Door and window profile conveying and sorting device, door and window processing production line and sorting method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of door and window processing equipment, and proposes a door and window profile conveying and sorting device, a door and window processing production line and a sorting method. The excess material conveying mechanism comprises a lifting assembly arranged on a rack and a plurality of translation assemblies arranged on the lifting assembly. The drum conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of drums. Each translation assembly is arranged between two adjacent drums. The cooperation of the lifting assembly and the translation assembly can realize the conveying of the excess material on the basis that the position of the drum conveying mechanism remains unchanged. The two ends of the drum are arranged on the rack through drum support covers. The drum support covers are provided with stop blocks, which can realize the blocking and positioning of the profiles. The lifting mechanism does not need to be additionally arranged at the sorting station, which avoids the problem that the blocking of the low-height profiles by the blocking strips leads to the failure of normal detection and positioning, reduces the structural complexity, cost and maintenance difficulty, and improves the production quality and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of door and window processing equipment, and particularly relates to a door and window profile conveying and sorting device, a door and window processing production line and sorting method. Background Technology

[0002] In door and window processing production lines, profile conveying and sorting devices are used to classify, convey, and inspect finished profiles, semi-finished products, and scrap materials. Existing sorting lines typically use roller conveyor structures and inspection devices. To achieve scrap material recycling, a lifting mechanism is often added at the sorting station to partially raise the roller conveyor, allowing the scrap materials to fall into the recycling device. To prevent aluminum profiles from falling off the rollers during transport, existing conveying rollers are equipped with profile baffles and connecting mechanisms for blocking and positioning the profiles.

[0003] Adding lifting mechanisms, profile baffles, and connecting mechanisms to the sorting station not only increases the complexity, cost, and maintenance difficulty of the equipment structure, but also reduces the stability of the equipment. Furthermore, the profile baffles and connecting mechanisms obstruct low profiles, causing the detection device to be unable to detect some low profiles, which affects production quality and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a door and window profile conveying and sorting device, a door and window processing production line, and a sorting method. It eliminates the need for a lifting mechanism at the sorting station; by coordinating lifting and lateral movement, the height difference between the scrap material and the rollers is eliminated, allowing the scrap material to be automatically transported to the scrap material recycling device via a lateral component. This reduces structural complexity, cost, and maintenance difficulty. The improved roller support cover optimizes the roller installation structure, eliminating the obstruction of low-profile profiles by profile baffles. This avoids the problem of baffles obstructing low-profile profiles, preventing proper detection and positioning, further reducing structural complexity, cost, and maintenance difficulty, and improving production quality and efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a door and window profile conveying and sorting device, which adopts the following technical solution: A door and window profile conveying and sorting device includes a frame, a waste material conveying mechanism and a roller conveying mechanism disposed on the frame; The waste material conveying mechanism includes a lifting assembly mounted on the frame, and a plurality of translational assemblies mounted on the lifting assembly; The roller conveying mechanism includes multiple rollers, and each translation component is disposed between two adjacent rollers; both ends of the rollers are respectively disposed on the frame by roller support covers; the roller support cover includes a support cover base and a stop block disposed on the support cover base, and the stop block is provided with a second arc-shaped groove adapted to the roller.

[0006] Furthermore, the frame is also equipped with a detection mechanism and a code reading mechanism; the side of the frame is equipped with a waste material recycling mechanism, which includes a recycling box and a plurality of diagonal braces disposed in the recycling box, wherein the end of the diagonal brace closer to the frame is higher than the other end.

[0007] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes a base mounted on the frame, and a lifting component and a sleeve mounted on the base; the output end of the lifting component is provided with a connecting beam for connecting the translation assembly; a guide rod is provided on the connecting beam, and the guide rod is slidably disposed within the sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the translation assembly includes a drive member disposed on the connecting beam, a first transmission member connected to the drive member, a second transmission member perpendicularly connected to the first transmission member, a plurality of translation support members disposed on the connecting beam, a first pulley and a second pulley disposed at both ends of the translation support members, and a conveyor belt disposed between the first pulley and the second pulley; each first pulley is connected to the second transmission member via a rotating shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the roller conveying mechanism also includes a roller connecting seat connected to the frame, and the roller support cover is disposed on the roller connecting seat.

[0010] Furthermore, connecting blocks are respectively provided at both ends of the support cover base; a support cover side plate is provided between the support cover base and the stop block.

[0011] Furthermore, the support cover base is provided with a first arc-shaped groove, which is located between the two connecting blocks.

