 includes a primary pressurization component 91, a secondary pressurization component 92, and a tertiary pressurization component 93, which are arranged in series along the gas flow direction, with the pressure increasing step by step. The primary pressurization component 91 pressurizes the gas to 0.3-0.6 MPa, the secondary pressurization component 92 pressurizes it to 0.6-1.2 MPa, and the tertiary pressurization component 93 pressurizes it to 1.2-2.0 MPa.

[0057] The working process and component separation of the first-stage booster assembly 91: The compressor 81 of the first-stage booster assembly 91 pressurizes the incoming gas to 0.3-0.6 MPa. The compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas first flows into the coil heat exchanger 82. In the coil heat exchanger 82, the gas exchanges heat with the medium in the coil assembly 821, and the temperature drops to 40-60℃. Under these pressure and temperature conditions, the components with the highest boiling points in the gaseous electrolyte, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, first reach liquefaction conditions and precipitate out. The liquid components are collected in the collection tank 84 of the first-stage booster assembly 91 through pipelines. The remaining gas mainly contains medium and low boiling point components such as ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate, and continues to flow into the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 83, where it is further cooled to 30-50℃ under the enhanced heat exchange effect of the capillary assembly 832. Under the same pressure (0.3-0.6 MPa), as the temperature further decreases, the components with the second highest boiling points, some methyl ethyl carbonate and some diethyl carbonate, reach liquefaction conditions and precipitate out. The liquid components are collected in collection tank 2 85 of the first-stage pressurization component 91. After two stages of heat exchange and two collections in the first-stage pressurization component 91, the high-boiling-point components and some medium-boiling-point components have been removed from the remaining gas, mainly retaining the unliquefied low-boiling-point components (mainly dimethyl carbonate) and a small amount of residual medium-boiling-point components, and then it enters the second-stage pressurization component 92.

[0058] The working process and component separation of the secondary pressurization component 92: The compressor 81 of the secondary pressurization component 92 further pressurizes the incoming gas to 0.6-1.2 MPa. The compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas first flows into the coil heat exchanger 82, where the temperature drops to 40-60℃. Under the conditions of 0.6-1.2 MPa and 40-60℃, the higher-boiling-point components in the remaining gas, such as the incompletely liquefied methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate from the previous stage, reach the liquefaction conditions and precipitate out, collected in the collection tank 84 of the secondary pressurization component 92. The remaining gas mainly contains dimethyl carbonate and a small amount of other low-boiling-point components, and continues to flow into the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 83, where it is further cooled to 30-50℃. Under the conditions of 0.6-1.2 MPa and 30-50℃, some dimethyl carbonate reaches the liquefaction conditions and precipitates out, collected in the collection tank 85 of the secondary pressurization component 92. After being processed by the secondary booster assembly 92, the remaining gas mainly retains the low-boiling-point components that have not yet been liquefied (mainly dimethyl carbonate) and enters the tertiary booster assembly 93.

[0059] The working process and component separation of the three-stage pressurization assembly 93: The compressor 81 of the three-stage pressurization assembly 93 further pressurizes the incoming gas to 1.2-2.0 MPa. The compressed high-temperature and high-pressure gas first flows into the coil heat exchanger 82, where the temperature drops to 40-60℃. Under the conditions of 1.2-2.0 MPa and 40-60℃, the higher boiling point components in the remaining gas, the incompletely liquefied dimethyl carbonate from the previous stage, and other trace amounts of medium-boiling point residual components reach the liquefaction conditions and precipitate out, collected in the collection tank 84 of the three-stage pressurization assembly 93. The remaining gas mainly contains a very small amount of low-boiling point components that are difficult to liquefy and possible non-condensable gases, and continues to flow into the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 83, where it is further cooled to 30-50℃. Under the conditions of 1.2-2.0 MPa and 30-50℃, the remaining dimethyl carbonate and other trace components further liquefy and precipitate out, collected in the collection tank 85 of the three-stage pressurization assembly 93. After being processed by the three-stage booster assembly 93, the content of organic solvent in the electrolyte in the remaining exhaust gas is extremely low, mainly containing a small amount of non-condensable gases and trace residues, and then enters the subsequent exhaust gas treatment unit.

