Self-adapting air supply control system for large shaft of water turbine based on dynamic pressure feedback

Abstract

The application provides a hydraulic turbine large shaft adaptive air supplement control system based on dynamic pressure feedback, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic turbine unit operation control. The pressure monitoring module is arranged at a position close to the runner blade outlet in the hydraulic turbine large shaft, is used for collecting dynamic pressure data in the hydraulic turbine, and transmits the dynamic pressure data to the air supplement control unit in real time. The air supplement control unit is used for analyzing and processing the dynamic pressure data in real time to obtain a target air supplement amount. The air supplement execution module is used for supplementing air to the hydraulic turbine large shaft based on the control signal of the air supplement control unit. Real-time monitoring of dynamic pressure and adaptive adjustment of air supplement amount can effectively inhibit pressure pulsation in the hydraulic turbine, reduce unit vibration caused by unstable pressure, and prolong the service life of the hydraulic turbine and components. According to actual working conditions, air is accurately supplemented, the flow state in the hydraulic turbine is more reasonable, energy loss is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the hydraulic turbine is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of turbine operation control technology, and in particular to an adaptive air supply control system for turbine shaft based on dynamic pressure feedback. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of a hydropower station, when the turbine operates under partial load conditions, the water flow can create flow separation and vortices at the turbine runner blade outlet, leading to increased pressure pulsation. This, in turn, causes turbine vibration, noise, and even cavitation damage to the turbine runner, severely affecting the safe and stable operation and service life of the turbine. To solve these problems, a common method is to use an air supply valve to inject air into the turbine shaft, disrupting the vacuum state at the center of the vortex and reducing pressure pulsation. When a negative pressure vacuum occurs below the runner, the traditional air supply valve, under the action of the pressure difference, overcomes the weight of the valve disc and opens, injecting air into the runner chamber through the central air supply pipe of the shaft. After the air supply is completed, the valve disc falls back to the closed state under its own weight.

[0003] Existing hydraulic damping buffer structures, such as air supply valves, double float valves, and spring disc air supply valves, have several shortcomings in their main shaft air supply devices. Firstly, they cannot adaptively adjust to the real-time operating conditions of the turbine, resulting in poor reliability and an inability to effectively suppress pressure pulsations and reduce air volume, thus hindering turbine efficiency. Secondly, traditional air supply devices lack precise monitoring and feedback of dynamic pressure changes within the turbine, failing to promptly detect pressure pulsation trends and thus hindering precise control of the air supply volume. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, the first objective of this application is to propose an adaptive air supply control system for the turbine main shaft based on dynamic pressure feedback.

[0006] The second objective of this application is to propose an electronic device.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes an adaptive air supply control system for a turbine shaft based on dynamic pressure feedback, comprising: a pressure monitoring module, an air supply execution module, and an air supply control unit;

[0008] The pressure monitoring module is located inside the turbine shaft near the runner blade outlet. It is used to collect dynamic pressure data inside the turbine and transmit it to the air supply control unit in real time.

[0009] The air replenishment control unit is used to receive dynamic pressure data from the pressure monitoring module, analyze and process the dynamic pressure data in real time to obtain the target air replenishment amount; it is also used to send a control signal corresponding to the target air replenishment amount to the electric air replenishment execution module, so that the air replenishment execution module replenishes air to the turbine shaft according to the control signal. The air replenishment execution module is connected to the turbine shaft and is used to replenish air to the turbine shaft based on the control signal of the air replenishment control unit.

[0010] Optionally, the air replenishment control unit includes: an air replenishment pipeline, an electric regulating valve, and an air replenishment valve; One end of the air supply pipe is connected to the outside atmosphere, and the other end is connected to the inside of the turbine shaft. The electric regulating valve is installed on the gas supply pipeline and is used to receive control signals sent by the gas supply control unit to adjust the valve opening to control the amount of gas supply. The gas supply valve is used to quickly cut off or open the gas supply channel in emergency situations.

[0011] Optionally, the pressure monitoring module includes multiple dynamic pressure sensors; the dynamic pressure sensors are used to collect dynamic pressure data inside the turbine, and the dynamic pressure data includes: pressure magnitude, frequency of change, and phase.

[0012] Optionally, the gas replenishment control unit includes: a preprocessing unit, a feature extraction unit, a gas replenishment calculation module, and an early warning module; The preprocessing module is used to remove noise interference from the dynamic pressure data and also to perform normalization processing. The feature extraction unit is used to perform feature analysis on the preprocessed dynamic pressure data and extract feature parameters of pressure pulsation; the feature parameters are used to determine the severity and trend of pressure pulsation inside the turbine.

[0013] Optionally, the air replenishment calculation module is used to calculate the target air replenishment required under the current operating conditions based on the characteristic parameters of the pressure pulsation and in conjunction with a pre-established mathematical model of turbine pressure pulsation and air replenishment.

