Thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and energy storage equipment, and mainly solves the problem of potential safety hazards caused by thermal runaway of an existing lithium battery. A liquid treatment tank of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is connected with a liquid inlet pipeline, the liquid inlet pipeline is used for introducing external water into the liquid treatment tank, and solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by water to form an alkali solution. When the battery works normally, only solid alkali is placed in the liquid treatment tank, the requirement of the solid alkali on the material of the liquid treatment tank is not high, so that the manufacturing cost of the device is relatively low, meanwhile, only solid alkali is placed in the liquid treatment tank, the weight of the whole liquid treatment tank is small, and the liquid treatment tank is very convenient to mount and dismount. When the thermal runaway of the battery occurs, the liquid inlet pipeline introduces external water into the liquid treatment tank to form an alkali solution, and the alkali solution effectively treats the thermal runaway flue gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and in particular relates to a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and energy storage equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of lithium batteries such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance and low self-discharge rate, they have gradually become the mainstream product of energy storage.

[0003] With the widespread adoption of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Due to the high concentration of battery modules in energy storage devices, factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical impact can easily cause battery separator collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway.

[0004] When a lithium battery experiences complete thermal runaway, its internal temperature reaches as high as 500-1000°C. The gases generated during thermal runaway increase the internal pressure of the battery, causing the battery casing to expand and rupture. Eventually, the explosion vent membrane opens, spraying and releasing the evaporated electrolyte and reaction gases inside the battery, forming thermal runaway flue gas. This thermal runaway flue gas contains combustibles such as electrolyte, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene, and these combustibles account for a large proportion of the thermal runaway flue gas. When the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged from the battery casing, the combustibles come into contact with air, easily igniting and, in severe cases, causing explosions, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway of existing lithium batteries, the utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and energy storage equipment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present utility model is:

[0007] A thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes at least one liquid treatment tank; the liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet connected to its inner cavity, and the liquid treatment tank is filled with solid alkali; the liquid treatment tank is connected to a liquid inlet pipeline, which is used to introduce external water into the liquid treatment tank. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by water to form an alkaline solution, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0008] Furthermore, a control valve and a flow meter are provided on the liquid inlet pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, the solid base is solid sodium hydroxide, and the ratio of solid sodium hydroxide to water is 2g to 10g of solid sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1L of water.

[0010] Furthermore, the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are both arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank, the flue gas inlet is connected to a smoke inlet pipe, at least a portion of the smoke inlet pipe can be immersed in the alkaline solution, and a diversion part is provided at the end of the smoke inlet pipe immersed in the alkaline solution.

[0011] Furthermore, a spiral baffle is provided on the smoke inlet pipe or a plurality of baffles are provided on the smoke inlet pipe to increase the distance that the thermal runaway flue gas passes through in the liquid treatment tank.

[0012] Furthermore, there are multiple liquid treatment tanks, and a three-way valve is provided on the flue gas outlet of each liquid treatment tank. The first port of the three-way valve is connected to the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank, the second port is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas, and the third port is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline, and each liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the manifold.

[0013] Furthermore, there are multiple liquid processing tanks, and the liquid inlet pipeline of each liquid processing tank is arranged on the side wall of the tank body of the liquid processing tank, and each liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the manifold.

[0014] The present invention also provides an energy storage device, which includes multiple battery modules, a temperature control system, a fire protection system, and any of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment devices described above.

[0015] Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the fire fighting pipeline of the fire fighting system, and the liquid inlet pipeline introduces the fire fighting water in the fire fighting pipeline into the liquid treatment tank, and the solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by the fire fighting water to form an alkaline solution.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the temperature control pipeline of the temperature control system, and the liquid inlet pipeline introduces the cooling water in the temperature control pipeline into the liquid treatment tank, and the solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0017] Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline is used to be connected to the liquid inlet pipeline in the temperature control pipeline.

[0018] Compared with the existing technology, the technical solution of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided by the present invention has a liquid inlet pipeline reserved on the liquid treatment tank. The liquid inlet pipeline is used to introduce external water into the liquid treatment tank before the battery is about to experience thermal runaway. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by the external water to form an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution treats the thermal runaway flue gas. When the battery is working normally, only solid alkali is placed in the liquid treatment tank. The corrosive damage of the solid alkali to the liquid treatment tank is relatively small. Therefore, the material requirements for the liquid treatment tank are not high, and the production cost of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is also relatively low. At the same time, since only solid alkali is placed in the liquid treatment tank, the weight of the entire liquid treatment tank is relatively small. When the energy storage device is assembled and repaired, the liquid treatment tank is very easy to install and disassemble. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the liquid inlet pipeline will introduce external water into the liquid treatment tank to form an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution formed at this time will not precipitate or the like, and the treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas is better.

