Capillary evaporator
By designing a capillary structure in the evaporator, the liquid working fluid is spread into a thin liquid film under the action of capillaries, and the heat exchange is uniformly with the frozen return water in the return water pipeline, the problems of uneven heat and safety hazards in traditional evaporators are solved. , improves evaporation efficiency and safety performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420537959.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-03-19
AI Technical Summary
Traditional falling film evaporators have problems such as complex structure, uneven distribution of liquid film on the surface of the evaporator, poor operating stability, large refrigerant charge and uneven heating, resulting in safety hazards and low evaporation efficiency.
Design a capillary evaporator. The liquid working fluid continuously climbs and spreads into a thin liquid film under the action of the capillary structure, and performs uniform heat exchange with the frozen return water in the evaporator return pipe to avoid uneven heat or Local overheating.
The evaporator surface is achieved with high uniformity of heat and high evaporation efficiency, and the occurrence of safety hazards is avoided, which improves the safety performance of the evaporator.
Smart Images
Figure CN222165229U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of refrigeration, and more specifically, to a capillary evaporator. Background Art
[0002] Falling film evaporator is a highly efficient heat transfer equipment, mainly used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries. Its main function is to convert low-temperature, high-water content liquid substances into gaseous substances by evaporation. Traditional falling film evaporators usually contain components such as liquid distributors, baffles, exhaust channels, etc., and have problems such as complex structure, uneven distribution of liquid film on the evaporator surface, poor operating stability, and large refrigerant charge.
[0003] The prior art discloses a double capillary wick evaporator, comprising an upper end cover, a lower end cover, an upper capillary wick, a lower capillary wick, and a secondary wick; wherein the lower capillary wick and the upper capillary wick are arranged in a cavity formed by the lower end cover and the upper end cover, and are separated by a secondary wick; the upper capillary wick, the lower capillary wick and the secondary wick are sealed to form two symmetrical compensation cavities, and the secondary wick supplies liquid to the upper capillary wick; a plurality of longitudinal grooves are opened on the upper and lower capillary wicks to form upper and lower steam grooves; the upper and lower end covers are fixedly connected, and the space between the side walls of the upper and lower end covers forms a steam collecting cavity; the lower end cover is provided with a reflux liquid inlet, and a reflux pipe with an opening extends into the secondary wick hole through the inlet, and a steam outlet is provided on the side wall of the upper end cover. In this scheme, the lower surface of the evaporator is the heating surface. When working, the heating surface is directly attached to the heat load surface, absorbs heat by heat conduction, and transfers heat to the liquid working medium in the capillary wick through the fins. After the working medium vaporizes, it flows along the steam channel and flows to the condenser. The supercooled liquid passing through the condenser flows back to the secondary core under the action of capillary suction force and is absorbed by the upper and lower capillary wicks to supply liquid to the capillary wick. However, in this scheme, the bottom is the heating surface, the heating temperature is high, and the heating is uneven, which can easily cause the evaporator to dry out locally. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a capillary evaporator. Liquid working medium continuously rises under the capillary action and spreads into a thin liquid film on the surface of the capillary structure, which can exchange heat with the refrigerated return water in the evaporator return water pipeline, avoiding safety hazards caused by uneven heating or local overheating of the evaporator surface, and having high evaporation efficiency.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:
[0006] Provided is a capillary evaporator, comprising a water tank, an evaporator water return pipeline and a capillary structure, wherein the capillary structure is located in the water tank and the bottom of the capillary structure is in contact with a liquid working medium in the water tank, the liquid working medium in the water tank climbs along the surface of the capillary structure under the capillary action and spreads into a thin liquid film, the capillary structure is fixedly connected to the evaporator water return pipeline, and the thin liquid film spread on the surface of the capillary structure absorbs the heat of the refrigerated return water in the evaporator water return pipeline and evaporates.
[0007] When the capillary evaporator of the utility model is used, a liquid working medium is added to the water tank, and the liquid working medium climbs and spreads along the surface of the capillary structure under the capillary action, exchanges heat with the refrigerated return water, and the liquid working medium absorbs the heat of the refrigerated return water and evaporates, thereby cooling the refrigerated return water. In the utility model, the liquid working medium spreads on the surface of the capillary structure under the capillary action, and can evenly exchange heat with the refrigerated return water in the evaporator return water pipeline, thereby avoiding safety hazards caused by uneven heating of the capillary evaporator surface or local overheating, thereby improving safety performance.