[0014] Optionally, the early warning module is used to monitor the operating status of each module in the system in real time, and in response to the detection of a fault in a certain module, immediately issue an alarm signal and take corresponding protective measures; it is also used to conduct a preliminary analysis of the cause of the fault.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the system as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0016] The adaptive air supply control system for turbine main shaft based on dynamic pressure feedback provided in this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Improve the operational stability of the water turbine: By monitoring the dynamic pressure inside the main shaft of the water turbine in real time and adaptively adjusting the air supply according to the pressure pulsation, the pressure pulsation of the water turbine under partial load conditions can be effectively suppressed, reducing the vibration and noise of the water turbine, improving the operational stability of the water turbine, reducing the risk of equipment damage, and extending the service life of the water turbine.

[0017] 2. Improved turbine efficiency: Precise air supply control avoids energy losses caused by unreasonable air supply in traditional air supply devices. While effectively suppressing pressure pulsations, it ensures a more stable and rational water flow pattern inside the turbine, thereby improving the turbine's hydraulic efficiency and increasing the power generation benefits of the hydropower station.

[0018] 3. Enhanced Fault Diagnosis and Protection Capabilities: The fault diagnosis and protection functions of the air supply control unit can promptly detect faults in the air supply device and take corresponding protective measures to prevent the turbine operation from being affected by the air supply device malfunction. At the same time, the self-diagnosis function provides convenience for maintenance personnel, enabling them to quickly locate the cause of the fault, shorten maintenance time, and improve the operational reliability of the hydropower station.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a turbine shaft adaptive air supply control system based on dynamic pressure feedback, provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0022] During the operation of a hydropower station, when the turbine operates under partial load conditions, the water flow can create flow separation and vortices at the turbine runner blade outlet, leading to increased pressure pulsation. This, in turn, causes turbine vibration, noise, and even cavitation damage to the turbine runner, severely affecting the safe and stable operation and service life of the turbine. To solve these problems, a common method is to use an air supply valve to inject air into the turbine shaft, disrupting the vacuum state at the center of the vortex and reducing pressure pulsation. When a negative pressure vacuum occurs below the runner, the traditional air supply valve, under the action of the pressure difference, overcomes the weight of the valve disc and opens, injecting air into the runner chamber through the central air supply pipe of the shaft. After the air supply is completed, the valve disc falls back to the closed state under its own weight.

[0023] Existing hydraulic damping buffer structures, such as air supply valves, double float valves, and spring disc air supply valves, have several shortcomings in their main shaft air supply devices. Firstly, they cannot adaptively adjust to the real-time operating conditions of the turbine, resulting in poor reliability and an inability to effectively suppress pressure pulsations and reduce air volume, thus hindering turbine efficiency. Secondly, traditional air supply devices lack precise monitoring and feedback of dynamic pressure changes within the turbine, failing to promptly detect pressure pulsation trends and thus hindering precise control of the air supply volume.

[0024] The applicant's invention patent CN113464388A proposes a gas replenishment control based on flow feedback, but it does not solve the problem of nonlinear coupling between pressure pulsation and gas replenishment volume. CN114776502A uses PID control to control the opening of the gas replenishment valve, but it does not cover wide-frequency pressure fluctuation scenarios and has insufficient dynamic adaptability.

[0025] To address this issue, embodiments of this application provide an adaptive air supply control system for the turbine main shaft based on dynamic pressure feedback. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a turbine shaft adaptive air supply control system based on dynamic pressure feedback, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a pressure monitoring module 10, a gas replenishment execution module 20, and a gas replenishment control unit 30; The pressure monitoring module is located inside the turbine shaft near the runner blade outlet. It is used to collect dynamic pressure data inside the turbine and transmit it to the air supply control unit in real time.

[0026] The air replenishment control unit is used to receive dynamic pressure data from the pressure monitoring module, analyze and process the dynamic pressure data in real time to obtain the target air replenishment amount; it is also used to send a control signal corresponding to the target air replenishment amount to the electric air replenishment execution module, so that the air replenishment execution module replenishes air to the turbine shaft according to the control signal. The air replenishment execution module is connected to the turbine shaft and is used to replenish air to the turbine shaft based on the control signal of the air replenishment control unit.

[0027] In this embodiment, during turbine operation, due to the complex characteristics of water flow and changes in operating conditions, pressure pulsations are easily generated inside the turbine shaft. This can lead to reduced turbine efficiency, accelerated component wear, and even unit vibration. Traditional air supply methods often employ fixed air supply strategies, which cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the real-time operating status of the turbine and are difficult to effectively cope with pressure changes under different operating conditions. This invention proposes an adaptive air supply control system for the turbine shaft based on dynamic pressure feedback. The aim is to achieve precise control of the air supply amount by monitoring the dynamic pressure data inside the turbine in real time, thereby improving the turbine's operational stability and efficiency.

[0028] Explanation of proper nouns: Dynamic pressure data: A series of data reflecting the changes in internal pressure of a water turbine over time, including pressure magnitude, frequency of change, and phase. These data can accurately reflect the dynamic characteristics of water flow and pressure pulsation inside the water turbine.

