Gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide

Abstract

The utility model provides a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system comprises a fuel source, air separation equipment, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a low-pressure compressor, a front-end cooler, a gas-liquid separation device, a high-pressure compressor, a rear-end cooler, a phase change condensation heat exchanger and a chimney. Oxygen in air is separated out through the air separation equipment, and the oxygen, oxygen from the phase change condensation heat exchanger and mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide separated out through the gas-liquid separation device jointly form an oxygen source needed by the gas turbine. An oxygen source with certain pressure and temperature is fed into the gas turbine, so that oxygen in the oxygen source can be uniformly mixed, and the oxygen can be sufficiently mixed with gas for combustion according to the proportion. According to the utility model, not only can water vapor, carbon dioxide and the like brought by combustion be recycled, but also the smoke exhaust temperature is recycled, so that the near-zero emission of smoke is realized, the environment is protected, and the maximization of resource utilization is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of low-emission power generation, and in particular to an oxygen-enriched combustion system of a gas engine capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide. Background Art

[0002] With the development of human industry, environmental and climate change issues have become issues of concern to the whole world. However, the power plant industry that uses fossil fuels as raw materials occupies an important position in the use of fossil fuels. At the same time, it has also become a relatively concentrated source of carbon dioxide emissions with huge emissions.

[0003] In September 2020, my country proposed at the 75th United Nations General Assembly that carbon dioxide emissions should peak before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Therefore, the control and treatment of carbon dioxide emissions and other pollutant emissions from thermal power plants is critical.

[0004] At present, oxygen-enriched combustion technology, as an important carbon dioxide capture technology, has also received more and more attention. In oxygen-enriched combustion technology, pure oxygen and part of the recycled flue gas are mixed into the furnace for combustion, which can make the carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas reach more than 70-80%, which is greatly beneficial to the capture of carbon dioxide. After further condensation, compression and purification, a combustion method is used to achieve permanent storage or resource utilization of carbon dioxide. However, these measures for the emission of combustion products are not well combined. They are all considered to be removed independently, and they are not systematically recycled, that is, the energy utilization rate is not high. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims at at least solving the technical problem of low energy utilization rate of oxygen-enriched combustion system in the prior art.

[0006] To this end, the utility model provides a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide.

[0007] The utility model provides a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide, comprising:

[0008] Fuel source;

[0009] An air separation device having an input end, a first output end, and a second output end, wherein the input end of the air separation device receives air, the first output end of the air separation device outputs a mixed gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the air separation device separates at least nitrogen from the air and discharges the nitrogen through the second output end;

[0010] A gas turbine having a fuel input end, a combustion-supporting gas input end and an exhaust gas output end, wherein the fuel input end receives a fuel source, the combustion-supporting gas input end is connected to a first output end of an air separation device, and the exhaust gas output end outputs exhaust gas generated during the operation of the gas turbine;

[0011] A waste heat boiler having an input end and a first output end, wherein the input end of the waste heat boiler is connected to the exhaust gas output end of the gas turbine, and the exhaust gas generated in the gas turbine is heat-exchanged in the waste heat boiler to generate a first gas medium having a first temperature and is output through the first output end of the waste heat boiler;

[0012] A low-pressure compressor having an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the first output end of the waste heat boiler, and the low-pressure compressor compresses the first gas medium and outputs it through the output end of the low-pressure compressor;

[0013] The front-end cooler has an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the front-end cooler is connected to the output end of the low-pressure compressor, and the front-end cooler is used to cool the compressed first gas medium so that at least part of the H in the first gas medium is 2 O gas liquefies, and the remaining gas medium is defined as the second gas medium;

[0014] A gas-liquid separation device having an input end, a first output end, a second output end and a third output end, wherein the input end of the gas-liquid separation device is connected to the output end of the front-end cooler, the first output end of the gas-liquid separation device outputs liquid water, and the second output end of the gas-liquid separation device transmits at least part of the second gas medium to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine;

[0015] A high-pressure compressor having an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the high-pressure compressor is connected to the third output end of the gas-liquid separation device to receive the second gas medium, and the high-pressure compressor compresses the second gas medium and outputs it through the output end of the high-pressure compressor;

[0016] A rear end cooler having an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the rear end cooler is connected to the output end of the high-pressure compressor, and the rear end cooler is used to cool the compressed second gas medium and output it through the output end of the rear end cooler;

[0017] The phase change condensation heat exchanger has an input end, a first output end and a second output end. The input end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger is connected to the output end of the rear end cooler. The first output end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger outputs liquid carbon dioxide. The second output end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger is connected to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine.

