Three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest lattice side slope

Abstract

The three-dimensional ecological protection structure comprises anchor rods, planting boxes, planting pits, steel wire ropes, water intercepting plates and sashes, wherein the sashes are formed in the mode that transplanted fresh adult straight forests are attached to the horizontal slope face and incline upwards. The anchor rods are vertically buried at the slope toe in rows, and the planting pits are located between the anchor rods and a slope toe drainage ditch; the planting boxes are divided into slope surface A type planting boxes and slope toe B type planting boxes, the B type planting boxes are located in slope toe planting pits, and the A type planting boxes are sequentially and tightly arranged in rows from the slope toe anchor rods to the slope surface in the slope direction to form a planting belt; an opening is formed in the free side wall of the A-type planting box, transplanted fresh adult straight forest trees are planted into the A-type planting box from the opening and obliquely upwards attached to the horizontal slope face, the adult forest trees between every two adjacent rows of planting belts grow oppositely and obliquely upwards by a certain angle, and therefore fresh forest tree lattices are formed on the slope face. The landscape trees and landscape trees vertically planted in the slope toe B-type planting box jointly play a role in three-dimensional ecological slope protection. According to the structure, the continuity of ecological slope protection and the safety of slope engineering can be achieved at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of ecological protection of slope engineering, and particularly relates to a slope protection structure which utilizes fresh wood frame for three-dimensional ecological protection of slope. Background Art

[0002] Generally, active protection nets, shotcrete or concrete frames are often used to protect the excavation slopes and weathered rock slopes of road cuts. Planting troughs can also be built on the debris platform of the excavation slopes to plant climbing plants for greening. The SNS active protection net has the characteristics of high strength, high flexibility, easy installation, and strong adaptability to slope terrain. In order to prevent soil erosion and meet aesthetic needs, the protection net needs to be combined with slope greening and ecologicalization. For slopes with gentle slopes and weathered residual soil as the main surface, the protection net can be fixed and sown or some grass can be properly planted for maintenance. When the area is large, horizontal trenches can be dug, grass and small shrubs with strong root systems and strong soil-fixing ability can be planted to form a slope green belt. However, it is difficult for road cut slopes and weathered rock slopes to store and utilize rainfall to sustainably grow grass and trees, and it is impossible to achieve long-term ecological protection of slopes. At present, some mature ecological slope protection technologies, such as sprayed concrete vegetation and grass planting in concrete frames, are only applicable to road cutting slopes and weathered rock slopes with a slope ratio of less than 1:0.75. Other new ecological slope protection technologies invented for high and steep slopes, such as sprayed vegetation concrete technology, also have the limitations of difficult plant maintenance and poor ecological durability in practice.

[0003] Through a large number of engineering practice surveys and analyses, it is found that the slopes of cut slopes and weathered rock slopes are generally protected by concrete frames, and the frames are filled with soil and grass for vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation. At present, there are almost no three-dimensional ecological protection measures that can take into account sustainable green ecology and the support of cut slopes and weathered rock slopes. Therefore, it is urgent to invent a three-dimensional ecological protection slope protection structure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest frame slopes in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, which is easy to construct and can take into account both the sustainability of ecological slope protection and the safety of slope engineering.

[0005] The utility model uses a frame composed of fresh adult trees lying on the weathered slope and slanting upward to replace the concrete frame beam in the original protection design of the road cut slope and the weathered rock slope. The size of the concrete frame protection range is generally 3-5 meters, and the adult straight trees can meet the size requirements. Grass can also be planted in the fresh tree frame to restore the vegetation of the frame slope and prevent soil and water loss.

[0006] The utility model provides a three-dimensional ecological protection structure for the fresh forest frame slope, comprising anchor rods, planting boxes, planting pits, water cut-off plates, steel wire ropes, a fresh forest frame on the slope surface formed by straight adult trees, and a slope foot protection forest belt;

[0007] The anchor rods are erected and buried in rows at the foot of the slope, and the position of the anchor rods relative to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope is from the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope to the direction above the slope surface; the planting pits are located between the anchor rods at the foot of the slope and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope, and are arranged in rows at a certain interval; the planting boxes are divided into type A planting boxes on the slope surface (the first one is against the anchor rod at the foot of the slope) and type B planting boxes at the foot of the slope, and the type B planting boxes are located in the planting pits at the foot of the slope, and the type B planting boxes are connected to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope through a section of pipes to introduce rainfall water flow into the type B planting boxes;