[0029] Target air supply: This is the amount of air required to maintain stable operation of the turbine, determined based on the analysis and processing of dynamic pressure data inside the turbine. This air supply is adjusted in real time to adapt to different operating conditions of the turbine.

[0030] Explanation of the principle: Pressure Data Acquisition: The pressure monitoring module is precisely positioned inside the turbine shaft near the runner blade outlet. This location allows for sensitive detection of dynamic pressure changes within the turbine during operation. The module's dynamic pressure sensor continuously collects dynamic pressure data from inside the turbine and transmits this data in real time to the air supply control unit. For example, when the turbine is operating at high speed, the pressure monitoring module can quickly detect instantaneous pressure changes and promptly transmit the data.

[0031] Data Processing and Air Supply Determination: After receiving dynamic pressure data from the pressure monitoring module, the air supply control unit analyzes and processes it in real time. Through complex algorithms and models, key information is extracted from this dynamic pressure data to determine the target air supply volume. For example, when pressure fluctuations are significant, the air supply control unit calculates the required increase in air supply volume to mitigate the impact of pressure fluctuations on the turbine. Then, the air supply control unit sends a control signal corresponding to the target air supply volume to the air supply execution module.

[0032] Air replenishment execution: The air replenishment execution module is connected to the turbine shaft. Upon receiving a control signal from the air replenishment control unit, it replenishes the turbine shaft with the corresponding amount of air as required by the signal. In this way, by monitoring and dynamically adjusting the air replenishment amount in real time, the turbine can maintain a relatively stable operating state under different operating conditions.

[0033] Analysis of beneficial effects: Improving the operational stability of water turbines: Real-time monitoring of dynamic pressure and adaptive adjustment of air supply can effectively suppress pressure pulsation inside the water turbine, reduce unit vibration caused by pressure instability, and extend the service life of the water turbine and its components.

[0034] Improving turbine efficiency: Precise air replenishment based on actual operating conditions makes the water flow pattern inside the turbine more reasonable, reduces energy loss, and thus improves the turbine's power generation efficiency.

[0035] Enhanced system adaptability: The system can automatically adapt to different operating conditions of the turbine without frequent manual intervention, thus improving the system's intelligence and reliability.

[0036] Specific Implementation: This adaptive air supply control system is installed in the turbine of a large hydropower station. During the initial startup phase of the turbine, the water flow is unstable. The pressure monitoring module collects dynamic pressure data with significant pressure fluctuations and transmits it to the air supply control unit. After analysis and calculation, the air supply control unit determines that a larger air supply is needed and sends a control signal to the air supply execution module. The air supply execution module responds quickly, supplying an appropriate amount of air to the turbine shaft, ensuring a smooth start-up and preventing damage to the unit caused by excessive pressure pulsations. As the turbine's operating conditions gradually stabilize, the air supply control unit continuously adjusts the air supply based on real-time pressure data to maintain the turbine's efficient and stable operation.

[0037] Optionally, the air replenishment control unit includes: an air replenishment pipeline, an electric regulating valve, and an air replenishment valve; One end of the air supply pipe is connected to the outside atmosphere, and the other end is connected to the inside of the turbine shaft. The electric regulating valve is installed on the gas supply pipeline and is used to receive control signals sent by the gas supply control unit to adjust the valve opening to control the amount of gas supply. The gas supply valve is used to quickly cut off or open the gas supply channel in emergency situations.

[0038] In this embodiment, the air replenishment control unit is a key component of the entire adaptive air replenishment control system, and its structure and composition directly affect the accuracy and reliability of air replenishment. Clearly defining the specific composition of the air replenishment control unit, including the air replenishment pipeline, the electric regulating valve, and the air replenishment valve, and their respective functions, helps to achieve precise control and safety assurance of the air replenishment process. Traditional air replenishment control structures may lack flexibility or necessary safety measures, failing to meet the air replenishment requirements under the complex operating conditions of the turbine.

[0039] Explanation of proper nouns: Air supply pipe: The channel connecting the outside atmosphere with the inside of the turbine shaft is the only way for air to enter the turbine shaft. Its design and layout need to take into account the smoothness of air circulation and the impact on the internal structure of the turbine.

[0040] Electric regulating valve: A device that controls the valve opening degree through an electrical signal. In an air supply system, it is used to precisely adjust the amount of air supplied. Its adjustment accuracy and response speed are crucial to the performance of the entire air supply system.

[0041] Air supply valve: It is mainly used in emergency situations, such as when the system experiences abnormal pressure fluctuations or other malfunctions, to quickly cut off or open the air supply channel in order to ensure the safe operation of the turbine.

[0042] Explanation of the principle: Air supply channel establishment: One end of the air supply pipe is connected to the outside atmosphere to provide an air source for the turbine main shaft, and the other end is connected to the inside of the turbine main shaft to form an air circulation path. During normal operation, air enters the turbine main shaft through the air supply pipe to adjust the internal pressure.