[0020] 2. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this utility model, a control valve is installed on the liquid inlet pipeline. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the control valve opens, immediately connecting the liquid inlet pipeline with an external pipeline filled with water. The water in the external pipeline is promptly introduced into the liquid treatment tank to form an alkaline solution, thereby promptly treating the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, a flow meter is also installed on the liquid inlet pipeline to control the volume of water entering the liquid treatment tank, so that the alkaline solution in the liquid treatment tank forms an alkaline solution of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L. This concentration of alkaline solution is more effective in treating thermal runaway flue gas.

[0021] 3. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present invention, the solid alkali is solid sodium hydroxide, which is dissolved by external water to form a NaOH solution. The NaOH solution can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, but also treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment with the NaOH solution is greatly reduced.

[0022] 4. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present invention, the flue gas inlet and outlet on the liquid treatment tank are both located at the top of the liquid treatment tank, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. At the same time, a smoke inlet pipeline is provided in the liquid treatment tank, at least a portion of which can be submerged in an alkaline solution, enabling the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact the alkaline solution. At the same time, a diversion portion is provided at one end of the smoke inlet pipeline submerged in the alkaline solution. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank, the diversion portion breaks up and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas before reacting with the alkaline solution in the liquid treatment tank, allowing the thermal runaway flue gas to more fully contact and react with the alkaline solution, thereby improving the alkaline solution treatment effect and making the thermal runaway flue gas treatment more thorough.

[0023] 5. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present invention, a spiral baffle or multiple baffles are provided on the smoke inlet pipe. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank, the spiral baffle or multiple baffles increase the stroke of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can more fully contact and react with the alkaline solution, further improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution.

[0024] 6. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present invention, the liquid treatment tank is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline through a three-way valve. This method does not require structural changes to the existing liquid treatment tank. It only requires the installation of a three-way valve on the flue gas outlet, which can reduce the production cost of the liquid treatment tank.

[0025] 7. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present invention, the liquid inlet pipeline is used to connect to the firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline, thereby introducing the firefighting water and cooling water in the firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline into the liquid treatment tank to form an alkaline solution. The firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline is already existing in the energy storage device or at the energy storage device's site of use. Connecting the liquid inlet pipeline to the firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline eliminates the need for an additional liquid inlet pipeline, facilitating the connection of the entire pipeline system and further reducing the production cost of the energy storage device.

[0026] 8. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present invention, the liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline in the temperature control pipeline. The temperature of the cooling water in the liquid inlet pipeline is relatively low after cooling. After it is introduced into the liquid treatment tank to form an alkaline solution, the temperature of the alkaline solution is also relatively low. The alkaline solution with a lower temperature can better cool the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the temperature of the treated thermal runaway flue gas is lower, reducing the possibility of combustion after it is discharged.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 3 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid treatment tank (with the liquid inlet pipeline omitted) in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 4 2 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid treatment tank (including the spiral baffle) in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 5 4 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid treatment tank (including the baffle) in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 2.

[0035] Figure numerals: 1-liquid treatment tank, 2-control valve, 3-flow meter, 4-manifold, 5-three-way valve, 11-flue gas inlet, 12-flue gas outlet, 13-liquid inlet pipeline, 14-connecting pipeline, 15-smoke inlet pipeline, 16-diversion part, 17-spiral baffle, 18-baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the above-mentioned purposes, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The phrases "in other embodiments" appearing in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor do they refer to separate or selective embodiments that are mutually exclusive with other embodiments. The terms "first" and "second" in this specification are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being described. In the description of this utility model, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0038] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate component, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on specific circumstances.

[0039] At the same time, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "top, bottom, inside and outside" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] Existing energy storage equipment primarily consists of an energy storage enclosure, battery cluster, battery management system (BMS), temperature control system, and fire protection system. A battery cluster includes multiple cells tightly packed within the energy storage enclosure. Due to the high concentration of cells within the enclosure, factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical impact can easily cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway.

