A multi-modal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit, regulation method and regulation device

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-modal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit, a regulation method and a regulation device. The electrical stimulation circuit comprises a first H-bridge unit, a second H-bridge unit, a third H-bridge unit, a multiplexing unit, a double-pole double-throw switch and a control unit. The first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit are respectively used for generating different time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) outputs. The third H-bridge unit cooperates with the double-pole double-throw switch to generate a transcranial modulation electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and a high-precision transcranial modulation electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output. The time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, the transcranial modulation electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and the high-precision transcranial modulation electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output are simultaneously realized in the same electrical stimulation circuit, which can meet the regulation requirements of multiple scenes and multiple levels and avoid the limitations of a single stimulation mode. By using the application, the advantages of multiple modal signals are integrated, the output of high stimulation current, strong focusing and high action depth can be realized, and the application can be widely applied to the field of electrical stimulation treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of physiotherapy device circuits, and more particularly to a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit and its control method and control device. Background Technology

[0002] Neuromodulation technology has become an important means of treating brain dysfunction and promoting neurorehabilitation. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) has attracted widespread attention due to its non-invasiveness, high safety, and low cost. Existing research shows that by adjusting the stimulation frequency, electrode layout, and current waveform, modulatory effects can be produced on both superficial and deep brain regions.

[0003] Currently, various neuromodulation techniques have been proposed. For example, existing technology (CN120242328A) discloses a closed-loop neuromodulation system that integrates three different modules: transcranial alternating current stimulation, low-field magnetic field stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, to achieve synergistic stimulation of brain regions at different depths and ranges; the system proposed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (CN120168870A) generates low-frequency and high-frequency electrical stimulation signals to act on superficial and deep brain regions respectively, achieving dual-modal synergistic stimulation; in addition, the device (WO2026060925A1) from Huichuang Scientific Instruments (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. combines transcranial near-infrared light with alternating current stimulation to achieve a combined therapeutic effect of comprehensive gentleness and precise targeting; the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN114796875A) improves spatial focusing by adjusting the current direction relationship between TES and TMS devices in the target area and using electromagnetic field superposition to enhance or cancel it; Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology (CN116099124A) focuses on individualized theta frequency recognition and dual-target electrode localization to improve the individual adaptability of stimulation. In terms of theoretical research, the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, reviewed novel technologies such as high-current tACS, high-definition tES (HD-tES), temporal interferential stimulation (TIS), and interferential stimulation phase synchronization (ISPS), and pointed out the key influence of multi-electrode combination schemes on stimulation effects; the Korea Brain Science Research Institute (Bahn, S., Kang, B.-Y., & Lee, C. (2023). A computational study on the optimization of transcranial temporal interfering stimulation with high-definition electrodes using unsupervised neural networks. Human Brain Mapping, 44(5), 1829–1845.) used unsupervised neural networks to optimize the amplitude of the temporal interferential stimulation current of high-definition electrodes in order to quickly achieve fine stimulation of deep brain regions.

[0004] While the aforementioned existing technologies have explored neuromodulation from the perspectives of system architecture, target selection, parameter optimization, and combined treatment strategies, and some solutions involve the combined use of multiple stimulation modalities, they all remain at the functional description or algorithm level, without disclosing specific circuit implementation structures capable of simultaneously integrating two or more different electrical stimulation modalities on the same hardware platform and achieving intermodal collaborative work. Specifically, existing literature lacks detailed design schemes for the underlying circuit topology and driving logic of multimodal electrical stimulation signal generation, timing control, current amplitude / frequency / phase coordination, electrode switching, and safety protection. This makes it difficult to solidify multimodal collaborative strategies into compact, efficient, and repeatable hardware systems in practical engineering applications, hindering the practical application of non-invasive neuromodulation devices towards personalization, multi-task, and multi-target approaches.

[0005] Therefore, proposing a multimodal electrical stimulation non-invasive neuromodulation device with specific circuit implementation schemes, which can flexibly switch or superimpose different electrical stimulation modes according to treatment needs, and ensure the accuracy and safety of stimulation output, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit, including a first H-bridge unit, a second H-bridge unit, a third H-bridge unit, a multiplexing unit, a double-pole double-throw switch, and a control unit, wherein: The control unit is connected to the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, the third H-bridge unit, the multiplexing unit, and the double-pole double-throw switch, respectively. The multiplexing unit is connected to the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit respectively. The multiplexing unit is used to multiplex the drive control signal output by the control unit and output it to the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit. The first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit are used to generate different time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) outputs, respectively. The third H-bridge unit, in conjunction with a double-pole double-throw switch, generates transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output.

[0007] Thus, through the above scheme, time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output can be simultaneously realized in the same electrical stimulation circuit, which can meet the needs of multi-scenario and multi-level regulation, improve the effect and comprehensiveness of regulation, and avoid the limitations of a single stimulation mode.

[0008] It is understood that the core of the PWM signal multiplexing of the present invention is to multiplex the signals and use a single hardware channel and a few IO pins to carry multiple PWM control signals, thereby achieving the effect of driving multiple loads with fewer hardware resources.

[0009] It is understood that the present invention is based on a transcranial electrical stimulation mode switching circuit using a double-pole double-throw switch, used to realize the mode switching between traditional transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) and high-definition transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS). The differential stimulation signal output by the H-bridge unit can be synchronously switched to different electrode interface groups through the double-pole double-throw contact switching unit, thereby realizing the switching between the two stimulation modes, which is simple and efficient.

[0010] Furthermore, the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit all include an H-bridge structure and a current source, wherein the H-bridge structure is connected to the current source; The control unit controls the alternating conduction of each bridge arm wheel of the H-bridge structure through two complementary PWM signals, and is connected to the current source through a DAC circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the current source is a high-side current source, which effectively isolates the high-voltage power supply and the load. In the H-bridge topology, the reference potential of each high-side current source is different (floating at different bridge arm potentials). The isolation design allows the control loop of each high-side current source to be completely independent, unaffected by the potential difference between channels or the ground potential offset, so as to realize independent and precise control of the multi-channel current and avoid potential crosstalk and coupling interference between channels.