[0018] According to the above technical solution of the utility model, a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide may also have the following additional technical features:

[0019] In the above technical solution, the oxygen and the mixed gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide input to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine have a first pressure, and the first pressure is at least greater than the standard atmospheric pressure.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the fuel source is organic gas fuel or hydrogen;

[0021] The first gas medium includes oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the first temperature ranges from 70°C to 80°C.

[0023] In the above technical solution, in the low-pressure compressor, the temperature and pressure of the first gas medium are increased; in the front-end cooler, the temperature and pressure of the first gas medium are decreased, so that the H in the first gas medium is 2 O gas is liquefied, and the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the first gas medium are kept in a gaseous state to form the second gas medium.

[0024] In the above technical solution, in the high-pressure compressor, the second gas medium is compressed to a pressure above the critical pressure for liquefaction of carbon dioxide;

[0025] In the rear end cooler, the temperature of the second gas medium is reduced to the critical temperature for liquefaction of carbon dioxide;

[0026] In the high-pressure compressor and the after-end cooler, the second gas medium remains in a gaseous state.

[0027] In the above technical solution, in the phase change condensation heat exchanger, the temperature of the second gas medium in the critical state of carbon dioxide liquefaction is reduced to cause the gaseous carbon dioxide to phase change and liquefy, the oxygen in the second gas medium remains in the gaseous state, the liquid carbon dioxide is output through the first output end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger, and the oxygen is output to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine through the second output end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger.

[0028] In the above technical solution, a first control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the second output end of the phase-change condensing heat exchanger and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine;

[0029] A second control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the second output end of the gas-liquid separation device and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine.

[0030] In the above technical solution, a regulating valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the first output end of the air separation equipment and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine. By adjusting the opening of the regulating valve, the oxygen concentration entering the gas turbine is maintained at 21-35%.

[0031] The above technical solution also includes:

[0032] a chimney, connected to the first output end of the waste heat boiler through a third control valve;

[0033] The first output end of the waste heat boiler is communicated with the input end of the low-pressure compressor through a fourth control valve.

[0034] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical features, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0035] The utility model provides a method for extracting high-purity CO 2 The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system can not only recycle the water vapor and carbon dioxide produced by combustion, but also recycle the flue gas exhaust temperature to achieve near-zero flue gas emissions, which not only protects the environment but also maximizes resource utilization.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following description or will be understood through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0038] Figure 1 The utility model is a schematic structural diagram of a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0039] in, Figure 1 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals and the component names is as follows:

[0040] 1. Fuel source; 2. Air separation equipment; 3. Gas turbine; 4. Waste heat boiler; 5. Low-pressure compressor; 6. Front-end cooler; 7. Gas-liquid separation device; 8. High-pressure compressor; 9. Back-end cooler; 10. Phase change condensation heat exchanger; 11. Chimney; 12. Generator;

[0041] 101, first control valve; 102, second control valve; 103, third control valve; 104, fourth control valve; 105, regulating valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the utility model, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0043] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] Refer to the following Figure 1 To describe a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] Some embodiments of the present application provide a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the first embodiment of the utility model proposes a gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide, comprising: a fuel source 1, an air separation device 2, a gas turbine 3, a waste heat boiler 4, a low-pressure compressor 5, a front-end cooler 6, a gas-liquid separation device 7, a high-pressure compressor 8, a rear-end cooler 9, a phase change condensation heat exchanger 10 and a chimney 11.

[0047] The fuel source 1 provides fuel for the gas turbine 3, and the fuel source 1 can be an organic gas fuel or hydrogen. In a specific embodiment, the nozzle of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 3 is connected to a natural gas pipeline, and the natural gas pipeline contains methane or hydrogen or a mixture of the two.