[0043] Precise Air Supply Adjustment: The electric regulating valve, installed on the air supply pipeline, receives control signals from the air supply control unit. These signals, calculated based on dynamic pressure data within the turbine, represent the current required air supply volume. The electric regulating valve precisely adjusts its opening according to the magnitude of the control signal. For example, when the air supply control unit calculates that an increase in air supply is needed, it sends a corresponding signal to the electric regulating valve, which increases its opening, allowing more air to enter the turbine shaft through the air supply pipeline; conversely, when a decrease in air supply is needed, the valve opening decreases.

[0044] Emergency Handling: The air supply valve plays a crucial role in the system's safety. When the system detects an emergency, such as a sudden and significant pressure fluctuation that could severely damage the turbine, the air supply valve can quickly cut off the air supply channel, preventing further damage to the turbine from abnormal pressure. After the fault is cleared, the air supply valve can quickly reopen, restoring normal air supply function.

[0045] Analysis of beneficial effects: Precise air supply control: The electric regulating valve can precisely adjust the air supply volume according to the control signal, making the air supply process more accurate and meeting the strict requirements of the turbine for air supply volume under different operating conditions, thereby further improving the stability and efficiency of turbine operation.

[0046] Safe and reliable operation: The rapid response capability of the air supply valve in emergencies provides reliable safety protection for the turbine. It can promptly respond to sudden pressure anomalies, preventing damage to the turbine due to improper air supply or excessive pressure fluctuations, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the turbine.

[0047] Reasonable structural design: The reasonable layout and connection method of the air supply pipeline ensures that air can smoothly enter the turbine shaft, and works in conjunction with the electric regulating valve and the air supply valve to form a complete and efficient air supply control structure.

[0048] Specific Implementation: In the turbine air supply system of a medium-sized hydropower station, the air supply pipeline is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant material, and its diameter is optimized according to the turbine's power and the required air supply volume. The electric regulating valve is a high-precision, fast-response model, capable of precisely adjusting the valve opening within a short time after receiving a control signal. During one turbine operation, a sudden change in the upstream water level caused abnormal pressure fluctuations inside the turbine. The air supply valve quickly cut off the air supply channel to prevent damage to the turbine from abnormal pressure. When the pressure monitoring module detected that the pressure had returned to normal, the air supply valve reopened, and the electric regulating valve precisely adjusted the air supply volume according to the signal from the air supply control unit, restoring stable turbine operation.

[0049] Optionally, the pressure monitoring module includes multiple dynamic pressure sensors; the dynamic pressure sensors are used to collect dynamic pressure data inside the turbine, and the dynamic pressure data includes: pressure magnitude, frequency of change, and phase.

[0050] In this embodiment, the pressure monitoring module serves as the source for acquiring dynamic pressure data inside the turbine. The configuration of its sensors and the types of data collected are crucial for accurately reflecting the internal pressure conditions of the turbine. Multiple dynamic pressure sensors can collect data from different angles and locations. Collecting dynamic pressure data such as pressure magnitude, frequency of change, and phase can comprehensively and accurately describe the characteristics of pressure pulsations inside the turbine, providing a rich and reliable data foundation for the subsequent accurate calculation of air supply. Traditional pressure monitoring methods may not collect comprehensive data and cannot accurately reflect the complex pressure changes inside the turbine.

[0051] Explanation of proper nouns: Dynamic pressure sensor: A device that can sense dynamic changes in pressure in real time and convert them into electrical signals for output. Its accuracy and response speed determine the quality and timeliness of the collected data.

[0052] Pressure magnitude: This refers to the pressure value inside the turbine at a certain moment. It is a basic parameter reflecting the internal pressure state of the turbine, and its changes directly affect the turbine's operating performance.

[0053] Frequency of change: refers to how frequently the internal pressure of a water turbine changes over time, reflecting the periodic characteristics of pressure pulsation. Different frequencies of change may indicate different water flow states and potential problems inside the water turbine.

[0054] Phase: During pressure pulsation, phase is used to describe the relative positional relationship of pressure changes. It is of great significance for analyzing the complex characteristics of pressure pulsation and the interrelationship between multiple pressure changes.

[0055] Explanation of the principle: The pressure monitoring module is equipped with multiple dynamic pressure sensors, distributed at different locations inside the turbine shaft near the runner blade outlet. They operate simultaneously, each collecting pressure information at its designated location. Pressure magnitude is relatively straightforward; the sensors sense the pressure acting on their sensitive elements, converting the pressure into a corresponding electrical signal, which is then processed to obtain the specific pressure value. Frequency acquisition is achieved by monitoring and analyzing the pressure signal's changes over time. The sensors continuously record pressure data, and signal processing algorithms calculate the number of pressure changes per unit time, thus determining the frequency. Phase acquisition is more complex, requiring comparative analysis of pressure signals from multiple sensors to determine the time difference and relative relationship between pressure changes at different locations, thereby identifying phase information. For example, during turbine operation, the pressure signals collected by dynamic pressure sensors at different locations exhibit a certain temporal sequence. By analyzing the time difference and waveform characteristics of these signals, the phase information of pressure pulsations can be accurately obtained. This collected dynamic pressure data is transmitted in real-time to the air supply control unit, providing detailed data support for its subsequent analysis and processing.

