Centralized fire extinguishing system and energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model provides a centralized fire-fighting system and an energy storage system, and mainly solves the problem that the existing energy storage system is higher in fire-fighting cost. The centralized fire extinguishing system comprises a flue gas conveying pipe and a flue gas treatment unit, the flue gas conveying pipe comprises a flue gas main pipeline and a plurality of flue gas branch pipelines, and each flue gas branch pipeline is used for being connected with the energy storage equipment and the flue gas main pipeline; the flue gas main pipeline gathers thermal runaway flue gas in the plurality of flue gas branch pipelines into the flue gas treatment unit; and the flue gas treatment unit is used for carrying out centralized treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas of each energy storage device. The flue gas main pipeline is provided with a discharging device, and the discharging device is used for discharging electrolyte and solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit to be treated is in a gaseous state, and the treatment cost of the flue gas treatment unit is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of energy storage batteries, and specifically relates to a centralized fire protection system and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Lithium batteries have gradually become the mainstream product for energy storage due to their advantages such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance and low self-discharge rate.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage systems, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Due to the high concentration of battery modules in energy storage equipment, under the influence of factors such as battery overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical collision, it is easy to cause battery diaphragm collapse and internal short circuit, resulting in thermal runaway and the generation of thermal runaway smoke. The thermal runaway smoke is easy to burn when it comes into contact with air, and in severe cases, it will cause explosion, posing a safety hazard.

[0004] The existing energy storage system generally includes multiple energy storage devices. In order to avoid the above safety hazards as much as possible, each energy storage device is equipped with a thermal runaway flue gas treatment unit, which processes the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway battery in the energy storage device. However, the possibility of thermal runaway of the battery module in the energy storage device is very small, and most of the flue gas treatment units do not work during the entire service life of the energy storage device. Therefore, each energy storage device is equipped with a flue gas treatment unit separately, which makes the cost of the entire energy storage system higher. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of high cost of existing energy storage systems, the utility model provides a centralized fire protection system and an energy storage system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is:

[0007] A centralized fire protection system comprises a smoke delivery pipe and a smoke treatment unit; the smoke delivery pipe comprises a smoke main line and a plurality of smoke branch lines, the smoke branch lines are respectively used to connect with energy storage equipment and the smoke main line, and are used to deliver thermal runaway smoke from each energy storage equipment in the energy storage system to the smoke main line; the smoke main line gathers the thermal runaway smoke in the plurality of smoke branch lines into the smoke treatment unit; the smoke main line is provided with a discharge device, and the discharge device is used to discharge electrolyte and solid substances in the thermal runaway smoke; the smoke treatment unit is used to centrally treat the thermal runaway smoke from each energy storage equipment.

[0008] Furthermore, the discharge device is a discharge bin, which is connected to the bottom of the main flue gas line and is used to collect the electrolyte and solid matter in the main flue gas line.

[0009] Furthermore, the discharge device is a discharge valve connected to the bottom of the main flue gas pipeline.

[0010] Furthermore, a filtering device is provided on the flue gas main line, and the filtering device is mainly used to filter solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0011] Furthermore, the main flue gas pipeline is mainly composed of a plurality of pipe sections connected together, and the filtering device is a filter screen, which is arranged between adjacent pipe sections, and the filtering area of ​​the filter screen is less than half of the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the main flue gas pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided on the flue gas branch pipe to enable the thermal runaway flue gas to flow in one direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit is arranged in an empty box.

[0014] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device.

[0015] The utility model also provides an energy storage system, including multiple energy storage devices and the above-mentioned centralized fire protection system, wherein the energy storage device includes an energy storage box and multiple battery modules arranged in the energy storage box, and the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery module is transported to the smoke treatment unit through a smoke delivery pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the battery module includes an outer shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the outer shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is provided in the outer shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all the single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the top plate area of ​​the outer shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; an explosion relief part is connected to the outer shell, the explosion relief part is connected to the pressure relief pipe, and each pressure relief pipe is connected to the flue gas branch pipeline.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The utility model provides a centralized fire fighting system, which includes a smoke delivery pipe and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke delivery pipe centrally gathers the thermal runaway smoke generated by each energy storage device in the energy storage system, and the smoke treatment unit treats the thermal runaway smoke delivered by the smoke delivery pipe. The centralized fire fighting system centrally treats the thermal runaway smoke generated by multiple energy storage devices in the energy storage system, and multiple energy storage devices share one smoke treatment unit, which can not only improve the safety of the energy storage device during use, but also greatly reduce the production cost of the entire energy storage system.