[0041] Research shows that when a lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, a series of chemical reactions occur inside it, releasing large amounts of heat and gas. These reactions include: SEI film decomposition (90-120°C), reaction between the negative electrode and the electrolyte (100-350°C), electrolyte decomposition (110-300°C), separator shrinkage and melting (>130°C), reaction between the positive electrode and the electrolyte (200-300°C), and binder decomposition (200-300°C). These reactions do not occur in a fixed order, nor do they proceed independently.

[0042] The thermal runaway flue gas discharged by lithium-ion battery mainly includes the following components: vaporized electrolyte, CO2, CO, H2, C x H y 、C x H y O z 、C x H y F, POF3, and HF, among others. This thermal runaway flue gas contains not only gases like hydrogen, CO, CO2, and methane, but also a large amount of electrolyte vapor. The vaporized electrolyte not only reacts with the positive or negative electrodes in the battery cavity but also undergoes a series of decomposition reactions itself, further producing large amounts of harmful and flammable gases. Once exhausted, this thermal runaway flue gas is susceptible to combustion upon contact with air, and in severe cases, can cause explosions, posing a safety hazard.

[0043] Based on this, the utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one liquid treatment tank. When the battery is working normally, there is only solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank, and the solid alkali has little corrosive damage to the liquid treatment tank. Therefore, the material requirements for the liquid treatment tank are not high, which makes the production cost of the liquid treatment tank relatively low. At the same time, since only solid alkali is placed in the liquid treatment tank, the weight of the entire liquid treatment tank is relatively small. When the energy storage equipment is assembled and repaired, the liquid treatment tank with a small weight is very convenient for installation and disassembly. When the battery is about to have a thermal runaway, the liquid inlet pipeline will introduce external water into the liquid treatment tank to dissolve the solid alkali to form an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution formed at this time will not precipitate or the like, and can fully treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas is better.

[0044] In addition, the present invention can also have another implementation method: the liquid treatment tank of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device directly stores an alkaline solution, which treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway battery to reduce the harmfulness of the discharged thermal runaway flue gas. However, compared with the above method, this method has the following disadvantages:

[0045] First, the possibility of thermal runaway in the battery modules of the energy storage device is very small. Most thermal runaway flue gas treatment devices do not operate during the entire service life of the energy storage device. The alkaline solution stored in the liquid treatment tank for a long time is corrosive to the liquid treatment tank. In this case, the liquid treatment tank must be made of corrosion-resistant materials, which increases the production cost of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device.

[0046] Second, after the alkaline solution is placed in the liquid treatment tank for a long time, precipitation and other phenomena will occur, affecting the treatment effect of thermal runaway flue gas;

[0047] Third, the liquid treatment tank storing the alkaline solution is heavy, which makes it very inconvenient to operate during the installation and maintenance of the energy storage equipment.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided in this embodiment includes at least one liquid treatment tank 1, which is provided with a flue gas inlet 11 and a flue gas outlet 12 connected to its inner cavity, and the liquid treatment tank 1 is filled with solid alkali; at the same time, the liquid treatment tank 1 is connected to a liquid inlet pipeline 13, which introduces external water into the liquid treatment tank 1 when the battery is about to thermal runaway. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank 1 is dissolved by the external water to form an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway battery.

[0050] In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device described above, the number of liquid treatment tanks 1 can be set according to the number of batteries and demand. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 1, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 1 can be connected in series via a connecting pipe 14. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 1 is not limited and can be rectangular, circular, or elliptical. A circular tank is preferably used because it has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the liquid treatment tank 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 11 and a flue gas outlet 12. The flue gas inlet 11 is used to input the thermal runaway flue gas into the liquid treatment tank 1, and the flue gas outlet 12 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas. When the flue gas inlet 11 is specifically set, it can be set at the top of the liquid treatment tank 1, or it can be set at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 1. In order to facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 1, it is preferred to set the flue gas inlet 11 and the flue gas outlet 12 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 1. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 1 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 14 can adopt a metal bellows. After the metal bellows are connected, each liquid treatment tank 1 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space to meet various installation requirements and save installation space.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the liquid inlet pipeline 13 in this embodiment is specifically connected to the liquid treatment tank 1 through a three-way valve 5. When specifically connected, a three-way valve 5 is installed on the smoke outlet 12 of each liquid treatment tank 1. The three-way valve 5 can specifically be a three-way ball valve, etc. The first port of the three-way valve 5 is connected to the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 1, the second port is used to discharge the thermal runaway smoke, and the third port is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline 13. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 1, the liquid inlet pipeline 13 of each liquid treatment tank 1 is connected to the manifold 4, and the external water is uniformly transported through the manifold 4. The liquid treatment tank 1 in this embodiment is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline 13 through the three-way valve 5. This connection method does not require structural changes to the existing liquid treatment tank 1. It only requires installing a three-way valve 5 on the smoke outlet 12 of the existing liquid treatment tank and connecting the liquid inlet pipeline 13 to the three-way valve 5. This connection method can reduce the manufacturing cost of the liquid treatment tank.