[0056] Analysis of beneficial effects: Comprehensive reflection of pressure conditions: Multiple dynamic pressure sensors collect data from different locations, and combined with information such as pressure magnitude, frequency of change and phase, can comprehensively and accurately describe the complex characteristics of pressure pulsation inside the turbine, providing richer and more detailed data for the air supply control unit, and helping to analyze the pressure conditions inside the turbine more accurately.

[0057] Improved air supply control precision: Accurate dynamic pressure data enables the air supply control unit to calculate the target air supply volume more precisely, thereby achieving precise control of the air supply process and further improving the stability and efficiency of turbine operation.

[0058] Fault diagnosis support: Abundant dynamic pressure data is not only used for air supply control, but also provides strong support for turbine fault diagnosis. By analyzing data such as pressure magnitude, frequency of change, and phase, potential abnormalities inside the turbine, such as blade damage or abnormal water flow, can be detected in a timely manner, allowing for proactive maintenance measures.

[0059] Specific Implementation: In a pressure monitoring module of a certain hydroelectric turbine, three dynamic pressure sensors were installed, located at the upper, middle, and lower positions of the runner blade outlet, respectively. During turbine operation, the upper sensor collected a pressure of 3 MPa with a frequency of 10 Hz. By comparing and analyzing data from the other two sensors, it was determined that the phase difference between the upper sensor and the middle sensor was 30 degrees. This data was transmitted in real time to the air supply control unit. Based on this detailed data, the air supply control unit more accurately determined the pressure pulsation inside the turbine and calculated the appropriate target air supply volume to ensure stable turbine operation. Simultaneously, through long-term monitoring and analysis of this data, technicians discovered abnormal fluctuations in the pressure change frequency. Further inspection revealed slight wear on the runner blades, which was promptly repaired, preventing more serious malfunctions.

[0060] Optionally, the gas replenishment control unit includes: a preprocessing unit, a feature extraction unit, a gas replenishment calculation module, and an early warning module; The preprocessing module is used to remove noise interference from the dynamic pressure data and also to perform normalization processing. The feature extraction unit is used to perform feature analysis on the preprocessed dynamic pressure data and extract feature parameters of pressure pulsation; the feature parameters are used to determine the severity and trend of pressure pulsation inside the turbine.

[0061] In this embodiment, the dynamic pressure data received by the air replenishment control unit may contain various noise interferences, and data collected by different sensors may have inconsistent dimensions. Furthermore, to accurately analyze the pressure pulsations inside the turbine, it is necessary to extract key feature parameters from a large amount of dynamic pressure data. Therefore, setting up a preprocessing unit and a feature extraction unit in the air replenishment control unit to perform noise removal, normalization, and feature analysis on the dynamic pressure data is of great significance for improving data quality, accurately grasping the characteristics of pressure pulsations, and subsequently accurately calculating the air replenishment volume. Traditional air replenishment control units may lack effective data preprocessing and feature extraction methods, leading to inaccurate air replenishment volume calculations.

[0062] Explanation of proper nouns: Preprocessing unit: mainly responsible for the preliminary processing of the collected dynamic pressure data, removing noise interference and normalizing the data to make it more suitable for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0063] Noise removal: Signal processing techniques such as filtering and smoothing are used to remove noise from dynamic pressure data caused by factors such as sensor error and electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the authenticity and reliability of the data.

[0064] Normalization: Convert dynamic pressure data of different ranges and dimensions into a unified standard range to eliminate the differences in dimensions between data, making it easier to compare and analyze.

[0065] Feature extraction unit: Using specific algorithms and models, it analyzes the preprocessed dynamic pressure data and extracts feature parameters that reflect the severity and trend of pressure pulsation.

[0066] Characteristic parameters, such as pressure pulsation amplitude, frequency, and phase difference, can quantitatively describe the characteristics of pressure pulsation and are important bases for judging the internal pressure status of the turbine and calculating the amount of supplementary air.

[0067] Explanation of the principle: Preprocessing: The preprocessing unit first removes noise interference from the dynamic pressure data from the pressure monitoring module. It employs digital filter technology, designing appropriate filters based on the frequency characteristics of the noise to filter out high-frequency or low-frequency noise. For example, high-frequency noise caused by electromagnetic interference is filtered out using a low-pass filter, retaining the effective portion of the pressure signal. Then, normalization is performed. Assuming the dynamic pressure data has a pressure range of 0-10 MPa and a frequency range of 0-50 Hz, the preprocessing unit uses methods such as linear transformation to convert both the pressure magnitude and frequency data to the standard range of 0-1. This unifies the dimensions of different types of dynamic pressure data, facilitating subsequent analysis and processing.

