Condensation negative pressure type seawater desalination system using interface evaporation principle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a condensation negative pressure type seawater desalination system utilizing an interface evaporation principle, and relates to the technical field of seawater desalination. Comprising an evaporation chamber, a plurality of three-dimensional evaporators, a condenser, a miniature vacuum pump, a solar panel and a fresh water collection chamber, a gas inlet of the micro vacuum pump is communicated with a gas outlet of the evaporation chamber through a pipeline, a gas outlet of the micro vacuum pump is communicated with a gas inlet of the condenser through a pipeline, and an outlet of the condenser is respectively communicated with an inlet of the fresh water collection chamber and the gas inlet of the evaporation chamber through pipelines; the solar panel is electrically connected with the micro vacuum pump. The water evaporation device has the advantages that the energy utilization rate is increased, light utilization and water vapor collection are improved, and higher water evaporation efficiency is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and more specifically, relates to a concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system utilizing the interface evaporation principle. Background Art

[0002] Freshwater resources are important resources for human survival, economic development and social progress. However, due to the global population expansion and the aggravation of industrial pollution, the shortage of freshwater resources has long become a global problem. In 2025, more than 50% of the world's population will suffer from water shortage, and by 2050, this figure will rise to 75%. For a long time, seawater desalination has been considered a feasible solution to the global shortage of freshwater resources. So far, a variety of seawater desalination technologies have been developed and applied, such as reverse osmosis technology (RO), multi-stage flash technology (MSF) and electrodialysis technology (ED). However, these technologies are mainly driven by electricity or hydraulics. Fundamentally, the power source is mainly non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels. In addition, these technologies also require high equipment and installation costs, and are unlikely to be actually applied in developing countries and remote areas. Considering the above factors, it is crucial to develop new water treatment technologies that are pollution-free and low-cost and use clean energy.

[0003] Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is an emerging method of using sunlight to continuously desalinate water. It confines heat to the air-water interface, greatly reducing the energy loss of a large amount of water at the bottom, greatly improving energy utilization, and thus achieving higher water evaporation efficiency. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has become a promising, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, direct and reliable seawater desalination technology, and has received increasing attention and recognition. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the interface evaporation principle, thereby improving energy utilization, light utilization and water vapor collection, and obtaining higher water evaporation efficiency.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0006] A concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using interface evaporation comprises an evaporation chamber, a three-dimensional evaporator, a condenser, a micro vacuum pump, a solar panel, and a fresh water collection chamber. The three-dimensional evaporators are arranged in the evaporation chamber. The air inlet of the micro vacuum pump is connected to the air outlet of the evaporation chamber through a pipeline, the air outlet of the micro vacuum pump is connected to the air inlet of the condenser through a pipeline, and the outlet of the condenser is respectively connected to the inlet of the fresh water collection chamber and the air inlet of the evaporation chamber through a pipeline; the solar panel is electrically connected to the micro vacuum pump.

[0007] Preferably, the three-dimensional evaporator is a quadrangular pyramid structure made of polyvinyl alcohol carbon black hydrogel, and a plane reflector is respectively provided on the four side elevations of the quadrangular pyramid structure.

[0008] Preferably, the three-dimensional evaporator is embedded on the foam, and the foam floats on the sea surface.

[0009] Preferably, the condenser is immersed in seawater, and the seawater is used to condense water vapor to form fresh water.

[0010] Preferably, the condenser may also be condensed by a fan or a blower.

[0011] Preferably, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the air inlet of the three-way valve through a pipeline, the air outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the air inlet of the evaporation chamber through a pipeline, and the outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the fresh water collection chamber through a pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, a regulating valve is provided on the pipeline connecting the evaporation chamber and the three-way valve.

[0013] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are:

[0014] 1. The utility model uses cost-effective polyethylene / alcohol carbon black gel as the material for making the evaporator. Thanks to its three-dimensional porous polymer grid structure, it utilizes the capillary effect and the continuous water supply to the evaporation surface. The addition of carbon black makes the evaporation material have a higher surface roughness, which can significantly enhance light scattering and thus improve light absorption to obtain the maximum solar energy utilization efficiency.

[0015] 2. The utility model makes the evaporator into a 3D quadrangular pyramid shape and is equipped with a plane reflector, which can effectively capture the incident sunlight and improve the water evaporation rate and energy utilization rate.

[0016] 3. The utility model introduces a micro vacuum pump driven by solar energy, which significantly enhances the overall driving force of the interface evaporation system, thereby greatly improving the water evaporation efficiency.

[0017] 4. The utility model uses a condenser immersed in seawater, and the evaporated water vapor can effectively contact the condensation copper tube, thereby achieving efficient condensation and water collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the negative pressure interface evaporation system;

[0019] Figure 2 It is another overall structural rear view schematic diagram of the negative pressure interface evaporation system;

[0020] In the figure: 1. Evaporation chamber; 2. 3D evaporator; 3. Cart; 4. Condenser; 5. Micro vacuum pump; 6. Solar panel; 7. Fresh water collection chamber; 8. Regulating valve; 9. Three-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] In this study, we used a cost-effective polyvinyl alcohol / carbon black hydrogel with a simple preparation process. In response to some problems existing in traditional solar evaporation systems, we used a new solar-driven negative pressure interfacial evaporation system (SLIDS). In order to further increase the water evaporation rate and improve the utilization of energy in the surrounding environment by the interfacial solar-driven evaporation device, we used a 3D tetrahedral interfacial solar-driven evaporation device.