[0060] The first-stage pressurization assembly 91 collects high-boiling-point components such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate in collection tank 1 (84), and collects some medium-boiling-point components such as methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate in collection tank 2 (85). The second-stage pressurization assembly 92 collects the remaining medium-boiling-point components (methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate) in collection tank 1 (84), and collects some low-boiling-point components (dimethyl carbonate) in collection tank 2 (85). The third-stage pressurization assembly 93 collects mainly the remaining low-boiling-point components (dimethyl carbonate) and trace amounts of residue in collection tanks 1 (84) and 2 (85). Through staged pressurization and two-stage heat exchange liquefaction within each stage, the high-boiling-point, medium-boiling-point, and low-boiling-point organic solvent components in the electrolyte are sequentially liquefied and collected separately at different pressure ranges and heat exchange stages, achieving fine separation of electrolyte components.

[0061] Exhaust gas treatment The treated gas-liquid mixture enters the storage tank 13 for further sedimentation and separation. The remaining liquid components are collected at the bottom of the storage tank 13 under gravity. Subsequently, the exhaust gas discharged from the top outlet of the storage tank 13 is drawn into the gas-liquid separator 12 via pipeline by the vacuum pump 11. The gas-liquid separator 12 performs secondary separation and filtration of the trace amounts of electrolyte droplets remaining in the exhaust gas. After treatment, the exhaust gas is discharged into the external plant emission system, meeting environmental emission requirements.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A waste battery electrolyte recycling device, characterized in that, include: A processing unit for holding waste batteries to be processed, wherein the processing unit is provided with a puncturing mechanism for puncturing the explosion-proof valve of the waste batteries; Vacuum pump 1 (3) is connected to the air extraction port of the processing unit and is used to evacuate the processing unit and extract the gaseous electrolyte; The negative pressure gas-liquid separator (2) is installed on the pipeline between the processing unit and the vacuum pump (3) for preliminary gas-liquid separation of the extracted gaseous electrolyte; The gas storage tank (5) has its inlet connected to the outlet of the vacuum pump (3) and is used to temporarily store the gas discharged by the vacuum pump (3). The gas booster unit has its inlet connected to the outlet of the gas storage tank (5) and is used to boost the gas in the gas storage tank (5) so that the gas is converted into liquid under high pressure. A liquid storage tank (13) is connected to the outlet of the gas booster unit and is used to collect the liquefied electrolyte. A gas-liquid separator (12) is connected to the outlet of the liquid storage tank (13) and is used to filter the exhaust gas discharged from the liquid storage tank (13) and discharge it after treatment in an external plant. The processing unit includes a baking oven (1), which is configured as a sealed oven (14), and the exhaust port of the baking oven (1) is connected to the vacuum pump (3). The sealed furnace (14) includes a furnace body (1401), cylinder one (1402), connecting rod one (1403), connecting rod two (1404), and a sealing door (1405). Two sets of cylinder one (1402) are rotatably connected to the inner side of the furnace body (1401). Two sets of connecting rod one (1403) and two sets of connecting rod two (1404) are rotatably connected to the inner side of the furnace body (1401). The other end of the two sets of connecting rod one (1403) and the two sets of connecting rod two (1404) is rotatably connected to the sealing door (1405). The output end of cylinder one (1402) is rotatably connected to connecting rod one (1403). The piercing mechanism includes a guide rail (1406), an electric slider (1407), a mounting plate (1408), a moving plate (1409), and ejector pins (1410). Multiple sets of guide rails (1406) are fixedly installed on the inner side of the furnace body (1401). An electric slider (1407) is slidably connected to the outer side of the guide rails (1406). A mounting plate (1408) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the electric slider (1407). A moving plate (1409) is fixedly connected between two sets of mounting plates (1408). Evenly distributed ejector pins (1410) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the moving plate (1409). The processing unit also includes a preheater (10), which is also configured as a sealed furnace (14). The preheater (10) is fixedly installed on the back of the baking oven (1). A channel is provided between the baking oven (1) and the preheater (10). An opening and closing assembly (15) is installed on the upper side of the baking oven (1). The opening and closing assembly (15) is used to control the opening and closing of the channel. The gas boosting unit