[0068] Feature Extraction: The feature extraction unit performs feature analysis on the preprocessed dynamic pressure data. It uses mathematical methods such as Fourier transform to convert the time-domain pressure data to the frequency domain, thereby extracting the frequency characteristics of pressure pulsations. For example, it calculates the dominant frequency and harmonic frequencies of the pressure pulsations, as well as their corresponding amplitudes. Simultaneously, through analysis of data from multiple sensors, it determines characteristic parameters such as the phase difference of the pressure pulsations. These characteristic parameters accurately reflect the severity and trend of pressure pulsations within the turbine. For example, a large pressure pulsation amplitude may indicate severe pressure fluctuations and unstable pressure within the turbine, requiring a larger air injection volume to alleviate the problem; while changes in phase difference may suggest problems such as asymmetry in the water flow within the turbine, which will also affect the calculation of the air injection volume.

[0069] Analysis of beneficial effects: Improving data quality: Noise removal and normalization effectively improve the quality of dynamic pressure data, enabling the data to more accurately reflect the real pressure conditions inside the turbine, and providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent feature extraction and gas injection calculation.

[0070] Accurately grasp the characteristics of pressure pulsation: The feature parameters extracted by the feature extraction unit can deeply and accurately grasp the severity and trend of pressure pulsation inside the turbine, providing a key basis for the accurate calculation of air supply, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness of air supply control.

[0071] Enhanced system stability: High-quality data and accurate feature analysis help the air supply control unit operate more stably and reliably, reduce air supply anomalies caused by data errors or inaccurate feature judgments, and ensure the stable operation of the turbine.

[0072] Specific Implementation: In the air supply control unit of a hydropower station, the preprocessing unit processes the collected dynamic pressure data. First, a Butterworth low-pass filter is used to remove high-frequency noise, making the pressure data curve smoother. Then, the pressure magnitude and frequency of change data are normalized. The feature extraction unit performs a Fourier transform on the preprocessed data, extracting the dominant frequency of the pressure pulsation as 15Hz, the amplitude as 0.8 (after normalization), and the phase difference between sensors at different positions as 45 degrees. Based on these characteristic parameters and the operating conditions of the turbine, the air supply control unit calculates the target air supply more accurately, ensuring stable turbine operation under these conditions.

[0073] Optionally, the air replenishment calculation module is used to calculate the target air replenishment required under the current operating conditions based on the characteristic parameters of the pressure pulsation and in conjunction with a pre-established mathematical model of turbine pressure pulsation and air replenishment.

[0074] In this embodiment, accurately calculating the target air supply volume required under the current operating conditions is the core step in realizing adaptive air supply control of the turbine shaft. The air supply volume calculation module, based on the pressure pulsation characteristic parameters obtained by the feature extraction unit and combined with a pre-established mathematical model of turbine pressure pulsation and air supply volume, can accurately calculate the air supply volume required for stable turbine operation. Traditional air supply volume calculation methods may lack scientific model support, leading to inaccurate air supply volumes and affecting turbine operating performance.

[0075] Explanation of proper nouns: Air replenishment calculation module: This is a key component of the air replenishment control unit, responsible for calculating the target air replenishment volume based on pressure pulsation characteristic parameters and mathematical models.

[0076] Mathematical model of turbine pressure pulsation and air supply: Through the analysis and research of a large amount of turbine operating data, a mathematical expression or algorithm model is established to describe the quantitative relationship between the characteristic parameters of pressure pulsation and the required air supply.

[0077] Explanation of the principle: The air supply calculation module acquires the pressure pulsation feature parameters extracted by the feature extraction unit, such as pressure pulsation amplitude, frequency, and phase difference. Simultaneously, it calls a pre-established mathematical model of turbine pressure pulsation and air supply. This mathematical model may be based on theoretical analysis, experimental data fitting, or training with machine learning algorithms. For example, through extensive experiments on a certain type of turbine under different operating conditions, pressure pulsation feature parameters and corresponding optimal air supply data are recorded, and a mathematical model is established using regression analysis and other methods. The air supply calculation module substitutes the current pressure pulsation feature parameters into the mathematical model for calculation. Assume the mathematical model is: Air supply = k1 Pressure pulsation amplitude + k2 Frequency + k3 The phase difference + b (where k1, k2, and k3 are coefficients, and b is a constant) is used by the air replenishment calculation module to calculate the target air replenishment volume required under the current operating conditions based on the measured pressure pulsation amplitude, frequency, and phase difference, combined with the coefficients and constants in the model. This target air replenishment volume will serve as the basis for the control signal, which will be sent by the air replenishment control unit to the air replenishment execution module to achieve precise control of the air replenishment volume.

[0078] Analysis of beneficial effects: Precise air replenishment calculation: Based on a scientific mathematical model and accurate pressure pulsation characteristic parameters, it can accurately calculate the target air replenishment volume required under the current operating conditions, making the air replenishment process more precise and effectively improving the operating stability and efficiency of the turbine.

[0079] Optimizing turbine performance: Accurate air supply can better adjust the internal pressure state of the turbine, improve the water flow pattern, reduce the damage of pressure pulsation to turbine components, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the turbine and extending its service life.