[0008] The A-type planting boxes are arranged in rows from the anchor rods at the foot of the slope along the slope direction to the slope surface, and every two are closely arranged side by side, forming a number of planting belts consisting of two rows of A-type planting boxes with equal spacing on the slope surface; the side walls of the A-type planting boxes facing the air (in contact with the air) are provided with openings and the top surface is open, and the adult trees are transplanted horizontally from the top opening and the side openings to the A-type planting boxes, so that the trees between each two adjacent rows of planting belts grow towards each other and tilt upward at a certain angle to meet the requirements of plant growth potential, thereby forming a fresh tree frame on the slope surface, which together with the adult trees vertically planted in the B-type planting boxes form a three-dimensional ecological protection slope protection structure; at the same time, in order to form a stable tree frame, the initial angle of the adult trees can be appropriately corrected manually and fixed by binding at the intersection; the adult trees are selected from trees.

[0009] One end of the steel wire rope is fixed to the anchor rod at the top of the planting belt, and the other end is pulled down along the slope of the A-type planting box and fixed to the anchor rod at the foot of the slope, so as to restrain the A-type planting box on the slope and prevent it from overturning, sliding and being damaged.

[0010] Furthermore, a slope water intercepting plate for intercepting runoff is arranged between the two adjacent rows of mature forest planting belts. The slope water intercepting plate is placed close to the slope, and both ends of the slope water intercepting plate are fixed to the lower edge of the opening on the side of the A-type planting box. It is used to intercept and collect the slope runoff and flow it into the A-type planting box from the opening, and can also intercept the water and soil lost from the weathered slope.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to make the first A-type planting box at the foot of the slope close to the slope surface, a pad is set between the first A-type planting box starting from the foot of the slope and its corresponding slope foot anchor rod. The size and shape of the pad are sufficient to make the bottom of the first A-type planting box completely close to the slope surface and lean on the slope foot anchor rod. The anchor rod, pad and B-type planting box work together to balance the downward force transmitted by the A-type planting box on the slope.

[0012] Furthermore, two steel wire ropes are provided for each row of mature tree planting belts, and two anchor rods are provided for each row of the slope top and slope foot, so as to improve the fixing effect of the A-type planting box. Preferably, the two steel wire ropes are symmetrically tied to the entire row of planting belts to prevent the A-type planting box from tipping over and being damaged.

[0013] Furthermore, a retaining plate is provided on the inner side wall of the opening of the slope A-type planting box, which is used to partially close the opening after the adult trees are planted horizontally (lying against the slope and diagonally upward) to avoid soil and water loss in the box.

[0014] Furthermore, the surface of the planting soil filled in the A-type planting box and the B-type planting box is about 5 cm deep from the top of the planting box, which is used to accumulate rainwater. The surface of the filling soil is covered with low grass or gravel to reduce evaporation.

[0015] Furthermore, a transversely movable water tank is set at the top of the slope at the top of each mature tree planting belt, and a drip irrigation belt is pulled down from the water tank along the planting belt. In the dry season, water is transported to the movable water tank by a water truck, and gravity-flowing water is used to drip irrigate the mature trees in each row of A-type planting boxes. The setting of the transversely movable water tank makes it unnecessary to have a water tank for each row of planting boxes on the slope, saving engineering costs.

[0016] Furthermore, the adult trees planted horizontally (lying against the slope and diagonally upward) in the A-type planting boxes on the slope can be fast-growing tree species with straight growth, such as eucalyptus and metasequoia, which are generally 3-5 meters long and meet the frame size requirements; adult landscape tree species are preferentially planted in B-type planting boxes, such as juniper, with a height of 160-180 cm and a crown width of 110-120 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the opening on the side of the sloped A-type planting box facing the air is a rectangular opening and runs vertically through the top of the side, so as to facilitate the placement of the root ball and the main trunk when the tree is planted horizontally (transplanted horizontally and obliquely upward).