[0012] Preferably, the H-bridge structure is a full-bridge structure, employing an optocoupler-isolated H-bridge power drive circuit, including a first input control unit, a second input control unit, an isolation drive unit, an H-bridge power unit, and an output filter unit. The first and second input control units are symmetrically structured, each receiving two external control signals, and their outputs are connected to the primary side of the isolation drive unit. The isolation drive unit includes four independent optocoupler channels, each driving one of the four bridge arm switches of the H-bridge power unit, achieving electrical isolation between the control side and the power side. The two output nodes of the H-bridge power unit are connected to the output filter unit for connecting external loads and providing filtering and noise reduction.

[0013] Preferably, the DAC circuit includes a first DAC circuit, a second DAC circuit, and a third DAC circuit, wherein the first DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the first H-bridge unit, the second DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the second H-bridge unit, and the third DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the third H-bridge unit.

[0014] The control unit includes a first MCU and a second MCU, wherein: the first MCU is communicatively connected to the second MCU; the first MCU is connected to the H-bridge structure in the first H-bridge unit and the H-bridge structure in the third H-bridge unit through a multiplexing unit, and the first MCU is connected to the current source in the first H-bridge unit through the first DAC circuit; the first MCU is connected to the H-bridge structure in the second H-bridge unit, and the first MCU is connected to the current source in the second H-bridge unit through the second DAC circuit.

[0015] Preferably, the first DAC circuit is implemented using the internal circuitry of the first MCU, while the second and third DAC circuits are implemented using external circuitry. The MCU-integrated DAC and the independent external DAC adopt a functional division and performance complementarity architecture. The external 16-bit high-precision DAC outputs the main stimulation waveform, ensuring current accuracy and waveform purity. The internal DAC reuses MCU resources to reduce costs, while also enabling wide-range stimulation parameter output.

[0016] The first MCU is connected to the current source in the second H-bridge unit through the third DAC circuit; The second MCU is connected to a peripheral input module, which includes a display module and a button module.

[0017] Furthermore, the stimulation circuit also includes a power supply module, which comprises a buck module and a boost module. The buck module is connected to an external power supply and is used to step down the external AC power supply voltage. The boost module is used to boost the stepped-down DC voltage to meet the power supply needs of different units in the stimulation circuit. Specifically, the external power supply is 220V, which is stepped down to 12V using the buck module, and then stepped down to 5V and 3.3V to power other circuits. At the same time, the 12V is boosted to 60V to provide voltage to the H-bridge and current source. The 12V, 5V, 3.3V, and 60V are all DC voltage signals.

[0018] Furthermore, the current source includes: an input filtering unit, a voltage-to-current conversion unit, a power supply filtering and decoupling unit, and a power drive output unit; the input terminal of the input filtering unit is connected to an analog input signal, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit; the output terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit is electrically connected to the input terminal of the power drive output unit, which is used to provide a bias voltage for the H-bridge structure; the power supply filtering and decoupling unit is electrically connected to each power supply terminal of the current source circuit and a common ground terminal.

[0019] As another aspect of the present invention, a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation modulation method is proposed, wherein the multimodality includes: time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output, and the specific method includes: The control unit controls the first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit to generate different time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) outputs respectively. The control unit controls the third H-bridge unit to generate transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output in conjunction with a double-pole double-throw switch; the drive signals of the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit are multiplexed by a multiplexing unit to generate the drive signal output from the control unit. By controlling the timing of the control unit, one or more of the following outputs can be combined at different times: time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output. It can be understood that the technical solution of the present invention can output one of the above three modes, or can realize multiple combinations of the three modes, which greatly improves the applicability and therapeutic effect.

[0020] Furthermore, the stimulation current output by the third H-bridge unit is a medium-frequency pulse current. Compared with direct current and low-frequency pulse current, medium-frequency pulse current has significant advantages in deep tissue action, treatment safety, and functional adaptability due to its multiple advantages in electrical characteristics and physiological effects.

[0021] Furthermore, by adjusting the output signal of the control unit, the output modes of the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit are all set to three output modes: continuous output, intermittent output, and sparse output. Among them, continuous output is to output a continuous electrical stimulation modulated current waveform according to a certain time and frequency. The current is continuously and uninterruptedly output with fixed waveform parameters (amplitude, carrier wave and modulation frequency) without any power interruption. The output amplitude and frequency remain in a steady state.

[0022] The intermittent output refers to the current being output alternately according to a preset power-on period-power-off period cycle. During the power-on period, the waveform parameters are constant, and during the power-off period, the output current drops to zero. The on / off duration is adjustable.

[0023] The term "dense / sparse output" refers to the continuous output of current throughout the entire process without power interruption. The waveform carrier frequency is fixed, and the modulation frequency of the waveform alternates between dense wave (high frequency) and sparse wave (low frequency) according to a preset period: dense wave period: high frequency (usually 50~100Hz), with delicate and gentle stimulation; sparse wave period: low frequency (usually 1~10Hz), with strong stimulation, which can induce mild contraction.

[0024] Preferably, any one of the three output modes can output individually or in combination, corresponding to different physiological mechanisms of action and clinical treatment applications, and can be flexibly selected according to the intervention goal.

[0025] As another aspect of the present invention, a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation modulation device is proposed, which includes a processor and a memory, characterized in that the memory stores a program of the aforementioned modulation method steps that can be executed by the processor.

[0026] As another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed, implements the steps of the aforementioned control method.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention achieves time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output within the same stimulation circuit. Integrating these three modalities into a single unit allows for synergistic action, meeting the needs of multi-scenario and multi-level control, improving the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of control, avoiding the limitations of single stimulation methods, and integrating the advantages of multiple modal signals to achieve high stimulation current, strong focusing, and deep effect. Furthermore, this invention provides a specific circuit structure for achieving intermodal synergistic operation, enabling flexible switching or superposition of different electrical stimulation modes according to treatment needs, while ensuring the accuracy and safety of the stimulation output.

[0028] 2. This invention sets different modulation waves and carrier frequencies, current intensities and other parameters for the modulation signal to achieve multi-parameter configuration and selection of the modulation signal. It runs three modes alternately in sequence according to the program. Combined with different electrode arrangement matrices, it performs deep targeted modulation, cortical modulation of specific brain regions and drives cortical oscillations to specific brain regions. This achieves full-depth coverage of specific brain regions from the cortex to the deep brain, multi-modal programmed switching and precise localization of personalized neuromodulation.