[0008] Furthermore, it also includes an evaporator body, the evaporator return pipe is arranged in the evaporator body, and the capillary structure is arranged on the outer wall of the evaporator body. The evaporator return pipe is wrapped by the evaporator body, and the heat required for the evaporation of the thin liquid film spread on the surface of the capillary structure is supplied by the refrigerated return water. The thin liquid film can make the heat exchange on the evaporator surface more uniform.
[0009] Furthermore, the capillary structure includes a plurality of micro-channels arranged on the side wall of the evaporator body, and the bottom end of the micro-channel is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank. It should be noted that the shape of the micro-channel can be designed according to actual needs, and can be various shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped with an opening on the side wall, a triangular prism, a semi-cylindrical shape, etc.
[0010] Furthermore, the capillary structure includes a plurality of ribs, and the plurality of ribs are arranged at intervals on the outer wall of the evaporator body, and the micro-channel is formed between two adjacent ribs.
[0011] Furthermore, the capillary structure comprises a bottom layer and a top layer, the bottom layer is located between the side wall of the evaporator body and the top layer, and a plurality of the micro-grooves are arranged at intervals on the top layer.
[0012] Furthermore, the evaporator water return pipe is a serpentine tube, and the capillary structure is arranged on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube. The liquid working medium in the water tank climbs along the capillary structure and spreads on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube under the capillary action, and can directly conduct heat through the serpentine tube.
[0013] Furthermore, the capillary structure includes a plurality of capillary channels, and the plurality of capillary channels are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the serpentine tube, and the bottom of the capillary channels is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank.
[0014] Furthermore, the capillary structure includes a plurality of circular rings, and the plurality of circular rings are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the serpentine tube, and the capillary channel is formed between two adjacent circular rings.
[0015] Furthermore, the capillary structure comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is sleeved on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube, the outer layer is arranged on the outer periphery of the inner layer, and the capillary channels are arranged at intervals on the outer layer.
[0016] Furthermore, the capillary structure is a capillary porous membrane, and the bottom of the capillary porous membrane is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank. The capillary porous membrane can be a nanofiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane. During implementation, the liquid working medium in the water tank spreads in the capillary porous membrane under the capillary force generated by the capillary porous membrane and absorbs the heat of the chilled return water and then evaporates, thereby cooling the chilled return water.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the capillary evaporator of the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] The liquid working medium continuously rises under the capillary action and spreads into a thin liquid film on the surface of the capillary structure. The heat required for evaporation is supplied by the chilled return water in the evaporator return pipe. The evaporation surface is heated evenly, the evaporation efficiency is high, and the safety hazard caused by uneven heating of the evaporator surface or local overheating is avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the capillary evaporator in the first embodiment of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a capillary evaporator in Embodiment 2 of the present utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a capillary evaporator in Embodiment 3 of the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a capillary evaporator in Embodiment 4 of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a capillary evaporator in Embodiment 5 of the present utility model;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a capillary evaporator in Embodiment 6 of the present utility model;
[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a capillary evaporator in Embodiment 7 of the present utility model;
[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the capillary evaporator in Example 8 of the present utility model.
[0027] In the attached figure: 1-water tank; 2-evaporator return pipe; 3-evaporator body; 4-micro grooves; 5-ribs; 6-bottom layer; 7-top layer; 8-capillary grooves; 9-rings; 10-inner layer; 11-outer layer; 12-capillary porous membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. The drawings are only used for exemplary descriptions, and are only schematic diagrams, not actual pictures, and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the utility model, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.
[0029] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0030] Embodiment 1
[0031] A capillary evaporator, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a water tank 1, an evaporator return water pipeline 2 and a capillary structure. The capillary structure is located in the water tank 1 and the bottom of the capillary structure is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank 1. The liquid working medium in the water tank 1 climbs and spreads along the surface of the capillary structure under the capillary action. The capillary structure is fixedly connected to the evaporator return water pipeline 2, and the thin liquid film spread on the surface of the capillary structure exchanges heat with the chilled return water in the evaporator return water pipeline 2.
[0032] When the capillary evaporator is used, a liquid working medium is added to the water tank 1. The liquid working medium climbs and spreads along the surface of the capillary structure under the capillary action, and exchanges heat with the chilled return water in the evaporator return water pipe 2. The liquid working medium absorbs the heat of the chilled return water and evaporates, cooling the chilled return water. In the utility model, the liquid working medium spreads into a thin liquid film on the surface of the capillary structure under the capillary action, and can evenly exchange heat with the chilled return water in the evaporator return water pipe 2, avoiding safety hazards caused by uneven heating of the evaporator surface or local overheating, thereby improving safety performance;
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, it further includes an evaporator body 3. The evaporator return water pipeline 2 is arranged inside the evaporator body 3, and the capillary structure is arranged on the outer wall of the evaporator body 3. The evaporator body 3 wraps the evaporator return water pipeline 2, and the heat required for the evaporation of the thin liquid film spreading on the surface of the capillary structure is supplied by the chilled return water. The thin liquid film can make the heat transfer on the surface of the evaporator body 3 more uniform.