[0012] Furthermore, a first inclined surface is provided on the end face of the stop block away from the side plate of the support cover. The first inclined surface is inclined outward from one end close to the second arc-shaped groove to the other end. A second inclined surface is provided at both ends of the first inclined surface. The second inclined surface is inclined outward from one end close to the first inclined surface to the other end.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, in a second aspect, the present invention also provides a door and window processing production line, which adopts the following technical solution: A door and window processing production line includes a door and window profile conveying and sorting device, wherein the door and window profile conveying and sorting device includes a frame, a waste material conveying mechanism and a roller conveying mechanism disposed on the frame; The waste material conveying mechanism includes a lifting assembly mounted on the frame, and a plurality of translational assemblies mounted on the lifting assembly; The roller conveying mechanism includes multiple rollers, and each translation component is disposed between two adjacent rollers; both ends of the rollers are respectively disposed on the frame by roller support covers; the roller support cover includes a support cover base and a stop block disposed on the support cover base, and the stop block is provided with a second arc-shaped groove adapted to the roller.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, in a third aspect, the present invention also provides a method for conveying and sorting door and window profiles, employing the following technical solution: A method for conveying and sorting door and window profiles, using the door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in the first aspect, includes: The profiles are conveyed on the roller conveyor mechanism, and the blocks prevent the profiles from falling. When the profile is detected as scrap, the lifting component is activated to lift multiple translation components above the rollers, and the scrap is conveyed to the scrap recycling mechanism through the translation components.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The waste material conveying mechanism of this invention includes a lifting assembly mounted on a frame and multiple translational assemblies mounted on the lifting assembly. The roller conveying mechanism includes multiple rollers, with each translational assembly positioned between two adjacent rollers. Through the cooperation of the lifting assembly and the translational assemblies, waste material can be conveyed while maintaining the original position of the roller conveying mechanism. Both ends of the rollers are mounted on the frame via roller support covers, with stops on the roller support covers to block and position the profiles. This invention eliminates the need for a lifting mechanism at the sorting station. The combination of lowering and translating eliminates the height difference between the waste material and the rollers, allowing the waste material to be automatically conveyed to the waste material recycling device via the translational assemblies, reducing structural complexity, cost, and maintenance difficulty. The improved roller support covers optimize the roller installation structure, preventing the obstruction of low-profile profiles by the stop strips, which could hinder normal detection and positioning, further reducing structural complexity, cost, and maintenance difficulty, and improving production quality and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this embodiment, are used to provide a further understanding of this embodiment. The illustrative embodiments and their descriptions are used to explain this embodiment and do not constitute an improper limitation of this embodiment.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying and sorting device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the residual material conveying mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and translation components of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the roller conveyor mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the roller support cover according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the roller support cover according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view of the roller support cover according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the improved roller support cover and the unimproved roller support cover in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Among them, 1. Frame; 2. Waste material conveying mechanism; 21. Lifting assembly; 211. Base; 212. Lifting component; 213. Sleeve; 214. Guide rod; 22. Translation assembly; 221. Driving component; 222. First transmission component; 223. Second transmission component; 224. Rotating shaft; 225. First pulley; 226. Conveyor belt; 227. Second pulley; 228. Translation support component; 23. Connecting beam; 3. Roller conveyor mechanism; 31. 32. Roller connecting seat; 321. Roller support cover; 322. Support cover base; 323. First arc groove; 324. Connecting block; 325. Support cover side plate; 326. Stop block; 3251. First inclined surface; 3252. Second inclined surface; 327. Second arc groove; 33. Roller; 4. Waste material recycling mechanism; 41. Recycling box; 42. Diagonal brace; 5. Detection mechanism; 6. Code reading mechanism; 7. Profile; 8. Unimproved roller support cover. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0020] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a door and window profile conveying and sorting device, including a frame 1, and a scrap material conveying mechanism 2, a roller conveying mechanism 3, a detection mechanism 5, and a code reading mechanism 6, etc., installed on the frame 1; a scrap material recycling mechanism 4 is provided on the side of the frame 1.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, the waste material conveying mechanism 2 includes a lifting assembly 21 mounted on the frame 1, and a plurality of translational assemblies 22 mounted on the lifting assembly 21.