[0019] At the same time, an emission device is provided on the main flue gas line of the flue gas conveying pipe, which is used to collect and discharge the electrolyte and solid matter in the main flue gas line, so that the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit for treatment is in a gaseous state, reducing the treatment cost of the flue gas treatment unit, and also improving the treatment effect of the flue gas treatment unit on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0020] 2. In the centralized fire protection system of the utility model, the discharge device is a discharge bin, which is installed simultaneously with the main smoke pipe in the early stage, and continuously collects the electrolyte and solid matter in the thermal runaway smoke when the thermal runaway smoke passes through the main smoke pipe.

[0021] 3. In the centralized fire protection system of the utility model, the discharge device is a discharge valve connected to the bottom of the main smoke pipe. The discharge valve is relatively simple to install and is more convenient for discharging electrolyte and solid matter in the main smoke pipe.

[0022] 4. In the centralized fire protection system of the utility model, a filtering device is provided on the main smoke pipe of the smoke delivery pipe, and the filtering device is mainly used to filter the solid matter in the thermal runaway smoke.

[0023] 5. In the centralized fire protection system of the utility model, the main smoke pipe is mainly composed of multiple pipe sections, which is convenient for on-site installation and maintenance. At the same time, the filtering device is a filter screen, which is arranged between adjacent pipe sections for easy replacement and installation.

[0024] 6. In the centralized fire protection system of the utility model, a one-way valve is provided on the smoke branch pipe to allow the thermal runaway smoke to flow in one direction. The one-way valve can prevent the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke main pipe from entering the energy storage device that has not experienced thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0025] 7. In the centralized fire protection system of the utility model, the smoke treatment unit is arranged in an empty box, which can provide safety protection for the smoke treatment unit and increase its service life. At the same time, this arrangement makes the entire energy storage system easy to standardize and modularize, easy to manage and maintain on site, and also aesthetically pleasing.

[0026] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the coordination between the centralized fire protection system and the energy storage system in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the coordination between the centralized fire protection system and the energy storage system in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the smoke conveying pipe in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit (including the ignition device) in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage device in Example 2;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module in Example 2.

[0034] Figure markings: 1-energy storage equipment, 2-smoke conveying pipe, 3-smoke treatment unit, 11-energy storage box, 12-battery module, 13-pressure relief pipe, 121-housing, 122-single battery, 123-polarity terminal, 124-explosion relief part, 125-gas sharing chamber, 126-electrolyte sharing chamber, 21-smoke main line, 22-smoke branch line, 23-check valve, 24-discharge device, 25-filtering device, 26-pipeline chuck, 241-discharge bin, 242-discharge valve, 31-liquid treatment device, 32-solid treatment device, 33-smoke cooling device, 34-ignition device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the utility model are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0036] The "other embodiments" that appear in different places in this specification do not all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they separate or selective embodiments that are mutually exclusive with other embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of this utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0037] In the description of this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate, or the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] At the same time, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "top, bottom, inside and outside" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0039] The utility model provides a centralized fire fighting system, which is mainly used in an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes multiple energy storage devices, each of which includes an energy storage box and multiple battery modules arranged in the energy storage box. The multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in series and in parallel to meet the capacity requirements of the energy storage device. The centralized fire fighting system includes a smoke delivery pipe and a smoke treatment unit; the smoke delivery pipe includes a smoke main line and multiple smoke branch lines, which are used to deliver the thermal runaway smoke in each energy storage device to the smoke treatment unit. The smoke treatment unit is used to process the thermal runaway smoke delivered by the smoke delivery pipe, so that the treated thermal runaway smoke will not affect the energy storage device.

