Composite material large-curvature skin shape detection device and detection method

Abstract

The application discloses a composite material large-curvature skin shape detection device and a detection method, and belongs to the technical field of large-curvature skin shape detection. The composite material large-curvature skin shape detection device comprises a base, a supporting assembly is connected to the middle part of the top end of the base, first rectangular sliding grooves are formed in the two ends of the supporting assembly, and fixing assemblies are installed in the inner cavities of the first rectangular sliding grooves. Through the combination transmission mode of the rotating wheel, the rotating belt and the bevel gear, synchronous linkage operation of automatic centering clamping of the two ends of the skin and automatic pressing detection of the detection mechanism is realized, the overall structure of the equipment is greatly simplified, the arrangement of power components is reduced, the equipment failure rate and manufacturing cost are reduced, the timing of the clamping action and the detection action is highly unified, the problems of clamping out of position, detection deviation and mechanism interference are avoided, and the stability and automation degree of the detection process are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of large curvature skin shape inspection technology, and more specifically, to a device and method for inspecting the shape of large curvature composite material skin. Background Technology

[0002] Composite materials, with their superior properties such as high specific strength, high modulus, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance, have been widely used in high-end equipment fields such as aviation, aerospace, and rail transportation. Among them, high-curvature skins, as key aerodynamic components such as fuselages, wings, and tail fins, directly determine the aerodynamic performance, assembly fit accuracy, and overall service reliability of the equipment due to their molding shape accuracy. During the autoclave curing, demolding, and cooling processes, composite high-curvature skins are easily affected by factors such as resin shrinkage, uneven layup stress, temperature gradients, and pressure fluctuations, which can easily lead to shape defects such as springback deformation, local depressions, bulges, and edge warping. Therefore, high-precision inspection of the overall curved surface shape of the skin must be carried out before leaving the factory to screen out out-of-tolerance parts and ensure the subsequent assembly accuracy.

[0003] Most existing testing equipment adopts a separate control structure for clamping and testing, requiring multiple sets of drive mechanisms to complete the fixing and testing actions separately. The synchronization of the actions of each mechanism is poor, which easily leads to problems such as incomplete skin fixing, detection pressure deviation, and mechanism motion interference. Conventional testing structures lack adaptive buffer mechanisms and cannot simulate the actual assembly pressure conditions of the skin. They can only detect the external dimensions of the skin in its free state and cannot reproduce the true deformation state after installation under stress. This results in a large deviation between the test results and the actual assembly conditions. Even qualified products are prone to problems such as excessive fitting gaps and non-compliant aerodynamic shapes after installation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for detecting the shape of composite material skin with large curvature, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] A composite material large curvature skin shape detection device includes a base, a support component connected to the middle of the top of the base, a first rectangular slide groove opened at both ends of the support component, a fixing component installed in the inner cavity of the first rectangular slide groove, and a detection component installed at the end of the fixing component away from the support component.

[0006] The support assembly includes a support block, and a first rectangular connecting rod is connected to both ends of the support block. A U-shaped moving block is connected to both ends of the first rectangular connecting rod. A circular hole is opened at the middle of the top of each U-shaped moving block, and the top of the support block is arc-shaped.

[0007] The fixing component includes a first drive motor, the output end of the first drive motor is connected to a first circular rotating rod, the outer surfaces of the two ends of the first circular rotating rod are connected to first rotating wheels, the outer surface of each first rotating wheel is engaged with a first rotating belt, the inner cavity of the end of each first rotating belt away from the first rotating wheel is engaged with a second rotating wheel, the end of the second rotating wheel away from the support component is connected to a first bevel gear, and the outer surfaces of the first rotating wheel and the second rotating wheel are both connected to a first rectangular connecting block, and the inner surface of the first rotating belt is provided with a rectangular connecting groove, which fits with the first rectangular connecting block;

[0008] The detection assembly includes a lifting rod, a detection mechanism is connected to the middle outer surface of the lifting rod, and second threaded rods are sleeved at both ends of the lifting rod. A rectangular frame is installed on the outer surface of each second threaded rod, a second rectangular groove is opened on the lower end surface of each rectangular frame, and a second bevel gear is connected to the lower end surface of each second threaded rod. The lower end of the second threaded rod passes through the rectangular frame and is connected to the second bevel gear.

[0009] Preferably, a first circular guide rod is connected to the lower end surface of the support block, a first reset spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the first circular guide rod, and a first sliding groove is provided at the intersection of the support block and the base, and an infrared sensor is installed in the inner cavity of the support block.