[0022] Optionally, four lifting components 21 are arranged in pairs at both ends of the connecting beam 23 to ensure the stability of the lifting action. When it is necessary to recycle the waste material, the lifting components 21 lift multiple translation components 22. During the upward movement of the translation components 22, the waste material is separated from the roller conveyor mechanism 3, and the bottom of the waste material exceeds the stop block 325. Then, the multiple translation components 22 operate simultaneously to transport the waste material to the waste material recycling mechanism 4 on the side. In this embodiment, there is no need to add a lifting mechanism at the sorting station. The difference in height between the waste material and the roller can be eliminated by the combination of lifting and translation actions, so that the waste material can be automatically transported to the waste material recycling device through the translation components, reducing the structural complexity, cost and maintenance difficulty.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the lifting assembly 21 includes a base 211 disposed on the frame 1, and a lifting member 212 and a sleeve 213 disposed on the base 211; the output end of the lifting member 212 is provided with a connecting beam 23 for connecting the translation assembly 22; a guide rod 214 is disposed on the connecting beam 23, and the guide rod 214 is slidably disposed in the sleeve 213.

[0024] The base 211 can be mounted on the frame 1 by welding or bolting; the lifting component 212 can be a cylinder, hydraulic telescopic device, electric telescopic device, or other telescopic component. During operation, the lifting component 212 actuates, lifting the connecting beam 23, which in turn drives multiple translational components 22 to rise. During the ascent of the connecting beam 23, the guide rod 214 slides circumferentially within the sleeve 213, ensuring the stability of the lifting action through guidance.

[0025] It should be noted that the connecting beam 23 is located outside the roller conveyor mechanism 3, or the maximum height of the connecting beam 23 is lower than the bottom of the roller conveyor mechanism 3, to avoid motion interference.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the translation component 22 includes a drive member 211 disposed on the connecting beam 23, a first transmission member 222 connected to the drive member 211, a second transmission member 223 perpendicularly connected to the first transmission member 222, a plurality of translation support members 228 disposed on the connecting beam 23, a first pulley 225 and a second pulley 227 disposed at both ends of the translation support member 228, and a conveyor belt 226 disposed between the first pulley 225 and the second pulley 227; each first pulley 225 is connected to the second transmission member 223 via a rotating shaft 224.

[0027] The driving component 211 can be a motor. The first transmission component 222 and the second transmission component 223 can be belt drive mechanisms, chain drive mechanisms, gear drive mechanisms, or other transmission mechanisms. The input end of the first transmission component 222 is connected to the output end of the driving component 211, and the output end of the first transmission component 222 is connected to the input end of the second transmission component 223. The output end of the second transmission component 223 is connected to the rotating shaft 224. For example, when the first transmission component 222 and the second transmission component 223 are belt drive mechanisms, the pulley at the input end of the first transmission component 222 is connected to the output shaft of the driving component 211, the pulley at the output end of the first transmission component 222 is fixedly connected to the pulley at the input end of the second transmission component 223 through a connecting shaft, the pulley at the output end of the second transmission component 223 is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft 224, and a conveyor belt is provided between the corresponding pulleys.

[0028] During operation, the output end of the drive member 211 rotates, driving the first transmission member 222 and the second transmission member 223 to move. The second transmission member 223 drives the rotating shaft 224 to rotate, thereby driving the first pulley 225 to rotate. The first pulley 225 drives the second pulley 227 and the conveyor belt 226 to move, thereby moving the residual material on the conveyor belt 226 to the residual material recycling mechanism 4.

[0029] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the roller conveying mechanism 3 includes multiple rollers 33, with each translation component 22 disposed between two adjacent rollers 33. Both ends of each roller 33 are mounted on the frame 1 via roller support covers 32. Each roller support cover 32 includes a support cover base 321 and a stop block 325 disposed on the support cover base 321. The stop block 325 has a second arc-shaped groove 326 adapted to the roller 33. The second arc-shaped groove 326 is spaced apart from the outer surface of the roller 33, thus not affecting the rotation of the roller 33. The roller conveying mechanism 3 also includes a roller connecting seat 31 connected to the frame 1, with the roller support cover 32 disposed on the roller connecting seat 31.

[0030] like Figure 8 As shown, compared to the unimproved roller support cover 8, the improved roller support cover 32 in this embodiment optimizes the roller installation structure, avoids the problem of the baffle strip blocking the low profile and causing it to be unable to be detected and positioned normally, further reduces the structural complexity, cost and maintenance difficulty, and improves production quality and efficiency.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, connecting blocks 323 are respectively provided at both ends of the support cover base 321; a support cover side plate 324 is provided between the support cover base 321 and the stop block 325 to protect the end of the roller 33. The connecting block 323 can be an insert block, which can be quickly connected to the preset insertion hole on the support cover base 321 by means of set screw assistance or other methods.