[0040] The above-mentioned centralized fire protection system processes the thermal runaway flue gas generated by multiple energy storage devices in the energy storage system. Multiple energy storage devices share a flue gas treatment unit through a flue gas delivery pipe. Compared with the solution of separately setting up flue gas treatment for each energy storage device in the prior art, it can not only improve the safety of the energy storage device during use, but also reduce the number of flue gas treatment units, so that the production cost of the entire energy storage system is greatly reduced. At the same time, the flue gas treatment unit is set separately from the energy storage device, which can facilitate the arrangement and installation of various components in the energy storage device, improve the space utilization rate inside the energy storage box, facilitate the integration of energy storage devices, and thus increase the capacity of the energy storage device. Finally, when thermal runaway occurs in individual energy storage devices in the energy storage system, the thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage device with thermal runaway can be drawn out and centrally processed to prevent heat diffusion, thereby avoiding the occurrence of uncontrolled combustion of other energy storage devices or even the entire energy storage system due to heat diffusion when individual energy storage devices are in thermal runaway, thereby minimizing the loss of the energy storage system.

[0041] When the battery module in the energy storage device is completely thermally runaway, the vaporized electrolyte and reaction gas inside the battery module are released by spraying, forming a pressurized thermal runaway flue gas. The thermal runaway flue gas mainly includes the following components: vaporized electrolyte, CO2, CO, H2, C x H y , C x H y O z , C x H y F, POF3 and HF, etc. It can be seen that the thermal runaway flue gas contains not only hydrogen, CO, CO2, methane and other gases, but also a large amount of electrolyte vapor. The vaporized electrolyte will not only react with the positive or negative electrode in the battery cavity, but also undergo a series of decomposition reactions, thereby continuing to produce a large amount of harmful gases and flammable gases.

[0042] At the same time, when the battery module is in complete thermal runaway, the internal temperature of the battery module is as high as 500-800℃. At this temperature, the diaphragm, plastic film, plastic parts and other easily fusible parts inside the battery module are melted by high temperature, and the above molten substances rush out of the battery module along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas. In the process of being discharged to the flue gas treatment unit at the rear through the flue gas conveying pipe, the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas continues to decrease, and the molten substances gradually solidify and agglomerate, which can easily clog the flue gas conveying pipe and the pipeline of the flue gas treatment unit, thus causing safety hazards.

[0043] Based on this, the present embodiment provides a centralized fire-fighting system, in which the smoke conveying pipe is provided with a filtering device and an exhaust device. The filtering device is mainly used to filter solid substances in the thermal runaway smoke, and the exhaust device is used to collect the electrolyte and solid substances in the smoke conveying pipe, so that the thermal runaway smoke entering the smoke treatment unit is in a gaseous state, thereby reducing the processing cost of the smoke treatment unit, and also improving the treatment effect of the smoke treatment unit on the thermal runaway smoke.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the centralized fire protection system provided in this embodiment includes a smoke conveying pipe 2 and a smoke treatment unit 3; the above-mentioned smoke conveying pipe 2 includes a smoke main line 21 and multiple smoke branch lines 22, one end of each smoke branch line 22 is connected to each energy storage device 1, and the other end is connected to the smoke main line 21, and the thermal runaway smoke in each energy storage device 1 is conveyed to the smoke main line 21, the smoke main line 21 is connected to the smoke treatment unit 3, and the thermal runaway smoke in the multiple smoke branch lines 22 is gathered into the smoke treatment unit 3, and the smoke treatment unit 3 processes the thermal runaway smoke so that the thermal runaway smoke discharged from each energy storage device 1 will not affect the energy storage device 1.

[0046] It can be seen from the above description that the thermal runaway flue gas discharged by the battery module 12 of the energy storage device 1 in complete thermal runaway includes not only gaseous substances such as combustible gas, but also vaporized electrolyte and some molten substances. The vaporized electrolyte and molten substances flow in the flue gas branch pipe 22 and the flue gas main pipe 21, and the temperature gradually decreases, forming liquid electrolyte and solid impurities. At this time, this embodiment is provided with a filter device 25 and a discharge device 24 on the flue gas main pipe 21. The filter device 25 is mainly used to filter the solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the discharge device 24 is used to collect and discharge the liquid electrolyte and solid impurities, so that the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit 3 is gaseous, thereby improving the treatment effect of the flue gas treatment unit 3, and at the same time further reducing the cost of the flue gas treatment unit 3.