[0048] The air separation device 2 has an input end, a first output end and a second output end. The input end of the air separation device 2 receives air, the first output end of the air separation device 2 outputs a mixed gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the air separation device 2 at least separates nitrogen from the air and discharges it through the second output end.

[0049] The gas turbine 3 has a fuel input end, a combustion-supporting gas input end and an exhaust gas output end, the fuel input end receives a fuel source 1, the combustion-supporting gas input end is connected to a first output end of an air separation device 2, and the exhaust gas output end outputs the exhaust gas generated during the operation of the gas turbine 3; wherein the gas turbine 3 generates electricity through a coaxially connected generator 12.

[0050] The waste heat boiler 4 has an input end and a first output end. The input end of the waste heat boiler 4 is connected to the exhaust gas output end of the gas turbine 3. The exhaust gas generated in the gas turbine 3 generates a first gas medium with a first temperature after heat exchange in the waste heat boiler 4 and is output through the first output end of the waste heat boiler 4. The first gas medium includes oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The value range of the first temperature is 70°C-80°C.

[0051] The low-pressure compressor 5 has an input end and an output end, and the input end of the low-pressure compressor 5 is connected to the first output end of the waste heat boiler 4. The low-pressure compressor 5 compresses the first gas medium and outputs it through the output end of the low-pressure compressor 5. Specifically, in the low-pressure compressor 5, the temperature and pressure of the first gas medium increase.

[0052] The front-end cooler 6 has an input end and an output end. The input end of the front-end cooler 6 is connected to the output end of the low-pressure compressor 5. The front-end cooler 6 is used to cool the compressed first gas medium so that at least part of the H2O gas in the first gas medium is liquefied, and the remaining gas medium is defined as the second gas medium. In the front-end cooler 6, the temperature of the first gas medium is reduced and the pressure remains unchanged so that the H2O gas in the first gas medium is liquefied, and the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the first gas medium are kept in a gaseous state to form the second gas medium. It should be noted that the critical conditions for the gas-liquid conversion of water, oxygen and carbon dioxide are known to those skilled in the art. The present disclosure is an application of the physical properties represented by this known content. The specific temperature and pressure values ​​can be set according to different altitudes and different working requirements. The combination of the low-pressure compressor 5 and the front-end cooler 6 is only used for the liquefaction of gaseous water and keeps other gases in a gaseous state.

[0053] The gas-liquid separation device 7 has an input end, a first output end, a second output end and a third output end. The input end of the gas-liquid separation device 7 is connected to the output end of the front-end cooler 6. The first output end of the gas-liquid separation device 7 outputs liquid water. The second output end of the gas-liquid separation device 7 transmits at least part of the second gas medium to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine 3.

[0054] The high-pressure compressor 8 has an input end and an output end. The input end of the high-pressure compressor 8 is connected to the third output end of the gas-liquid separation device 7 to receive the second gas medium. The high-pressure compressor 8 compresses the second gas medium and outputs it through the output end of the high-pressure compressor 8. In a specific embodiment, a control valve is provided between the gas-liquid separation device 7 and the high-pressure compressor 8 to cut off or adjust the flow between the two.

[0055] Specifically, in the high-pressure compressor 8 , the second gaseous medium is compressed to a pressure above the critical pressure for liquefaction of carbon dioxide.

[0056] The rear end cooler 9 has an input end and an output end. The input end of the rear end cooler 9 is connected to the output end of the high-pressure compressor 8. The rear end cooler 9 is used to cool the compressed second gas medium and output it through the output end of the rear end cooler 9; in the rear end cooler 9, the temperature of the second gas medium is reduced to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide liquefaction; in the high-pressure compressor 8 and the rear end cooler 9, the second gas medium remains in a gaseous state.