[0010] Preferably, each of the second rotating wheels is connected to a first threaded rod at the end away from the first bevel gear, and a first fixing block is sleeved on the outer side of each first threaded rod. Each first fixing block has an arc-shaped fixing groove on the surface of one end facing the support block, and the arc-shaped fixing groove matches the two ends of the curved skin.

[0011] Preferably, the detection mechanism includes a first connecting block, and a second connecting block is slidably connected in the lower end cavity of the first connecting block.

[0012] Preferably, the end of the second connecting block away from the first connecting block is connected to an arc-shaped detection block, and the surface of the arc-shaped detection block facing the support block is connected to a plurality of detection columns.

[0013] Preferably, the lower end of the first connecting block is connected to a second circular guide rod, and a second return spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the second circular guide rod.

[0014] Preferably, the first bevel gear meshes with the second bevel gear, the diameter of the circular hole is larger than that of the second threaded rod, and the U-shaped moving block passes through the second rectangular slide groove and is connected to the first rectangular connecting rod.

[0015] Preferably, the detection method of the composite material large curvature skin shape detection device includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. First, place the composite material skin with large curvature that needs to be tested on the upper surface of the support block. Then, start the first drive motor and drive the first circular rotating rod to rotate, thereby driving the first rotating wheel to rotate, which in turn drives the first rotating belt to rotate. As the first rotating belt rotates, it will drive the second rotating wheel to rotate, thereby driving the first threaded rod and the first bevel gear to rotate. The rotation of the first threaded rod will drive the fixed block to move along the first rectangular slide groove toward the composite material skin with large curvature.

[0017] S2. The rotation of the first bevel gear will drive the rotation of the second bevel gear, which in turn will drive the second threaded rod to rotate, and then drive the lifting rod to move downward along the rectangular frame. As the lifting rod moves downward, it will drive the detection mechanism to move downward. When the lower end surface of the lifting rod contacts the upper end surface of the U-shaped moving block, the bottom ends of several detection columns on the surface will contact the top surface of the composite material large curvature skin. At the same time, the arc-shaped fixing groove will just contact the two ends of the composite material large curvature skin.

[0018] S3. As the detection mechanism continues to descend, the U-shaped moving block will move downward along the second rectangular slide, thereby driving the first rectangular connecting rod to move downward along the first slide, and then driving the support block to move downward along the first circular guide rod until the lower end surface of the U-shaped moving block contacts the bottom end surface of the second rectangular slide.

[0019] S4. When the lower end surface of the U-shaped moving block contacts the bottom end surface of the second rectangular slide, the U-shaped moving block will cause the first connecting block to move downward along the second circular guide rod during the movement. During this process, the reaction force generated by the second reset spring will perform a compressive strength test on the composite material skin with large curvature.

[0020] S5. If the infrared sensor detects unevenness on the surface of the composite material skin during the compression test of the column, it indicates that the composite material skin is unqualified. Conversely, it indicates that the composite material skin is qualified. After the composite material skin test is completed, return all components to their original positions, and all operations are completed.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0022] 1. In this invention, by adopting a single-motor integrated linkage transmission structure, and through a combination of rotating wheels, rotating belts, and bevel gears, the automatic centering and clamping of both ends of the skin and the automatic pressing and detection of the detection mechanism are carried out in a synchronous linkage operation. This greatly simplifies the overall structure of the equipment, reduces the layout of power components, lowers the equipment failure rate and manufacturing cost, and ensures a high degree of consistency between the clamping and detection actions, avoiding problems such as incomplete clamping, detection offset, and mechanism interference, thus significantly improving the stability and automation of the detection process.

[0023] 2. In this invention, by setting up an arc-shaped support block and an arc-shaped fixing groove clamping structure, it can fully adapt to the curved surface contour of the composite material skin with large curvature. Then, by using the symmetrical conformal arc surfaces on both sides for positioning, it effectively avoids the problems of uneven force, local crushing, skin delamination and surface damage in traditional clamping methods. While ensuring the reliability of clamping, it maximizes the protection of the integrity of the composite material skin structure.