[0029] 3. By adjusting the output signal of the control unit, the output modes of the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit are all set to three output modes: continuous output, intermittent output, and sparse-dense output. Any one of the three output modes can be output alone or in combination to meet different physiological mechanisms and clinical treatment applications, and the mode can be flexibly selected according to the intervention goal.

[0030] 4. An optocoupler-isolated H-bridge power drive circuit is adopted. Through independent optocoupler isolation and filtering, high-frequency interference generated by switching action is suppressed, improving the stability and anti-interference capability of the drive system. A high-side current source is used to effectively isolate the high-voltage power supply and load, enabling independent and precise control of multi-channel current and avoiding potential crosstalk and coupling interference between channels.

[0031] 5. A transcranial electrical stimulation mode switching circuit based on a double-pole double-throw switch enables mode switching between transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) and high-definition transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS). The differential stimulation signal output by the H-bridge unit can be synchronously switched to different electrode interface groups via the double-pole double-throw contact switching unit, thereby correspondingly realizing two stimulation modes, which is simple and efficient. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the first MCU in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second MCU in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the first H-bridge unit in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the second H-bridge unit in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the third H-bridge unit in a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure for selecting the output of HD-tMCS and tMCS based on a double-pole double-throw switch according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] It should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms "system," "apparatus," "unit," and / or "module" used in this application are a method of distinguishing different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, they may be replaced by other expressions.

[0037] Unless the context explicitly indicates an exception, words such as "a," "an," "a kind," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list; a method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements. An element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, product, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, "a plurality of" refers to two or more. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0039] Furthermore, flowcharts are used in this application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed precisely in sequence. Instead, the steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Additionally, other operations can be added to these processes, or one or more steps can be removed from them.

[0040] For ease of understanding, the relevant terms in this application are explained as follows: Temporal Interference Stimulation (TIS) is a non-invasive deep intracranial modulation technique using dual-frequency alternating current. Its working principle involves placing two sets of high-frequency sinusoidal electrodes of different frequencies on the scalp. These two sets of high-frequency currents interfere in the target deep brain region, generating a low-frequency difference-frequency modulated electric field. Only the high-frequency current exists on the scalp surface, providing minimal stimulation to the superficial scalp and skull; only the deep brain regions exhibit effective low-frequency stimulation signals.

[0041] Transcranial Modulated Current Stimulation (tMCS) works by using a base high-frequency / low-frequency alternating current as a carrier wave, superimposed with a low-frequency amplitude modulation signal, to output a periodically varying modulated electric field that acts on the cerebral cortex. The modulation waveform can be set to various modes such as sine wave, square wave, and pulse modulation.

[0042] High-Definition Transcranial Modulated Current Stimulation (HD-tMCS) is a high-precision upgraded version of tMCS. Its core upgrades include: the use of a high-density multi-electrode array, which allows independent control of the output current amplitude and modulation phase of each electrode; and the creation of a highly localized and spatially controllable focused electric field on the scalp.

[0043] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional example of the multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit proposed in this invention. The system proposed in this embodiment may include, but is not limited to, the following parts: a first H-bridge unit, a second H-bridge unit, a third H-bridge unit, a multiplexing unit, a double-pole double-throw switch, and a control unit, wherein: The control unit is connected to the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit respectively, and the control unit is also connected to the multiplexing unit; The multiplexing unit is connected to the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit respectively. The multiplexing unit is used to multiplex the drive control signal output by the control unit and output it to the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit. The first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit are used to generate different time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) outputs, respectively. The third H-bridge unit, in conjunction with a double-pole double-throw switch, generates transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output.

[0044] It is understood that the core of the PWM signal multiplexing of the present invention is to multiplex the signals and use a single hardware channel and a few IO pins to carry multiple PWM control signals, thereby achieving the effect of driving multiple loads with fewer hardware resources.

[0045] Further, see Figure 2 The first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit of the present invention all include an H-bridge structure and a current source, wherein the H-bridge structure is connected to the current source; The control unit controls the alternating conduction of each bridge arm wheel of the H-bridge structure through two complementary PWM signals, and is connected to the current source through a DAC circuit.

[0046] Preferably, the current source is a high-side current source, which effectively isolates the high-voltage power supply and the load. In the H-bridge topology, the reference potential of each high-side current source is different (floating at different bridge arm potentials). The isolation design allows the control loop of each high-side current source to be completely independent, unaffected by the potential difference between channels or the ground potential offset, so as to realize independent and precise control of the multi-channel current and avoid potential crosstalk and coupling interference between channels.

[0047] For details, please refer to Figure 5 Taking the first H-bridge unit as an example, the current source circuit includes an input filter unit, a voltage-to-current conversion unit, a power supply filter and decoupling unit, and a power drive output unit. The input terminal of the input filter unit is connected to an analog input signal, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit. The output terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit is connected to the input terminal of the power drive output unit, which is used to provide bias voltage for the H-bridge structure. The power supply filter and decoupling unit is connected to each power supply terminal of the circuit and the common ground terminal, providing power supply filtering and near-end decoupling for the entire circuit.

[0048] The input filtering unit includes a first filtering resistor R45 and a first filtering capacitor C54. The signal input port ADC_IN is the analog signal input terminal of the circuit. The signal input port ADC_IN is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first filtering resistor R45 and the first terminal of the first filtering capacitor C54, and is also connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit. The second end of the first filter resistor R45 and the second end of the first filter capacitor C54 are connected to the common ground terminal GND. The first filter resistor R45 and the first filter capacitor C54 are connected in parallel to form a first-order RC low-pass filter network, which is used to filter out high-frequency noise in the input analog signal and at the same time provide a DC discharge path for the input port. The voltage-to-current conversion unit includes a first operational amplifier U21.1, a first field-effect transistor Q27, a first current-limiting resistor R53, a first feedback resistor R46, a first sampling resistor Rs1, and a first compensation capacitor C56. The non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U21.1 is connected to the output terminal of the input filtering unit, i.e., the subsequent node of the signal input port ADC_IN. The inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U21.1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first feedback resistor R46 and the first terminal of the first compensation capacitor C56, respectively. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier U21.1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first current-limiting resistor R53 and the second terminal of the first compensation capacitor C56, respectively. The first compensation capacitor C56 is connected across the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U21.1 to form an AC phase compensation network, which is used to stabilize the closed-loop feedback system and suppress the system's self-excited oscillation.

