Die casting apparatus and processing method thereof
By setting up an injection channel structure and a guide vane assembly in the die-casting equipment, gas-liquid separation is achieved by utilizing the centrifugal effect of swirling flow and a vacuum pump, thus solving the problem of gas entrapment caused by turbulent metal flow and improving the quality of die-casting.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NINGBO YINZHOU YAHAO METAL PRODUCTS CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
AI Technical Summary
During the high-speed filling process, the flow of molten metal in existing die-casting equipment is disordered, which easily leads to the entrainment of air and volatile gases, resulting in defects such as porosity, looseness, and air inclusion in the casting. Existing venting methods are difficult to effectively separate and remove these defects.
An injection channel structure, including a guide vane assembly and a guide core, is set between the injection mechanism and the cavity. Gas-liquid separation is achieved by utilizing the centrifugal effect of swirling flow. The gas is introduced into the gas collection cavity through the opening groove on the guide core, and exhaust is carried out by a vacuum pump, forming a stable spiral flow field and axial flow state.
It significantly reduces the probability of gas retention in the mold cavity, improves the density and molding quality of castings, reduces porosity, looseness and gas inclusion defects, and achieves stable delivery and filling of molten metal.
Smart Images
Figure CN122500167A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of die casting technology, and in particular to a die casting equipment and its processing technology. Background Technology
[0002] Die casting is a metal forming method that uses high pressure to rapidly fill molten metal into a mold cavity and solidify it under pressure. It has advantages such as high production efficiency, good forming accuracy, and suitability for manufacturing complex structural parts.
[0003] In existing die-casting equipment and its injection system, molten metal is usually conveyed directly into the mold cavity after being injected by the injection mechanism to complete the filling. However, during high-speed filling, the flow state of the molten metal is mostly turbulent or jet-like, which easily leads to the entrainment of air and volatile gases during the flow process. At the same time, severe impacts and turbulent disturbances are generated at the cavity inlet, making it difficult for the gas to be discharged in time. As a result, defects such as porosity, looseness, and air inclusion are formed inside the casting, affecting the density and mechanical properties of the product.
[0004] To address these issues, some existing technologies employ venting structures in the mold's venting grooves or vacuum-assisted venting to reduce residual gas inside the mold cavity. However, these methods mostly involve passive venting at the end of the cavity, making it difficult to achieve effective gas-liquid separation before the molten metal enters the cavity. Furthermore, they have limited effectiveness in improving air entrapment caused by turbulent flow during high-speed filling.
[0005] In addition, traditional injection channel structures usually only serve to transport molten metal, lacking active means to control the flow state of the molten metal, making it impossible to form a stable and orderly flow state during the transport process, and also making it difficult to effectively collect and separate the gas generated during the flow.
[0006] Therefore, how to structurally optimize the flow field in the injection channel before the molten metal enters the mold cavity, thereby stabilizing the flow state of the molten metal and actively separating and discharging the gas, thus improving the quality of die casting, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a die-casting equipment and its processing technology.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A die-casting device includes a mounting plate, a fixed template, a movable template, a mold closing drive assembly, an injection mechanism, and an injection channel structure disposed between the injection mechanism and the mold cavity. The fixed template and the moving template are arranged opposite to each other. The fixed template and the moving template are respectively provided with grooves. When the fixed template and the moving template are closed under the drive of the mold closing drive assembly, the grooves are joined together to form a cavity. The injection channel structure includes an injection plate, an injection channel formed inside the injection plate, and a guide vane assembly disposed inside the injection channel. The guide vane assembly includes a guide core and a plurality of spiral guide vanes distributed circumferentially along the guide core. The plurality of spiral guide vanes are disposed between the outer wall of the guide core and the inner wall of the injection channel and extend spirally along the flow direction of the molten metal, so that the molten metal forms a spiral flow field rotating around the guide core when it flows through the injection channel. The guide core forms a hollow gas gathering cavity, and the guide core is provided with multiple open slots that communicate with the gas gathering cavity. During the swirling of the molten metal, the air and volatile gases that accumulate in the center region of the swirling flow enter the gas gathering cavity through the open slots and are then discharged.
[0009] Furthermore, the injection channel includes a direct current channel, a spiral flow guiding channel, and a buffer flow stabilizing channel connected in sequence; The spiral guide vanes are disposed inside the spiral guide channel; The spiral guide channel is used to form a swirling flow field under the action of the spiral guide blades; The buffer flow stabilization channel is used to restore the flow state of the molten metal after it has been guided by swirling flow.