[0024] 3. In this invention, by using an arc-shaped detection block in conjunction with a multi-point detection column for full-area bonding detection, it is possible to perform full-coverage bonding detection on large-curvature skin surfaces, curvature transition areas, and edge areas. This can accurately identify defects such as small depressions, bulges, surface warping, and overall contour deviations on the skin surface. Then, in conjunction with the built-in infrared sensor to collect shape data in real time, it can achieve automated defect judgment, avoid subjective errors caused by manual inspection, and significantly improve detection accuracy and comprehensiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed component structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support component structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the detection component structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the detection mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of the numbers in the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Support assembly; 201. Support block; 202. First circular guide rod; 203. First return spring; 204. First rectangular connecting rod; 205. U-shaped moving block; 206. Circular hole; 3. First rectangular slide groove; 4. Fixing assembly; 401. First drive motor; 402. First circular rotating rod; 403. First rotating wheel; 404. First rotating belt; 405. Second rotating wheel; 406. First threaded rod ; 407, First fixing block; 408, Arc-shaped fixing groove; 409, First bevel gear; 5, Detection assembly; 501, Lifting rod; 502, Detection mechanism; 503, Second threaded rod; 504, Rectangular frame; 505, Second rectangular slide groove; 506, Second bevel gear; 507, First connecting block; 508, Second connecting block; 509, Second circular guide rod; 510, Second reset spring; 511, Arc-shaped detection block; 512, Detection column. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Example: Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A composite material large curvature skin shape detection device includes a base 1, a support component 2 connected to the middle of the top of the base 1, a first rectangular slide groove 3 opened at both ends of the support component 2, a fixing component 4 installed in the inner cavity of the first rectangular slide groove 3, and a detection component 5 installed at the end of the fixing component 4 away from the support component 2.

[0033] Please see Figure 4 The support component 2 includes a support block 201. The two ends of the support block 201 are connected to a first rectangular connecting rod 204. Both ends of the first rectangular connecting rod 204 are connected to a U-shaped moving block 205. A circular hole 206 is opened in the middle of the top of each U-shaped moving block 205, and the top of the support block 201 is arc-shaped.

[0034] Please see Figure 3 The fixing component 4 includes a first drive motor 401, the output end of the first drive motor 401 is connected to a first circular rotating rod 402, the outer surfaces of the two ends of the first circular rotating rod 402 are connected to first rotating wheels 403, the outer surface of each first rotating wheel 403 is engaged with a first rotating belt 404, the inner cavity of the end of each first rotating belt 404 away from the first rotating wheel 403 is engaged with a second rotating wheel 405, the end of the second rotating wheel 405 away from the support component 2 is connected to a first bevel gear 409, and the outer surfaces of the first rotating wheel 403 and the second rotating wheel 405 are both connected to a first rectangular connecting block, and the inner surface of the first rotating belt 404 is provided with a rectangular connecting groove, which fits with the first rectangular connecting block;

[0035] Please see Figure 5The detection component 5 includes a lifting rod 501, a detection mechanism 502 connected to the middle outer surface of the lifting rod 501, and second threaded rods 503 sleeved at both ends of the lifting rod 501. A rectangular frame 504 is installed on the outer surface of each second threaded rod 503. A second rectangular groove 505 is opened on the lower surface of each rectangular frame 504, and a second bevel gear 506 is connected to the lower surface of each second threaded rod 503. The lower end of the second threaded rod 503 passes through the rectangular frame 504 and is connected to the second bevel gear 506.

[0036] Specifically, by adopting a single-motor integrated linkage transmission structure, and through a combination of rotating wheels, rotating belts, and bevel gears, the automatic centering and clamping of both ends of the skin and the automatic pressing and detection by the 502 detection mechanism are carried out in a synchronized manner. This greatly simplifies the overall structure of the equipment, reduces the layout of power components, lowers the equipment failure rate and manufacturing costs, and ensures a high degree of consistency between the clamping and detection actions, avoiding problems such as incomplete clamping, detection deviation, and mechanism interference, thus significantly improving the stability and automation of the detection process.

[0037] Please see Figure 4 The lower end surface of the support block 201 is connected to a first circular guide rod 202, and a first reset spring 203 is sleeved on the outer surface of the first circular guide rod 202. A first sliding groove is provided at the intersection of the support block 201 and the base 1. An infrared sensor is installed in the inner cavity of the support block 201.

[0038] Please see Figure 3 Each second rotating wheel 405 is connected to a first threaded rod 406 at one end away from the first bevel gear 409. A first fixing block 407 is sleeved on the outside of each first threaded rod 406. An arc-shaped fixing groove 408 is opened on one end surface of each first fixing block 407 facing the support block 201, and the arc-shaped fixing groove 408 fits with both ends of the curved skin.

[0039] Specifically, by setting up an arc-shaped support block 201 and an arc-shaped fixing groove 408 clamping structure, it can fully adapt to the curved contour of the large curvature composite material skin. Then, by fitting and positioning the symmetrical curved surfaces on both sides, it effectively avoids the problems of uneven force, local crushing, skin delamination and surface damage in traditional clamping methods. While ensuring the reliability of clamping, it maximizes the protection of the integrity of the composite material skin structure.