[0049] The second end of the first current-limiting resistor R53 is electrically connected to the gate of the first field-effect transistor Q27. The output signal of the first operational amplifier U21.1 is limited by the first current-limiting resistor R53 and then input to the gate of the first field-effect transistor Q27 to control its conduction level.

[0050] The source of the first field-effect transistor Q27 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first feedback resistor R46 and the first terminal of the first sampling resistor Rs1, respectively; the second terminal of the first sampling resistor Rs1 is electrically connected to the common ground terminal GND; the first feedback resistor R46 feeds back the source sampling voltage of the first field-effect transistor Q27 to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U21.1, forming a DC negative feedback closed loop.

[0051] The drain of the first field-effect transistor Q27 is the output terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit and is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the power drive output unit.

[0052] Preferably, the power supply filtering and decoupling unit includes a first power supply port DCOUT_50V, a second power supply port DCOUT+50V, a first main filter capacitor C59, a second main filter capacitor C58, a first decoupling capacitor C55, and a second decoupling capacitor C60.

[0053] The first power supply port DCOUT_50V is the power supply terminal for the first operational amplifier U21.1 and the subsequent second operational amplifier U21.2; the first main filter capacitor C59 and the second main filter capacitor C58 are connected in parallel, with their first ends connected to the first power supply port DCOUT_50V and their second ends connected to the common ground terminal GND, forming the main filter network at the power input, which is used to filter out the high and low frequency ripple of the power input.

[0054] The first decoupling capacitor C55 and the second decoupling capacitor C60 are connected in parallel. Their first ends are connected to the first power supply port DCOUT_50V, and their second ends are connected to the common ground terminal GND. They are arranged near the power supply pin of the first operational amplifier U21.1 to form an operational amplifier power supply decoupling network, which is used to suppress power supply interference caused by lead impedance.

[0055] The second power port DCOUT+50V is the high-voltage power supply terminal of the power stage, which is electrically connected to the upper bias resistor of the power drive output unit and the power supply terminal of the power transistor, respectively, to provide high-voltage operating power for the power output stage.

[0056] The power drive output unit includes a second operational amplifier U21.2, a second power MOSFET Q2, a first upper bias resistor Rs2, a second upper bias resistor Rs3, a second current limiting resistor R48, a second feedback resistor R47, and a second compensation capacitor C57.

[0057] The non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier U21.2 is electrically connected to the source of the first field-effect transistor Q27 via the first upper bias resistor Rs2 and the second upper bias resistor Rs3; the connection point between the first upper bias resistor Rs2 and the second upper bias resistor Rs3 is electrically connected to the second power supply port DCOUT+50V to provide the source working bias voltage for the first field-effect transistor Q27.

[0058] The inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U21.2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second feedback resistor R47 and the first terminal of the second compensation capacitor C57, respectively. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier U21.2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second current-limiting resistor R48 and the second terminal of the second compensation capacitor C57, respectively. The second compensation capacitor C57 is connected across the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier U21.2 to form a second-stage phase compensation network to ensure the stability of the power stage closed-loop system.

[0059] The second terminal of the second current-limiting resistor R48 is electrically connected to the gate of the second power MOSFET Q2. After the output signal of the second operational amplifier U21.2 is limited by the second current-limiting resistor R48, it drives the second power MOSFET Q2 to conduct.

[0060] The drain of the second power MOSFET Q2 is the power output terminal of the circuit, used for connecting an external load.

[0061] It should be noted that the second power MOSFET Q2 is a PMOS with two drains, one of which has two pins connected together as the output terminal.

[0062] The second terminal of the second feedback resistor R47 is electrically connected to the source of the second power MOSFET Q2, feeding the output voltage back to the inverting input of the second operational amplifier U21.2, forming a voltage negative feedback closed loop, so that the output voltage accurately follows the amplitude of the input analog signal.

[0063] The overall working principle of the current source circuit is as follows: After the analog input signal is filtered by the input filter unit, it is input to the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier. Based on the negative feedback characteristic of the virtual short of the op-amp, the voltage across the first sampling resistor is proportional to the amplitude of the input voltage, so that the current flowing through the first field-effect transistor is linearly related to the input voltage, realizing voltage-to-current conversion and completing signal level matching and preprocessing. The preprocessed voltage signal is input to the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier. Through the second-stage voltage negative feedback closed loop and the power expansion effect of the second power field-effect transistor, a high-voltage, high-power drive signal proportional to the input signal is finally output, realizing precise tracking control of the high-voltage load by the small signal.

[0064] It should be noted that the current source circuit structure in the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit is consistent in this invention; see details below. Figure 6-7 As shown, the current source circuit structure in the second and third H-bridge units will not be described in detail.

[0065] See also Figure 7 : The H-bridge structure of this invention is a full-bridge structure. Taking the full-bridge structure in the third H-bridge unit as an example, the H-bridge structure adopts an optocoupler-isolated H-bridge power drive circuit, including a first input control unit, a second input control unit, an isolation drive unit, an H-bridge power unit, and an output filter unit. The first input control unit and the second input control unit are symmetrical in structure and are respectively connected to two external control signals. The output terminal is connected to the primary side of the isolation drive unit. The isolation drive unit includes four independent optocoupler channels, which respectively drive the four bridge arm switches of the H-bridge power unit to achieve electrical isolation between the control side and the power side. The two output nodes of the H-bridge power unit are connected to the output filter unit for connecting external loads and providing filtering and voltage regulation.

[0066] Specifically, it includes a first input control unit, which includes a first signal input port OUT_1B, a first base current limiting resistor R80, a first switching transistor Q20, and a first base pull-down resistor R78. The first signal input port OUT_1B is electrically connected to the base of the first switching transistor Q20 via the first base current limiting resistor R80. The emitter of the first switching transistor Q20 is electrically connected to the control side common ground terminal GND. The first base pull-down resistor R78 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the first switching transistor Q20 to provide a DC discharge path for the base and prevent the switching transistor from being mis-connected. The collector of the first switching transistor Q20 serves as the output terminal of the first input control unit and is electrically connected to the primary side common terminal of the corresponding two optocoupler channels in the isolation drive unit.