[0023] The technical principle of the utility model is as follows: during the day, sunlight shines on the surface of the three-dimensional evaporator 2, and the evaporation material converts light energy into heat energy. Based on the water absorption characteristics of the hydrogel, seawater is absorbed onto the surface of the evaporator using the capillary principle, and the seawater is heated to release the latent heat of vaporization, thereby evaporating water vapor. Under the action of the adjustable micro vacuum pump, the water vapor is introduced into the condenser, and the water vapor contacts the condensation copper tube to release the latent heat of condensation, forming water droplets, and the precipitated pure liquid water flows into the fresh water collection chamber 7, and the remaining water vapor returns to the evaporation chamber 1 through the three-way valve 9, thereby realizing a continuous evaporation, condensation and water collection cycle, and achieving the purpose of collecting fresh water with zero energy consumption.

[0024] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system includes an evaporation chamber 1, a stereo evaporator 2, a condenser 4, a micro vacuum pump 5, a solar panel 6, a fresh water collection chamber 7, a regulating valve 8, and a three-way valve 9. The entire system is placed on a bracket, which is divided into three layers. The evaporation chamber 1, the micro vacuum pump 5 and the condenser 4 are placed on the upper layer. The push-pull middle layer is placed with a solar panel 6. After the solar panel 6 is pulled out, it can be placed at a certain angle to the ground to facilitate solar power generation. The fresh water collection chamber 7 is placed on the bottom layer.

[0025] The evaporation chamber 1 is filled with salt water with the same concentration as seawater. The polyethylene foam board floating on the water surface is used as the layout platform of the stereo evaporator 2. The prepared polyvinyl alcohol carbon black hydrogel is freeze-dried by a drying freezer, cut into a preset shape, and the hydrogel is spliced ​​into a 3D tetrahedral pyramid shape with the help of a plastic iron wire. It is embedded in the foam so that the bottom of the stereo evaporator 2 is fully in contact with the seawater to ensure continuous water absorption and evaporation. The bottom side of the stereo evaporator 2 is 3mm long and 2mm high, and the number is 3-6. Four-sided plane reflectors parallel to the tetrahedral pyramid are embedded in the foam to ensure effective capture and collection of incident sunlight and achieve efficient use of energy. The transparent acrylic cover of the evaporation chamber 1 is provided with an outlet with an outer diameter of 10mm and an inner diameter of 6mm. The outlet of the evaporation chamber 1 is connected to the air inlet of the micro vacuum pump 5 with a PVC hose with an inner diameter of 10mm. The air outlet of the micro vacuum pump 5 is connected to the 4 air inlets of the condenser with a hose. The outlet of the condenser 4 is connected to the air inlet of the three-way valve 9, the outlet of the three-way valve 9 is connected to the fresh water collection chamber 7, and the air outlet of the three-way valve 9 is connected to the air inlet of the evaporation chamber 1 to form a sealed closed loop. The micro vacuum pump 5 is connected to the generator driven by the solar panel 6 to ensure the continuous operation of the vacuum pump with a power of 8W.

[0026] When working, the whole device is placed in an open space with sufficient sunlight, and the micro vacuum pump 5 is turned on to test the airtightness of the device. After the test is completed, the micro vacuum pump 5 is continued to operate. The seawater in the evaporation chamber 1 is absorbed by the polyvinyl alcohol carbon black hydrogel made into a 3D three-dimensional quadrangular pyramid shape, forming a local thin layer on the surface. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the hydrogel converts light energy into heat energy, and the seawater on the surface of the evaporation material absorbs the latent heat of vaporization to form water vapor. Under the action of the micro vacuum pump 5, the water vapor is introduced into the condenser 4 and contacts with the condensation copper tube to release the latent heat of condensation, thereby forming liquid water. The precipitated pure liquid water is introduced into the fresh water collection chamber 7 to complete the collection of fresh water. The remaining water vapor is re-introduced into the evaporation chamber 1, thereby realizing continuous circulation to produce fresh water.

[0027] The above are only preferred specific implementation methods of the utility model, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical scheme and utility model concept of the utility model, should be covered by the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the principle of interface evaporation, characterized in that: The invention comprises an evaporation chamber (1), a three-dimensional evaporator (2), a condenser (4), a micro vacuum pump (5), a solar panel (6), and a fresh water collection chamber (7). The three-dimensional evaporators (2) are multiple and arranged in the evaporation chamber (1); the air inlet of the micro vacuum pump (5) is connected to the air outlet of the evaporation chamber (1) through a pipeline, the air outlet of the micro vacuum pump (5) is connected to the air inlet of the condenser (4) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the condenser (4) is respectively connected to the inlet of the fresh water collection chamber (7) and the air inlet of the evaporation chamber (1) through a pipeline; and the solar panel (6) is electrically connected to the micro vacuum pump (5).

2. The concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the interface evaporation principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The three-dimensional evaporator (2) is a quadrangular pyramid structure made of polyvinyl alcohol carbon black hydrogel, and a plane reflector is respectively provided on the four side elevations of the quadrangular pyramid structure.

3. The concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the interface evaporation principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The three-dimensional evaporator (2) is embedded on the foam, and the foam floats on the sea surface.

4. The concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the interface evaporation principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The condenser (4) is immersed in seawater and utilizes the seawater to condense water vapor to form fresh water.

5. The concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the interface evaporation principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The condenser (4) can also be condensed by a fan or a blower.

6. The concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the interface evaporation principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outlet of the condenser (4) is connected to the air inlet of the three-way valve (9) through a pipeline, the air outlet of the three-way valve (9) is connected to the air inlet of the evaporation chamber (1) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the three-way valve (9) is connected to the fresh water collection chamber (7) through a pipeline.

7. The concentrated negative pressure seawater desalination system using the interface evaporation principle according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A regulating valve (8) is provided on the pipeline connecting the evaporation chamber (1) and the three-way valve (9).

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