[0018] Furthermore, a circular hole is opened in the middle of the side wall of the B-type planting box at the foot of the slope near the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope, and the diameter of the circular hole matches a section of pipe connecting the internal space of the planting box and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope, and the pipe can be a PVC pipe section.

[0019] The term "lying horizontally" as used in this specification refers to planting or transplanting trees upright in contrast to conventional methods, and specifically refers to planting mature trees in an upward, slanting direction against a slope.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The utility model utilizes a frame composed of fresh adult trees lying obliquely upward on a weathered slope to replace the concrete frame beams in the original protection design of the road cut slope and the weathered rock slope. The size of the concrete frame protection range is generally 3-5 meters, and adult straight trees can meet the size requirements. Grass can also be planted in the fresh tree frame to restore the vegetation of the frame slope and prevent soil erosion, so it has strong technical feasibility. The utility model fully utilizes the trunks of adult straight trees transplanted obliquely upward on the slope as natural frame beams, integrates the slope protection frame function and the ecological environment protection function, realizes the harmonious coexistence of the ecological slope protection project and nature, and is more ecological and economical than the traditional concrete frame slope protection on the weathered slope.

[0022] 2. When it is difficult to plant shelterbelts vertically on a steep slope or technical specifications do not allow vertical planting of trees for slope protection, the utility model ingeniously transplants adult straight trees lying close to the slope and obliquely upward on the slope to form a fresh tree frame, which not only plays a role in engineering protection, but also can achieve economic benefits.

[0023] 3. The utility model utilizes the ingenious opening and connection design of the planting box to fully collect and utilize the slope rainfall runoff and the road rainfall runoff, utilizes the drip irrigation belt on the planting belt and the slope runoff interception plate between the adult tree planting belts to help realize the water supply of the adult trees transplanted obliquely upward on the slope, and utilizes the connection between the planting box at the foot of the slope and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope to realize the water supply of the vertical trees at the foot of the slope.

[0024] 4. This utility model application has a specific product structure for implementing the concept in terms of force analysis, structural design, ecological protection, maintenance technology and other aspects, including anchor rods on the slope, planting boxes, planting pits at the foot of the slope, wire ropes, interception plates for rainfall utilization, and natural frames of fresh trees on the slope, natural shelterbelts at the foot of the slope, etc. It is a new product different from the concrete frames commonly used in current projects, which is conducive to achieving environmental protection, landscape effects, low-carbon ecology, and is convenient and quick for construction and daily maintenance after operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the utility model in which fresh adult trees are transplanted obliquely upwards on a lying slope to form a frame.

[0026] Figure 2 The embodiments of the utility model are: (a) a new planting method of transplanting mature straight trees lying on a slope and obliquely upward into A-type planting boxes, and (b) a stabilizing method of a row of A-type planting boxes on a slope and a planting method of mature trees in B-type planting boxes at the foot of the slope.

[0027] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of a method of transplanting adult trees obliquely upward around an A-type planting box lying on a slope and a corresponding method of placing a slope water cutoff plate in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the utility model in which rainwater runoff on a road surface is collected into a drainage ditch at the foot of a slope and further injected into a B-type planting box at the foot of a slope.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the utility model: (a) a slope water interception plate intercepts the slope rainfall runoff and introduces it into the slope A-type planting box; (b) a cross-sectional view of the slope water interception plate.

[0030] Among them, 1-steep slope, 2-1-anchor rod, 2-2-pad, 3-planting pit, 4-B type planting box, 5-A type planting box, 6-slope water interception board, 7-1-root ball of tree, 7-2-trunk of tree, 8-retaining board, 9-planting soil, 10-vertical landscape trees at the foot of slope, 10-1-root ball of vertical landscape trees at the foot of slope, 11-drainage ditch at the foot of slope, 12-slope rainfall runoff, 13-road runoff, 14-road surface, 15-PVC pipe section, 16-steel cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The utility model is further described by the following examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the utility model and cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the utility model. The technical personnel in the relevant field make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the utility model according to the above invention content and implement them specifically, which still falls within the scope of invention protection.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The three-dimensional ecological protection structure of the fresh forest frame slope provided in this embodiment includes anchor rods 2-1, planting boxes, planting pits 3, steel wire ropes 16 and fresh forest frames composed of mature trees.