[0067] The system includes a second input control unit, which is structurally symmetrical to the first input control unit. It includes a second signal input port OUT_2B, a second base current-limiting resistor R81, a second switching transistor Q21, and a second base pull-down resistor R79. The second signal input port OUT_2B is electrically connected to the base of the second switching transistor Q21 via the second base current-limiting resistor R81. The emitter of the second switching transistor Q21 is electrically connected to the control side common ground GND. The second base pull-down resistor R79 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the second switching transistor Q21. The collector of the second switching transistor Q21 serves as the output terminal of the second input control unit and is electrically connected to the primary common terminal of the other two optocoupler channels in the isolation drive unit.

[0068] The isolation drive unit includes a first dual-channel optocoupler U24 and a second dual-channel optocoupler U25. Each optocoupler includes a primary side light-emitting side and a secondary side photosensitive side. Electrical isolation between the control side and the power side is achieved through photoelectric conversion, blocking interference crosstalk between the two sides.

[0069] The first dual-channel optical coupler U24 includes a first optical coupler channel U24.1 and a fourth optical coupler channel U24.2; the second dual-channel optical coupler U25 includes a second optical coupler channel U25.2 and a third optical coupler channel U25.1. The four optocoupler channels correspond to the four bridge arm switches of the H-bridge power unit, and the specific connection relationship is as follows: First optocoupler channel U24.1: The anode of the primary side light-emitting diode is connected to the 3V3 control power supply, and the cathode of the primary side light-emitting diode is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first input control unit; the cathode of the secondary side photodiode is connected to the positive power supply bus on the power side, and the anode of the secondary side photodiode is electrically connected to the base of the upper left bridge arm switch of the H-bridge power unit; the primary side light-emitting diode of the fourth optocoupler channel U24.2 is simultaneously turned on with the primary side light-emitting diode of the first optocoupler channel U24.1, and one light-emitting diode controls two photodiodes K1 and K2; the cathode of the secondary side photodiode of the fourth optocoupler channel U24.2 is connected to the base of the upper right bridge arm switch of the H-bridge power unit through resistor R73, and the anode of the secondary side is electrically connected to the base of the lower right bridge arm switch of the H-bridge power unit and grounded through the second lower bridge base limiting current resistor R75.

[0070] The third optocoupler channel U25.1: The anode of the primary-side LED is connected to a 3V3 control power supply, and the cathode of the primary-side LED is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second input control unit; the cathode of the secondary-side photodiode is connected to the positive power bus on the power side, and the anode of the secondary-side photodiode is electrically connected to the base of the upper right bridge arm switch of the H-bridge power unit and connected to the cathode of the secondary-side photodiode of the fourth optocoupler channel U24.2 through the second upper bridge base limiting current resistor R73; the primary-side LEDs of the second optocoupler channel U25.2 and the third optocoupler channel U25.1 are simultaneously turned on, and one LED controls two photodiodes K1 and K2; the cathode of the secondary-side photodiode of the second optocoupler channel U25.2 is connected to the base of the upper left bridge arm switch of the H-bridge power unit through resistor R72, and the anode of the secondary-side photodiode is electrically connected to the base of the lower left bridge arm switch of the H-bridge power unit and grounded through the first lower bridge base limiting current resistor R74. It should be noted that in the control of the optocoupler in this embodiment, the driving control of the base of the diagonal switching transistors of the H-bridge is achieved by using one light-emitting diode to control two photodiodes K1 and K2, so as to realize the simultaneous conduction of the diagonal switching transistors. The control circuit is simple and easy to implement.

[0071] The H-bridge power unit includes a left upper arm switch Q22, a left lower arm switch Q24, a right upper arm switch Q23, and a right lower arm switch Q25. These four switches are connected in series to form an H-bridge circuit structure, providing bidirectional power drive capability to the load. The specific connection relationships are as follows: Left half-bridge arm: Composed of left upper arm switch Q22 and left lower arm switch Q24 connected in series. The collector of left upper arm switch Q22 is electrically connected to the positive power bus on the power side, and the emitter is electrically connected to the left half-bridge output node D3+. The collector of left lower arm switch Q24 is electrically connected to the left half-bridge output node D3+, and the emitter is electrically connected to the power side common ground terminal GND. Right half-bridge arm: Composed of right upper arm switch Q23 and right lower arm switch Q25 connected in series. The collector of the upper right bridge arm switch Q23 is electrically connected to the positive power bus on the power side, and the emitter is electrically connected to the right half-bridge output node D3-. The collector of the lower right bridge arm switch Q25 is electrically connected to the right half-bridge output node D3-, and the emitter is electrically connected to the power side common ground terminal GND. The left half-bridge output node D3+ and the right half-bridge output node D3- are the two power output terminals of the H-bridge power unit, used for connecting external loads. By controlling the on / off combination of the four bridge arm switches, positive and reverse driving voltages can be formed between the two output terminals to meet the control requirements of various operating modes.

[0072] The output filtering unit includes a first RC filtering branch and a second RC filtering branch, respectively connected between the two half-bridge output nodes and power ground. These branches are used to filter out high-frequency ripple and switching spike interference in the output signal, improving the stability of the drive signal. The first RC filtering branch consists of a first filtering resistor R82 and a first filtering capacitor C52 connected in series. The first terminal of the first filtering resistor R82 is electrically connected to the left half-bridge output node D3+, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the power side common ground terminal GND via the first filtering capacitor C52. The second RC filtering branch consists of a second filtering resistor R83 and a second filtering capacitor C53 connected in series. The first terminal of the second filtering resistor R83 is electrically connected to the right half-bridge output node D3-, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the power side common ground terminal GND via the second filtering capacitor C53.

[0073] H-bridge circuit working principle: Two external control signals are input from the first signal input port OUT_1B and the second signal input port OUT_2B respectively. After current amplification by the switching transistor of the input control unit, they drive the primary side of the corresponding optocoupler channel to emit light. The optocoupler couples the control signal to the secondary side of the power side through photoelectric conversion. The output signal of the secondary side drives the switching transistor of the corresponding bridge arm after passing through the current limiting resistor. By controlling the level of the two input signals, the switching combination of the four bridge arm transistors of the H-bridge can be controlled, thereby forming drive voltages with different directions and amplitudes between the D3+ and D3- output terminals, realizing bidirectional drive control of the load. The output filter unit filters the output voltage to suppress high-frequency interference generated by switching action, improving the stability and anti-interference capability of the drive system.

[0074] It should be noted that the current source circuit structure in the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit is consistent in this invention; see details below. Figure 5-6 As shown, the current source circuit structure in the first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit will not be described in detail.