[0080] Specific Implementation: In the air supply control system of a large-scale hydroelectric turbine, through extensive experiments and data collection under different operating conditions, a mathematical model based on multiple linear regression was established for the turbine pressure pulsation and air supply volume: Air supply volume = 2 Pressure pulsation amplitude + 0.5 Frequency + 0.1 Phase difference + 5. The feature extraction unit extracts the current pressure pulsation amplitude as 0.6 (normalized), frequency as 12Hz, and phase difference as 30 degrees. The air replenishment calculation module substitutes these parameters into the above mathematical model to calculate the target air replenishment volume as: 2 0.6 + 0.5 12 + 0.1 30 + 5 = 13.2 (unit: cubic meters / minute, assumed). Based on this calculation, the air replenishment control unit sends a control signal to the air replenishment execution module, causing the module to replenish the appropriate amount of air to the turbine shaft as required, ensuring stable turbine operation.

[0081] Optionally, the early warning module is used to monitor the operating status of each module in the system in real time, and in response to the detection of a fault in a certain module, immediately issue an alarm signal and take corresponding protective measures; it is also used to conduct a preliminary analysis of the cause of the fault.

[0082] In this embodiment, the stable operation of the turbine air supply control system is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of the turbine. The early warning module, as an important component of the system, is responsible for real-time monitoring of the operating status of each module, timely detection of potential faults, and taking corresponding measures, which is of great significance for ensuring the reliability and safety of the system. Traditional air supply control systems may lack effective fault monitoring and early warning mechanisms, resulting in the inability to handle faults in a timely manner, thereby affecting the normal operation of the turbine.

[0083] Explanation of proper nouns: Early warning module: This module is specifically designed for real-time monitoring of the operating status of each module in the gas replenishment control system, and has functions for fault detection, alarm, and preliminary fault cause analysis.

[0084] Alarm signal: When the early warning module detects a fault in a certain module of the system, it issues a signal to alert the operator that there is a problem with the system. This signal can take various forms such as sound, light, or SMS notification.

[0085] Protective measures: To prevent the fault from escalating and causing more serious damage to the system, a series of emergency operations are taken after the fault is detected, such as disconnecting some circuits and stopping the operation of certain modules.

[0086] Explanation of the principle: Operational Status Monitoring: The early warning module continuously monitors the operational status of various modules in the system, including the pressure monitoring module, the gas replenishment control unit (including the preprocessing unit, feature extraction unit, gas replenishment calculation module, etc.), and the gas replenishment execution module. It determines whether a module is functioning correctly by monitoring its output signals, operating parameters, and operational status indicators. For example, for the pressure monitoring module, the early warning module monitors whether its output dynamic pressure data is within a reasonable range and whether the sensor is outputting signals; for the gas replenishment execution module, it monitors whether the electric regulating valve can receive control signals and adjust its opening normally, and whether the gas replenishment valve can open and close normally.

[0087] Fault Detection and Alarm: Once the early warning module detects an abnormality in any module, such as a sudden drop in the output data of the pressure monitoring module to zero (which may indicate a sensor malfunction), or an abnormal value in the calculated air supply volume (which may be due to an algorithm error or data anomaly), it will immediately issue an alarm signal. The alarm signal can be emitted through the system's built-in audible and visual alarm, and can also be sent to relevant operators via SMS platform, informing them of the location and approximate type of the fault.

[0088] Protection Measures and Fault Analysis: Simultaneously with issuing the alarm signal, the early warning module will take corresponding protective measures. For example, if a malfunction is detected in the electric regulating valve of the air supply module, its power supply may be immediately cut off to prevent abnormal air supply from damaging the turbine. Furthermore, the early warning module will conduct a preliminary analysis of the fault's cause. It will combine the operating parameters of each module at the time of the fault, historical data, and the system's operating logic to attempt to identify possible causes. For instance, by analyzing the trend of data collected in the period preceding the pressure monitoring module's fault, it can determine whether external factors such as sudden changes in water flow caused sensor damage. Alternatively, based on the calculation process and input data of the air supply control unit, it can analyze whether abnormal air supply calculations are caused by feature extraction errors or abnormal mathematical model parameters. These preliminary analysis results can provide important references for maintenance personnel to quickly locate and troubleshoot faults.

[0089] Analysis of beneficial effects: Ensuring system reliability: Real-time monitoring of the operating status of each module, timely detection and handling of faults, effectively preventing the failure of the entire air supply control system due to the failure of a single module, ensuring the reliable operation of the system, and thus ensuring the stable operation of the turbine.

[0090] Reduce failure losses: By quickly issuing alarm signals and taking protective measures, the impact of failures can be minimized, reducing damage to turbines and related equipment, lowering maintenance costs and downtime, and reducing economic losses.

[0091] Facilitates troubleshooting: It provides valuable clues for maintenance personnel by conducting preliminary analysis of the cause of the fault, enabling them to locate and resolve the fault more quickly and accurately, improving maintenance efficiency and shortening the system recovery time.