[0053] The liquid inlet pipe 13 in this embodiment is used to connect to the fire-fighting pipe. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the fire-fighting water in the fire-fighting pipe is introduced into the liquid treatment tank 1. At this time, the solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank 1 is dissolved by the fire-fighting water to form an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution treats the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas, so as to achieve effective treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas and reduce the hazards caused by its discharge.

[0054] The fire-fighting pipeline can be a fire-fighting pipeline used for fire extinguishing in the energy storage device, or a fire-fighting pipeline at the site where the energy storage device is used. The fire-fighting pipeline is connected to a fire-fighting pool or a fire hydrant to fill the fire-fighting pipeline with water.

[0055] After the fire protection line and the liquid inlet line 13 are connected, an internal control valve 2 must be installed on the fire protection line or the liquid inlet line 13. This control valve 2 is a normally closed valve. When the battery is operating normally, the fire protection water in the fire protection line and the liquid inlet line 13 are disconnected by the control valve. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the control valve 2 is opened, and the water in the fire protection line enters the liquid treatment tank 1 through the liquid inlet line 13. At this time, the solid alkali dissolves in the water, forming an alkaline solution.

[0056] The opening requirements of the above-mentioned control valve 2 are as follows: when the battery is about to have thermal runaway, or when thermal runaway has occurred, the control valve 2 is opened. The control valve 2 generally adopts an automatic control valve, which is mainly opened by the sensor in the BMS system or the energy storage device. When opened by the BMS system, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the battery in the energy storage device in real time. When the voltage, current and temperature of the battery exceed the threshold, the control valve 2 opens. When opened by the sensor, the sensor is a sensor for detecting temperature, pressure, and gas, such as a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor or a smoke sensor, etc. The above-mentioned sensor is arranged in the energy storage box or in the battery module to monitor the temperature, pressure, combustible gas, etc. in real time. When the value monitored by the sensor exceeds the threshold, the control valve 2 opens.

[0057] Furthermore, when installing the control valve 2, it is preferably installed on the liquid inlet pipe 13. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, since the firefighting pipe is filled with firefighting water, the control valve 2 can immediately direct the firefighting water from the firefighting pipe into the liquid treatment tank 1 to form an alkaline solution, thereby promptly treating the thermal runaway flue gas. If the control valve 2 is installed on the firefighting pipe, after the control valve 2 is opened, the water in the firefighting pipe may need to pass through a section of the empty firefighting pipe before entering the liquid treatment tank 1. This will cause a certain time delay for the water in the firefighting pipe to enter the liquid treatment tank 1, which may pose a risk of untimely treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0058] After the fire water in the fire-fighting pipeline is introduced into the liquid treatment tank 1, the liquid treatment tank 1 is filled with solid alkali, and the fire-fighting water dissolves the solid alkali to form an alkaline solution. The solid alkali is generally solid sodium hydroxide, solid potassium hydroxide, solid barium hydroxide, etc., which, after being dissolved in the fire-fighting water, forms alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, and barium hydroxide solution. The above alkaline solution can not only react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases and combustible gases, but also treat the thermal runaway flue gas to a certain extent at the source. The alkaline solution also has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of some gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. In addition, the alkaline solution can also cool the thermal runaway flue gas to reduce the possibility of combustion after it is discharged.

[0059] For alkaline solutions, generally speaking, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution with this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or above. Therefore, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and a low-concentration alkaline solution is used to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve more effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0060] The following uses NaOH solution as an example of an alkaline solution to conduct a large number of battery thermal runaway tests. After horizontally comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was the smallest after being treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the effect was significant after being treated with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the best effect was achieved after being treated with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0061] Table 1 Unprocessed full-charge 32650 battery out-of-control data

[0062]

[0063] Table 2 Treatment results of different concentrations of NaOH solution

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and acidic substances such as HF in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR+NaOH=RCOONa+CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O; subsequently, CO2 will also react: Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3+2NaOH=NaPF2O2+NaF+H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH+HF=NaF+H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced.