[0034] The anchor rods 2-1 are erected and buried in rows at the foot of the slope. The position of the anchor rods relative to the drainage ditch 11 at the foot of the slope is from the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope to the direction above the slope surface. The planting pits 3 are located between the anchor rods at the foot of the slope and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope, and are arranged in rows at a certain interval. The planting boxes are divided into type A planting boxes 5 on the slope surface and type B planting boxes 4 at the foot of the slope. The type B planting boxes are located in the planting pits 3. The type B planting boxes are connected to the drainage ditch 11 at the foot of the slope through a section of pipe to introduce rainfall water into the type B planting boxes.

[0035] The A-type planting boxes are arranged in rows from the slope foot anchor rod along the slope direction to the slope surface, and every two are closely attached side by side, forming a number of equally spaced planting belts consisting of two rows of A-type planting boxes on the slope surface. In order to enable the first A-type planting box located at the slope foot to be close to the slope surface and lean on the slope foot anchor rod; a pad 2-2 is arranged between the first A-type planting box and its corresponding slope foot anchor rod, and the size and shape of the pad are sufficient to enable the bottom of the first A-type planting box to be completely close to the slope surface. The top surface of the A-type planting box is open, and the side walls facing the air (in contact with the air) are provided with openings, which are rectangular openings and penetrate the top of the side longitudinally, so as to facilitate the placement of the root ball and the trunk when the adult trees are planted horizontally. The trees are planted horizontally from the opening into the A-type planting box, so that the trees between each two adjacent rows of planting belts grow towards each other and tilt upward at a certain angle to meet the requirements of plant growth potential, thereby forming a fresh forest frame on the slope, and together with the trees planted vertically in the B-type planting box, they play a slope protection function. The surface of the planting soil 9 filled in the A-type planting box and the B-type planting box is about 5 cm deep from the top of the planting box, which is used for rainwater accumulation and storage. The surface of the filling soil is covered with low grass to reduce evaporation. The adult trees planted horizontally in the A-type planting box can be fast-growing forest species with straight growth, such as eucalyptus and metasequoia; the landscape tree species 10, such as cypress, are planted vertically in the B-type planting box, with a height of 160-180 cm and a crown width of 110-120 cm.

[0036] The inner wall of the opening of the A-type planting box is provided with a retaining plate 8, which is used to partially close the opening after the trees are horizontally planted to prevent soil and water loss in the planting box. A horizontal slope water interception plate 6 is provided between the two adjacent planting belts, and the two ends of the slope water interception plate are fixed to the lower edge of the opening on the side of the A-type planting box, which is used to intercept and collect the slope rainfall runoff 12 and merge it into the A-type planting box from the opening.

[0037] The steel wire ropes 16 are provided with two for each row of planting belts, and two anchor rods are provided at the top and foot of the slope, one end of which is fixed on the anchor rod at the top of the planting belt, and the other end is pulled down along the slope along the A-type planting box and fixed on the anchor rod at the foot of the slope. The two steel wire ropes are symmetrically bound to the entire row of planting belts, and the A-type planting is bound to prevent the A-type planting box from tipping over and being damaged. A circular hole is opened in the middle of the side wall of the B-type planting box at the foot of the slope, which is adjacent to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. The aperture of the circular hole matches a pipe connecting the internal space of the planting box with the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. The PVC pipe section 15 is selected for this section of the pipe, so that rainwater from the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope is introduced into the B-type planting box to provide water for the growth of adult trees.

[0038] A transversely movable water tank is set at the top of the slope at the top of each planting belt. A drip irrigation belt is pulled down from the water tank along the planting belt. In the dry season, water is transported to the movable water tank by a water truck, and gravity-flowing water is used to drip irrigate the adult trees in each row of A-type planting boxes. The setting of the transversely movable water tank means that there is no need to have a water tank for each row of planting boxes on the slope, saving engineering costs.