[0034] Capillary structures are arranged on both side walls of the evaporator body 3, which can increase the heat transfer area and improve the evaporation efficiency.
[0035] As Figure 1 shown, the capillary structure includes a number of microchannels 4 arranged on the side wall of the evaporator body 3, and the bottom end of the microchannels 4 is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank 1. Specifically, the liquid working medium is water. The microchannels 4 are cuboid-shaped and have a "匚"-shaped cross-section. The cross-sectional width of the microchannels 4 is 0.2 mm to 2 mm, and the depth is 0.08 mm to 0.1 mm, ensuring that the size of the microchannels 4 is smaller than the capillary length of water to ensure the normal occurrence of capillary phenomena. It should be noted that the shape of the microchannels 4 can be designed according to actual needs and can be various shapes such as triangular prism-shaped or semi-cylindrical with an open side wall.
[0036] In this embodiment, the microchannels 4 can be directly machined on the surface of the evaporator body 3 using a machining device.
[0037] Embodiment Two
[0038] This embodiment is similar to Embodiment One. The difference is that, as Figure 2 shown, the capillary structure includes a number of ribs 5. The number of ribs 5 is arranged at intervals on the outer wall of the evaporator body 3, and microchannels 4 are formed between adjacent two ribs 5. During implementation, the liquid working medium in the water tank 1 climbs and spreads along the microchannels 4 under the action of capillary force, evaporates after absorbing the heat of the chilled return water, and the liquid working medium in the water tank 1 can continuously climb and replenish along the microchannels 4 under the capillary action to achieve continuous evaporation.
[0039] Specifically, the ribs 5 are cuboid-shaped, and a number of ribs 5 are linearly stacked and arranged on the surface of the evaporator body 3. It should be noted that the ribs 5 in this embodiment can be set in different shapes according to actual needs.
[0040] Embodiment Three
[0041] This embodiment is similar to Embodiment One. The difference is that, as Figure 3As shown, the capillary structure includes a bottom layer 6 and a top layer 7, the bottom layer 6 is located between the side wall of the evaporator body 3 and the top layer 7, and a plurality of micro-channels 4 are arranged at intervals on the top layer 7. Specifically, the bottom layer 6 is bonded to the evaporator body 3, the thickness of the bottom layer 6 is 1 mm to 3 mm, and the raw material of the bottom layer 6 can be consistent with the evaporator body 3. During implementation, the liquid working medium in the water tank 1 continuously climbs and spreads along the micro-channels 4 under the action of capillary force, absorbs the heat of the chilled return water and evaporates, thereby cooling the chilled return water.
[0042] Embodiment 4
[0043] This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, except that Figure 4 As shown, the capillary structure is a capillary porous membrane 12, and the bottom of the capillary porous membrane 12 is in contact with the liquid medium in the water tank 1. Specifically, the capillary porous membrane 12 can be a nanofiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane. During implementation, the liquid medium in the water tank 1 spreads in the capillary porous membrane 12 under the capillary force generated by the capillary porous membrane 12 and absorbs the heat of the frozen return water before evaporating.
[0044] Embodiment 5
[0045] This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, except that Figure 5 As shown, the evaporator return water pipe 2 is a serpentine tube, and the capillary structure is arranged on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube. The liquid working medium in the water tank 1 climbs along the capillary structure and spreads on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube under the capillary action, and can directly conduct heat through the serpentine tube.
[0046] Mao Ru Figure 5 As shown, the fine structure includes a plurality of capillary channels 8, which are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the serpentine tube, and the bottom of the capillary channels 8 is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank 1. During implementation, the liquid working medium climbs along the capillary channels 8 under the capillary action, absorbs the heat of the chilled return water in the serpentine tube, and realizes the cooling of the chilled return water, and the liquid working medium evaporates after absorbing heat, and the liquid working medium can continuously climb under the capillary action to realize continuous evaporation.
[0047] In this embodiment, the capillary channel 8 can be directly machined and formed on the surface of the serpentine tube by using a mechanical processing device.