[0010] Furthermore, the flow guide core includes an extension, a flow guide, and a sealing portion; The extension is located inside the DC channel and is used to centrally guide the molten metal entering the spiral guide channel. The flow guide is located inside the spiral flow guide channel, and a plurality of the opening slots are provided on the flow guide; The sealing part is located inside the buffer flow stabilization channel and is used to axially guide the swirling center area and isolate the rear end.
[0011] Furthermore, the sealing part has a tapered structure that gradually narrows along the flow direction of the molten metal, so as to gradually weaken the swirling intensity as the molten metal flows from the spiral guide channel to the buffer flow stabilizing channel.
[0012] Furthermore, the opening direction of the slot is inclined toward the low-pressure side of the swirling center region.
[0013] Furthermore, a gas-guiding isolation layer is provided between the opening groove and the gas gathering cavity. The gas-guiding isolation layer covers the inner area of the opening groove and is located between the opening groove and the gas gathering cavity.
[0014] Furthermore, the flow guide core includes a first core unit and a second core unit spliced together, and the first core unit and the second core unit are spliced together to form the flow guide core and the gas gathering cavity; The opening slot is disposed on the first core unit, and the air-guiding isolation layer is installed on the inner wall of the first core unit.
[0015] Furthermore, the injection plate is provided with a lateral exhaust branch, which is connected to the gas gathering chamber; An air pump is installed on the injection plate, and the air pump is connected to the side exhaust branch.
[0016] Furthermore, the buffer flow stabilization channel includes a swirling weakening zone, a pressure recovery zone, and a stable output zone connected in sequence; The cross-sectional area of the swirling weakening zone gradually increases along the flow direction of the molten metal to reduce the circumferential rotation speed of the molten metal. The pressure recovery zone is used to reduce local pressure fluctuations formed during the swirling decay process and to make the internal pressure distribution of the molten metal more uniform. The stable output zone is used to enable the molten metal to form a stable flow state with continuous axial flow and enter the cavity in a low-turbulence state.
[0017] A processing technology for die-casting equipment includes the following steps: S1. Mold Closure: The mold closure drive assembly drives the moving template to move towards the fixed template, so that the fixed template and the moving template form a closed mold-locking state, thereby allowing the mold cavity grooves on the fixed template and the moving template to fit together to form a closed cavity; S2, Injection Conveying: Molten metal is conveyed into the injection channel structure through the injection mechanism; S3, Swirl Flow Guiding: When the molten metal flows through the swirling guide vane assembly, multiple spiral guide vanes apply circumferential guiding action to the molten metal, causing the molten metal to form a spiral flow field rotating around the guide core during axial flow. S4. Gas-liquid separation: Under the action of swirling centrifugation, the denser molten metal flows to the outer periphery of the injection channel, while the air and volatile gases entrained in the molten metal gather in the center of the swirling flow and enter the gas gathering chamber inside the guide core through multiple openings on the guide core. S5. Exhaust: The gas gathered inside the gas gathering cavity is discharged through the lateral exhaust branch connected to the gas gathering cavity; S6. Filling: After gas-liquid separation, the molten metal continues to flow into the mold cavity to complete the die casting filling.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: By setting an injection channel structure including an injection channel and a guide vane assembly between the injection mechanism and the cavity, and setting a gas gathering cavity and an open groove structure connected thereto inside the guide core, the molten metal liquid can form a controlled spiral flow field under the action of the spiral guide vane before entering the cavity, thereby realizing the active control of the flow state.
[0019] Specifically, this invention utilizes the centrifugal effect generated during the swirling process to cause air and volatile gases in the molten metal to gather towards the center of the flow field. These gases are then introduced into the gas gathering cavity through the open groove on the guide core, achieving the early gathering and separation of the entrained gas. Compared to the traditional method that relies solely on venting from the end of the cavity, this significantly reduces the probability of gas stagnation within the cavity.
[0020] Meanwhile, in the process of gas separation, this structure can also rectify and stabilize the flow of molten metal, so that when the molten metal enters the mold cavity, it gradually transitions from a swirling state to a relatively stable axial flow state, thereby reducing the filling impact and turbulent gas entrapment phenomenon.
[0021] Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of the guide vane assembly and the guide core structure, a stable and controllable flow field structure can be formed inside the injection channel, improving the continuity of molten metal delivery and the uniformity of filling, thereby improving the problems of porosity, looseness and air inclusion defects in the die casting process as a whole, and improving the density and molding quality of the casting. Attached Figure Description
[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the die-casting equipment of this application.
[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view of the die-casting equipment of this application.
[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross section along line AA.
[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the material injection channel structure of this application.
[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the injection plate of this application.
[0028] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal guide vane assembly of the injection plate in this application.