[0047] The discharge device 24 is disposed on the main flue gas pipeline 21 and is used to collect and discharge the electrolyte and solid matter in the main flue gas pipeline 21. The discharge device 24 can be implemented by the following structure:

[0048] First, the discharge device 24 is a discharge port provided on the main flue gas line 21, and the discharge port is sealed by a plugging cap. The plugging cap is removed to discharge or collect the electrolyte and solid matter in the main flue gas line 21;

[0049] Second, if Figure 3 As shown, the discharge device 24 is a discharge valve 242 connected to the bottom of the flue gas main line 21. The discharge valve 242 is opened to discharge or collect the electrolyte and solid matter in the flue gas main line 21. The discharge valve 242 is relatively simple to install and is also relatively convenient for discharging the electrolyte and solid matter.

[0050] Third, the discharge device 24 is a discharge bin 241, which is connected to the collection hole at the bottom of the flue gas main line 21 and is used to collect the electrolyte and solid matter in the flue gas main line 21. The discharge bin 241 is installed simultaneously with the flue gas main line 21 in the early stage, and the electrolyte and solid matter in the thermal runaway flue gas are continuously collected when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas main line 21.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the filtering device 25 is arranged in the main flue gas pipeline 21, and mainly retains solid impurities in the thermal runaway flue gas in the main flue gas pipeline 21, so that the discharged thermal runaway flue gas will not block the pipeline of the rear flue gas treatment unit 3, and the thermal runaway flue gas can be smoothly treated in the flue gas treatment unit 3. The filtering device 25 can be implemented in the following structure:

[0052] First, the filtering device 25 includes a plurality of baffles sequentially installed in the flue gas main passage 21 along the direction of the flow of the thermal runaway flue gas, and the adjacent baffles are staggered so that the flow of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas passage is wavy. This method can increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas, and the baffles can prevent the solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas from being deposited;

[0053] Second, if Figure 3 As shown, the filter device 25 includes a plurality of filter screens installed in the flue gas main line 21, and the filter screens filter the solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas. The filter screen can be implemented by a structure such as a wire mesh. When installed, the plurality of filter screens are arranged in sequence along the direction in which the thermal runaway flue gas passes, and are welded or screwed to the inner cavity of the flue gas main line 21 to filter the passing thermal runaway flue gas, so that the solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas are retained in the flue gas main line 21.

[0054] In the above structure, the installation and removal of the filter is relatively convenient, and it is a preferred structure. At the same time, the filter area of ​​the filter is smaller than the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the main flue gas line 21. The best filter area is less than half of the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the main flue gas line 21, and the filter is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the main flue gas line 21. This arrangement can filter the thermal runaway flue gas and avoid the situation in extreme cases where the filter is blocked and the thermal runaway flue gas cannot pass.

[0055] At the same time, if Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the main flue gas pipeline 21 is configured as a spliced ​​pipeline, which is mainly composed of a plurality of pipe sections. The spliced ​​pipeline is convenient for on-site installation and maintenance. At this time, the filter is arranged between adjacent spliced ​​pipelines for easy replacement and installation. In addition, in order to ensure the smooth discharge of thermal runaway flue gas when thermal runaway occurs in multiple energy storage devices at the same time, the pipe diameter of the main flue gas pipeline is generally larger than the pipe diameter of the branch flue gas pipeline, and is preferably 3 to 4 times the pipe diameter of the branch flue gas pipeline. Therefore, the pipe diameter of the main flue gas pipeline is generally above 15 cm. When specifically connected, a plurality of pipe sections are connected by a pipe chuck 26. This connection method is very convenient for assembly and disassembly, has good sealing performance, and can be disassembled and cleaned at any time to prevent blockage of subsequent pipelines and devices.

[0056] The flue gas main line 21 provided with the discharge device 24 and the filter device 25 collects and discharges the electrolyte and solid matter in the thermal runaway flue gas at the front end, thereby helping to improve the flue gas treatment effect of the rear flue gas treatment unit 3, making the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas more thorough. At the same time, after the vaporized electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected at the front end, the cost of the rear flue gas treatment unit 3 can be reduced.