[0067] Based on the above test data, the collected gas volume from a fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway is 4L when untreated. When the gas is passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher, the collected gas volume is generally greater than 2L, indicating unsatisfactory treatment results. After passing the gas through a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the gas volume is relatively small, generally below 2L. Treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH produces significant results, and treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH produces the smallest collected gas volume, approximately 1L, achieving the best results. Therefore, a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is highly effective for treating thermal runaway gas from batteries.

[0068] Based on the above test results, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a flowmeter 3 is also installed on the liquid inlet pipeline 13. This flowmeter 3 controls the volume of fire water entering each liquid treatment tank 1, so that the solid alkali dissolves in the fire water to form an alkaline solution of a certain concentration. The flowmeter 3 can be installed simultaneously with the control valve 2 on the liquid inlet pipeline. When the volume of fire water entering the liquid treatment tank 1 reaches the set value, the flowmeter 3 closes the control valve 2. Based on the above test structure, the ratio of the mass of solid alkali in each liquid treatment tank 1 to the volume of fire water entering each liquid treatment tank 1 is as follows: 2g to 10g of solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 1L of water.

[0069] In addition, in order to allow the alkaline solution formed in the liquid treatment tank 1 to fully treat the thermal runaway flue gas, the following structural optimization can be performed on the liquid treatment tank 1:

[0070] like Figure 3As shown, after the flue gas inlet 11 is positioned at the top of the liquid treatment tank 1, a flue gas inlet pipe 15 is connected to the flue gas inlet 11 to ensure full contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the alkaline solution within the liquid treatment tank 1. At least a portion of the flue gas inlet pipe 15 is submerged in the alkaline solution. Optimally, the flue gas inlet pipe 15 extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 1, allowing it to be completely submerged in the alkaline solution. As the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 1, it comes into full contact with the alkaline solution within the tank 1, effectively treating the thermal runaway flue gas with the alkaline solution, thereby enhancing the alkaline solution's treatment effectiveness.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, a diversion portion 16 can also be provided at one end of the smoke inlet pipe 15 immersed in the alkaline solution. The diversion portion 16 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the alkaline solution in the liquid treatment tank 1, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters in a large flow and exits in a small flow, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the alkaline solution are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution. In this embodiment, the diversion portion 16 is a foam copper column, which is easy to install and has a better dispersion and diversion effect. When the foam copper column is specifically installed, it is fixed to the port of the smoke inlet pipe 15 at one end immersed in the alkaline solution. Foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the smoke inlet pipe 15, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas after diversion is fully in contact with the alkaline solution.

[0072] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in order to further allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully react with the alkaline solution, a spiral baffle 17 is provided on the above-mentioned smoke inlet pipe 15, or a plurality of baffles 18 are provided on the smoke inlet pipe 15. The spiral baffle 17 or the plurality of baffles 18 increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 1, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can more fully contact with the alkaline solution. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 11 of the liquid treatment tank 1, then enters the bottom of the alkaline solution through the smoke inlet pipe 15, and then is broken up by the foam copper column. Then, during the process of rising from the bottom, the spiral baffle 17 or the plurality of baffles 18 will allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact with the alkaline solution in the liquid treatment tank 1, thereby performing corresponding treatment. During the specific connection, the spiral baffle 17 can be fixed on the smoke inlet pipe 15. The baffles 18 are semicircular baffles, and a plurality of baffles 18 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top and are respectively fixed on the smoke inlet pipes 15 , and adjacent baffles 18 are installed in a staggered manner.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] like Figure 6As shown, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is similar to the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 13 of the liquid treatment tank 1 is used to connect with the temperature control pipe, and the cooling water in the temperature control pipe is introduced into the liquid treatment tank 1. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank 1 is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0075] To ensure reliable battery operation, existing energy storage devices are equipped with a temperature control system. This system typically delivers coolant, treated by a chiller or other device, to the battery accessories via a temperature-controlled pipeline, controlling the battery temperature and ensuring operation within an optimal temperature range. This temperature-controlled system typically uses cooling water as the coolant. In this case, the temperature-controlled pipeline of the temperature-controlled system can be connected to the liquid inlet pipeline 13 of the liquid treatment tank 1. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the cooling water in the temperature-controlled pipeline is introduced into the liquid treatment tank 1. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank 1 is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0076] In this embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 13 is typically connected to the liquid inlet pipe in the temperature control pipe. This connection has the advantage that the cooling water in the liquid inlet pipe is cooled by a chiller or other device at a relatively low temperature. When the cooling water is introduced into the liquid treatment tank 1 to form an alkaline solution, the temperature of the alkaline solution is also relatively low. The low-temperature alkaline solution effectively cools the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby lowering the temperature of the treated thermal runaway flue gas and reducing the possibility of combustion after exhaust.