[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the flow guide core of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the die-casting equipment in this embodiment includes a mounting plate 10, a fixed template 20, a moving template 30, a mold closing drive assembly 40, an injection mechanism 50, and an exhaust valve 60.
[0032] The fixed template 20 is fixedly installed on one side of the equipment frame, while the movable template 30 is located on one side of the mounting plate 10 and can reciprocate relative to the fixed template 20 along the guide direction to realize the mold opening and closing actions. The fixed template 20 and the movable template 30 are guided and fitted by guide pillars and guide sleeves to ensure coaxiality and positioning accuracy during the mold closing process.
[0033] The mold closing drive assembly 40 is preferably a hydraulic mold closing cylinder mechanism, but it can also be an elbow-type mold closing mechanism or a servo-electrically driven mold closing mechanism. It is used to drive the mounting plate 10 and the moving template 30 to move together toward the fixed template 20 and form a mold locking state.
[0034] The fixed template 20 and the moving template 30 are respectively provided with mold cavity grooves 21 and 31 on their opposing surfaces. A core 70 is provided in the groove of either the fixed template 20 or the moving template 30. When the fixed template 20 and the moving template 30 are closed under the drive of the mold closing drive assembly 40, the mold cavity grooves 21 and 31 are joined together to form a cavity 80 for die casting. The core 70 is used to form internal holes, mounting cavities, or irregular structures of the product.
[0035] Furthermore, the injection mechanism 50 is installed on one side of the mold. The injection mechanism 50 includes a barrel 51, a punch 52 installed inside the barrel 51, an injection cylinder (not shown) connected to the punch 52, a feed pipe 54 connected to the outlet end of the barrel 51, and an air pump 55 installed along the path of the feed pipe 54. The barrel 51 is used to contain molten metal. The punch 52, driven by the injection cylinder, advances at high speed along the inside of the barrel 51, thereby pushing the molten metal towards the mold. The feed pipe 54 connects the barrel 51 to the injection channel structure 90. The air pump 55 generates auxiliary air pressure inside the feed pipe 54 during the feeding stage to improve the stability of molten metal delivery and reduce air entrapment caused by partial flow interruptions during feeding.
[0036] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 In this embodiment, an injection channel structure 90 is provided between the injection mechanism 50 and the cavity 80. The injection channel structure 90 includes an injection plate 91 fixed between the mounting plate 10 and the moving template 30. A through injection channel 92 is formed inside the injection plate 91 and a guide vane assembly 100 is disposed inside the injection channel 92.
[0037] The guide vane assembly 100 is arranged along the flow direction of the molten metal to form a controlled swirling flow field during the flow of the molten metal, thereby reducing the turbulent air entrainment phenomenon generated by the molten metal directly impacting the cavity.
[0038] The flow guide vane assembly 100 includes multiple spiral flow guide vanes 101 evenly distributed circumferentially and a flow guide core 102 located at the center. The spiral flow guide vanes 101 are disposed between the outer wall surface of the flow guide core 102 and the inner wall surface of the injection channel 92, and extend spirally around the flow guide core 102. Preferably, the number of spiral flow guide vanes 101 is 3 to 6, and the spiral angle of each spiral flow guide vane 101 is 15° to 45°. Through the synergistic flow guiding effect of the multiple spiral flow guide vanes 101, the molten metal forms a spiral flow field rotating along the channel axis within the spiral flow guide channel.
[0039] Furthermore, the injection channel 92 includes a direct flow channel 921, a spiral guide channel 922, and a buffer flow stabilizing channel 923 connected in sequence. The injection port on the direct flow channel 921 is sealed to the end of the feed pipe 54, and the buffer flow stabilizing channel 923 is connected to the cavity 80. The direct flow channel 921 is used for initial stable delivery of the incoming molten metal, ensuring the molten metal remains in a continuous and stable state before entering the swirling zone.
[0040] The spiral guide channel 922 is used to form a rotating flow field under the action of the guide vane assembly 100. The buffer flow stabilization channel 923 is used to weaken the local turbulence and rotational impact in the swirling flow field, so that the molten metal can enter the cavity 80 after restoring to a relatively stable flow dynamic.
[0041] Furthermore, the flow guide core 102 includes an extension 1021, a flow guide 1022, and a sealing part 1023. The extension 1021 is located at the direct flow channel 921 of the injection channel 92, the flow guide 1022 is located at the spiral flow guide channel 922 of the injection channel 92, and the sealing part 1023 extends from the spiral flow guide channel 922 into the buffer flow stabilizing channel 923.
[0042] The extension 1021 is used to guide the molten metal before it enters the spiral guide channel 922 to reduce flow eccentricity; the guide section 1022 is used to form a central low-pressure area; the sealing section 1023 is used to isolate the rear end of the swirling core area to enhance swirling stability and prevent turbulent diffusion in the central negative pressure area.