[0092] Specific Implementation: In the turbine air supply control system of a hydropower station, an early warning module monitors the operating status of each module in real time. One day, the early warning module detected a discrepancy between the opening feedback signal and the control signal of the electric regulating valve in the air supply execution module, indicating a malfunction in the electric regulating valve. The early warning module immediately triggered an audible and visual alarm and sent a text message notification to the hydropower station's maintenance personnel. Simultaneously, it cut off the power supply to the electric regulating valve to prevent abnormal air supply from affecting the turbine. Next, by analyzing the changes in the control signal before the electric regulating valve malfunction, historical opening data, and relevant pressure monitoring data, the early warning module preliminarily determined that the motor of the electric regulating valve might be faulty. Upon receiving the notification, maintenance personnel, based on the preliminary analysis results provided by the early warning module, quickly inspected and repaired the motor of the electric regulating valve, rapidly restoring the normal operation of the air supply control system and ensuring the stable operation of the turbine.

[0093] In one possible embodiment, the above system can achieve the following effects: 1. Cavitation suppression: The amplitude of pressure pulsation in the turbine chamber is reduced by more than 60%, and the area of ​​cavitation erosion zone is reduced by 50% to 80%.

[0094] 2. Improved energy efficiency: The gas supply dynamically matches the demand, saving 15% to 30% more energy compared to a fixed gas supply mode.

[0095] 3. Extended lifespan: The wear rate of the air replenishment valve is reduced to 1 / 5 of that of traditional mechanical valves, and the maintenance cycle is extended to more than 3 years.

[0096] 4. Wideband adaptability: Effectively suppresses pressure pulsations in the range of 0.1~50Hz, covering common operating conditions of water turbines.

[0097] To implement the above embodiments, this application also proposes an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; the memory stores computer execution instructions; the processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the system provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0098] To implement the above embodiments, this application also proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the system provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0099] To implement the above embodiments, this application also proposes a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the system provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0100] The collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of user personal information involved in this application all comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0101] It should be noted that personal information collected from users should be used for legitimate and reasonable purposes and should not be shared or sold outside of these legitimate uses. Furthermore, such collection / sharing should only be conducted after receiving the user's informed consent, including but not limited to notifying the user to read the user agreement / user notice and sign an agreement / authorization that includes authorization of relevant user information before the user uses the function. In addition, any necessary steps must be taken to protect and safeguard access to such personal information data and ensure that others with access to personal information data comply with their privacy policies and procedures.

[0102] This application is intended to provide an implementation scheme for users to selectively prevent the use or access to their personal information data. Specifically, this disclosure is intended to provide hardware and / or software to prevent or block access to such personal information data. Once personal information data is no longer needed, risks can be minimized by restricting data collection and deleting data. Furthermore, where applicable, such personal information is de-identified to protect user privacy.

[0103] In the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0104] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0105] Any process or system description in the flowchart or otherwise described herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0106] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0107] It should be understood that various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or systems can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the system implementing the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the system embodiments.

[0109] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0110] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A turbine shaft adaptive air supply control system based on dynamic pressure feedback, characterized in that, include: Pressure monitoring module, air replenishment execution module, air replenishment control unit; The pressure monitoring module is located inside the turbine shaft near the runner blade outlet and is used to collect dynamic pressure data inside the turbine and transmit it to the air supply control unit in real time. The air replenishment control unit is used to receive dynamic pressure data from the pressure monitoring module, analyze and process the dynamic pressure data in real time to obtain the target air replenishment amount; it is also used to send a control signal corresponding to the target air replenishment amount to the electric air replenishment execution module, so that the air replenishment execution module replenishes air to the turbine shaft according to the control signal. The air replenishment execution module is connected to the turbine shaft and is used to replenish air to the turbine shaft based on the control signal of the air replenishment control unit.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air replenishment control unit includes: an air replenishment pipeline, an electric regulating valve, and an air replenishment valve; One end of the air supply pipe is connected to the outside atmosphere, and the other end is connected to the inside of the turbine shaft. The electric regulating valve is installed on the gas supply pipeline and is used to receive control signals sent by the gas supply control unit to adjust the valve opening to control the amount of gas supply. The gas supply valve is used to quickly cut off or open the gas supply channel in emergency situations.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure monitoring module includes multiple dynamic pressure sensors; the dynamic pressure sensors are used to collect dynamic pressure data inside the turbine, and the dynamic pressure data includes: pressure magnitude, frequency of change, and phase.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gas replenishment control unit includes: a preprocessing unit, a feature extraction unit, a gas replenishment calculation module, and an early warning module; The preprocessing module is used to remove noise interference from the dynamic pressure data and also to perform normalization processing. The feature extraction unit is used to perform feature analysis on the preprocessed dynamic pressure data and extract feature parameters of pressure pulsation; the feature parameters are used to determine the severity and trend of pressure pulsation inside the turbine.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air replenishment calculation module is used to calculate the target air replenishment required under the current operating conditions based on the characteristic parameters of the pressure pulsation and in conjunction with a pre-established mathematical model of turbine pressure pulsation and air replenishment.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The early warning module is used to monitor the operating status of each module in the system in real time. In response to the detection of a fault in a certain module, it immediately issues an alarm signal and takes corresponding protective measures. It is also used to conduct a preliminary analysis of the cause of the fault.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the system as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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