[0040] Please see Figure 6 The testing mechanism 502 includes a first connecting block 507, and a second connecting block 508 is slidably connected in the lower end cavity of the first connecting block 507.

[0041] Please see Figure 6The second connecting block 508 is connected to an arc-shaped detection block 511 at the end away from the first connecting block 507, and a number of detection columns 512 are connected to the surface of the arc-shaped detection block 511 facing the support block 201.

[0042] Please see Figure 6 The lower end of the first connecting block 507 is connected to a second circular guide rod 509, and a second return spring 510 is sleeved on the outer surface of the second circular guide rod 509.

[0043] The first bevel gear 409 meshes with the second bevel gear 506. The diameter of the circular hole 206 is larger than that of the second threaded rod 503. The U-shaped moving block 205 passes through the second rectangular slide groove 505 and is connected to the first rectangular connecting rod 204.

[0044] Specifically, by using an arc-shaped detection block 511 in conjunction with a multi-point detection column 512 to form a full-area bonding detection structure, it is possible to perform full-coverage bonding detection on large-curvature skin surfaces, curvature transition areas, and edge areas. This can accurately identify defects such as small depressions, bulges, surface warping, and overall contour deviations on the skin surface. Then, in conjunction with the built-in infrared sensor to collect shape data in real time, it can achieve automated defect judgment, avoid subjective errors caused by manual inspection, and significantly improve the detection accuracy and comprehensiveness.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 The detection method for the composite material large curvature skin shape detection device includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. First, place the composite material skin with large curvature that needs to be tested on the upper surface of the support block 201. Then, start the first drive motor 401 and drive the first circular rotating rod 402 to rotate, thereby driving the first rotating wheel 403 to rotate, which in turn drives the first rotating belt 404 to rotate. As the first rotating belt 404 rotates, it will drive the second rotating wheel 405 to rotate, thereby driving the first threaded rod 406 and the first bevel gear 409 to rotate. The rotation of the first threaded rod 406 will drive the first fixed block 407 to move along the first rectangular slide groove 3 toward the composite material skin with large curvature.

[0047] S2. The rotation of the first bevel gear 409 will drive the rotation of the second bevel gear 506, thereby driving the second threaded rod 503 to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting rod 501 to move downward along the rectangular frame 504. As the lifting rod 501 moves downward, it will drive the detection mechanism 502 to move downward. When the lower end surface of the lifting rod 501 contacts the upper end surface of the U-shaped moving block 205, the bottom ends of several detection columns 512 on the surface will contact the top surface of the composite material large curvature skin. At the same time, the arc-shaped fixing groove 408 just contacts the two ends of the composite material large curvature skin.

[0048] S3. As the detection mechanism 502 continues to descend, the U-shaped moving block 205 will move downward along the second rectangular slide 505, thereby driving the first rectangular connecting rod 204 to move downward along the first slide, and then driving the support block 201 to move downward along the first circular guide rod 202 until the lower end surface of the U-shaped moving block 205 contacts the bottom end surface of the second rectangular slide 505.

[0049] S4. When the lower end surface of the U-shaped moving block 205 contacts the bottom end surface of the second rectangular slide 505, the U-shaped moving block 205 will cause the first connecting block 507 to move downward along the second circular guide rod 509 during the movement process. During this process, the reaction force generated by the second reset spring 510 will perform a compressive strength test on the composite material skin with large curvature.

[0050] S5. If the infrared sensor detects unevenness on the surface of the composite material skin during the compression test of the composite material skin by the detection column 512, it indicates that the composite material skin is unqualified. Conversely, it indicates that the composite material skin is qualified. After the composite material skin test is completed, return all components to their original positions, and all operations are completed.