[0057] The phase-change condensation heat exchanger 10 has an input end, a first output end, and a second output end. The input end of the phase-change condensation heat exchanger 10 is connected to the output end of the rear cooler 9. The first output end of the phase-change condensation heat exchanger 10 outputs liquid carbon dioxide, and the second output end of the phase-change condensation heat exchanger 10 is connected to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine 3. In the phase-change condensation heat exchanger 10, the temperature of the second gas medium in the critical state of carbon dioxide liquefaction is reduced to make the gaseous carbon dioxide phase-change liquefied, and the oxygen in the second gas medium remains in the gaseous state. The liquid carbon dioxide is output through the first output end of the phase-change condensation heat exchanger 10, and the oxygen is output to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine 3 through the second output end of the phase-change condensation heat exchanger 10.

[0058] In the above embodiment, oxygen in the air is separated by the air separation equipment 2, and together with the oxygen from the phase change condensation heat exchanger 10 and the mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide separated by the gas-liquid separation device 7, they constitute the oxygen source required by the gas turbine 3. Under this condition, the oxygen and the mixed gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide input to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine 3 have a first pressure, and the first pressure is at least greater than the standard atmospheric pressure.

[0059] In some embodiments, the connecting pipeline between the second output end of the phase change condensing heat exchanger 10 and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine 3 has a first control valve 101; the connecting pipeline between the second output end of the gas-liquid separation device 7 and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine 3 has a second control valve 102. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the second control valve 102 is disposed between the first control valve 101 and the gas-liquid separation device 7. The first control valve 101 and the second control valve 102 at least have the function of cutting off the flow, and may also have the function of regulating the flow, so as to select and adjust according to different working conditions.

[0060] In some embodiments, a regulating valve 105 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the first output end of the air separation device 2 and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine 3. Specifically, since the oxygen separated from the phase-change condensing heat exchanger 10 and the mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide separated from the gas-liquid separation device 7 are separated from the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler 4, it is difficult to meet the oxygen demand of the new cycle. By adjusting the opening of the regulating valve 105, the required oxygen amount of the new cycle is met. In addition, by adjusting and controlling the regulating valve 105, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen source entering the gas turbine 3 is controlled to achieve oxygen-enriched combustion, reduce the excess air coefficient, and control the concentration of oxygen entering the gas turbine 3 to be 21-35%.

[0061] In the above embodiment, the chimney 11 is connected to the first output end of the waste heat boiler 4 through the third control valve 103; in case of an accident, the third control valve 103 is opened to discharge the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler 4 into the atmosphere through the chimney 11; similarly, the first output end of the waste heat boiler 4 is connected to the input end of the low-pressure compressor 5 through the fourth control valve 104. In a normal state, the third control valve 103 is closed and the fourth control valve 104 is opened.

[0062] The operation process of the gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide described in the present disclosure is as follows: the oxygen in the air is separated by the cryogenic air separation device 2, and the oxygen from the phase-change condensing heat exchanger 10 and the mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide separated by the gas-liquid separation device 7 together form the oxygen source required by the gas turbine. Oxygen with a certain pressure and temperature and the mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide are respectively sent to different parts of the gas turbine according to the needs of the gas turbine 3 to ensure that the oxygen in the oxygen source can be mixed evenly and the proportion of oxygen can be fully mixed and burned with the fuel gas. At this time, the components of the oxygen source entering the gas turbine 3 are oxygen and carbon dioxide. The mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide is mixed with natural gas in the combustion chamber and then burns to drive the gas turbine 3, which generates electricity through the coaxially connected generator 12. The exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 3 enters the waste heat boiler 4. After heat exchange in the waste heat boiler 4, the temperature is reduced to about 75°C. The main components of the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler 4 are oxygen (~11% Vol, Nm3), carbon dioxide (~79% Vol, Nm3), and water vapor (~10% Vol, Nm3).