[0043] Furthermore, the sealing part 1023 has a conical structure, and the outer diameter of the cone gradually decreases along the flow direction of the molten metal. When the molten metal enters the buffer flow stabilizing channel 923 after passing through the spiral guide channel 922, the sealing part 1023 can gradually weaken the central swirling intensity and reduce local pressure changes, thereby reducing splashing and impact fluctuations when the molten metal enters the cavity 80.
[0044] Furthermore, a hollow inner cavity is formed inside the guide core 102, which constitutes the gas gathering cavity 300, located in the central region of the guide vane assembly 100. The guide section 1022 is provided with multiple opening slots 1024, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the guide core 102, maintaining communication between the gas gathering cavity 300 and the inner cavity of the spiral guide channel 922. As the molten metal forms a high-speed rotating flow field under the action of the spiral guide vanes 101, the denser molten metal accumulates towards the outer periphery of the injection channel 92 under centrifugal force, while air and volatile gases entrained in the molten metal converge towards the vortex center region and enter the gas gathering cavity 300 through the opening slots 1024.
[0045] Preferably, the multiple opening slots 1024 are slit-shaped structures, with their length direction basically consistent with the flow direction of the molten metal, while their width direction is significantly smaller than that of the length direction, thereby forming a slender gas guiding channel to prevent the molten metal from entering the gas gathering cavity 300 in a large area under high-speed swirling state.
[0046] Specifically, when the molten metal enters the spiral guide channel 922, a spiral flow field is formed around the guide core 102 at high speed under the action of the spiral guide blades 101. Due to the centrifugal force, the denser molten metal tends to flow along the outer periphery of the injection channel 92, while the less dense air, volatile gases, and entrained bubbles gradually gather towards the center of the vortex, thus forming a relatively stable low-pressure gas accumulation zone around the guide core 102.
[0047] The opening of the slot 1024 is inclined toward the low-pressure gas accumulation area. Specifically, the slot 1024 is not opened radially vertically, but forms an inclined angle with respect to the radial direction of the guide core 102, so that the opening of the slot 1024 faces the low-pressure side region in the direction of swirling rotation.
[0048] Under the influence of the swirling flow field, a local pressure difference will be formed around the outer periphery of the guide core 102. The pressure is lower near the core of the swirling flow, while the pressure is higher in the outer high-speed molten metal region. Since the opening groove 1024 is inclined towards the low-pressure region, the gas accumulated in the low-pressure region can more easily enter the interior of the opening groove 1024 and enter the gas gathering chamber 300 along the opening groove 1024.
[0049] Meanwhile, due to centrifugal force, the high-density molten metal flows at high speed mainly along the outer periphery of the injection channel 92. Its direction of movement forms a certain angle with the inclined inlet direction of the opening groove 1024, making it difficult for the molten metal to directly and directly enter the opening groove 1024. Furthermore, because the opening groove 1024 is relatively narrow, the molten metal, under the influence of surface tension, struggles to stably and continuously enter the slit, further reducing the probability of the molten metal entering the gas collection chamber 300.
[0050] Furthermore, multiple open slots 1024 are evenly distributed around the guide core 102, so that the gas gathered at different positions in the swirling center area can be introduced into the gas gathering cavity 300 to improve the overall gas collection uniformity and exhaust stability.
[0051] In some embodiments, a gas guiding isolation layer 103 is provided between the opening groove 1024 and the gas gathering cavity 300. The gas guiding isolation layer 103 covers the inner area of the opening groove 1024 and is located between the opening groove 1024 and the gas gathering cavity 300.
[0052] The gas-conducting isolation layer 103 is preferably a microporous gas-conducting layer, a porous sintered layer, a honeycomb gas-conducting layer, or a metal microporous filter layer. Multiple interconnected microporous channels are formed inside the gas-conducting isolation layer 103. The pore size of the gas-conducting isolation layer 103 is smaller than the critical size for the molten metal to form a stable liquid bridge under pressure injection, making it difficult for the molten metal to continuously enter the interior of the gas-conducting isolation layer 103 under the action of surface tension. Meanwhile, air and volatile gases with lower density can pass through the gas-conducting isolation layer 103 under the action of pressure difference and enter the interior of the gas gathering cavity 300.
[0053] When the molten metal forms a high-speed swirling flow inside the spiral guide channel 922, the air and bubbles entrained in the molten metal gradually gather towards the center of the swirling flow and move towards the opening groove 1024 under the action of negative pressure. After passing through the opening groove 1024, the gathered gas passes through the gas guide isolation layer 103 and enters the gas gathering chamber 300. Meanwhile, the molten metal rotating at high speed on the periphery mainly flows along the outer periphery of the injection channel 92 due to centrifugal force, and is blocked by the surface tension of the gas guide isolation layer 103, so it is difficult to enter the interior of the gas gathering chamber 300.