[0077] like Figure 6 As shown, the connection between the liquid treatment tank 1 and the liquid inlet pipe 13 in this embodiment is slightly different. In this embodiment, an opening is machined on the side wall of the liquid treatment tank 1 to communicate with the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 1. The liquid inlet pipe 13 is then mounted on this opening by welding or threading. However, compared to the connection method in Example 1, this connection method requires re-manufacturing the liquid treatment tank 1.

[0078] Similar to Example 1, if there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 1 in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, multiple liquid inlet pipelines 13 can also be connected to a manifold 4, and the manifold 4 is connected to the temperature control pipeline.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] This embodiment provides an energy storage device, which primarily includes an energy storage box, a battery cluster, a battery management system (BMS), a temperature control system, and a fire protection system. The battery cluster includes multiple battery modules, each tightly packed within the energy storage box. Based on the aforementioned structure, the energy storage device in this embodiment also includes the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of Example 1 or Example 2.

[0081] The liquid inlet pipe in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is connected to the firefighting pipe of the firefighting system. The liquid inlet pipe introduces firefighting water from the firefighting pipe into the liquid treatment tank. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by the firefighting water to form an alkaline solution. Alternatively, the liquid inlet pipe in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is connected to the temperature control pipe of the temperature control system. The liquid inlet pipe introduces cooling water from the temperature control pipe into the liquid treatment tank. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0082] In addition, the energy storage device in this embodiment also includes a fire protection system and a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device can lead out the thermal runaway flue gas of the thermal runaway battery and then treat it to avoid the thermal runaway flue gas from accumulating in the battery housing. At the same time, after the thermal runaway flue gas is led out and treated, it can avoid the occurrence of thermal runaway of other batteries due to heat diffusion when individual batteries are in thermal runaway. When there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box or the battery burns or explodes, the fire protection system prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from causing an open flame or extinguishes the battery that has already caught fire. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the fire protection system cooperate to provide safety protection for the batteries of the entire energy storage device, thereby improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, characterized in that: including at least one liquid handling tank; The liquid treatment tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicated with its inner cavity, and the liquid treatment tank is filled with solid alkali; The liquid treatment tank is connected with a liquid inlet pipeline, which is used to introduce external water into the liquid treatment tank. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by water to form an alkaline solution, which is used to treat thermal runaway flue gas.

2. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid inlet pipeline is provided with a control valve and a flow meter.

3. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solid alkali is solid sodium hydroxide, and the ratio of solid sodium hydroxide to water is 2g-10g of solid sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1L of water.

4. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The smoke inlet and the smoke outlet are both arranged at the top of the liquid treatment tank. The smoke inlet is connected to a smoke inlet pipeline. At least a part of the smoke inlet pipeline can be immersed in the alkaline solution, and a diversion part is arranged at the end of the smoke inlet pipeline immersed in the alkaline solution.

5. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The smoke inlet pipeline is provided with a spiral baffle or a plurality of baffles are provided on the smoke inlet pipeline to increase the travel distance of the thermal runaway flue gas in the liquid treatment tank.

6. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are multiple liquid treatment tanks, and a three-way valve is provided on the smoke outlet of each liquid treatment tank. The first port of the three-way valve is connected to the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank, the second port is used to discharge the thermal runaway smoke, and the third port is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline. Each liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the manifold.

7. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are multiple liquid processing tanks, and the liquid inlet pipeline of each liquid processing tank is arranged on the side wall of the tank body of the liquid processing tank, and each liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the manifold.

8. An energy storage device, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of battery modules, a temperature control system, a fire protection system and the thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the fire-fighting pipeline of the fire-fighting system, and the liquid inlet pipeline introduces the fire-fighting water in the fire-fighting pipeline into the liquid treatment tank. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by the fire-fighting water to form an alkali solution.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the temperature control pipeline of the temperature control system, and the liquid inlet pipeline introduces the cooling water in the temperature control pipeline into the liquid treatment tank. The solid alkali in the liquid treatment tank is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkali solution.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The liquid inlet pipeline is used to be connected to the liquid inlet pipeline in the temperature control pipeline.

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