[0057] In addition, since the smoke branch pipe 22 is a pipe with a certain length, the smoke conveying pipe 2 can also buffer the thermal runaway smoke, slow down the speed of the thermal runaway smoke, and reduce the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke, so that the thermal runaway smoke enters the smoke treatment unit 3 at a relatively stable flow rate. The smoke treatment unit 3 can more fully treat the thermal runaway smoke, thereby improving the treatment effect of the smoke treatment unit 3.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, in the centralized fire protection system of this embodiment, a one-way valve 23 for allowing the thermal runaway smoke to flow in one direction may also be provided on the smoke branch pipe 22. After the one-way valve 23 is installed, the thermal runaway smoke in the energy storage device 1 can flow into the smoke main pipe 21 through the smoke branch pipe 22, while the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke main pipe 21 cannot flow into the energy storage box 11 through the smoke branch pipe 22. The one-way valve 23 prevents the thermal runaway smoke in the smoke main pipe 21 from entering the energy storage device 1 where thermal runaway has not occurred, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0059] The flue gas treatment unit 3 in this embodiment treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery, reducing the risk of safety accidents such as combustion or explosion. In addition, the flue gas treatment unit 3 can also be set in an empty box, which can provide safety protection for the flue gas treatment unit 3 and increase its service life. At the same time, this setting makes the entire energy storage system easy to standardize and modularize, easy to manage and maintain on site, and also aesthetically pleasing.

[0060] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the flue gas treatment unit 3 can be specifically at least one of a liquid treatment device 31, a solid treatment device 32, a flue gas cooling device 33 and an ignition device 34. During specific treatment, any one of the devices can be used for treatment. If it is a combination of multiple devices, the multiple devices are set in sequence to treat the thermal runaway flue gas in sequence. It should be noted that if the ignition device 34 is included, the ignition device 34 needs to be set at the end, that is, the ignition treatment is the last treatment method. The specific structure of each device is described below.

[0061] The liquid treatment device 31 includes at least one liquid treatment tank filled with a liquid treatment medium. The number of liquid treatment tanks can be set according to the number and demand of energy storage devices 1 in the energy storage system. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks, multiple liquid treatment tanks can be set in series. The shape of the liquid treatment tank is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. It is best to use a circular tank body, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0062] The liquid treatment tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet. The smoke inlet is used to input the thermal runaway smoke into the liquid treatment tank, and the smoke outlet is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway smoke. When the smoke inlet is specifically set, it can be set at the top of the treatment tank or at the bottom of the treatment tank. To facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank, the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet are preferably set at the top of the liquid treatment tank. At this time, each liquid treatment tank only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire smoke treatment unit 3.

[0063] After the smoke inlet is set at the top of the liquid treatment tank, in order to make the thermal runaway smoke fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank, the smoke inlet is connected to a smoke inlet pipeline, and at least part of the smoke inlet pipeline can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Optimally, the smoke inlet pipeline is preferably extended to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank, and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway smoke passes through the liquid treatment tank, it is fully in contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank, and the liquid treatment medium performs a relatively sufficient treatment on the thermal runaway smoke, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0064] In addition, in order to facilitate the injection of liquid treatment medium and the pressure test of liquid treatment tanks for leak detection, a three-way valve is provided on the above-mentioned smoke outlet, and the three-way valve can specifically be a three-way ball valve, etc. The three-way valve can be used to fill the liquid treatment medium after all liquid treatment tanks are pressure tested. When specifically connected, the first port of the three-way valve is connected to the smoke outlet, the second port is used to connect to the adjacent liquid treatment tank, and the third port is used to inject the liquid treatment medium.