[0048] Embodiment 6
[0049] This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, except that Figure 6As shown, the capillary structure includes a plurality of circular rings 9, which are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the serpentine tube, and a capillary channel 8 is formed between two adjacent circular rings 9. Specifically, the plurality of circular rings 9 are linearly stacked and arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the serpentine tube. During implementation, the liquid working medium in the water tank 1 climbs and spreads along the capillary channel 8 under the action of capillary force, absorbs the heat of the chilled return water and evaporates, and the liquid working medium in the water tank 1 can climb and replenish along the capillary channel 8 continuously under the capillary action to achieve cooling of the chilled return water.
[0050] Embodiment 7
[0051] This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, except that Figure 7 As shown, the capillary structure includes an inner layer 10 and an outer layer 11, the inner layer 10 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube, the outer layer 11 is arranged on the outer periphery of the inner layer 10, and the capillary channels 8 are arranged at intervals in the outer layer 11. Specifically, the inner layer 10 is bonded to the serpentine tube, the thickness of the inner layer 10 is 1mm to 3mm, and the raw material of the inner layer 10 can be consistent with the raw material of the serpentine tube. During implementation, the liquid working medium in the water tank 1 continuously climbs and spreads along the capillary channels 8 under the action of capillary force, absorbs the heat of the chilled return water and evaporates, thereby cooling the chilled return water.
[0052] Embodiment 8
[0053] This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, except that Figure 8 As shown, the capillary structure is a capillary porous membrane 12, and the bottom of the capillary porous membrane 12 keeps in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank 1. Specifically, the capillary porous membrane 12 can be a nanofiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane. During implementation, the liquid working medium in the water tank 1 spreads in the capillary porous membrane 12 under the capillary force generated by the capillary porous membrane 12 and absorbs the heat of the chilled return water and then evaporates, thereby cooling the chilled return water.
[0054] In the specific contents of the above-mentioned specific implementation methods, the various technical features can be combined in any non-contradictory manner. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the above-mentioned technical features are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0055] Obviously, the above embodiments of the utility model are only examples for clearly explaining the utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the utility model.
Claims
1. A capillary evaporator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a water tank (1), an evaporator water return pipeline (2) and a capillary structure, wherein the capillary structure is located in the water tank (1) and the bottom of the capillary structure is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank (1); the liquid working medium in the water tank (1) climbs and spreads along the surface of the capillary structure under the capillary action; the capillary structure is fixedly connected to the evaporator water return pipeline (2); the liquid working medium spread on the surface of the capillary structure exchanges heat with the chilled return water in the evaporator water return pipeline (2).
2. The capillary evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that It also comprises an evaporator body (3), the evaporator water return pipeline (2) is arranged in the evaporator body (3), and the capillary structure is arranged on the outer wall of the evaporator body (3).
3. The capillary evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The capillary structure comprises a plurality of micro-channels (4) arranged on the side wall of the evaporator body (3), and the bottom ends of the micro-channels (4) are in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank (1).
4. The capillary evaporator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The capillary structure comprises a plurality of ribs (5), wherein the plurality of ribs (5) are arranged at intervals on the outer wall of the evaporator body (3), and the micro-channel (4) is formed between two adjacent ribs (5).
5. The capillary evaporator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The capillary structure comprises a bottom layer (6) and a top layer (7), wherein the bottom layer (6) is located between the side wall of the evaporator body (3) and the top layer (7), and a plurality of micro-channels (4) are arranged at intervals on the top layer (7).
6. The capillary evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporator water return pipeline (2) is a serpentine tube, and the capillary structure is arranged on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube.
7. The capillary evaporator according to claim 6, characterized in that The capillary structure comprises a plurality of capillary channels (8), wherein the plurality of capillary channels (8) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the serpentine tube, and the bottom of the capillary channels (8) is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank (1).
8. The capillary evaporator according to claim 7, characterized in that The capillary structure comprises a plurality of circular rings (9), wherein the plurality of circular rings (9) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the serpentine tube, and the capillary channel (8) is formed between two adjacent circular rings (9).
9. The capillary evaporator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The capillary structure comprises an inner layer (10) and an outer layer (11); the inner layer (10) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the serpentine tube; the outer layer (11) is arranged on the outer periphery of the inner layer (10); and the capillary channels (8) are arranged at intervals on the outer layer (11).
10. The capillary evaporator according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that: The capillary structure is a capillary porous membrane (12), and the bottom of the capillary porous membrane (12) is in contact with the liquid working medium in the water tank (1).