[0063] In the event of an accident, the exhaust gas discharged from the waste heat boiler 4 is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 11. Under normal circumstances, the exhaust gas enters the low-pressure compressor 5 through a pipeline, and is initially compressed in the low-pressure compressor 5. After compression, the temperature and pressure increase. The low-pressure compressor 5 is connected to the front-end cooler 6. After the exhaust gas passes through the front-end cooler 6, the pressure remains unchanged and the temperature decreases. Under the action of pressure, the gaseous water in the exhaust gas is liquefied, and the liquid water is separated and recovered through the gas-liquid separation device 7. The liquefied and recovered water can be used as industrial water, which creates profits for the enterprise and saves water resources. In the gas-liquid separation device 7, the exhaust gas after dehydration contains only oxygen and carbon dioxide. The gas separated by the gas-liquid separation device 7 is sent to the inlet of the gas turbine 3 through a pipeline as an oxygen gas source on the one hand; on the other hand, it is connected to the high-pressure compressor 8 and enters the high-pressure compressor 8 for further compression. The compression reaches the critical pressure of carbon dioxide liquefaction. After the compressed gas is cooled by the rear cooler 9, the temperature is reduced to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide liquefaction. At this time, the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is still in a gaseous state, and then it continues to be cooled in the phase change condensation heat exchanger 10. The exhaust gas is phase-changed and liquefied in the phase change condensation heat exchanger 10. The oxygen in the exhaust gas is still in a gaseous state, and the separation of carbon dioxide and oxygen is achieved. The oxygen gas separated in the phase change condensation heat exchanger 10 is sent to the inlet of the gas turbine 3 through a pipeline as an oxygen gas source. Storage of liquefied carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide has a good use in the alkali making, food and other industries. It can also be landfilled to mitigate the greenhouse effect, and can also be used as a working fluid for energy storage systems.

[0064] In the present disclosure, the oxygen source entering the gas turbine 3 is at a certain pressure, and the oxygen source entering the gas turbine 3 can directly enter the combustion chamber and mix with the gas for combustion, without the need for compression, thereby reducing a portion of the compression energy and increasing the power generation efficiency. In addition, the system does not introduce or generate new pollutants, and there is no secondary pollution problem.

[0065] The oxygen concentration in this system is adjustable. By increasing the oxygen concentration, oxygen-enriched combustion of the gas turbine can be achieved, which greatly improves the performance of the gas turbine. Since the oxygen concentration of the system can be adjusted, it can adapt to different gas qualities and enhance the system's adaptability to fuel diversity and load.

[0066] In conventional gas turbine power generation systems, the waste heat of flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat boiler 4 at about 70-75°C is directly discharged. This part of the exhaust loss accounts for a large proportion of the overall efficiency loss, resulting in energy waste. In this system, the exhaust gas at the boiler outlet is not directly discharged. It passes through the low-pressure compressor 5 and the front-end cooler 6. After passing through the gas-liquid separator, part of the flue gas directly returns to the gas turbine system and enters the next cycle. The front-end cooler 6 only cools and absorbs the heat caused by the temperature increase after compression by the compressor. The temperature after passing through the front-end cooler 6 is still around 70°C, so that this part of the energy is recycled, realizing the recovery of this part of the exhaust heat, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the gas turbine system.

[0067] Due to the particularity of the fuel of the gas engine, the main components of the combustion products are oxygen, carbon dioxide and water. In this system, the exhaust gas at the boiler outlet is not directly discharged. The low-pressure compressor 5 and the front-end cooler 6 increase the pressure of the exhaust gas, so that the gaseous water in the exhaust gas is liquefied, and water recovery is achieved. The liquefied and recovered water can be used as industrial water, creating profits for the enterprise and saving water resources. Through a series of cooling and compression, carbon dioxide can be recovered for further use to create economic value.