[0054] By setting the gas-conducting isolation layer 103, the probability of molten metal accidentally entering the gas-gathering cavity 300 can be reduced while ensuring gas conduction capacity, thereby reducing the risk of molten metal residue solidification and blockage inside the gas-gathering cavity 300 and improving the overall exhaust stability.
[0055] It should be noted that the flow guide core 102 includes a first core unit and a second core unit that are spliced together. The first core unit and the second core unit are spliced together to form the overall structure of the flow guide core 102, and a gas gathering cavity 300 is formed inside.
[0056] The opening slot 1024 is disposed on the first core unit, and the air-guiding isolation layer 103 is installed on the inner wall of the first core unit.
[0057] By setting the flow guide core 102 as a split splicing structure, the installation and fixation of the air guide isolation layer 103 can be completed in advance before the flow guide core 102 is assembled, thereby reducing the installation difficulty of the internal air guide structure and improving the assembly stability of the air guide isolation layer 103.
[0058] In this embodiment, the first core unit and the second core unit can be connected by threaded connection, snap-fit connection, locating pin connection, welding connection or interference fit connection.
[0059] Furthermore, the injection plate 91 is provided with a lateral exhaust branch 400, which is connected to the gas gathering chamber 300. A vacuum pump 500 is installed at the bottom of the injection plate 91, and the vacuum pump 500 is connected to the lateral exhaust branch 400. The vacuum pump 500 is used to create a continuous negative pressure suction in the gas gathering chamber 300 during the injection stage, thereby improving gas discharge efficiency. Through the synergistic effect of swirling centrifugal separation and negative pressure suction, the entrained gas in the molten metal can be extracted in advance before entering the mold cavity 80, reducing the probability of porosity and looseness defects forming inside the product.
[0060] Furthermore, a buffer flow stabilization channel 923 is disposed between the spiral flow guide channel 922 and the mold cavity 80. The buffer flow stabilization channel 923 includes a swirling weakening zone 9231, a pressure recovery zone 9232, and a stable output zone 9233 connected in sequence. The buffer flow stabilization channel 923 is used to reform the flow of the high-speed swirling molten metal formed after passing through the flow guide vane assembly 100, so as to reduce the severe turbulence, splashing, and secondary air entrapment phenomena generated when the molten metal directly enters the mold cavity 80, thereby improving the stability of die casting filling.
[0061] In this design, one end of the sealing portion 1023 of the guide core 102 extends into the interior of the swirling weakening zone 9231, and the sealing portion 1023 preferably has a tapered structure that gradually narrows along the flow direction of the molten metal. Through the cooperation between the sealing portion 1023 and the swirling weakening zone 9231, a stable guide can be formed for the swirling core region, thereby preventing the swirling center region from suddenly collapsing or becoming unbalanced when entering the subsequent flow channel.
[0062] Specifically, after the molten metal passes through the spiral guide channel 922, it still maintains a relatively high rotational speed inside. At this time, the molten metal not only has kinetic energy flowing axially along the injection channel 92, but also has a large circumferential rotational kinetic energy. If the molten metal in this state directly enters the cavity 80, the high-speed rotating flow field will generate obvious local impact and turbulent entrainment phenomena at the inlet of the cavity 80, which will cause gas to be re-entrained into the molten metal, and may even cause splashing, flow interruption or local erosion problems.
[0063] Therefore, in this embodiment, a swirling weakening zone 9231 is provided to buffer the high-speed swirling flow. The cross-sectional area of the swirling weakening zone 9231 gradually increases along the flow direction of the molten metal, so that the flow cross-sectional area gradually increases when the molten metal flows through this region. According to the principle of fluid continuity, when the flow rate is basically constant, the overall flow velocity of the molten metal decreases after the flow channel cross-sectional area increases, especially the circumferential rotational speed of the molten metal gradually decreases.
[0064] Meanwhile, because the swirling weakening zone 9231 adopts a gradually expanding transition structure, the molten metal will not suddenly decelerate, but will form a continuous and gradual velocity decay process, thereby avoiding backflow vortices and secondary turbulence phenomena caused by sudden local expansion. As the rotational speed gradually decreases, the low-pressure vortex core originally concentrated in the swirling center region begins to weaken, and the swirling flow field gradually transitions from a strong rotational state to a stable axial flow dynamic.