[0051] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite material large curvature skin shape detection device, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: The top middle part of the base (1) is connected to a support component (2). Both ends of the support component (2) are provided with a first rectangular slide groove (3). A fixing component (4) is installed in the inner cavity of the first rectangular slide groove (3). A detection component (5) is installed at the end of the fixing component (4) away from the support component (2). The support component (2) includes a support block (201), and the two ends of the support block (201) are connected to a first rectangular connecting rod (204). Both ends of the first rectangular connecting rod (204) are connected to a U-shaped moving block (205). A circular hole (206) is opened at the middle of the top of each U-shaped moving block (205). The fixing component (4) includes a first drive motor (401), the output end of the first drive motor (401) is connected to a first circular rotating rod (402), the outer surfaces of the two ends of the first circular rotating rod (402) are connected to first rotating wheels (403), the outer surface of each first rotating wheel (403) is engaged with a first rotating belt (404), and a second rotating wheel (405) is engaged in the inner cavity of the end of each first rotating belt (404) away from the first rotating wheel (403), and the end of the second rotating wheel (405) away from the support component (2) is connected to a first bevel gear (409). The detection component (5) includes a lifting rod (501), a detection mechanism (502) is connected to the middle outer surface of the lifting rod (501), and a second threaded rod (503) is sleeved at both ends of the lifting rod (501). A rectangular frame (504) is installed on the outer surface of each second threaded rod (503), a second rectangular groove (505) is opened on the lower surface of each rectangular frame (504), and a second bevel gear (506) is connected to the lower surface of each second threaded rod (503).

2. The composite material large curvature skin shape detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end surface of the support block (201) is connected to a first circular guide rod (202), and a first return spring (203) is sleeved on the outer surface of the first circular guide rod (202).

3. The composite material large curvature skin shape detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the second rotating wheels (405) is connected to a first threaded rod (406) at the end away from the first bevel gear (409). A first fixing block (407) is sleeved on the outside of each first threaded rod (406). An arc-shaped fixing groove (408) is opened on the surface of each first fixing block (407) facing the support block (201).

4. The composite material large curvature skin shape detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (502) includes a first connecting block (507), and a second connecting block (508) is slidably connected in the lower end cavity of the first connecting block (507).

5. The composite material large curvature skin shape detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second connecting block (508) is connected to an arc-shaped detection block (511) at one end away from the first connecting block (507), and a plurality of detection columns (512) are connected to one end surface of the arc-shaped detection block (511) facing the support block (201).

6. The composite material large curvature skin shape detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower end of the first connecting block (507) is connected to a second circular guide rod (509), and a second return spring (510) is sleeved on the outer surface of the second circular guide rod (509).

7. The composite material large curvature skin shape detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first bevel gear (409) meshes with the second bevel gear (506), the diameter of the circular hole (206) is larger than that of the second threaded rod (503), and the U-shaped moving block (205) passes through the second rectangular slide groove (505) and is connected to the first rectangular connecting rod (204).

8. A detection method for a composite material large curvature skin shape detection device, according to claim 7, comprising the following steps, characterized in that: S1. First, place the composite material skin with large curvature that needs to be tested on the upper surface of the support block (201). Then, start the first drive motor (401) and drive the first circular rotating rod (402) to rotate, thereby driving the first rotating wheel (403) to rotate, and then driving the first rotating belt (404) to rotate. As the first rotating belt (404) rotates, it will drive the second rotating wheel (405) to rotate, thereby driving the first threaded rod (406) and the first bevel gear (409) to rotate. The rotation of the first threaded rod (406) will drive the first fixed block (407) to move along the first rectangular slide groove (3) toward the composite material skin with large curvature. S2. The rotation of the first bevel gear (409) will drive the rotation of the second bevel gear (506), thereby driving the second threaded rod (503) to rotate, which in turn drives the lifting rod (501) to move downward along the rectangular frame (504). As the lifting rod (501) moves downward, it will drive the detection mechanism (502) to move downward. When the lower end surface of the lifting rod (501) contacts the upper end surface of the U-shaped moving block (205), the bottom ends of several detection columns (512) on the surface will contact the top surface of the composite material large curvature skin. At the same time, the arc-shaped fixing groove (408) just contacts the two ends of the composite material large curvature skin. S3. As the detection mechanism (502) continues to descend, the U-shaped moving block (205) will move downward along the second rectangular slide (505), thereby driving the first rectangular connecting rod (204) to move downward along the first slide, and then driving the support block (201) to move downward along the first circular guide rod (202) until the lower end surface of the U-shaped moving block (205) contacts the bottom end surface of the second rectangular slide (505); S4. When the lower end surface of the U-shaped moving block (205) contacts the bottom end surface of the second rectangular slide (505), the U-shaped moving block (205) will cause the first connecting block (507) to move downward along the second circular guide rod (509) during the movement process. During this process, the reaction force generated by the second reset spring (510) will perform a compressive strength test on the composite material skin with large curvature. S5. If the infrared sensor detects unevenness on the surface of the composite material skin during the compression test of the composite material skin by the detection column (512), it indicates that the composite material skin is unqualified. Conversely, it indicates that the composite material skin is qualified. After the composite material skin test is completed, let each component return to its original position, and then all operations will end.

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