[0068] In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0069] Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included in the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide, characterized in that: include: Fuel source (1); An air separation device (2) having an input end, a first output end and a second output end, wherein the input end of the air separation device (2) receives air, the first output end of the air separation device (2) outputs a mixed gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the air separation device (2) separates at least nitrogen from the air and discharges the mixed gas through the second output end; A gas turbine (3) having a fuel input end, a combustion-supporting gas input end and an exhaust gas output end, wherein the fuel input end receives a fuel source (1), the combustion-supporting gas input end is connected to a first output end of an air separation device (2), and the exhaust gas output end outputs exhaust gas generated during the operation of the gas turbine (3); A waste heat boiler (4) having an input end and a first output end, the input end of the waste heat boiler (4) being connected to the exhaust gas output end of the gas turbine (3), the exhaust gas generated in the gas turbine (3) being heat exchanged in the waste heat boiler (4) to generate a first gas medium having a first temperature and being output via the first output end of the waste heat boiler (4); A low-pressure compressor (5) having an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the low-pressure compressor (5) is connected to a first output end of the waste heat boiler (4), and the low-pressure compressor (5) compresses the first gas medium and outputs it via the output end of the low-pressure compressor (5); A front-end cooler (6) having an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the front-end cooler (6) is connected to the output end of the low-pressure compressor (5), and the front-end cooler (6) is used to cool the compressed first gas medium so as to liquefy at least part of the H2O gas in the first gas medium, and define the remaining gas medium as a second gas medium; A gas-liquid separation device (7) having an input end, a first output end, a second output end and a third output end, wherein the input end of the gas-liquid separation device (7) is connected to the output end of the front-end cooler (6), the first output end of the gas-liquid separation device (7) outputs liquid water, and the second output end of the gas-liquid separation device (7) transmits at least part of the second gas medium to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine (3); A high-pressure compressor (8) having an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the high-pressure compressor (8) is connected to the third output end of the gas-liquid separation device (7) to receive a second gas medium, and the high-pressure compressor (8) compresses the second gas medium and outputs it through the output end of the high-pressure compressor (8); A rear end cooler (9) having an input end and an output end, wherein the input end of the rear end cooler (9) is connected to the output end of the high-pressure compressor (8), and the rear end cooler (9) is used to cool the compressed second gas medium and output it through the output end of the rear end cooler (9); The phase change condensation heat exchanger (10) has an input end, a first output end and a second output end. The input end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger (10) is connected to the output end of the rear end cooler (9). The first output end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger (10) outputs liquid carbon dioxide. The second output end of the phase change condensation heat exchanger (10) is connected to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine (3).

2. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygen and the mixed gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide input to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine (3) have a first pressure, which is at least greater than the standard atmospheric pressure.

3. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel source (1) is an organic gas fuel or hydrogen; The first gas medium includes oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

4. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first temperature ranges from 70°C to 80°C.

5. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the low-pressure compressor (5), the temperature and pressure of the first gas medium are increased; in the front-end cooler (6), the temperature and pressure of the first gas medium are decreased, so that the H2O gas in the first gas medium is liquefied, and the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the first gas medium are kept in a gaseous state to form the second gas medium.

6. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 5, characterized in that: In a high-pressure compressor (8), compressing the second gaseous medium to a pressure above the critical pressure for liquefaction of carbon dioxide; In the rear end cooler (9), the temperature of the second gas medium is reduced to the critical temperature for liquefaction of carbon dioxide; In the high-pressure compressor (8) and the rear-end cooler (9), the second gas medium remains in a gaseous state.

7. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the phase-change condensing heat exchanger (10), the temperature of the second gas medium in the critical state of carbon dioxide liquefaction is reduced to cause the gaseous carbon dioxide to phase change and liquefy, and the oxygen in the second gas medium remains in the gaseous state. The liquid carbon dioxide is output through the first output end of the phase-change condensing heat exchanger (10), and the oxygen is output through the second output end of the phase-change condensing heat exchanger (10) to the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine (3).

8. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first control valve (101) is provided on the connecting pipeline between the second output end of the phase-change condensing heat exchanger (10) and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine (3); A second control valve (102) is provided on the connecting pipeline between the second output end of the gas-liquid separation device (7) and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine (3).

9. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 8, characterized in that: A regulating valve (105) is provided on the connecting pipeline between the first output end of the air separation device (2) and the combustion-supporting gas input end of the gas turbine (3). By adjusting the opening of the regulating valve (105), the oxygen concentration entering the gas turbine (3) is maintained at 21-35%.

10. The gas turbine oxygen-enriched combustion system capable of extracting high-purity carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A chimney (11) is connected to a first output end of the waste heat boiler (4) via a third control valve (103); The first output end of the waste heat boiler (4) is connected to the input end of the low-pressure compressor (5) via a fourth control valve (104).

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