[0065] Furthermore, the sealing portion 1023 of the guide core 102 extends into the swirling weakening zone 9231, thus providing axial constraint to the central swirling region. During swirling weakening, if the central region lacks stable constraint, uneven velocity decay can easily lead to central backflow or local collapse, causing flow field shift. By continuously guiding the central region through the sealing portion 1023, the swirling weakening process can remain relatively stable, reducing the probability of local flow field imbalance.
[0066] Furthermore, the pressure recovery zone 9232 is located after the swirling weakening zone 9231. After passing through the swirling weakening zone 9231, although the high-speed rotation of the molten metal has been significantly weakened, there may still be some degree of local negative pressure fluctuations and uneven velocity distribution within the flow field. Especially during the gradual disappearance of the swirling core region, short-term pressure fluctuations may form in local areas, thus affecting the subsequent filling stability.
[0067] Therefore, the pressure recovery zone 9232 is used to rebalance the internal pressure of the molten metal. Specifically, the flow channel structure of the pressure recovery zone 9232 preferably adopts a relatively smooth transition structure, so that the molten metal gradually restores a uniform and stable static pressure state as it flows through this region. As the kinetic energy of the fluid rotation continues to decay, the radial pressure difference originally formed by the swirling flow gradually decreases, and the internal pressure distribution of the molten metal tends to be balanced, thereby reducing local low-pressure fluctuations and cavitation disturbances.
[0068] Meanwhile, within the pressure recovery zone 9232, the unstable micro-vortices that originally existed inside the molten metal will be gradually absorbed by the mainstream axial flow, causing the flow field to return to a stable and continuous state, thereby reducing the risk of local flow breakage or air entrapment when entering the cavity 80 later.
[0069] Furthermore, the stable output zone 9233 is located between the pressure recovery zone 9232 and the cavity 80. The stable output zone 9233 is used to perform final stable output control on the flow state of the molten metal before it enters the cavity 80. After the aforementioned swirling weakening and pressure recovery, the molten metal mainly forms a stable flow state with continuous axial flow within the stable output zone 9233.
[0070] The stable output zone 9233 preferably adopts a straight flow channel structure with a small change in cross-sectional area, so that the molten metal can enter the cavity 80 in a continuous, uniform and low-turbulence state. Since the rotational kinetic energy and local pressure fluctuations inside the molten metal have been significantly weakened at this time, the molten metal can form a more stable filling front after entering the cavity 80, thereby reducing splashing, air entrapment and molten metal stratification phenomena generated during the filling process.
[0071] Through the multi-stage flow stabilization coordination of the swirling weakening zone 9231, the pressure recovery zone 9232, and the stable output zone 9233, the molten metal can gradually recover from a high-speed swirling state to a stable axial flow dynamic after completing the swirling gas-liquid separation.
[0072] The processing technology of the die-casting equipment of this application is as follows: During operation, the moving platen 30 is first driven to move towards the fixed platen 20 by the mold closing drive assembly 40, so that the fixed platen 20 and the moving platen 30 form a closed mold locking state, thereby merging the mold cavity grooves 21 and 31 to form a closed cavity 80. After the mold is closed, the molten metal is injected into the barrel 51 and injected and transported by the injection mechanism 50.
[0073] Specifically, the injection cylinder drives the punch 52 to advance at high speed inside the barrel 51, and the punch 52 pushes the molten metal to flow along the feeding pipe 54. During this process, a continuous and stable molten metal conveying channel is formed inside the feeding pipe 54. The air pump 55 can generate auxiliary air pressure inside the feeding pipe 54 during the feeding stage to reduce air entrainment caused by local interruption, backflow or pressure fluctuation during the molten metal conveying process, thereby improving the stability of the molten metal before entering the injection channel 92.
[0074] Subsequently, the molten metal enters the injection channel 92 through the direct current channel 921. Since the direct current channel 921 has a relatively regular straight-line guiding structure, the molten metal mainly forms a stable axial flow in this region. Simultaneously, the extension 1021 of the guide core 102 is located in the central region of the direct current channel 921. Through the guiding effect of the extension 1021, it can form a central guide for the molten metal entering the subsequent spiral guiding channel 922, thereby reducing the problem of uneven local flow field caused by the molten metal flowing off course.
[0075] As the molten metal continues to flow forward and enters the spiral guide channel 922, multiple spiral guide vanes 101 begin to apply circumferential guiding force to the molten metal. Since the spiral guide vanes 101 are spirally distributed along the circumference of the guide core 102, the molten metal is simultaneously subjected to circumferential deflection force during axial advancement, thereby gradually forming a spiral flow field that rotates at high speed around the guide core 102.