[0032] The support cover base 321 has a first arc-shaped groove 322, which is located between two connecting blocks 323. The first arc-shaped groove 322 can be connected and adapted to components such as bearings at the end of the roller 33; the roller 33 is connected to a drive device for driving the roller 33 to roll and transport the profile 7, which is conventional technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0033] Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the end face of the stop block 325 away from the support cover side plate 324 is provided with a first inclined surface 3251. The first inclined surface 3251 is inclined outward from one end close to the second arc-shaped groove 326 to the other end. The two ends of the first inclined surface 3251 are respectively provided with a second inclined surface 3252. The second inclined surface 3252 is inclined outward from one end close to the first inclined surface 3251 to the other end.

[0034] The first inclined surface 3251 and the second inclined surface 3252 are provided to buffer the profile 7 on the moving side, so as to avoid the phenomenon of increased friction after the profile 7 comes into contact with the side of the stop block 325 over a large area, thus ensuring the smooth transport of the profile 7 on the roller conveyor mechanism 3.

[0035] The side of the frame 1 is provided with a waste material recycling mechanism 4. The waste material recycling mechanism 4 includes a recycling box 41 and a plurality of diagonal supports 42 disposed within the recycling box 41. The end of the diagonal support 42 closest to the frame 1 is higher than the other end, which facilitates the collection of waste material. The frame 1 is also provided with a detection mechanism 5 and a code reading mechanism 6.

[0036] This embodiment adds a newly molded roller support cover, eliminating the need for a lifting mechanism at the sorting station. The height difference between the roller and the roller can be eliminated simply by a horizontal lifting mechanism with a belt conveyor, simplifying the equipment structure. This allows leftover materials to be automatically transported to the leftover material recycling structure 4 via the belt conveyor, reducing costs and maintenance difficulty. The roller support cover optimizes the roller installation structure, eliminating the obstruction of low profiles by the original profile baffle, allowing low profiles to be detected and positioned normally, further reducing costs and maintenance difficulty. It also improves the versatility and stability of the sorting line, reduces equipment failure rate, and increases production efficiency.

[0037] In one specific embodiment, the length, width and height of the roller support cover 32 are set to 50x36x35mm; the roller conveying mechanism 3 is composed of multiple rollers 33, with gaps formed between adjacent rollers 33, and the two ends of the rollers 33 are installed on the frame 1 through the roller support cover 32 (length x width x height: 50x36x35mm). This support cover optimizes the roller installation structure and eliminates the obstruction of the original aluminum profile baffle to the low profile.

[0038] The translation component 22 in the waste material conveying mechanism 2 is installed in the gap between the rollers 33 at the sorting station. The lifting component 21 can drive the translation component 22 to rise and fall, so that the translation component 22 can read the profile QR code through the code reading mechanism 6 within the gap of the rollers 33. When the translation component 22 rises and falls, if the QR code is read as waste material, the translation component 22 directly conveys the waste material to the end of the translation component 22 and enters the waste material recycling mechanism 4; if the QR code is read as finished aluminum profile, the translation component 22 descends, and the finished profile is blocked by the roller support cover 32 (length x width x height: 50x36x35mm), so that the finished profile is conveyed to the next station along the roller conveying mechanism 3.

[0039] In traditional technologies and devices, when low profiles are conveyed to the end of the sorting station, the height of the low profiles is lower than the height of the baffles, causing the detection mechanism 5 to be unable to detect the incoming aluminum profiles, resulting in disorder in the entire production line and bringing the entire production line to a standstill. Based on this, this embodiment uses an improved roller support cover 32 (length x width x height: 50x36x35mm) to remove the baffle mechanism. This ensures that the finished profiles do not fall out of the roller conveyor mechanism 3 during the conveying process, and also ensures that the low profiles are detected by the detection mechanism 5, thus ensuring the normal operation of the entire production line.

[0040] This embodiment solves the problem of low profiles being undetectable in the prior art by improving the roller support structure and reducing the residual material lifting mechanism. It has a simple structure, reduces the residual material lifting mechanism, has low cost and high stability, and is suitable for the sorting stage of various aluminum alloy door and window processing production lines.

[0041] Example 2: This embodiment provides a door and window processing production line, including the door and window profile conveying and sorting device described in Embodiment 1. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device includes a frame 1, a scrap material conveying mechanism 2 and a roller conveying mechanism 3 disposed on the frame 1. The waste material conveying mechanism 2 includes a lifting assembly 21 mounted on the frame 1, and a plurality of translational assemblies 22 mounted on the lifting assembly 21; The roller conveying mechanism 3 includes multiple rollers 33, and each translation component 22 is disposed between two adjacent rollers 33. The two ends of the rollers 33 are respectively disposed on the frame 1 through roller support covers 32. The roller support cover 32 includes a support cover base 321 and a stop block 325 disposed on the support cover base 321. The stop block 325 is provided with a second arc-shaped groove 326 adapted to the rollers 33.