includes a stepped boosting section (9), which includes a first-stage boosting component (91), a second-stage boosting component (92), and a third-stage boosting component (93). The gas storage tank (5) and the liquid storage tank (13) are connected in sequence by the first-stage boosting component (91), the second-stage boosting component (92), and the third-stage boosting component (93). The first-stage boosting component (91), the second-stage boosting component (92), and the third-stage boosting component (93) are used to finely separate the organic solvent components of the electrolyte. The first-stage booster assembly (91), the second-stage booster assembly (92), and the third-stage booster assembly (93) are all configured as electrolyte recovery units (8). The electrolyte recovery unit (8) includes a compressor (81), a coil heat exchanger (82), a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (83), a collection tank one (84), and a collection tank two (85). The outlet of the compressor (81) is connected to the coil heat exchanger (82) and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (83) in sequence through pipelines. The coil heat exchanger (82) includes a coil assembly (821) and a heat exchange tube body (822). The outlet of the compressor (81) is connected to the heat exchange tube body (822) through a pipeline. The coil assembly (821) is installed on the inner side of the heat exchange tube body (822). The lower side of the heat exchange tube body (822) is connected to a collection tank (84) through a pipeline. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger (83) includes a heat exchange shell (831), a capillary tube assembly (832), and a partition plate (833). The upper outlet of the heat exchange tube (822) is connected to the heat exchange shell (831) through a pipeline. The capillary tube assembly (832) is installed on the inner side of the heat exchange shell (831). The partition plate (833) is evenly distributed on the outer side of the capillary tube assembly (832) and on the inner side of the heat exchange shell (831). The lower side of the heat exchange shell (831) is connected to a collection tank (85) through a pipeline. A heat circulation pipeline (7) is provided between the inner side of the preheater (10) and the outer side of the stepped pressurization section (9). The heat circulation pipeline (7) includes an inlet heat pipe group (71), an outlet heat pipe group (72), and a heat transfer pipe group (73). The heat transfer pipe group (73) is installed on the inner side of the preheater (10). The outlet end of the heat transfer pipe group (73) is connected to the inlet heat pipe group (71). The inlet end of the heat transfer pipe group (73) is connected to the second vacuum pump (11). The inlet end of the second vacuum pump (11) is connected to the outlet heat pipe group (72). The heat inlet pipe assembly (71) includes a main heat inlet pipe (711), a first heat inlet pipe (712), and a second heat inlet pipe (713). The outlet end of the heat transfer pipe assembly (73) is connected to the main heat inlet pipe (711). The first heat inlet pipe (712) and the second heat inlet pipe (713) are connected to the main heat inlet pipe (711). The first heat inlet pipe (712) is connected to the inlet end of the coil assembly (821) through a pipe, and the second heat inlet pipe (713) is connected to the inlet end of the capillary assembly (832) through a pipe. The heat outlet tube assembly (72) includes a main heat outlet tube (721), a first heat outlet tube (722), and a second heat outlet tube (723). The inlet end of the second vacuum pump (11) is connected to the main heat outlet tube (721). The first heat outlet tube (722) and the second heat outlet tube (723) are connected to the main heat outlet tube (721). The outlet end of the coil assembly (821) is connected to the first heat outlet tube (722) through a pipeline. The outlet end of the capillary assembly (832) is connected to the second heat outlet tube (723) through a pipeline.

2. The waste battery electrolyte recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scrapped battery includes a battery assembly (4), which includes a recycling housing (41) and used batteries (42). The used batteries (42) are arranged in an array on the inner side of the recycling housing (41).

3. The waste battery electrolyte recycling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly (15) includes a fixed frame (1501), a second cylinder (1502), a guide rod (1503), and a sealing plate (1504). The fixed frame (1501) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the baking oven (1). The second cylinder (1502) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed frame (1501). The sealing plate (1504) is fixedly connected to the lower output end of the second cylinder (1502). The guide rods (1503) are fixedly connected to the four corners of the upper side of the sealing plate (1504). The guide rods (1503) slide inside the fixed frame (1501). The sealing plate (1504) is used to control the opening and closing of the channel between the baking oven (1) and the preheater (10).

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