[0075] See also Figure 2 The DAC circuit includes a first DAC circuit, a second DAC circuit, and a third DAC circuit, wherein the first DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the first H-bridge unit, the second DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the second H-bridge unit, and the third DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the third H-bridge unit.

[0076] See Figure 3-4The control unit includes a first MCU and a second MCU, wherein: the first MCU is communicatively connected to the second MCU; the first MCU is connected to the H-bridge structure in the first H-bridge unit and the H-bridge structure in the third H-bridge unit through a multiplexing unit, and the first MCU is connected to the current source in the first H-bridge unit through the first DAC circuit; the first MCU is connected to the H-bridge structure in the second H-bridge unit, and the first MCU is connected to the current source in the second H-bridge unit through the second DAC circuit.

[0077] The first MCU is connected to the current source in the second H-bridge unit through the third DAC circuit; Preferably, the first DAC circuit is implemented using the internal circuitry of the first MCU, while the second and third DAC circuits are implemented using external circuitry. The MCU-integrated DAC and the independent external DAC adopt a functional division and performance complementarity architecture. The external 16-bit high-precision DAC outputs the main stimulation waveform, ensuring current accuracy and waveform purity. The internal DAC reuses MCU resources to reduce costs, while also enabling wide-range stimulation parameter output.

[0078] The second MCU is connected to a peripheral input module, which includes a display module and a button module.

[0079] See also Figure 2 The stimulation circuit also includes a power supply module, which comprises a buck module and a boost module. The buck module is connected to an external power supply and is used to step down the external power supply voltage. The boost module is used to boost the stepped-down voltage to meet the power supply needs of different units in the stimulation circuit. Specifically, the external power supply is 220V, which is stepped down to 12V by the buck module, and then stepped down to 5V and 3.3V to power other circuits. At the same time, the 12V is boosted to 60V to provide voltage to the H-bridge and current source.

[0080] See Figure 8 This invention utilizes a double-pole double-throw switch to achieve mode switching between transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) and high-definition transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS). Specifically, the transcranial modulated electrical stimulation mode switching circuit based on the double-pole double-throw switch includes a double-pole double-throw contact switching unit, a tMCS electrode interface group, and an HD-tMCS electrode interface group. The differential stimulation signal output from the pre-stage H-bridge power unit can be synchronously switched to different electrode interface groups via the double-pole double-throw contact switching unit, thereby correspondingly realizing the mode switching between transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) and high-definition transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS).

[0081] The transcranial modulated electrical stimulation mode switching circuit based on a double-pole double-throw switch further includes a switch control unit, a switch drive and freewheeling unit. The switch control unit includes a control input terminal EN_H_BIRDGE1, a base limiting current resistor R50, an NPN switching transistor Q30, and a base pull-down resistor R49. The control input terminal EN_H_BIRDGE1 is electrically connected to the base of the transistor Q30 via the base limiting current resistor R50. The base pull-down resistor R49 is connected in parallel between the base and emitter of the transistor Q30. The emitter of the transistor Q30 is electrically connected to the system common ground GND. The collector of the transistor Q30 serves as the output terminal of the switch control unit and is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the subsequent switching coil.

[0082] The switch control unit is used to receive external digital control signals to realize the on / off control of the power stimulation circuit by the low voltage weak current circuit; the base pull-down resistor R49 is used to ensure that the transistor Q30 is reliably cut off when the control signal is floating, so as to avoid mode switching error.

[0083] The switch drive and freewheeling unit includes the excitation coil of a double-pole double-throw switch K2, a freewheeling diode D11, and a +5V DC power supply. The positive terminal (pin 1) of the coil of switch K2 is electrically connected to the +5V DC power supply; the negative terminal (pin 12) of the coil is electrically connected to the collector of the transistor Q30; the freewheeling diode D11 is connected in reverse parallel across the two ends of the switch coil, wherein the cathode of D11 is electrically connected to the +5V DC power supply, and the anode of D11 is electrically connected to the negative terminal (pin 12) of the coil.

[0084] When transistor Q30 is turned on, the switching coil forms a complete current loop, the coil is energized and drives the internal contacts to switch synchronously; the freewheeling diode D11 is used to discharge the reverse induced electromotive force generated at the moment the coil is turned off, to avoid overvoltage breakdown of the switching transistor, and to improve the reliability of the circuit and the service life of the device.

[0085] The double-pole double-throw contact switching unit is integrated inside switch K2 and includes two sets of synchronously linked single-pole double-throw contacts, forming a double-pole double-throw switching structure. The two sets of contacts correspond to the positive and negative circuits of the stimulation current, respectively. Each set of contacts includes one common terminal, one normally closed stationary contact, and one normally open stationary contact.

[0086] (1) Positive stimulation pathway (first group of contacts) The common terminal is switch pin 4, labeled D3+, which is electrically connected to the positive stimulation output terminal of the pre-amplifier H-bridge power unit and serves as the positive common input node for the stimulation current. The normally closed stationary contact is switch pin 3, labeled D_tMCS+, and is electrically connected to the positive interface of the traditional tMCS electrode interface group; when the coil is de-energized, the common terminal D3+ remains connected to the normally closed contact D_tMCS+. The normally open stationary contact is switch pin 5, labeled D_HD-tMCS+, which is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the HD-tMCS electrode interface group; when the coil is energized, the common terminal D3+ switches to conduct with the normally open contact D_HD-tMCS+.

[0087] (2) Negative stimulation pathway (second group of contacts) The common terminal is switch pin 9, labeled D3-, which is electrically connected to the negative stimulation output terminal of the pre-amplifier H-bridge power unit and serves as the negative common return node for the stimulation current. The normally closed stationary contact is switch pin 10, labeled D_tMCS-, and is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the traditional tMCS electrode interface group; when the coil is de-energized, the common terminal D3- remains connected to the normally closed contact D_tMCS-. The normally open stationary contact is switch pin 8, labeled D_HD-tMCS-, and is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the HD-tMCS electrode interface group; when the coil is energized, the common terminal D3- switches to conduct with the normally open contact D_HD-tMCS-.

[0088] Both sets of contacts are driven by the same excitation coil. The mechanical linkage ensures synchronous switching of the positive and negative circuits, ensuring the integrity of the stimulation current circuit and avoiding output open circuit abnormalities caused by single-path switching.