[0076] During the formation of this vortex, the molten metal simultaneously exhibits axial flow velocity and circumferential rotational velocity. As the rotational velocity continuously increases, a low-pressure vortex core region gradually forms in the central region of the vortex. Because the density of the molten metal is significantly greater than that of air and volatile gases, under the action of centrifugal force, the denser molten metal tends to flow along the outer periphery of the injection channel 92, while the air, volatile gases, and microbubbles entrained in the molten metal gradually migrate and accumulate towards the central region of the vortex.
[0077] Meanwhile, the guide section 1022 of the guide core 102 is located in the swirling core region, and multiple opening slots 1024 on the outer wall of the guide section 1022 are connected to the gas gathering chamber 300 inside the guide core 102. When a low-pressure state is formed in the swirling core region, the gas gathered in the swirling core region preferentially enters the opening slots 1024 under the action of pressure difference, and further enters the gas gathering chamber 300.
[0078] Because the opening groove 1024 has a slit-like structure and its opening is inclined towards the swirling low-pressure area, the gas can enter the gas gathering chamber 300 more smoothly along the low-pressure direction, while the high-speed rotating molten metal mainly flows along the outer peripheral area due to centrifugal force and is not easy to directly enter the interior of the opening groove 1024. In addition, with the setting of the gas guiding isolation layer 103, the probability of molten metal accidentally entering the gas gathering chamber 300 can be greatly reduced.
[0079] Furthermore, the lateral exhaust branch 400 located inside the injection plate 91 is connected to the gas gathering chamber 300, and the vacuum pump 500 continuously creates a negative pressure suction effect on the lateral exhaust branch 400. Under the action of negative pressure, the gas entering the gas gathering chamber 300 continues to be discharged along the lateral exhaust branch 400, thereby forming a continuous and stable gas extraction channel in the central region of the guide core 102.
[0080] During this process, due to the combined action of swirling centrifugal separation and negative pressure suction, some of the entrained gas in the molten metal can be separated and discharged before entering the mold cavity 80, thereby reducing the probability of porosity, looseness and gas inclusion defects forming inside the subsequent die-cast products.
[0081] After gas-liquid separation, the molten metal continues to enter the buffer flow stabilization channel 923. Since the molten metal still maintains a large rotational kinetic energy after passing through the spiral guide channel 922, if it directly enters the cavity 80, it is easy to form severe turbulence and secondary air entrainment at the cavity entrance. Therefore, in this embodiment, the buffer flow stabilization channel 923 is used to gradually weaken and stabilize the swirling state.
[0082] Specifically, the molten metal first enters the swirling weakening zone 9231. As the cross-sectional area of the swirling weakening zone 9231 gradually expands along the flow direction of the molten metal, the flow velocity of the molten metal gradually decreases, especially the circumferential rotational velocity, thereby gradually weakening the originally strong swirling flow field. At the same time, the sealing part 1023 of the guide core 102 extends into the interior of the swirling weakening zone 9231. By continuously guiding the swirling center region, the probability of central collapse and local backflow during the swirling attenuation process can be reduced.
[0083] Subsequently, the molten metal enters the pressure recovery zone 9232. In this zone, the radial pressure difference originally formed by the swirling flow gradually decreases, the local low-pressure area gradually returns to stability, and the minute turbulence and unstable flow inside the molten metal are gradually absorbed by the mainstream axial flow, thereby causing the internal pressure of the flow field to return to a state of equilibrium.
[0084] Finally, the molten metal enters the stable output zone 9233. After the aforementioned swirling weakening and pressure recovery, the molten metal basically forms a stable flow state with continuous axial flow in the stable output zone 9233. It enters the mold cavity 80 in a continuous, stable, and low-turbulence state to complete the die casting filling, thereby reducing the phenomena of splashing, flow interruption and secondary air entrapment when the molten metal enters the mold cavity 80, and improving the internal density and molding quality of the die-cast product.
[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A die-casting equipment, characterized in that, It includes a mounting plate (10), a fixed template (20), a moving template (30), a mold closing drive assembly (40), an injection mechanism (50), and an injection channel structure (90) disposed between the injection mechanism (50) and the cavity (80); The fixed template (20) and the moving template (30) are arranged opposite to each other. The fixed template (20) and the moving template (30) are respectively provided with grooves (21, 31). When the fixed template (20) and the moving template (30) are closed under the drive of the mold closing drive assembly (40), the grooves (21, 31) are assembled to form a cavity (80). The injection channel structure (90) includes an injection plate (91), an injection channel (92) formed inside the injection plate (91), and a guide vane assembly (100) disposed inside the injection channel (92). The guide vane assembly (100) includes a guide core (102) and a plurality of spiral guide vanes (101) distributed circumferentially along the guide core (102). The plurality of spiral guide vanes (101) are disposed between the outer wall of the guide core (102) and the inner wall of the injection channel (92) and extend spirally along the flow direction of the molten metal, so that the molten metal forms a spiral flow field rotating around the guide core (102) when it flows through the injection channel (92); The guide core (102) forms a hollow gas gathering cavity (300) inside. The guide core (102) is provided with a plurality of open slots (1024) that communicate with the gas gathering cavity (300). During the swirling process of the molten metal, the air and volatile gases that accumulate in the center region of the swirling flow enter the gas gathering cavity (300) through the open slots (1024) and are discharged.