[0042] Other mechanisms included in the door and window processing production line can be implemented using conventional technologies, and will not be detailed here.

[0043] Example 3: This embodiment provides a method for conveying and sorting door and window profiles, using the door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in Embodiment 1, including: Profile 7 is conveyed on roller conveyor mechanism 3, and stop block 325 prevents profile 7 from falling; when profile 7 is detected as surplus material, lifting component 21 is activated to lift multiple translation components 22 above roller 33, and the surplus material is conveyed to surplus material recycling mechanism 4 through translation components 22.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this practice and is not intended to limit the scope of this practice. Various modifications and variations can be made to this practice by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this practice should be included within the protection scope of this practice.

Claims

1. A door and window profile conveying and sorting device, characterized in that, It includes a frame (1), a waste material conveying mechanism (2) and a roller conveying mechanism (3) mounted on the frame (1); The residual material conveying mechanism (2) includes a lifting assembly (21) mounted on the frame (1) and a plurality of translation assemblies (22) mounted on the lifting assembly (21). The roller conveying mechanism (3) includes multiple rollers (33), and each translation component (22) is arranged between two adjacent rollers (33). The two ends of the rollers (33) are respectively arranged on the frame (1) through roller support covers (32). The roller support cover (32) includes a support cover base (321) and a stop block (325) arranged on the support cover base (321). The stop block (325) is provided with a second arc-shaped groove (326) adapted to the roller (33).

2. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (1) is also provided with a detection mechanism (5) and a code reading mechanism (6); the side of the frame (1) is provided with a waste material recycling mechanism (4), the waste material recycling mechanism (4) includes a recycling box (41) and a plurality of diagonal braces (42) provided in the recycling box (41), the diagonal braces (42) are higher at one end near the frame (1) than at the other end.

3. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting assembly (21) includes a base (211) disposed on the frame (1), and a lifting member (212) and a sleeve (213) disposed on the base (211); the output end of the lifting member (212) is provided with a connecting beam (23) for connecting the translation assembly (22); a guide rod (214) is disposed on the connecting beam (23), and the guide rod (214) is slidably disposed in the sleeve (213).

4. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The translation component (22) includes a drive member (211) disposed on the connecting beam (23), a first transmission member (222) connected to the drive member (211), a second transmission member (223) perpendicularly connected to the first transmission member (222), a plurality of translation support members (228) disposed on the connecting beam (23), a first pulley (225) and a second pulley (227) disposed at both ends of the translation support member (228), and a conveyor belt (226) disposed between the first pulley (225) and the second pulley (227); each first pulley (225) is connected to the second transmission member (223) via a rotating shaft (224).

5. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The roller conveying mechanism (3) further includes a roller connecting seat (31) connected to the frame (1), and the roller support cover (32) is disposed on the roller connecting seat (31).

6. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Connecting blocks (323) are provided at both ends of the support cover base (321); a support cover side plate (324) is provided between the support cover base (321) and the stop block (325).

7. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The support cover base (321) has a first arc-shaped groove (322) located between two connecting blocks (323).

8. The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The stop block (325) has a first inclined surface (3251) on its end face away from the support cover side plate (324). The first inclined surface (3251) is inclined outward from one end near the second arc groove (326) to the other end. The two ends of the first inclined surface (3251) are respectively provided with second inclined surfaces (3252). The second inclined surfaces (3252) are inclined outward from one end near the first inclined surface (3251) to the other end.

9. A door and window processing production line, characterized in that, The device includes a door and window profile conveying and sorting device, which includes a frame (1), a residual material conveying mechanism (2) and a roller conveying mechanism (3) mounted on the frame (1). The residual material conveying mechanism (2) includes a lifting assembly (21) mounted on the frame (1) and a plurality of translation assemblies (22) mounted on the lifting assembly (21). The roller conveying mechanism (3) includes multiple rollers (33), and each translation component (22) is arranged between two adjacent rollers (33). The two ends of the rollers (33) are respectively arranged on the frame (1) through roller support covers (32). The roller support cover (32) includes a support cover base (321) and a stop block (325) arranged on the support cover base (321). The stop block (325) is provided with a second arc-shaped groove (326) adapted to the roller (33).

10. A method for conveying and sorting door and window profiles, characterized in that, The door and window profile conveying and sorting device as described in any one of claims 1-8 includes: The profile (7) is conveyed on the roller conveyor mechanism (3), and the stop block (325) prevents the profile (7) from falling. When the profile (7) is detected as surplus material, the lifting component (21) is activated to lift multiple translation components (22) above the roller (33), and the surplus material is conveyed to the surplus material recycling mechanism (4) through the translation components (22).

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