[0089] The electrode interface group includes the tMCS electrode interface group and the HD-tMCS electrode interface group. The tMCS electrode interface group consists of two interfaces, D_tMCS+ and D_tMCS-, which are respectively connected to a large-area tMCS working electrode and a reference electrode, forming a dual-electrode diffuse stimulation circuit for AC stimulation of a large brain region.

[0090] The HD-tMCS electrode interface group consists of two interfaces: D_HD-tMCS+ and D_HD-tMCS-. D_HD-tMCS+ is connected to the central stimulation electrode of the HD-tMCS array, and D_HD-tMCS- is connected to multiple parallel surrounding return electrodes of the HD-tMCS array (standard 4×1 array configuration), forming a multi-electrode focused stimulation circuit for high-precision focused stimulation of the target brain region.

[0091] The working principle of the transcranial electrical stimulation mode switching circuit based on a double-blade double-throw switch is described below: By controlling the level state of the input terminal, the switch contacts can be driven to switch, achieving seamless switching between two stimulation modes: (1) tMCS mode (default power failure state) When the control input terminal EN_H_BIRDGE1 is low, the base voltage of transistor Q30 is lower than the conduction threshold, Q30 is in the off state, no current flows through the excitation coil of switch K2, and both sets of contacts remain in the normally closed conducting state. At this time, the current loop is: positive output terminal D3+ of the pre-stage H-bridge - normally closed contact - D_tMCS+ - tMCS working electrode - cranial tissue - tMCS reference electrode - D_tMCS- - normally closed contact - D3- - negative return terminal of the pre-stage H-bridge. In this mode, the current passes through the large-size dual electrodes to form a large-range diffuse electric field, realizing traditional tMCS stimulation. At the same time, this mode is the default state when power is lost, and the basic stimulation mode is automatically maintained when the control circuit fails and power is cut off.

[0092] (2) HD-tMCS mode (power-on switching state) When the control input terminal EN_H_BIRDGE1 is high, transistor Q30 is saturated and conducts. The excitation coil of switch K2 forms a current loop. After the coil is energized, it drives the two sets of contacts to close synchronously, and the common terminal switches to conduct with the normally open contact. At this time, the current loop is: positive output terminal of the pre-stage H-bridge D3+ - normally open contact - D_HD-tMCS+ - HD-tMCS central stimulation electrode - cranial target tissue - multi-channel surrounding return electrode parallel return - D_HD-tMCS- - normally open contact - D3- - negative return terminal of the pre-stage H-bridge. In this mode, the current flows out from the central small electrode, returns in parallel through the surrounding electrodes, and forms a highly focused electric field in the target brain region by utilizing the spatial superposition effect of the current. The spatial resolution can reach the centimeter level, realizing HD-tMCS high-definition focused stimulation.

[0093] Example 2: As another aspect of the present invention, a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation modulation method is proposed, wherein the multimodality includes: time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output, and the specific method includes: The control unit controls the first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit to generate different time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) outputs respectively. The control unit controls the third H-bridge unit to generate transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output in conjunction with a double-pole double-throw switch; the drive signals of the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit are multiplexed by a multiplexing unit to generate the drive signal output from the control unit. By controlling the timing of the control unit, one or more of the following outputs can be combined at different times: time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output. It can be understood that the technical solution of the present invention can output one of the above three modes at different times, or can achieve a combination of multiple outputs of the three modes, which greatly improves the applicability and stimulation effect.

[0094] Furthermore, the stimulation current output by the third H-bridge unit is a medium-frequency pulse current. Compared with direct current and low-frequency pulse current, medium-frequency pulse current has significant advantages in deep tissue action, treatment safety, and functional adaptability due to its multiple advantages in electrical characteristics and physiological effects.

[0095] By adjusting the output signal of the control unit, different parameters such as carrier and modulation wave frequency and current intensity are set to realize the multi-parameter configuration and selection of the modulation signal. The three modes are run alternately according to the program. Specifically, the output modes of the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit are all set to three output modes: continuous output, intermittent output, and sparse output. Among them, continuous output is to output a continuous electrical stimulation modulated current waveform according to a certain time and frequency. The current is continuously and uninterruptedly output with fixed waveform parameters (amplitude, carrier wave and modulation frequency) without any power interruption. The output amplitude and frequency remain in a steady state.

[0096] The intermittent output refers to the current being output alternately according to a preset power-on period-power-off period cycle. During the power-on period, the waveform parameters are constant, and during the power-off period, the output current drops to zero. The on / off duration is adjustable.

[0097] The term "dense / sparse output" refers to the continuous output of current throughout the entire process without power interruption. The waveform carrier frequency is fixed, and the modulation frequency of the waveform alternates between dense wave (high frequency) and sparse wave (low frequency) according to a preset period: dense wave period: high frequency (usually 50~100Hz), with delicate and gentle stimulation; sparse wave period: low frequency (usually 1~10Hz), with strong stimulation, which can induce mild contraction.

[0098] Preferably, any one of the three output modes can output individually or in combination, corresponding to different physiological mechanisms of action and clinical treatment applications, and can be flexibly selected according to the intervention goal.

[0099] Example 3: As another aspect of the present invention, a multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation modulation device is proposed, which includes a processor and a memory, characterized in that the memory stores a program of the aforementioned modulation method steps that can be executed by the processor.

[0100] Example 4: As another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed, implements the steps of the aforementioned control method.

[0101] As another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, wherein a computer program is stored thereon, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a computer, implements the steps of the aforementioned control method.

[0102] This invention achieves time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output in the same stimulation circuit. It integrates the three modalities into one and they work synergistically to meet the needs of multi-scenario and multi-level regulation, improve the effect and comprehensiveness of regulation, avoid the limitations of a single stimulation method, integrate the advantages of multiple modal signals, and achieve output with high stimulation current, strong focus, and deep action.

[0103] This invention enables multi-parameter configuration and selection of modulation signals by setting different modulation frequencies, carrier frequencies, current intensities, and other parameters. It sequentially runs three modes according to a program, and combines different electrode arrangement matrices to perform deep targeted modulation, cortical modulation of specific brain regions, and drive cortical oscillations, respectively. This achieves full-depth coverage of specific brain regions from the cortex to the deep brain, multi-modal programmed switching, and precise localization of personalized neuromodulation.