[0039] In this embodiment, the adult trees lying on the slope can be cut down in about 3 to 5 years, and new adult trees can be planted horizontally after felling and transportation. After the adult trees are cut down, two slides are placed along the slope on the A-type planting box on the slope, and the wood can be rolled down and transported to the ground, achieving economic benefits.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest frame slopes, characterized in that: It includes anchor rods (2-1), planting boxes, planting pits (3), steel wire ropes (16) and a living tree frame composed of trees; The anchor rods are erected and buried in rows at the foot of the slope, and the position of the anchor rods relative to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope is from the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope (11) to the direction above the slope surface; the planting pits are located between the anchor rods at the foot of the slope and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope, and are arranged in rows at a certain interval; the planting boxes are divided into type A planting boxes (5) at the slope surface and type B planting boxes (4) at the foot of the slope, the type B planting boxes are located in the planting pits at the foot of the slope, and the type B planting boxes are connected to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope through a section of pipeline, so as to introduce rainfall water flow into the type B planting boxes; The A-type planting boxes are arranged in rows from the anchor rods at the foot of the slope along the slope direction to the slope surface, and every two are closely arranged side by side, forming a number of planting belts consisting of two rows of A-type planting boxes with equal spacing on the slope surface; the side walls of the A-type planting boxes facing the air are all provided with openings and the top surface is open, and the trees are horizontally planted in the A-type planting boxes from the top opening and the side opening facing the air, so that the trees between each two adjacent rows of planting belts grow towards each other and tilt upward at a certain angle to meet the requirements of plant growth potential, thereby forming a fresh forest frame on the slope surface, and playing a slope protection function together with the trees vertically planted in the B-type planting boxes at the foot of the slope; One end of the steel wire rope is fixed to the anchor rod at the top of the planting belt, and the other end is pulled down along the slope of the A-type planting box and fixed to the anchor rod at the foot of the slope, so as to restrain the A-type planting box on the slope and prevent it from overturning, sliding and being damaged.

2. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest lattice slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A slope intercepting plate (6) for intercepting runoff is provided between two adjacent rows of planting belts. The slope intercepting plate is placed horizontally, with both ends fixed to the lower edge of the opening on the side of the A-type planting box, and is used to intercept and collect the slope rainfall runoff (12) and to flow into the A-type planting box from the opening.

3. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest lattice slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A cushion block (2-2) is arranged between the first A-type planting box starting from the foot of the slope and its corresponding anchor rod at the foot of the slope. The size and shape of the cushion block are sufficient to enable the bottom of the first A-type planting box to be completely close to the slope surface and lean against the anchor rod at the foot of the slope; the anchor rod, the cushion block and the B-type planting box jointly balance the downward force transmitted from the A-type planting box on the slope.

4. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest lattice slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner side wall of the opening of the slope A-type planting box is provided with a retaining plate (8) for partially closing the opening after the trees are horizontally planted, so as to prevent soil and water loss in the planting box.

5. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest lattice slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the planting soil (9) filled in the A-type planting box and the B-type planting box is about 5 cm deep from the top of the planting box, which is used to accumulate rainwater. The surface of the filling soil is covered with low grass to reduce evaporation.

6. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure of fresh forest frame slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A laterally movable water tank is set at the top of the slope at the top of each planting belt, and a drip irrigation belt is pulled down from the water tank along the planting belt, so that water can be transported to the movable water tank by a water truck during the dry season, and gravity-flowing water can be used to drip irrigate the trees in each row of A-type planting boxes.

7. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure of fresh forest frame slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The trees planted horizontally in the A-type planting boxes on the slope can be eucalyptus or metasequoia, fast-growing forest species that grow straight; the trees planted vertically in the B-type planting boxes at the foot of the slope can be the landscape tree species juniper.

8. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure of fresh forest lattice slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The opening on the side of the sloped A-type planting box facing the air is a rectangular opening, and runs vertically through the top of the side, so as to facilitate the placement of the root ball and the main trunk when the tree is planted horizontally.

9. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure for fresh forest lattice slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A circular hole is provided in the middle of the side wall of the B-type planting box at the foot of the slope near the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. The diameter of the circular hole matches a section of pipe connecting the inner space of the planting box and the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope. The section of pipe can be a PVC pipe section.

10. The three-dimensional ecological protection structure of fresh forest lattice slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Two steel wire ropes are correspondingly arranged on each row of planting belts, and two anchor rods are correspondingly arranged at the top and foot of the slope. The two steel wire ropes are symmetrically bound on the entire row of planting belts to prevent the A-type planting boxes on the slope from tipping over and being damaged.

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