[0065] The above-mentioned liquid treatment tank is filled with a liquid treatment medium, and the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution can specifically be an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous barium hydroxide solution, etc. The alkaline solution can react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte, prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, and treat the thermal runaway flue gas to a certain extent at the source. At the same time, the alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution. In addition, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0066] For alkaline solutions, generally the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solutions. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of more than 0.5 mol / L. Therefore, when using alkaline solutions to treat thermal runaway flue gas, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and low-concentration alkaline solutions are used to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0067] Taking NaOH solution as an example, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were carried out. After a horizontal comparison of the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was the smallest after being treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the effect was significant after being treated with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the best effect was achieved after being treated with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0068] The solid treatment device 32 includes at least one solid treatment tank. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks can be arranged in series. The specific structure of the solid treatment tank is similar to that of the liquid treatment tank, and the interior thereof is filled with a solid adsorption medium. The solid adsorption medium in the solid treatment tank can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., which is used to treat the residual gas after the liquid treatment tank is treated, for example, to adsorb excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon or modified activated carbon with a higher iodine value is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in thermal runaway flue gas, for example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0069] The flue gas cooling device 33 is used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas, and includes at least one cooling treatment tank, each cooling treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. If there are multiple cooling treatment tanks, the multiple cooling treatment tanks can be arranged in series, and the cooling treatment tank is filled with a cooling medium for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas. The cooling medium can specifically be ceramic balls, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphite rods, porous ceramics, etc. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the cooling treatment tank, the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is cooled into a liquid state after passing through the cooling medium, and is collected in the cooling treatment tank, thereby reducing the concentration of combustibles in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the cooling treatment tank also cools the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, which can reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0070] The ignition device 34 controls the ignition of the thermal runaway flue gas in a controlled manner. The ignition device 34 may adopt the structures disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0071] The ignition device 34 includes a flue gas pipeline and at least one set of ignition components. The ignition components are connected to the flue gas pipeline. The number of ignition components can be set according to demand, and can be set to multiple groups such as 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups or 4 groups. When multiple groups are set, not only can the thermal runaway flue gas be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also the safety hazard caused by the failure or malfunction of a single ignition component and the inability to reliably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas can be avoided.

[0072] Each ignition assembly includes a smoke exhaust pipe and an igniter arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe. The smoke exhaust pipe is connected to the smoke pipeline (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes of multiple ignition assemblies are connected to the smoke pipeline). The igniter is turned on when any battery module 12 has thermal runaway, and then the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device 31 is transported to the smoke exhaust pipe by the smoke pipeline, and the igniter ignites the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe. The igniter can be turned on by a trigger or by a BMS (battery management system). The trigger can be a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor.

[0073] The above-mentioned igniter structure can be various, for example, an existing arc igniter or a resistance wire igniter can be specifically adopted. The arc igniter can specifically adopt a pulse igniter. The igniter can be powered by dry batteries or alternating current according to the on-site environment.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an energy storage system, which includes multiple energy storage devices 1 and the centralized fire protection system in Embodiment 1. In the energy storage system, the number of energy storage devices 1 is set according to demand. Figure 6 As shown, each energy storage device 1 includes an energy storage box 11 and a plurality of battery modules 12 disposed in the energy storage box 11, and a plurality of single battery modules 12 are connected in series and parallel to meet different capacity requirements of the energy storage device 1. The plurality of energy storage devices 1 are arranged according to the on-site environment, and the plurality of energy storage devices 1 can be arranged linearly in one or two rows, in which case the flue gas treatment unit 3 is disposed at the end; or, the plurality of energy storage devices 1 are arranged radially, and the flue gas treatment unit 3 is disposed at the center.

[0076] The battery module 12 can be a single cell 122, a PACK, or a large-capacity battery. The single cell 122 can be an existing single cylindrical battery or square shell battery; the PACK includes a plurality of single cells connected in parallel, in series, or in series. For details of large-capacity batteries, please refer to the large-capacity battery structure in Chinese patents CN117477063A, CN219892382U, and CN220324596U.

[0077] like Figure 7 As shown, the battery module 12 of this embodiment includes a shell 121 and a plurality of single cells 122 arranged in the same direction and placed in the shell 121. The single cells 122 are square shell batteries, and the number can be adjusted according to actual needs. The inner cavity of each single cell 122 includes an electrolyte area and a gas area. The top plate of the shell 121 is provided with avoidance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals 123 of each single cell 122, and the polarity terminals 123 of each single cell 122 extend out of the corresponding avoidance holes as the polarity terminals 123 of the battery module 12 (the polarity terminals 123 of all single cells 122 on one side serve as the positive polarity terminals of the battery module 12, and the polarity terminals 123 of all single cells 122 on the other side serve as the negative polarity terminals of the battery module 12), and the top plate area of ​​the shell 121 corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell 122.

[0078] It should be noted that the polarity terminal 123 of the single cell 122 here can be the pole of the single cell 122. In order to avoid the pole of the single cell 122 from being unable to smoothly extend out of the avoidance hole as the polarity terminal 123, a pole adapter can also be connected to the pole of the single cell 122, and the overall structure of the pole of the single cell 122 and the pole adapter can be used as the polarity terminal 123 of the single cell 122.

[0079] like Figure 6 As shown, a shared chamber is provided in the housing 121 , so that the inner cavity of the shared chamber is in communication with the inner cavities of all the single cells 122 .