2. The die-casting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection channel (92) includes a direct current channel (921), a spiral flow guide channel (922), and a buffer flow stabilizing channel (923) connected in sequence. The spiral guide vane (101) is disposed inside the spiral guide channel (922); The spiral guide channel (922) is used to form a swirling flow field under the action of the spiral guide blade (101); The buffer flow stabilization channel (923) is used to restore the flow state of the molten metal after it has been guided by swirling flow.
3. The die-casting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow guide core (102) includes an extension (1021), a flow guide (1022), and a sealing part (1023). The extension (1021) is located inside the DC channel (921) and is used to centrally guide the molten metal entering the spiral guide channel (922); The flow guide (1022) is located inside the spiral flow guide channel (922), and a plurality of the opening slots (1024) are provided on the flow guide (1022); The sealing part (1023) is located inside the buffer flow stabilization channel (923) and is used to axially guide and isolate the rear end of the swirling center area.
4. The die-casting equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sealing part (1023) has a tapered structure that gradually narrows along the direction of the molten metal flow, so as to gradually weaken the swirling intensity as the molten metal flows from the spiral guide channel (922) to the buffer flow stabilizing channel (923).
5. The die-casting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening of the slot (1024) is inclined toward the low-pressure side of the swirling center region.
6. The die-casting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gas-guiding isolation layer (103) is provided between the opening groove (1024) and the gas gathering cavity (300). The gas-guiding isolation layer (103) covers the inner area of the opening groove (1024) and is located between the opening groove (1024) and the gas gathering cavity (300).
7. The die-casting equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow guide core (102) includes a first core unit and a second core unit spliced together. The first core unit and the second core unit are spliced together to form the flow guide core (102) and the gas gathering cavity (300). The opening slot (1024) is disposed on the first core unit, and the air-guiding isolation layer (103) is installed on the inner wall of the first core unit.
8. The die-casting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection plate (91) is provided with a lateral exhaust branch (400) inside, and the lateral exhaust branch (400) is connected to the gas gathering chamber (300); An air pump (500) is installed on the injection plate (91), and the air pump (500) is connected to the side exhaust branch (400).
9. The die-casting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The buffer flow stabilization channel (923) includes a swirling weakening zone (9231), a pressure recovery zone (9232), and a stable output zone (9233) connected in sequence. The cross-sectional area of the swirling weakening zone (9231) gradually increases along the flow direction of the molten metal to reduce the circumferential rotation speed of the molten metal. The pressure recovery zone (9232) is used to reduce local pressure fluctuations formed during the swirling decay process and to make the internal pressure distribution of the molten metal more uniform. The stable output zone (9233) is used to enable the molten metal to form a stable flow state with continuous axial flow and enter the cavity (80) in a low turbulence state.
10. A processing technology based on the die-casting equipment of claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mold closing: The moving template (30) is driven to move towards the fixed template (20) by the mold closing drive assembly (40), so that the fixed template (20) and the moving template (30) form a closed mold locking state, thereby so that the mold cavity grooves (21, 31) on the fixed template (20) and the moving template (30) are joined to form a closed cavity (80). S2, Injection Conveying: Molten metal is conveyed to the inside of the injection channel structure (90) through the injection mechanism (50); S3, Swirl flow guidance: When the molten metal flows through the swirling guide vane assembly (100), multiple spiral guide vanes (101) apply circumferential guidance to the molten metal, so that the molten metal forms a spiral flow field rotating around the guide core (102) during the axial flow process; S4. Gas-liquid separation: Under the action of swirling centrifugation, the denser molten metal flows to the outer periphery of the injection channel (92), while the air and volatile gases entrained in the molten metal gather in the center of the swirling flow and enter the gas gathering chamber (300) inside the guide core (102) through multiple opening slots (1024) on the guide core (102). S5, Exhaust: The gas gathered inside the gas gathering chamber (300) is discharged through the lateral exhaust branch (400) connected to the gas gathering chamber (300); S6, Filling: After gas-liquid separation, the molten metal continues to flow into the cavity (80) to complete the die casting filling.