[0104] This invention adjusts the output signal of the control unit to set the output modes of the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit to three output modes: continuous output, intermittent output, and sparse-dense output. Any one of the three output modes can be output alone or in combination to meet different physiological mechanisms and clinical treatment applications, and the mode can be flexibly selected according to the intervention target.

[0105] This invention employs an optocoupler-isolated H-bridge power drive circuit. Through independent optocoupler isolation and filtering, it suppresses high-frequency interference generated by switching actions, thereby improving the stability and anti-interference capability of the drive system. It also employs a high-side current source to effectively isolate the high-voltage power supply and load, enabling independent and precise control of multi-channel current and avoiding potential crosstalk and coupling interference between channels.

[0106] This invention is based on a transcranial electrical stimulation mode switching circuit using a double-pole double-throw switch to achieve mode switching between transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) and high-definition transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS). The differential stimulation signal output by the H-bridge unit can be synchronously switched to different electrode interface groups via the double-pole double-throw contact switching unit, thereby realizing two stimulation modes in a simple and efficient manner.

[0107] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0108] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules, and may be electrical or other forms.

[0109] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0110] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0111] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0112] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit, wherein the multimodality comprises: The Temporal Interference Stimulation (TIS) output, Transcranial Modulated Stimulation (tMCS) output, and High-Precision Transcranial Modulated Stimulation (HD-tMCS) output are characterized by comprising a first H-bridge unit, a second H-bridge unit, a third H-bridge unit, a multiplexing unit, a double-pole double-throw switch, and a control unit, wherein: The control unit is connected to the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, the third H-bridge unit, the multiplexing unit, and the double-pole double-throw switch, respectively. The multiplexing unit is connected to the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit respectively. The multiplexing unit is used to multiplex the drive control signal output by the control unit and output it to the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit. The first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit are used to generate different time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) outputs, respectively. The third H-bridge unit, in conjunction with a double-pole double-throw switch, generates transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output. The control unit controls the timing of the control signal to enable a combination of one or more outputs at different times, including time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS), transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS), and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS).

2. The multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit all include an H-bridge structure and a current source, wherein: The H-bridge structure is connected to the current source; the current source is a high-side current source, and the H-bridge structure is an optocoupler-isolated H-bridge power drive circuit. The control unit controls each arm of the H-bridge structure to conduct alternately through two complementary PWM signals and is connected to a current source through a DAC circuit.

3. The multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The DAC circuit includes a first DAC circuit, a second DAC circuit, and a third DAC circuit, wherein the first DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the first H-bridge unit, the second DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the second H-bridge unit, and the third DAC circuit is connected to the current source of the third H-bridge unit.

4. The multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control unit includes a first MCU and a second MCU, wherein: The first MCU and the second MCU are communicatively connected; The first MCU is connected to the H-bridge structure in the first H-bridge unit and the H-bridge structure in the third H-bridge unit through a multiplexing unit, and the first MCU is connected to the current source in the first H-bridge unit through the first DAC circuit. The first MCU is connected to the H-bridge structure in the second H-bridge unit, and the first MCU is connected to the current source in the second H-bridge unit through the second DAC circuit; The first MCU is connected to the current source in the second H-bridge unit through the third DAC circuit; The second MCU is connected to the peripheral input module.

5. A multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The circuit of the current source includes: an input filtering unit, a voltage-to-current conversion unit, a power supply filtering and decoupling unit, and a power drive output unit; the input terminal of the input filtering unit is connected to an analog input signal, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit; the output terminal of the voltage-to-current conversion unit is connected to the input terminal of the power drive output unit, which is used to provide bias voltage for the H-bridge structure; the power supply filtering and decoupling unit is connected to each power supply terminal of the current source circuit and the common ground terminal respectively.

6. A multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The optocoupler-isolated H-bridge power drive circuit includes a first input control unit, a second input control unit, an isolation drive unit, an H-bridge power unit, and an output filter unit. The first and second input control units are symmetrically structured and are respectively connected to two external control signals. Their output terminals are connected to the primary side of the isolation drive unit. The output side of the isolation drive unit includes four independent optocoupler channels, which respectively drive the four bridge arm switches of the H-bridge power unit, achieving electrical isolation between the control side and the power side. The two output nodes of the H-bridge power unit are connected to the output filter unit for connecting external loads and providing filtering and noise reduction.

7. A multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The circuit for switching transcranial modulated electrical stimulation modes based on the aforementioned double-pole double-throw switch includes a double-pole double-throw contact switching unit, a tMCS electrode interface group, and an HD-tMCS electrode interface group. The differential stimulation signal output from the pre-stage H-bridge power unit can be synchronously switched to different electrode interface groups via the double-pole double-throw contact switching unit, thereby correspondingly realizing the mode switching between transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) and high-definition transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS).

8. A method for modulating multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation, based on the multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation circuit as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the multimodality includes: The time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output are characterized by: The control unit controls the first H-bridge unit and the second H-bridge unit to generate different time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) outputs respectively. The control unit controls the third H-bridge unit to generate transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output in conjunction with a double-pole double-throw switch; the drive signals of the first H-bridge unit and the third H-bridge unit are multiplexed by a multiplexing unit to generate the drive signal output from the control unit. Specifically, through the timing control of the control unit, a combination of one or more outputs can be generated at different times, including time-domain interference electrical stimulation (TIS) output, transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (tMCS) output, and high-precision transcranial modulated electrical stimulation (HD-tMCS) output.

9. A method for modulating multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The stimulation current output by the third H-bridge unit is a medium-frequency pulse current; By adjusting the output signal of the control unit, the output modes of the first H-bridge unit, the second H-bridge unit, and the third H-bridge unit are all set to three output modes: continuous output, intermittent output, and sparse output. Among them, continuous output means outputting a continuous electrical stimulation modulated current waveform according to a certain time and frequency, and intermittent output means outputting a modulated current waveform for a first preset time, then stopping the output, then outputting a modulated current waveform for a second preset time, and so on until the output mode is completed. The sparse-dense output is to output a modulated current waveform at a third preset time and a first signal frequency, and then output a modulated current waveform at a fourth preset time and a second signal frequency, and repeat until the output mode is completed; wherein, any one of the three output modes can be output alone or in combination.

10. A multimodal transcranial electrical stimulation modulation device, comprising a processor and a memory, characterized in that, The memory stores a program that can be executed by a processor, comprising the steps of the control method as described in any one of claims 8 to 9.

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