[0080] The above-mentioned shared chamber can be an electrolyte shared chamber 126. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 126 is connected to the inner cavity electrolyte area of ​​all single cells 122. Through the electrolyte shared chamber 126, each single cell 122 can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte in each single cell 122 and improving the performance and charge and discharge cycle life of the battery module 12.

[0081] The above-mentioned shared chamber may also be a gas shared chamber 125, the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 125 is connected to the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of all the single cells 122, and the gas balance of each single cell 122 is achieved through the gas shared chamber 125, which can also improve the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module 12. In this embodiment, the gas shared chamber 125 is a gas channel arranged on the top plate of the shell 121.

[0082] The above-mentioned shared chamber can also be a gas-liquid shared chamber, the inner cavity of the gas-liquid shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​the inner cavity of all single cells 122. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each single cell 122 can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module 12.

[0083] like Figure 7 As shown, the shell 121 is connected with an explosion relief part 124, which is connected to the pressure relief pipe 13, and each pressure relief pipe 13 is connected to the flue gas branch pipe 22. The pressure relief pipe 13 is a combination of a plurality of pressure relief branch pipes and a pressure relief main pipe. The explosion relief part 124 of each battery module 12 is connected to the pressure relief branch pipe, and a plurality of pressure relief branch pipes are connected to the pressure relief main pipe, which is connected to the flue gas branch pipe 22. When any battery module 12 of the energy storage device 1 has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas can be transported to the flue gas branch pipe 22 through the corresponding pressure relief pipe 13, and the flue gas branch pipe 22 transmits the thermal runaway flue gas to the flue gas treatment unit 3.

[0084] If a battery module 12 in any energy storage device 1 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas enters the flue gas delivery pipe 2 through the pressure relief pipe 13. A one-way valve 23 is provided in the flue gas branch pipe 22 to prevent the energy storage devices 1 from affecting each other. A discharge device 24 and a filter device 25 are provided in the flue gas main pipe 21 to collect the electrolyte and solid matter in the flue gas main pipe 21, and the remaining gaseous matter in the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the flue gas treatment unit 3 for centralized and unified treatment.

Claims

1. A centralized fire protection system, characterized in that: It includes a smoke conveying pipe and a smoke treatment unit; The flue gas delivery pipe includes a main flue gas pipeline and a plurality of branch flue gas pipelines, wherein the branch flue gas pipelines are respectively connected to the energy storage device and the main flue gas pipeline, and are used to deliver the thermal runaway flue gas of each energy storage device in the energy storage system to the main flue gas pipeline; The main flue gas pipeline gathers the thermal runaway flue gas in the multiple flue gas branch pipelines into the flue gas treatment unit; the main flue gas pipeline is provided with a discharge device, which is used to discharge the electrolyte and solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas; The flue gas treatment unit is used to centrally treat the thermal runaway flue gas of each energy storage device.

2. The centralized fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge device is a discharge bin connected to the bottom of the main flue gas pipeline.

3. The centralized fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge device is a discharge valve connected to the bottom of the main flue gas pipeline.

4. The centralized fire fighting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The main flue gas line is also provided with a filtering device, which is mainly used to filter solid substances in the thermal runaway flue gas.

5. The centralized fire fighting system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main flue gas pipeline is mainly composed of a plurality of pipe sections connected together. The filtering device is a filter screen, which is arranged between adjacent pipe sections, and the filtering area of ​​the filter screen is less than half of the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the main flue gas pipeline.

6. The centralized fire fighting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A one-way valve is provided on the flue gas branch line to allow the thermal runaway flue gas to flow in one direction.

7. The centralized fire fighting system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The smoke treatment unit is arranged in an empty box.

8. The centralized fire fighting system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device.

9. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of energy storage devices and a centralized fire protection system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the energy storage device comprises an energy storage box and a plurality of battery modules arranged in the energy storage box, and the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery module is transported to the smoke treatment unit through a smoke conveying pipe.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The battery module includes an outer shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the outer shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is provided in the outer shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all the single cells; avoidance holes are provided on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the top plate area of ​​the outer shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; an explosion relief part is connected to the outer shell, the explosion relief part is connected to the pressure relief pipe, and each pressure relief pipe is connected to the flue gas branch pipeline.

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